… | |
… | |
127 | .\} |
127 | .\} |
128 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
128 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
130 | .\" |
130 | .\" |
131 | .IX Title ""<STANDARD INPUT>" 1" |
131 | .IX Title ""<STANDARD INPUT>" 1" |
132 | .TH "<STANDARD INPUT>" 1 "2007-11-23" "perl v5.8.8" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" |
132 | .TH "<STANDARD INPUT>" 1 "2007-11-24" "perl v5.8.8" "User Contributed Perl Documentation" |
133 | .SH "NAME" |
133 | .SH "NAME" |
134 | libev \- a high performance full\-featured event loop written in C |
134 | libev \- a high performance full\-featured event loop written in C |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
137 | .Vb 1 |
137 | .Vb 1 |
… | |
… | |
231 | recommended for this platform. This set is often smaller than the one |
231 | recommended for this platform. This set is often smaller than the one |
232 | returned by \f(CW\*(C`ev_supported_backends\*(C'\fR, as for example kqueue is broken on |
232 | returned by \f(CW\*(C`ev_supported_backends\*(C'\fR, as for example kqueue is broken on |
233 | most BSDs and will not be autodetected unless you explicitly request it |
233 | most BSDs and will not be autodetected unless you explicitly request it |
234 | (assuming you know what you are doing). This is the set of backends that |
234 | (assuming you know what you are doing). This is the set of backends that |
235 | libev will probe for if you specify no backends explicitly. |
235 | libev will probe for if you specify no backends explicitly. |
|
|
236 | .IP "unsigned int ev_embeddable_backends ()" 4 |
|
|
237 | .IX Item "unsigned int ev_embeddable_backends ()" |
|
|
238 | Returns the set of backends that are embeddable in other event loops. This |
|
|
239 | is the theoretical, all\-platform, value. To find which backends |
|
|
240 | might be supported on the current system, you would need to look at |
|
|
241 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()\*(C'\fR, likewise for |
|
|
242 | recommended ones. |
|
|
243 | .Sp |
|
|
244 | See the description of \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watchers for more info. |
236 | .IP "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" 4 |
245 | .IP "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" 4 |
237 | .IX Item "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" |
246 | .IX Item "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" |
238 | Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar to the |
247 | Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar to the |
239 | realloc C function, the semantics are identical). It is used to allocate |
248 | realloc C function, the semantics are identical). It is used to allocate |
240 | and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when memory |
249 | and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when memory |
… | |
… | |
449 | \& fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
458 | \& fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
450 | .Ve |
459 | .Ve |
451 | .IP "ev_default_destroy ()" 4 |
460 | .IP "ev_default_destroy ()" 4 |
452 | .IX Item "ev_default_destroy ()" |
461 | .IX Item "ev_default_destroy ()" |
453 | Destroys the default loop again (frees all memory and kernel state |
462 | Destroys the default loop again (frees all memory and kernel state |
454 | etc.). This stops all registered event watchers (by not touching them in |
463 | etc.). None of the active event watchers will be stopped in the normal |
455 | any way whatsoever, although you cannot rely on this :). |
464 | sense, so e.g. \f(CW\*(C`ev_is_active\*(C'\fR might still return true. It is your |
|
|
465 | responsibility to either stop all watchers cleanly yoursef \fIbefore\fR |
|
|
466 | calling this function, or cope with the fact afterwards (which is usually |
|
|
467 | the easiest thing, youc na just ignore the watchers and/or \f(CW\*(C`free ()\*(C'\fR them |
|
|
468 | for example). |
456 | .IP "ev_loop_destroy (loop)" 4 |
469 | .IP "ev_loop_destroy (loop)" 4 |
457 | .IX Item "ev_loop_destroy (loop)" |
470 | .IX Item "ev_loop_destroy (loop)" |
458 | Like \f(CW\*(C`ev_default_destroy\*(C'\fR, but destroys an event loop created by an |
471 | Like \f(CW\*(C`ev_default_destroy\*(C'\fR, but destroys an event loop created by an |
459 | earlier call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_new\*(C'\fR. |
472 | earlier call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_new\*(C'\fR. |
460 | .IP "ev_default_fork ()" 4 |
473 | .IP "ev_default_fork ()" 4 |
… | |
… | |
636 | *)\*(C'\fR), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the |
649 | *)\*(C'\fR), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the |
637 | corresponding stop function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_<type>_stop (loop, watcher *)\*(C'\fR. |
650 | corresponding stop function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_<type>_stop (loop, watcher *)\*(C'\fR. |
638 | .PP |
651 | .PP |
639 | As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you |
652 | As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you |
640 | must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never |
653 | must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never |
641 | reinitialise it or call its set macro. |
654 | reinitialise it or call its \f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR macro. |
642 | .PP |
|
|
643 | You can check whether an event is active by calling the \f(CW\*(C`ev_is_active |
|
|
644 | (watcher *)\*(C'\fR macro. To see whether an event is outstanding (but the |
|
|
645 | callback for it has not been called yet) you can use the \f(CW\*(C`ev_is_pending |
|
|
646 | (watcher *)\*(C'\fR macro. |
|
|
647 | .PP |
655 | .PP |
648 | Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the |
656 | Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the |
649 | registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as |
657 | registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as |
650 | third argument. |
658 | third argument. |
651 | .PP |
659 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
709 | Libev will usually signal a few \*(L"dummy\*(R" events together with an error, |
717 | Libev will usually signal a few \*(L"dummy\*(R" events together with an error, |
710 | for example it might indicate that a fd is readable or writable, and if |
718 | for example it might indicate that a fd is readable or writable, and if |
711 | your callbacks is well-written it can just attempt the operation and cope |
719 | your callbacks is well-written it can just attempt the operation and cope |
712 | with the error from \fIread()\fR or \fIwrite()\fR. This will not work in multithreaded |
720 | with the error from \fIread()\fR or \fIwrite()\fR. This will not work in multithreaded |
713 | programs, though, so beware. |
721 | programs, though, so beware. |
|
|
722 | .Sh "\s-1GENERIC\s0 \s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1FUNCTIONS\s0" |
|
|
723 | .IX Subsection "GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS" |
|
|
724 | In the following description, \f(CW\*(C`TYPE\*(C'\fR stands for the watcher type, |
|
|
725 | e.g. \f(CW\*(C`timer\*(C'\fR for \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR watchers and \f(CW\*(C`io\*(C'\fR for \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watchers. |
|
|
726 | .ie n .IP """ev_init"" (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
|
|
727 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_init\fR (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
|
|
728 | .IX Item "ev_init (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
|
|
729 | This macro initialises the generic portion of a watcher. The contents |
|
|
730 | of the watcher object can be arbitrary (so \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR will do). Only |
|
|
731 | the generic parts of the watcher are initialised, you \fIneed\fR to call |
|
|
732 | the type-specific \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro afterwards to initialise the |
|
|
733 | type-specific parts. For each type there is also a \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_init\*(C'\fR macro |
|
|
734 | which rolls both calls into one. |
|
|
735 | .Sp |
|
|
736 | You can reinitialise a watcher at any time as long as it has been stopped |
|
|
