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4 | <head> |
4 | <head> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
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9 | <meta name="created" content="Sat Nov 24 11:15:15 2007" /> |
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13 | <div class="pod"> |
13 | <div class="pod"> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
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21 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
21 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
24 | <li><a href="#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</a></li> |
24 | <li><a href="#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</a></li> |
25 | <li><a href="#ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</a> |
25 | <li><a href="#ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</a> |
26 | <ul><li><a href="#SUMMARY_OF_GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">SUMMARY OF GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
26 | <ul><li><a href="#GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
27 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
27 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
28 | </ul> |
28 | </ul> |
29 | </li> |
29 | </li> |
30 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
30 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
31 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable</a></li> |
31 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</a></li> |
32 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally recurring timeouts</a></li> |
32 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</a></li> |
33 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron</a></li> |
33 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</a></li> |
34 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled</a></li> |
34 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</a></li> |
35 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_wait_for_pid_stat"><code>ev_child</code> - wait for pid status changes</a></li> |
35 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</a></li> |
36 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do</a></li> |
36 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</a></li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop</a></li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</a></li> |
38 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough</a></li> |
38 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</a></li> |
39 | </ul> |
39 | </ul> |
40 | </li> |
40 | </li> |
41 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
41 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
42 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
42 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
43 | <li><a href="#C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</a></li> |
43 | <li><a href="#C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</a></li> |
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50 | </li> |
50 | </li> |
51 | <li><a href="#PREPROCESSOR_SYMBOLS_MACROS">PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS</a></li> |
51 | <li><a href="#PREPROCESSOR_SYMBOLS_MACROS">PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS</a></li> |
52 | <li><a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li> |
52 | <li><a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></li> |
53 | </ul> |
53 | </ul> |
54 | </li> |
54 | </li> |
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55 | <li><a href="#COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</a></li> |
55 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
56 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
56 | </li> |
57 | </li> |
57 | </ul><hr /> |
58 | </ul><hr /> |
58 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
59 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
59 | |
60 | |
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513 | |
514 | |
514 | </pre> |
515 | </pre> |
515 | </dd> |
516 | </dd> |
516 | </dl> |
517 | </dl> |
517 | |
518 | |
|
|
519 | |
|
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520 | |
|
|
521 | |
|
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522 | |
518 | </div> |
523 | </div> |
519 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
524 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
520 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
525 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
521 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
526 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
522 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
527 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
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612 | programs, though, so beware.</p> |
617 | programs, though, so beware.</p> |
613 | </dd> |
618 | </dd> |
614 | </dl> |
619 | </dl> |
615 | |
620 | |
616 | </div> |
621 | </div> |
617 | <h2 id="SUMMARY_OF_GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">SUMMARY OF GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</h2> |
622 | <h2 id="GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</h2> |
618 | <div id="SUMMARY_OF_GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS-2"> |
623 | <div id="GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
619 | <p>In the following description, <code>TYPE</code> stands for the watcher type, |
624 | <p>In the following description, <code>TYPE</code> stands for the watcher type, |
620 | e.g. <code>timer</code> for <code>ev_timer</code> watchers and <code>io</code> for <code>ev_io</code> watchers.</p> |
625 | e.g. <code>timer</code> for <code>ev_timer</code> watchers and <code>io</code> for <code>ev_io</code> watchers.</p> |
621 | <dl> |
626 | <dl> |
622 | <dt><code>ev_init</code> (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
627 | <dt><code>ev_init</code> (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
623 | <dd> |
628 | <dd> |
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… | |
627 | the type-specific <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> macro afterwards to initialise the |
632 | the type-specific <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> macro afterwards to initialise the |
628 | type-specific parts. For each type there is also a <code>ev_TYPE_init</code> macro |
633 | type-specific parts. For each type there is also a <code>ev_TYPE_init</code> macro |
629 | which rolls both calls into one.</p> |
634 | which rolls both calls into one.</p> |
630 | <p>You can reinitialise a watcher at any time as long as it has been stopped |
635 | <p>You can reinitialise a watcher at any time as long as it has been stopped |
631 | (or never started) and there are no pending events outstanding.</p> |
636 | (or never started) and there are no pending events outstanding.</p> |
632 | <p>The callbakc is always of type <code>void (*)(ev_loop *loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, |
637 | <p>The callback is always of type <code>void (*)(ev_loop *loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, |
633 | int revents)</code>.</p> |
638 | int revents)</code>.</p> |
634 | </dd> |
639 | </dd> |
635 | <dt><code>ev_TYPE_set</code> (ev_TYPE *, [args])</dt> |
640 | <dt><code>ev_TYPE_set</code> (ev_TYPE *, [args])</dt> |
636 | <dd> |
641 | <dd> |
637 | <p>This macro initialises the type-specific parts of a watcher. You need to |
642 | <p>This macro initialises the type-specific parts of a watcher. You need to |
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734 | |
739 | |
735 | |
740 | |
736 | |
741 | |
737 | |
742 | |
738 | </div> |
743 | </div> |
739 | <h2 id="code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable</h2> |
744 | <h2 id="code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</h2> |
740 | <div id="code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip-2"> |
745 | <div id="code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip-2"> |
741 | <p>I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable |
746 | <p>I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable |
742 | in each iteration of the event loop (This behaviour is called |
747 | in each iteration of the event loop, or, more precisely, when reading |
743 | level-triggering because you keep receiving events as long as the |
748 | would not block the process and writing would at least be able to write |
744 | condition persists. Remember you can stop the watcher if you don't want to |
749 | some data. This behaviour is called level-triggering because you keep |
745 | act on the event and neither want to receive future events).</p> |
750 | receiving events as long as the condition persists. Remember you can stop |
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751 | the watcher if you don't want to act on the event and neither want to |
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752 | receive future events.</p> |
746 | <p>In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers per |
753 | <p>In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers per |
747 | fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file |
754 | fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file |
748 | descriptors to non-blocking mode is also usually a good idea (but not |
755 | descriptors to non-blocking mode is also usually a good idea (but not |
749 | required if you know what you are doing).</p> |
756 | required if you know what you are doing).</p> |
750 | <p>You have to be careful with dup'ed file descriptors, though. Some backends |
757 | <p>You have to be careful with dup'ed file descriptors, though. Some backends |
751 | (the linux epoll backend is a notable example) cannot handle dup'ed file |
758 | (the linux epoll backend is a notable example) cannot handle dup'ed file |
752 | descriptors correctly if you register interest in two or more fds pointing |
759 | descriptors correctly if you register interest in two or more fds pointing |
753 | to the same underlying file/socket etc. description (that is, they share |
760 | to the same underlying file/socket/etc. description (that is, they share |
754 | the same underlying "file open").</p> |
761 | the same underlying "file open").</p> |
755 | <p>If you must do this, then force the use of a known-to-be-good backend |
762 | <p>If you must do this, then force the use of a known-to-be-good backend |
756 | (at the time of this writing, this includes only <code>EVBACKEND_SELECT</code> and |
763 | (at the time of this writing, this includes only <code>EVBACKEND_SELECT</code> and |
757 | <code>EVBACKEND_POLL</code>).</p> |
764 | <code>EVBACKEND_POLL</code>).</p> |
|
|
765 | <p>Another thing you have to watch out for is that it is quite easy to |
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|
766 | receive "spurious" readyness notifications, that is your callback might |
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|
767 | be called with <code>EV_READ</code> but a subsequent <code>read</code>(2) will actually block |
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|
768 | because there is no data. Not only are some backends known to create a |
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769 | lot of those (for example solaris ports), it is very easy to get into |
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|
770 | this situation even with a relatively standard program structure. Thus |
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|
771 | it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra <code>read</code>(2) returning |
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|
772 | <code>EAGAIN</code> is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives.</p> |
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|
773 | <p>If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
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|
774 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