737 | (or never started) and there are no pending events outstanding. |
|
|
738 | .Sp |
|
|
739 | The callback is always of type \f(CW\*(C`void (*)(ev_loop *loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, |
|
|
740 | int revents)\*(C'\fR. |
|
|
741 | .ie n .IP """ev_TYPE_set"" (ev_TYPE *, [args])" 4 |
|
|
742 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_TYPE_set\fR (ev_TYPE *, [args])" 4 |
|
|
743 | .IX Item "ev_TYPE_set (ev_TYPE *, [args])" |
|
|
744 | This macro initialises the type-specific parts of a watcher. You need to |
|
|
745 | call \f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR at least once before you call this macro, but you can |
|
|
746 | call \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR any number of times. You must not, however, call this |
|
|
747 | macro on a watcher that is active (it can be pending, however, which is a |
|
|
748 | difference to the \f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR macro). |
|
|
749 | .Sp |
|
|
750 | Although some watcher types do not have type-specific arguments |
|
|
751 | (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR) you still need to call its \f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR macro. |
|
|
752 | .ie n .IP """ev_TYPE_init"" (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback, [args])" 4 |
|
|
753 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_TYPE_init\fR (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback, [args])" 4 |
|
|
754 | .IX Item "ev_TYPE_init (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback, [args])" |
|
|
755 | This convinience macro rolls both \f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro |
|
|
756 | calls into a single call. This is the most convinient method to initialise |
|
|
757 | a watcher. The same limitations apply, of course. |
|
|
758 | .ie n .IP """ev_TYPE_start"" (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
759 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_TYPE_start\fR (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
760 | .IX Item "ev_TYPE_start (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
|
|
761 | Starts (activates) the given watcher. Only active watchers will receive |
|
|
762 | events. If the watcher is already active nothing will happen. |
|
|
763 | .ie n .IP """ev_TYPE_stop"" (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
764 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_TYPE_stop\fR (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
765 | .IX Item "ev_TYPE_stop (loop *, ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
|
|
766 | Stops the given watcher again (if active) and clears the pending |
|
|
767 | status. It is possible that stopped watchers are pending (for example, |
|
|
768 | non-repeating timers are being stopped when they become pending), but |
|
|
769 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop\*(C'\fR ensures that the watcher is neither active nor pending. If |
|
|
770 | you want to free or reuse the memory used by the watcher it is therefore a |
|
|
771 | good idea to always call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop\*(C'\fR function. |
|
|
772 | .IP "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
773 | .IX Item "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
|
|
774 | Returns a true value iff the watcher is active (i.e. it has been started |
|
|
775 | and not yet been stopped). As long as a watcher is active you must not modify |
|
|
776 | it. |
|
|
777 | .IP "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
778 | .IX Item "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
|
|
779 | Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding |
|
|
780 | events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher |
|
|
781 | is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but |
|
|
782 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR is safe) and you must make sure the watcher is available to |
|
|
783 | libev (e.g. you cnanot \f(CW\*(C`free ()\*(C'\fR it). |
|
|
784 | .IP "callback = ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
|
|
785 | .IX Item "callback = ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
|
|
786 | Returns the callback currently set on the watcher. |
|
|
787 | .IP "ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
|
|
788 | .IX Item "ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
|
|
789 | Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time |
|
|
790 | (modulo threads). |
714 | .Sh "\s-1ASSOCIATING\s0 \s-1CUSTOM\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 A \s-1WATCHER\s0" |
791 | .Sh "\s-1ASSOCIATING\s0 \s-1CUSTOM\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 A \s-1WATCHER\s0" |
715 | .IX Subsection "ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER" |
792 | .IX Subsection "ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER" |
716 | Each watcher has, by default, a member \f(CW\*(C`void *data\*(C'\fR that you can change |
793 | Each watcher has, by default, a member \f(CW\*(C`void *data\*(C'\fR that you can change |
717 | and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This can be used |
794 | and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This can be used |
718 | to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and |
795 | to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and |
… | |
… | |
745 | have been omitted.... |
822 | have been omitted.... |
746 | .SH "WATCHER TYPES" |
823 | .SH "WATCHER TYPES" |
747 | .IX Header "WATCHER TYPES" |
824 | .IX Header "WATCHER TYPES" |
748 | This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
825 | This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
749 | information given in the last section. |
826 | information given in the last section. |
750 | .ie n .Sh """ev_io"" \- is this file descriptor readable or writable" |
827 | .ie n .Sh """ev_io"" \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?" |
751 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_io\fP \- is this file descriptor readable or writable" |
828 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_io\fP \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?" |
752 | .IX Subsection "ev_io - is this file descriptor readable or writable" |
829 | .IX Subsection "ev_io - is this file descriptor readable or writable?" |
753 | I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable |
830 | I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable |
754 | in each iteration of the event loop (This behaviour is called |
831 | in each iteration of the event loop, or, more precisely, when reading |
755 | level-triggering because you keep receiving events as long as the |
832 | would not block the process and writing would at least be able to write |
756 | condition persists. Remember you can stop the watcher if you don't want to |
833 | some data. This behaviour is called level-triggering because you keep |
757 | act on the event and neither want to receive future events). |
834 | receiving events as long as the condition persists. Remember you can stop |
|
|
835 | the watcher if you don't want to act on the event and neither want to |
|
|
836 | receive future events. |
758 | .PP |
837 | .PP |
759 | In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers per |
838 | In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers per |
760 | fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file |
839 | fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file |
761 | descriptors to non-blocking mode is also usually a good idea (but not |
840 | descriptors to non-blocking mode is also usually a good idea (but not |
762 | required if you know what you are doing). |
841 | required if you know what you are doing). |
763 | .PP |
842 | .PP |
764 | You have to be careful with dup'ed file descriptors, though. Some backends |
843 | You have to be careful with dup'ed file descriptors, though. Some backends |
765 | (the linux epoll backend is a notable example) cannot handle dup'ed file |
844 | (the linux epoll backend is a notable example) cannot handle dup'ed file |
766 | descriptors correctly if you register interest in two or more fds pointing |
845 | descriptors correctly if you register interest in two or more fds pointing |
767 | to the same underlying file/socket etc. description (that is, they share |
846 | to the same underlying file/socket/etc. description (that is, they share |