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|
775 | wether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
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|
776 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
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|
777 | its own, so its quite safe to use).</p> |
758 | <dl> |
778 | <dl> |
759 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
779 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
760 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
780 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
761 | <dd> |
781 | <dd> |
762 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The fd is the file descriptor to rceeive |
782 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The <code>fd</code> is the file descriptor to |
763 | events for and events is either <code>EV_READ</code>, <code>EV_WRITE</code> or <code>EV_READ | |
783 | rceeive events for and events is either <code>EV_READ</code>, <code>EV_WRITE</code> or |
764 | EV_WRITE</code> to receive the given events.</p> |
784 | <code>EV_READ | EV_WRITE</code> to receive the given events.</p> |
765 | <p>Please note that most of the more scalable backend mechanisms (for example |
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|
766 | epoll and solaris ports) can result in spurious readyness notifications |
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|
767 | for file descriptors, so you practically need to use non-blocking I/O (and |
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768 | treat callback invocation as hint only), or retest separately with a safe |
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769 | interface before doing I/O (XLib can do this), or force the use of either |
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|
770 | <code>EVBACKEND_SELECT</code> or <code>EVBACKEND_POLL</code>, which don't suffer from this |
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|
771 | problem. Also note that it is quite easy to have your callback invoked |
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772 | when the readyness condition is no longer valid even when employing |
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773 | typical ways of handling events, so its a good idea to use non-blocking |
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774 | I/O unconditionally.</p> |
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|
775 | </dd> |
785 | </dd> |
776 | </dl> |
786 | </dl> |
777 | <p>Example: call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
787 | <p>Example: call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
778 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
788 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
779 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback:</p> |
789 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback:</p> |
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795 | |
805 | |
796 | |
806 | |
797 | </pre> |
807 | </pre> |
798 | |
808 | |
799 | </div> |
809 | </div> |
800 | <h2 id="code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally recurring timeouts</h2> |
810 | <h2 id="code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</h2> |
801 | <div id="code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti-2"> |
811 | <div id="code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti-2"> |
802 | <p>Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a |
812 | <p>Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a |
803 | given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that.</p> |
813 | given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that.</p> |
804 | <p>The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that |
814 | <p>The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that |
805 | times out after an hour and you reset your system clock to last years |
815 | times out after an hour and you reset your system clock to last years |
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881 | |
891 | |
882 | |
892 | |
883 | </pre> |
893 | </pre> |
884 | |
894 | |
885 | </div> |
895 | </div> |
886 | <h2 id="code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron</h2> |
896 | <h2 id="code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</h2> |
887 | <div id="code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not-2"> |
897 | <div id="code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not-2"> |
888 | <p>Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
898 | <p>Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
889 | (and unfortunately a bit complex).</p> |
899 | (and unfortunately a bit complex).</p> |
890 | <p>Unlike <code>ev_timer</code>'s, they are not based on real time (or relative time) |
900 | <p>Unlike <code>ev_timer</code>'s, they are not based on real time (or relative time) |
891 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
901 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
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… | |
1010 | |
1020 | |
1011 | |
1021 | |
1012 | </pre> |
1022 | </pre> |
1013 | |
1023 | |
1014 | </div> |
1024 | </div> |
1015 | <h2 id="code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled</h2> |
1025 | <h2 id="code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</h2> |
1016 | <div id="code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a-2"> |
1026 | <div id="code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a-2"> |
1017 | <p>Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific |
1027 | <p>Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific |
1018 | signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev |
1028 | signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev |
1019 | will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the |
1029 | will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the |
1020 | normal event processing, like any other event.</p> |
1030 | normal event processing, like any other event.</p> |