768 | the same underlying \*(L"file open\*(R"). |
847 | the same underlying \*(L"file open\*(R"). |
769 | .PP |
848 | .PP |
770 | If you must do this, then force the use of a known-to-be-good backend |
849 | If you must do this, then force the use of a known-to-be-good backend |
771 | (at the time of this writing, this includes only \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR and |
850 | (at the time of this writing, this includes only \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR and |
772 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR). |
851 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR). |
|
|
852 | .PP |
|
|
853 | Another thing you have to watch out for is that it is quite easy to |
|
|
854 | receive \*(L"spurious\*(R" readyness notifications, that is your callback might |
|
|
855 | be called with \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR but a subsequent \f(CW\*(C`read\*(C'\fR(2) will actually block |
|
|
856 | because there is no data. Not only are some backends known to create a |
|
|
857 | lot of those (for example solaris ports), it is very easy to get into |
|
|
858 | this situation even with a relatively standard program structure. Thus |
|
|
859 | it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra \f(CW\*(C`read\*(C'\fR(2) returning |
|
|
860 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EAGAIN\*(C'\fR is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives. |
|
|
861 | .PP |
|
|
862 | If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
|
|
863 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
|
|
864 | wether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
|
|
865 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
|
|
866 | its own, so its quite safe to use). |
773 | .IP "ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)" 4 |
867 | .IP "ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)" 4 |
774 | .IX Item "ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)" |
868 | .IX Item "ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)" |
775 | .PD 0 |
869 | .PD 0 |
776 | .IP "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 4 |
870 | .IP "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 4 |
777 | .IX Item "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" |
871 | .IX Item "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" |
778 | .PD |
872 | .PD |
779 | Configures an \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watcher. The fd is the file descriptor to rceeive |
873 | Configures an \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watcher. The \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR is the file descriptor to |
780 | events for and events is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | |
874 | rceeive events for and events is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or |
781 | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to receive the given events. |
875 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to receive the given events. |
782 | .Sp |
|
|
783 | Please note that most of the more scalable backend mechanisms (for example |
|
|
784 | epoll and solaris ports) can result in spurious readyness notifications |
|
|
785 | for file descriptors, so you practically need to use non-blocking I/O (and |
|
|
786 | treat callback invocation as hint only), or retest separately with a safe |
|
|
787 | interface before doing I/O (XLib can do this), or force the use of either |
|
|
788 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR, which don't suffer from this |
|
|
789 | problem. Also note that it is quite easy to have your callback invoked |
|
|
790 | when the readyness condition is no longer valid even when employing |
|
|
791 | typical ways of handling events, so its a good idea to use non-blocking |
|
|
792 | I/O unconditionally. |
|
|
793 | .PP |
876 | .PP |
794 | Example: call \f(CW\*(C`stdin_readable_cb\*(C'\fR when \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 has become, well |
877 | Example: call \f(CW\*(C`stdin_readable_cb\*(C'\fR when \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 has become, well |
795 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line\-buffered, you could |
878 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line\-buffered, you could |
796 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback: |
879 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback: |
797 | .PP |
880 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
810 | \& struct ev_io stdin_readable; |
893 | \& struct ev_io stdin_readable; |
811 | \& ev_io_init (&stdin_readable, stdin_readable_cb, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ); |
894 | \& ev_io_init (&stdin_readable, stdin_readable_cb, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ); |
812 | \& ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_readable); |
895 | \& ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_readable); |
813 | \& ev_loop (loop, 0); |
896 | \& ev_loop (loop, 0); |
814 | .Ve |
897 | .Ve |
815 | .ie n .Sh """ev_timer"" \- relative and optionally recurring timeouts" |
898 | .ie n .Sh """ev_timer"" \- relative and optionally repeating timeouts" |
816 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_timer\fP \- relative and optionally recurring timeouts" |
899 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_timer\fP \- relative and optionally repeating timeouts" |
817 | .IX Subsection "ev_timer - relative and optionally recurring timeouts" |
900 | .IX Subsection "ev_timer - relative and optionally repeating timeouts" |
818 | Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a |
901 | Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a |
819 | given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that. |
902 | given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that. |
820 | .PP |
903 | .PP |
821 | The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that |
904 | The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that |
822 | times out after an hour and you reset your system clock to last years |
905 | times out after an hour and you reset your system clock to last years |
… | |
… | |
909 | .Vb 3 |
992 | .Vb 3 |
910 | \& // and in some piece of code that gets executed on any "activity": |
993 | \& // and in some piece of code that gets executed on any "activity": |
911 | \& // reset the timeout to start ticking again at 10 seconds |
994 | \& // reset the timeout to start ticking again at 10 seconds |
912 | \& ev_timer_again (&mytimer); |
995 | \& ev_timer_again (&mytimer); |
913 | .Ve |
996 | .Ve |
914 | .ie n .Sh """ev_periodic"" \- to cron or not to cron" |
997 | .ie n .Sh """ev_periodic"" \- to cron or not to cron?" |
915 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_periodic\fP \- to cron or not to cron" |
998 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_periodic\fP \- to cron or not to cron?" |
916 | .IX Subsection "ev_periodic - to cron or not to cron" |
999 | .IX Subsection "ev_periodic - to cron or not to cron?" |
917 | Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
1000 | Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
918 | (and unfortunately a bit complex). |
1001 | (and unfortunately a bit complex). |
919 | .PP |
1002 | .PP |
920 | Unlike \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR's, they are not based on real time (or relative time) |
1003 | Unlike \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR's, they are not based on real time (or relative time) |
921 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
1004 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
922 | to trigger \*(L"at\*(R" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
1005 | to trigger \*(L"at\*(R" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
923 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. c<ev_now () |
1006 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. \f(CW\*(C`ev_now () |
924 | + 10.>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
1007 | + 10.\*(C'\fR) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
925 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, which would trigger |
1008 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, which would trigger |
926 | roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time |
1009 | roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time |
927 | again). |
1010 | again). |
928 | .PP |
1011 | .PP |
929 | They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
1012 | They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
… | |
… | |
1055 | \& struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1138 | \& struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1056 | \& ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1139 | \& ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1057 | \& fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1140 | \& fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1058 | \& ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1141 | \& ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1059 | .Ve |
1142 | .Ve |
1060 | .ie n .Sh """ev_signal"" \- signal me when a signal gets signalled" |
1143 | .ie n .Sh """ev_signal"" \- signal me when a signal gets signalled!" |
1061 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_signal\fP \- signal me when a signal gets signalled" |
1144 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_signal\fP \- signal me when a signal gets signalled!" |
1062 | .IX Subsection "ev_signal - signal me when a signal gets signalled" |
1145 | .IX Subsection "ev_signal - signal me when a signal gets signalled!" |
1063 | Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific |
1146 | Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific |
1064 | signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev |
1147 | signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev |
1065 | will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the |
1148 | will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the |
1066 | normal event processing, like any other event. |
1149 | normal event processing, like any other event. |
1067 | .PP |
1150 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
1077 | .IP "ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)" 4 |
1160 | .IP "ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)" 4 |
1078 | .IX Item "ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)" |
1161 | .IX Item "ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)" |
1079 | .PD |
1162 | .PD |
1080 | Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
1163 | Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
1081 | of the \f(CW\*(C`SIGxxx\*(C'\fR constants). |
1164 | of the \f(CW\*(C`SIGxxx\*(C'\fR constants). |
1082 | .ie n .Sh """ev_child"" \- wait for pid status changes" |
1165 | .ie n .Sh """ev_child"" \- watch out for process status changes" |
1083 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_child\fP \- wait for pid status changes" |
1166 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_child\fP \- watch out for process status changes" |
1084 | .IX Subsection "ev_child - wait for pid status changes" |
1167 | .IX Subsection "ev_child - watch out for process status changes" |
1085 | Child watchers trigger when your process receives a \s-1SIGCHLD\s0 in response to |
1168 | Child watchers trigger when your process receives a \s-1SIGCHLD\s0 in response to |
1086 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies). |
1169 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies). |
1087 | .IP "ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)" 4 |
1170 | .IP "ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)" 4 |
1088 | .IX Item "ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)" |
1171 | .IX Item "ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)" |
1089 | .PD 0 |
1172 | .PD 0 |
… | |
… | |
1110 | .Vb 3 |
1193 | .Vb 3 |
1111 | \& struct ev_signal signal_watcher; |
1194 | \& struct ev_signal signal_watcher; |
1112 | \& ev_signal_init (&signal_watcher, sigint_cb, SIGINT); |
1195 | \& ev_signal_init (&signal_watcher, sigint_cb, SIGINT); |
1113 | \& ev_signal_start (loop, &sigint_cb); |
1196 | \& ev_signal_start (loop, &sigint_cb); |
1114 | .Ve |
1197 | .Ve |
1115 | .ie n .Sh """ev_idle"" \- when you've got nothing better to do" |
1198 | .ie n .Sh """ev_idle"" \- when you've got nothing better to do..." |
1116 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_idle\fP \- when you've got nothing better to do" |
1199 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_idle\fP \- when you've got nothing better to do..." |
1117 | .IX Subsection "ev_idle - when you've got nothing better to do" |
1200 | .IX Subsection "ev_idle - when you've got nothing better to do..." |
1118 | Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending |
1201 | Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending |
1119 | (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long |
1202 | (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long |
1120 | as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, |
1203 | as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, |
1121 | imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle |
1204 | imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle |
1122 | watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration \- |
1205 | watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration \- |
… | |
… | |
1152 | .Vb 3 |
1235 | .Vb 3 |
1153 | \& struct ev_idle *idle_watcher = malloc (sizeof (struct ev_idle)); |
1236 | \& struct ev_idle *idle_watcher = malloc (sizeof (struct ev_idle)); |
1154 | \& ev_idle_init (idle_watcher, idle_cb); |
1237 | \& ev_idle_init (idle_watcher, idle_cb); |
1155 | \& ev_idle_start (loop, idle_cb); |
1238 | \& ev_idle_start (loop, idle_cb); |
1156 | .Ve |
1239 | .Ve |
1157 | .ie n .Sh """ev_prepare""\fP and \f(CW""ev_check"" \- customise your event loop" |
1240 | .ie n .Sh """ev_prepare""\fP and \f(CW""ev_check"" \- customise your event loop!" |
1158 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_prepare\fP and \f(CWev_check\fP \- customise your event loop" |
1241 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_prepare\fP and \f(CWev_check\fP \- customise your event loop!" |
1159 | .IX Subsection "ev_prepare and ev_check - customise your event loop" |
1242 | .IX Subsection "ev_prepare and ev_check - customise your event loop!" |
1160 | Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem: |
1243 | Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem: |
1161 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
1244 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
1162 | afterwards. |
1245 | afterwards. |
1163 | .PP |
1246 | .PP |
1164 | Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev. This |
1247 | Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev and |
1165 | could be used, for example, to track variable changes, implement your own |
1248 | their use is somewhat advanced. This could be used, for example, to track |
1166 | watchers, integrate net-snmp or a coroutine library and lots more. |
1249 | variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a |
|
|
1250 | coroutine library and lots more. |
1167 | .PP |
1251 | .PP |
1168 | This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need |
1252 | This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need |
1169 | to be watched by the other library, registering \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watchers for |
1253 | to be watched by the other library, registering \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watchers for |
1170 | them and starting an \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR watcher for any timeouts (many libraries |
1254 | them and starting an \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR watcher for any timeouts (many libraries |
1171 | provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for |
1255 | provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for |
… | |
… | |
1191 | Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher \- they have no |
1275 | Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher \- they have no |
1192 | parameters of any kind. There are \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare_set\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_check_set\*(C'\fR |
1276 | parameters of any kind. There are \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare_set\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_check_set\*(C'\fR |
1193 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless. |
1277 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless. |
1194 | .PP |
1278 | .PP |
1195 | Example: *TODO*. |
1279 | Example: *TODO*. |
|
|
1280 | .ie n .Sh """ev_embed"" \- when one backend isn't enough..." |
|
|
1281 | .el .Sh "\f(CWev_embed\fP \- when one backend isn't enough..." |
|
|
1282 | .IX Subsection "ev_embed - when one backend isn't enough..." |
|
|
1283 | This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop |
|
|
1284 | into another (currently only \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR events are supported in the embedded |
|
|
1285 | loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
|
|
1286 | fashion and must not be used). |
|
|
1287 | .PP |
|
|
1288 | There are primarily two reasons you would want that: work around bugs and |
|
|
1289 | prioritise I/O. |
|
|
1290 | .PP |
|
|
1291 | As an example for a bug workaround, the kqueue backend might only support |
|
|
1292 | sockets on some platform, so it is unusable as generic backend, but you |
|
|
1293 | still want to make use of it because you have many sockets and it scales |
|
|
1294 | so nicely. In this case, you would create a kqueue-based loop and embed it |
|
|
1295 | into your default loop (which might use e.g. poll). Overall operation will |
|
|
1296 | be a bit slower because first libev has to poll and then call kevent, but |
|
|
1297 | at least you can use both at what they are best. |
|
|
1298 | .PP |
|
|
1299 | As for prioritising I/O: rarely you have the case where some fds have |
|
|
1300 | to be watched and handled very quickly (with low latency), and even |
|
|
1301 | priorities and idle watchers might have too much overhead. In this case |
|
|
1302 | you would put all the high priority stuff in one loop and all the rest in |
|
|
1303 | a second one, and embed the second one in the first. |
|
|
1304 | .PP |
|
|
1305 | As long as the watcher is active, the callback will be invoked every time |
|
|
1306 | there might be events pending in the embedded loop. The callback must then |
|
|
1307 | call \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed_sweep (mainloop, watcher)\*(C'\fR to make a single sweep and invoke |
|
|
1308 | their callbacks (you could also start an idle watcher to give the embedded |
|
|
1309 | loop strictly lower priority for example). You can also set the callback |
|
|
1310 | to \f(CW0\fR, in which case the embed watcher will automatically execute the |
|
|
1311 | embedded loop sweep. |
|
|
1312 | .PP |
|
|
1313 | As long as the watcher is started it will automatically handle events. The |
|
|
1314 | callback will be invoked whenever some events have been handled. You can |
|
|
1315 | set the callback to \f(CW0\fR to avoid having to specify one if you are not |
|
|
1316 | interested in that. |
|
|
1317 | .PP |
|
|
1318 | Also, there have not currently been made special provisions for forking: |
|
|
1319 | when you fork, you not only have to call \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR on both loops, |
|
|
1320 | but you will also have to stop and restart any \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watchers |
|
|
1321 | yourself. |
|
|
1322 | .PP |
|
|
1323 | Unfortunately, not all backends are embeddable, only the ones returned by |
|
|
1324 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_embeddable_backends\*(C'\fR are, which, unfortunately, does not include any |
|
|
1325 | portable one. |
|
|
1326 | .PP |
|
|
1327 | So when you want to use this feature you will always have to be prepared |
|
|
1328 | that you cannot get an embeddable loop. The recommended way to get around |
|
|
1329 | this is to have a separate variables for your embeddable loop, try to |
|
|
1330 | create it, and if that fails, use the normal loop for everything: |
|
|
1331 | .PP |
|
|
1332 | .Vb 3 |
|
|
1333 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_hi = ev_default_init (0); |
|
|
1334 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_lo = 0; |
|
|
1335 | \& struct ev_embed embed; |
|
|
1336 | .Ve |
|
|
1337 | .PP |
|
|
1338 | .Vb 5 |
|
|
1339 | \& // see if there is a chance of getting one that works |
|
|
1340 | \& // (remember that a flags value of 0 means autodetection) |
|
|
1341 | \& loop_lo = ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends () |
|
|
1342 | \& ? ev_loop_new (ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends ()) |
|
|
1343 | \& : 0; |
|
|
1344 | .Ve |
|
|
1345 | .PP |
|
|
1346 | .Vb 8 |
|
|
1347 | \& // if we got one, then embed it, otherwise default to loop_hi |
|
|
1348 | \& if (loop_lo) |
|
|
1349 | \& { |
|
|
1350 | \& ev_embed_init (&embed, 0, loop_lo); |
|
|
1351 | \& ev_embed_start (loop_hi, &embed); |
|
|
1352 | \& } |
|
|
1353 | \& else |
|
|
1354 | \& loop_lo = loop_hi; |
|
|
1355 | .Ve |
|
|
1356 | .IP "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
|
|
1357 | .IX Item "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
|
|
1358 | .PD 0 |
|
|
1359 | .IP "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
|
|
1360 | .IX Item "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
|
|
1361 | .PD |
|
|
1362 | Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
|
|
1363 | embeddable. If the callback is \f(CW0\fR, then \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed_sweep\*(C'\fR will be |
|
|
1364 | invoked automatically, otherwise it is the responsibility of the callback |
|
|
1365 | to invoke it (it will continue to be called until the sweep has been done, |
|
|
1366 | if you do not want thta, you need to temporarily stop the embed watcher). |
|
|
1367 | .IP "ev_embed_sweep (loop, ev_embed *)" 4 |
|
|
1368 | .IX Item "ev_embed_sweep (loop, ev_embed *)" |
|
|
1369 | Make a single, non-blocking sweep over the embedded loop. This works |
|
|
1370 | similarly to \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop (embedded_loop, EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)\*(C'\fR, but in the most |
|
|
1371 | apropriate way for embedded loops. |
1196 | .SH "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
1372 | .SH "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
1197 | .IX Header "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
1373 | .IX Header "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
1198 | There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now. |
1374 | There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now. |
1199 | .IP "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" 4 |
1375 | .IP "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" 4 |
1200 | .IX Item "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" |
1376 | .IX Item "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" |
… | |
… | |
1229 | .Ve |
1405 | .Ve |
1230 | .Sp |
1406 | .Sp |
1231 | .Vb 1 |
1407 | .Vb 1 |
1232 | \& ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ, 10., stdin_ready, 0); |
1408 | \& ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ, 10., stdin_ready, 0); |
1233 | .Ve |
1409 | .Ve |
1234 | .IP "ev_feed_event (loop, watcher, int events)" 4 |
1410 | .IP "ev_feed_event (ev_loop *, watcher *, int revents)" 4 |
1235 | .IX Item "ev_feed_event (loop, watcher, int events)" |
1411 | .IX Item "ev_feed_event (ev_loop *, watcher *, int revents)" |
1236 | Feeds the given event set into the event loop, as if the specified event |
1412 | Feeds the given event set into the event loop, as if the specified event |
1237 | had happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an |
1413 | had happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an |
1238 | initialised but not necessarily started event watcher). |
1414 | initialised but not necessarily started event watcher). |
1239 | .IP "ev_feed_fd_event (loop, int fd, int revents)" 4 |
1415 | .IP "ev_feed_fd_event (ev_loop *, int fd, int revents)" 4 |
1240 | .IX Item "ev_feed_fd_event (loop, int fd, int revents)" |
1416 | .IX Item "ev_feed_fd_event (ev_loop *, int fd, int revents)" |
1241 | Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected |
1417 | Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected |
1242 | the given events it. |
1418 | the given events it. |
1243 | .IP "ev_feed_signal_event (loop, int signum)" 4 |
1419 | .IP "ev_feed_signal_event (ev_loop *loop, int signum)" 4 |
1244 | .IX Item "ev_feed_signal_event (loop, int signum)" |
1420 | .IX Item "ev_feed_signal_event (ev_loop *loop, int signum)" |
1245 | Feed an event as if the given signal occured (loop must be the default loop!). |
1421 | Feed an event as if the given signal occured (\f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR must be the default |
|
|
1422 | loop!). |
1246 | .SH "LIBEVENT EMULATION" |
1423 | .SH "LIBEVENT EMULATION" |
1247 | .IX Header "LIBEVENT EMULATION" |
1424 | .IX Header "LIBEVENT EMULATION" |
1248 | Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1425 | Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1249 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints: |
1426 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints: |
1250 | .IP "* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual." 4 |
1427 | .IP "* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual." 4 |
… | |
… | |
1261 | .IP "* The libev emulation is \fInot\fR \s-1ABI\s0 compatible to libevent, you need to use the libev header file and library." 4 |
1438 | .IP "* The libev emulation is \fInot\fR \s-1ABI\s0 compatible to libevent, you need to use the libev header file and library." 4 |
1262 | .IX Item "The libev emulation is not ABI compatible to libevent, you need to use the libev header file and library." |
1439 | .IX Item "The libev emulation is not ABI compatible to libevent, you need to use the libev header file and library." |
1263 | .PD |
1440 | .PD |
1264 | .SH "\*(C+ SUPPORT" |
1441 | .SH "\*(C+ SUPPORT" |
1265 | .IX Header " SUPPORT" |
1442 | .IX Header " SUPPORT" |
1266 | \&\s-1TBD\s0. |
1443 | Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for \*(C+ that mainly allow |
|
|
1444 | you to use some convinience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
|
|
1445 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects. |
|
|
1446 | .PP |
|
|
1447 | To use it, |
|
|
1448 | .PP |
|
|
1449 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
1450 | \& #include <ev++.h> |
|
|
1451 | .Ve |
|
|
1452 | .PP |
|
|
1453 | (it is not installed by default). This automatically includes \fIev.h\fR |
|
|
1454 | and puts all of its definitions (many of them macros) into the global |
|
|
1455 | namespace. All \*(C+ specific things are put into the \f(CW\*(C`ev\*(C'\fR namespace. |
|
|
1456 | .PP |
|
|
1457 | It should support all the same embedding options as \fIev.h\fR, most notably |
|
|
1458 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_MULTIPLICITY\*(C'\fR. |
|
|
1459 | .PP |
|
|
1460 | Here is a list of things available in the \f(CW\*(C`ev\*(C'\fR namespace: |
|
|
1461 | .ie n .IP """ev::READ""\fR, \f(CW""ev::WRITE"" etc." 4 |
|
|
1462 | .el .IP "\f(CWev::READ\fR, \f(CWev::WRITE\fR etc." 4 |
|
|
1463 | .IX Item "ev::READ, ev::WRITE etc." |
|
|
1464 | These are just enum values with the same values as the \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR etc. |
|
|
1465 | macros from \fIev.h\fR. |
|
|
1466 | .ie n .IP """ev::tstamp""\fR, \f(CW""ev::now""" 4 |
|
|
1467 | .el .IP "\f(CWev::tstamp\fR, \f(CWev::now\fR" 4 |
|
|
1468 | .IX Item "ev::tstamp, ev::now" |
|
|
1469 | Aliases to the same types/functions as with the \f(CW\*(C`ev_\*(C'\fR prefix. |
|
|
1470 | .ie n .IP """ev::io""\fR, \f(CW""ev::timer""\fR, \f(CW""ev::periodic""\fR, \f(CW""ev::idle""\fR, \f(CW""ev::sig"" etc." 4 |
|
|
1471 | .el .IP "\f(CWev::io\fR, \f(CWev::timer\fR, \f(CWev::periodic\fR, \f(CWev::idle\fR, \f(CWev::sig\fR etc." 4 |
|
|
1472 | .IX Item "ev::io, ev::timer, ev::periodic, ev::idle, ev::sig etc." |
|
|
1473 | For each \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE\*(C'\fR watcher in \fIev.h\fR there is a corresponding class of |
|
|
1474 | the same name in the \f(CW\*(C`ev\*(C'\fR namespace, with the exception of \f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR |
|
|
1475 | which is called \f(CW\*(C`ev::sig\*(C'\fR to avoid clashes with the \f(CW\*(C`signal\*(C'\fR macro |
|
|
1476 | defines by many implementations. |
|
|
1477 | .Sp |
|
|
1478 | All of those classes have these methods: |
|
|
1479 | .RS 4 |
|
|
1480 | .IP "ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *)" 4 |
|
|
1481 | .IX Item "ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *)" |
|
|
1482 | .PD 0 |
|
|
1483 | .IP "ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *, struct ev_loop *)" 4 |
|
|
1484 | .IX Item "ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *, struct ev_loop *)" |
|
|
1485 | .IP "ev::TYPE::~TYPE" 4 |
|
|
1486 | .IX Item "ev::TYPE::~TYPE" |
|
|
1487 | .PD |
|
|
1488 | The constructor takes a pointer to an object and a method pointer to |
|
|
1489 | the event handler callback to call in this class. The constructor calls |
|
|
1490 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR for you, which means you have to call the \f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR method |
|
|
1491 | before starting it. If you do not specify a loop then the constructor |
|
|
1492 | automatically associates the default loop with this watcher. |
|
|
1493 | .Sp |
|
|
1494 | The destructor automatically stops the watcher if it is active. |
|
|
1495 | .IP "w\->set (struct ev_loop *)" 4 |
|
|
1496 | .IX Item "w->set (struct ev_loop *)" |
|
|
1497 | Associates a different \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop\*(C'\fR with this watcher. You can only |
|
|
1498 | do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either). |
|
|
1499 | .IP "w\->set ([args])" 4 |
|
|
1500 | .IX Item "w->set ([args])" |
|
|
1501 | Basically the same as \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR, with the same args. Must be |
|
|
1502 | called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher gets |
|
|
1503 | automatically stopped and restarted. |
|
|
1504 | .IP "w\->start ()" 4 |
|
|
1505 | .IX Item "w->start ()" |
|
|
1506 | Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument as the |
|
|
1507 | constructor already takes the loop. |
|
|
1508 | .IP "w\->stop ()" 4 |
|
|
1509 | .IX Item "w->stop ()" |
|
|
1510 | Stops the watcher if it is active. Again, no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument. |
|
|
1511 | .ie n .IP "w\->again () ""ev::timer""\fR, \f(CW""ev::periodic"" only" 4 |
|
|
1512 | .el .IP "w\->again () \f(CWev::timer\fR, \f(CWev::periodic\fR only" 4 |
|
|
1513 | .IX Item "w->again () ev::timer, ev::periodic only" |
|
|
1514 | For \f(CW\*(C`ev::timer\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev::periodic\*(C'\fR, this invokes the corresponding |
|
|
1515 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_again\*(C'\fR function. |
|
|
1516 | .ie n .IP "w\->sweep () ""ev::embed"" only" 4 |
|
|
1517 | .el .IP "w\->sweep () \f(CWev::embed\fR only" 4 |
|
|
1518 | .IX Item "w->sweep () ev::embed only" |
|
|
1519 | Invokes \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed_sweep\*(C'\fR. |
|
|
1520 | .RE |
|
|
1521 | .RS 4 |
|
|
1522 | .RE |
|
|
1523 | .PP |
|
|
1524 | Example: Define a class with an \s-1IO\s0 and idle watcher, start one of them in |
|
|
1525 | the constructor. |
|
|
1526 | .PP |
|
|
1527 | .Vb 4 |
|
|
1528 | \& class myclass |
|
|
1529 | \& { |
|
|
1530 | \& ev_io io; void io_cb (ev::io &w, int revents); |
|
|
1531 | \& ev_idle idle void idle_cb (ev::idle &w, int revents); |
|
|
1532 | .Ve |
|
|
1533 | .PP |
|
|
1534 | .Vb 2 |
|
|
1535 | \& myclass (); |
|
|
1536 | \& } |
|
|
1537 | .Ve |
|
|
1538 | .PP |
|
|
1539 | .Vb 6 |
|
|
1540 | \& myclass::myclass (int fd) |
|
|
1541 | \& : io (this, &myclass::io_cb), |
|
|
1542 | \& idle (this, &myclass::idle_cb) |
|
|
1543 | \& { |
|
|
1544 | \& io.start (fd, ev::READ); |
|
|
1545 | \& } |
|
|
1546 | .Ve |
|
|
1547 | .SH "EMBEDDING" |
|
|
1548 | .IX Header "EMBEDDING" |
|
|
1549 | Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host |
|
|
1550 | applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra |
|
|
1551 | Game Server, the \s-1EV\s0 perl module, the \s-1GNU\s0 Virtual Private Ethernet (gvpe) |
|
|
1552 | and rxvt\-unicode. |
|
|
1553 | .PP |
|
|
1554 | The goal is to enable you to just copy the neecssary files into your |
|
|
1555 | source directory without having to change even a single line in them, so |
|
|
1556 | you can easily upgrade by simply copying (or having a checked-out copy of |
|
|
1557 | libev somewhere in your source tree). |
|
|
1558 | .Sh "\s-1FILESETS\s0" |
|
|
1559 | .IX Subsection "FILESETS" |
|
|
1560 | Depending on what features you need you need to include one or more sets of files |
|
|
1561 | in your app. |
|
|
1562 | .PP |
|
|
1563 | \fI\s-1CORE\s0 \s-1EVENT\s0 \s-1LOOP\s0\fR |
|
|
1564 | .IX Subsection "CORE EVENT LOOP" |
|
|
1565 | .PP |
|
|
1566 | To include only the libev core (all the \f(CW\*(C`ev_*\*(C'\fR functions), with manual |
|
|
1567 | configuration (no autoconf): |
|
|
1568 | .PP |
|
|
1569 | .Vb 2 |
|
|
1570 | \& #define EV_STANDALONE 1 |
|
|
1571 | \& #include "ev.c" |
|
|
1572 | .Ve |
|
|
1573 | .PP |
|
|
1574 | This will automatically include \fIev.h\fR, too, and should be done in a |
|
|
1575 | single C source file only to provide the function implementations. To use |
|
|
1576 | it, do the same for \fIev.h\fR in all files wishing to use this \s-1API\s0 (best |
|
|
1577 | done by writing a wrapper around \fIev.h\fR that you can include instead and |
|
|
1578 | where you can put other configuration options): |
|
|
1579 | .PP |
|
|
1580 | .Vb 2 |
|
|
1581 | \& #define EV_STANDALONE 1 |
|
|
1582 | \& #include "ev.h" |
|
|
1583 | .Ve |
|
|
1584 | .PP |
|
|
1585 | Both header files and implementation files can be compiled with a \*(C+ |
|
|
1586 | compiler (at least, thats a stated goal, and breakage will be treated |
|
|
1587 | as a bug). |
|
|
1588 | .PP |
|
|
1589 | You need the following files in your source tree, or in a directory |
|
|
1590 | in your include path (e.g. in libev/ when using \-Ilibev): |
|
|
1591 | .PP |
|
|
1592 | .Vb 4 |
|
|
1593 | \& ev.h |
|
|
1594 | \& ev.c |
|
|
1595 | \& ev_vars.h |
|
|
1596 | \& ev_wrap.h |
|
|
1597 | .Ve |
|
|
1598 | .PP |
|
|
1599 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
1600 | \& ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
|
|
1601 | .Ve |
|
|
1602 | .PP |
|
|
1603 | .Vb 5 |
|
|
1604 | \& ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is by default) |
|
|
1605 | \& ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
|
|
1606 | \& ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
|
|
1607 | \& ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
|
|
1608 | \& ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
|
|
1609 | .Ve |
|
|
1610 | .PP |
|
|
1611 | \&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need |
|
|
1612 | to compile this single file. |
|
|
1613 | .PP |
|
|
1614 | \fI\s-1LIBEVENT\s0 \s-1COMPATIBILITY\s0 \s-1API\s0\fR |
|
|
1615 | .IX Subsection "LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API" |
|
|
1616 | .PP |
|
|
1617 | To include the libevent compatibility \s-1API\s0, also include: |
|
|
1618 | .PP |
|
|
1619 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
1620 | \& #include "event.c" |
|
|
1621 | .Ve |
|
|
1622 | .PP |
|
|
1623 | in the file including \fIev.c\fR, and: |
|
|
1624 | .PP |
|
|
1625 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
1626 | \& #include "event.h" |
|
|
1627 | .Ve |
|
|
1628 | .PP |
|
|
1629 | in the files that want to use the libevent \s-1API\s0. This also includes \fIev.h\fR. |
|
|
1630 | .PP |
|
|
1631 | You need the following additional files for this: |
|
|
1632 | .PP |
|
|
1633 | .Vb 2 |
|
|
1634 | \& event.h |
|
|
1635 | \& event.c |
|
|
1636 | .Ve |
|
|
1637 | .PP |
|
|
1638 | \fI\s-1AUTOCONF\s0 \s-1SUPPORT\s0\fR |
|
|
1639 | .IX Subsection "AUTOCONF SUPPORT" |
|
|
1640 | .PP |
|
|
1641 | Instead of using \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE=1\*(C'\fR and providing your config in |
|
|
1642 | whatever way you want, you can also \f(CW\*(C`m4_include([libev.m4])\*(C'\fR in your |
|
|
1643 | \&\fIconfigure.ac\fR and leave \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE\*(C'\fR undefined. \fIev.c\fR will then |
|
|
1644 | include \fIconfig.h\fR and configure itself accordingly. |
|
|
1645 | .PP |
|
|
1646 | For this of course you need the m4 file: |
|
|
1647 | .PP |
|
|
1648 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
1649 | \& libev.m4 |
|
|
1650 | .Ve |
|
|
1651 | .Sh "\s-1PREPROCESSOR\s0 \s-1SYMBOLS/MACROS\s0" |
|
|
1652 | .IX Subsection "PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS" |
|
|
1653 | Libev can be configured via a variety of preprocessor symbols you have to define |
|
|
1654 | before including any of its files. The default is not to build for multiplicity |
|
|
1655 | and only include the select backend. |
|
|
1656 | .IP "\s-1EV_STANDALONE\s0" 4 |
|
|
1657 | .IX Item "EV_STANDALONE" |
|
|
1658 | Must always be \f(CW1\fR if you do not use autoconf configuration, which |
|
|
1659 | keeps libev from including \fIconfig.h\fR, and it also defines dummy |
|
|
1660 | implementations for some libevent functions (such as logging, which is not |
|
|
1661 | supported). It will also not define any of the structs usually found in |
|
|
1662 | \&\fIevent.h\fR that are not directly supported by the libev core alone. |
|
|
1663 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_MONOTONIC\s0" 4 |
|
|
1664 | .IX Item "EV_USE_MONOTONIC" |
|
|
1665 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will try to detect the availability of the |
|
|
1666 | monotonic clock option at both compiletime and runtime. Otherwise no use |
|
|
1667 | of the monotonic clock option will be attempted. If you enable this, you |
|
|
1668 | usually have to link against librt or something similar. Enabling it when |
|
|
1669 | the functionality isn't available is safe, though, althoguh you have |
|
|
1670 | to make sure you link against any libraries where the \f(CW\*(C`clock_gettime\*(C'\fR |
|
|
1671 | function is hiding in (often \fI\-lrt\fR). |
|
|
1672 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_REALTIME\s0" 4 |
|
|
1673 | .IX Item "EV_USE_REALTIME" |
|
|
1674 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will try to detect the availability of the |
|
|
1675 | realtime clock option at compiletime (and assume its availability at |
|
|
1676 | runtime if successful). Otherwise no use of the realtime clock option will |
|
|
1677 | be attempted. This effectively replaces \f(CW\*(C`gettimeofday\*(C'\fR by \f(CW\*(C`clock_get |
|
|
1678 | (CLOCK_REALTIME, ...)\*(C'\fR and will not normally affect correctness. See tzhe note about libraries |
|
|
1679 | in the description of \f(CW\*(C`EV_USE_MONOTONIC\*(C'\fR, though. |
|
|
1680 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_SELECT\s0" 4 |
|
|
1681 | .IX Item "EV_USE_SELECT" |
|
|
1682 | If undefined or defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the |
|
|
1683 | \&\f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR(2) backend. No attempt at autodetection will be done: if no |
|
|
1684 | other method takes over, select will be it. Otherwise the select backend |
|
|
1685 | will not be compiled in. |
|
|
1686 | .IP "\s-1EV_SELECT_USE_FD_SET\s0" 4 |
|
|
1687 | .IX Item "EV_SELECT_USE_FD_SET" |
|
|
1688 | If defined to \f(CW1\fR, then the select backend will use the system \f(CW\*(C`fd_set\*(C'\fR |
|
|
1689 | structure. This is useful if libev doesn't compile due to a missing |
|
|
1690 | \&\f(CW\*(C`NFDBITS\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`fd_mask\*(C'\fR definition or it misguesses the bitset layout on |
|
|
1691 | exotic systems. This usually limits the range of file descriptors to some |
|
|
1692 | low limit such as 1024 or might have other limitations (winsocket only |
|
|
1693 | allows 64 sockets). The \f(CW\*(C`FD_SETSIZE\*(C'\fR macro, set before compilation, might |
|
|
1694 | influence the size of the \f(CW\*(C`fd_set\*(C'\fR used. |
|
|
1695 | .IP "\s-1EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET\s0" 4 |
|
|
1696 | .IX Item "EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET" |
|
|
1697 | When defined to \f(CW1\fR, the select backend will assume that |
|
|
1698 | select/socket/connect etc. don't understand file descriptors but |
|
|
1699 | wants osf handles on win32 (this is the case when the select to |
|
|
1700 | be used is the winsock select). This means that it will call |
|
|
1701 | \&\f(CW\*(C`_get_osfhandle\*(C'\fR on the fd to convert it to an \s-1OS\s0 handle. Otherwise, |
|
|
1702 | it is assumed that all these functions actually work on fds, even |
|
|
1703 | on win32. Should not be defined on non\-win32 platforms. |
|
|
1704 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_POLL\s0" 4 |
|
|
1705 | .IX Item "EV_USE_POLL" |
|
|
1706 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR(2) |
|
|
1707 | backend. Otherwise it will be enabled on non\-win32 platforms. It |
|
|
1708 | takes precedence over select. |
|
|
1709 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_EPOLL\s0" 4 |
|
|
1710 | .IX Item "EV_USE_EPOLL" |
|
|
1711 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux |
|
|
1712 | \&\f(CW\*(C`epoll\*(C'\fR(7) backend. Its availability will be detected at runtime, |
|
|
1713 | otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the |
|
|
1714 | preferred backend for GNU/Linux systems. |
|
|
1715 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_KQUEUE\s0" 4 |
|
|
1716 | .IX Item "EV_USE_KQUEUE" |
|
|
1717 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \s-1BSD\s0 style |
|
|
1718 | \&\f(CW\*(C`kqueue\*(C'\fR(2) backend. Its actual availability will be detected at runtime, |
|
|
1719 | otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred |
|
|
1720 | backend for \s-1BSD\s0 and BSD-like systems, although on most BSDs kqueue only |
|
|
1721 | supports some types of fds correctly (the only platform we found that |
|
|
1722 | supports ptys for example was NetBSD), so kqueue might be compiled in, but |
|
|
1723 | not be used unless explicitly requested. The best way to use it is to find |
|
|
1724 | out whether kqueue supports your type of fd properly and use an embedded |
|
|
1725 | kqueue loop. |
|
|
1726 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_PORT\s0" 4 |
|
|
1727 | .IX Item "EV_USE_PORT" |
|
|
1728 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Solaris |
|
|
1729 | 10 port style backend. Its availability will be detected at runtime, |
|
|
1730 | otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred |
|
|
1731 | backend for Solaris 10 systems. |
|
|
1732 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_DEVPOLL\s0" 4 |
|
|
1733 | .IX Item "EV_USE_DEVPOLL" |
|
|
1734 | reserved for future expansion, works like the \s-1USE\s0 symbols above. |
|
|
1735 | .IP "\s-1EV_H\s0" 4 |
|
|
1736 | .IX Item "EV_H" |
|
|
1737 | The name of the \fIev.h\fR header file used to include it. The default if |
|
|
1738 | undefined is \f(CW\*(C`<ev.h>\*(C'\fR in \fIevent.h\fR and \f(CW"ev.h"\fR in \fIev.c\fR. This |
|
|
1739 | can be used to virtually rename the \fIev.h\fR header file in case of conflicts. |
|
|
1740 | .IP "\s-1EV_CONFIG_H\s0" 4 |
|
|
1741 | .IX Item "EV_CONFIG_H" |
|
|
1742 | If \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE\*(C'\fR isn't \f(CW1\fR, this variable can be used to override |
|
|
1743 | \&\fIev.c\fR's idea of where to find the \fIconfig.h\fR file, similarly to |
|
|
1744 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_H\*(C'\fR, above. |
|
|
1745 | .IP "\s-1EV_EVENT_H\s0" 4 |
|
|
1746 | .IX Item "EV_EVENT_H" |
|
|
1747 | Similarly to \f(CW\*(C`EV_H\*(C'\fR, this macro can be used to override \fIevent.c\fR's idea |
|
|
1748 | of how the \fIevent.h\fR header can be found. |
|
|
1749 | .IP "\s-1EV_PROTOTYPES\s0" 4 |
|
|
1750 | .IX Item "EV_PROTOTYPES" |
|
|
1751 | If defined to be \f(CW0\fR, then \fIev.h\fR will not define any function |
|
|
1752 | prototypes, but still define all the structs and other symbols. This is |
|
|
1753 | occasionally useful if you want to provide your own wrapper functions |
|
|
1754 | around libev functions. |
|
|
1755 | .IP "\s-1EV_MULTIPLICITY\s0" 4 |
|
|
1756 | .IX Item "EV_MULTIPLICITY" |
|
|
1757 | If undefined or defined to \f(CW1\fR, then all event-loop-specific functions |
|
|
1758 | will have the \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR as first argument, and you can create |
|
|
1759 | additional independent event loops. Otherwise there will be no support |
|
|
1760 | for multiple event loops and there is no first event loop pointer |
|
|
1761 | argument. Instead, all functions act on the single default loop. |
|
|
1762 | .IP "\s-1EV_PERIODICS\s0" 4 |
|
|
1763 | .IX Item "EV_PERIODICS" |
|
|
1764 | If undefined or defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then periodic timers are supported, |
|
|
1765 | otherwise not. This saves a few kb of code. |
|
|
1766 | .IP "\s-1EV_COMMON\s0" 4 |
|
|
1767 | .IX Item "EV_COMMON" |
|
|
1768 | By default, all watchers have a \f(CW\*(C`void *data\*(C'\fR member. By redefining |
|
|
1769 | this macro to a something else you can include more and other types of |
|
|
1770 | members. You have to define it each time you include one of the files, |
|
|
1771 | though, and it must be identical each time. |
|
|
1772 | .Sp |
|
|
1773 | For example, the perl \s-1EV\s0 module uses something like this: |
|
|
1774 | .Sp |
|
|
1775 | .Vb 3 |
|
|
1776 | \& #define EV_COMMON \e |
|
|
1777 | \& SV *self; /* contains this struct */ \e |
|
|
1778 | \& SV *cb_sv, *fh /* note no trailing ";" */ |
|
|
1779 | .Ve |
|
|
1780 | .IP "\s-1EV_CB_DECLARE\s0(type)" 4 |
|
|
1781 | .IX Item "EV_CB_DECLARE(type)" |
|
|
1782 | .PD 0 |
|
|
1783 | .IP "\s-1EV_CB_INVOKE\s0(watcher,revents)" 4 |
|
|
1784 | .IX Item "EV_CB_INVOKE(watcher,revents)" |
|
|
1785 | .IP "ev_set_cb(ev,cb)" 4 |
|
|
1786 | .IX Item "ev_set_cb(ev,cb)" |
|
|
1787 | .PD |
|
|
1788 | Can be used to change the callback member declaration in each watcher, |
|
|
1789 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
|
|
1790 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the \fIev.v\fR header file for |
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1791 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
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1792 | avoid the ev_loop pointer as first argument in all cases, or to use method |
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1793 | calls instead of plain function calls in \*(C+. |
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1794 | .Sh "\s-1EXAMPLES\s0" |
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1795 | .IX Subsection "EXAMPLES" |
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1796 | For a real-world example of a program the includes libev |
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1797 | verbatim, you can have a look at the \s-1EV\s0 perl module |
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1798 | (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/EV.html>). It has the libev files in |
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1799 | the \fIlibev/\fR subdirectory and includes them in the \fI\s-1EV/EVAPI\s0.h\fR (public |
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1800 | interface) and \fI\s-1EV\s0.xs\fR (implementation) files. Only the \fI\s-1EV\s0.xs\fR file |
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1801 | will be compiled. It is pretty complex because it provides its own header |
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1802 | file. |
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1803 | .Sp |
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1804 | The usage in rxvt-unicode is simpler. It has a \fIev_cpp.h\fR header file |
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1805 | that everybody includes and which overrides some autoconf choices: |
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1806 | .Sp |
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1807 | .Vb 4 |
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1808 | \& #define EV_USE_POLL 0 |
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1809 | \& #define EV_MULTIPLICITY 0 |
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1810 | \& #define EV_PERIODICS 0 |
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1811 | \& #define EV_CONFIG_H <config.h> |
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1812 | .Ve |
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1813 | .Sp |
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1814 | .Vb 1 |
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1815 | \& #include "ev++.h" |
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1816 | .Ve |
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1817 | .Sp |
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1818 | And a \fIev_cpp.C\fR implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled: |
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1819 | .Sp |
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1820 | .Vb 2 |
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1821 | \& #include "ev_cpp.h" |
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1822 | \& #include "ev.c" |
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1823 | .Ve |
1267 | .SH "AUTHOR" |
1824 | .SH "AUTHOR" |
1268 | .IX Header "AUTHOR" |
1825 | .IX Header "AUTHOR" |
1269 | Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>. |
1826 | Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>. |