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1036 | |
1046 | |
1037 | |
1047 | |
1038 | |
1048 | |
1039 | |
1049 | |
1040 | </div> |
1050 | </div> |
1041 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_wait_for_pid_stat"><code>ev_child</code> - wait for pid status changes</h2> |
1051 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</h2> |
1042 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_wait_for_pid_stat-2"> |
1052 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro-2"> |
1043 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1053 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1044 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
1054 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
1045 | <dl> |
1055 | <dl> |
1046 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1056 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1047 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
1057 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
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1069 | |
1079 | |
1070 | |
1080 | |
1071 | </pre> |
1081 | </pre> |
1072 | |
1082 | |
1073 | </div> |
1083 | </div> |
1074 | <h2 id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do</h2> |
1084 | <h2 id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</h2> |
1075 | <div id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no-2"> |
1085 | <div id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no-2"> |
1076 | <p>Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending |
1086 | <p>Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending |
1077 | (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long |
1087 | (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long |
1078 | as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, |
1088 | as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, |
1079 | imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle |
1089 | imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle |
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1112 | |
1122 | |
1113 | |
1123 | |
1114 | </pre> |
1124 | </pre> |
1115 | |
1125 | |
1116 | </div> |
1126 | </div> |
1117 | <h2 id="code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop</h2> |
1127 | <h2 id="code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</h2> |
1118 | <div id="code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che-2"> |
1128 | <div id="code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che-2"> |
1119 | <p>Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem: |
1129 | <p>Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem: |
1120 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
1130 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
1121 | afterwards.</p> |
1131 | afterwards.</p> |
|
|
1132 | <p>You <i>must not</i> call <code>ev_loop</code> or similar functions that enter |
|
|
1133 | the current event loop from either <code>ev_prepare</code> or <code>ev_check</code> |
|
|
1134 | watchers. Other loops than the current one are fine, however. The |
|
|
1135 | rationale behind this is that you do not need to check for recursion in |
|
|
1136 | those watchers, i.e. the sequence will always be <code>ev_prepare</code>, blocking, |
|
|
1137 | <code>ev_check</code> so if you have one watcher of each kind they will always be |
|
|
1138 | called in pairs bracketing the blocking call.</p> |
1122 | <p>Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev and |
1139 | <p>Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev and |
1123 | their use is somewhat advanced. This could be used, for example, to track |
1140 | their use is somewhat advanced. This could be used, for example, to track |
1124 | variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a |
1141 | variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a |
1125 | coroutine library and lots more.</p> |
1142 | coroutine library and lots more. They are also occasionally useful if |
|
|
1143 | you cache some data and want to flush it before blocking (for example, |
|
|
1144 | in X programs you might want to do an <code>XFlush ()</code> in an <code>ev_prepare</code> |
|
|
1145 | watcher).</p> |
1126 | <p>This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need |
1146 | <p>This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need |
1127 | to be watched by the other library, registering <code>ev_io</code> watchers for |
1147 | to be watched by the other library, registering <code>ev_io</code> watchers for |
1128 | them and starting an <code>ev_timer</code> watcher for any timeouts (many libraries |
1148 | them and starting an <code>ev_timer</code> watcher for any timeouts (many libraries |
1129 | provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for |
1149 | provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for |
1130 | any events that occured (by checking the pending status of all watchers |
1150 | any events that occured (by checking the pending status of all watchers |
… | |
… | |
1146 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1166 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1147 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1167 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1148 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1168 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1149 | </dd> |
1169 | </dd> |
1150 | </dl> |
1170 | </dl> |
1151 | <p>Example: *TODO*.</p> |
1171 | <p>Example: To include a library such as adns, you would add IO watchers |
|
|
1172 | and a timeout watcher in a prepare handler, as required by libadns, and |
|
|
1173 | in a check watcher, destroy them and call into libadns. What follows is |
|
|
1174 | pseudo-code only of course:</p> |
|
|
1175 | <pre> static ev_io iow [nfd]; |
|
|
1176 | static ev_timer tw; |
1152 | |
1177 | |
|
|
1178 | static void |
|
|
1179 | io_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) |
|
|
1180 | { |
|
|
1181 | // set the relevant poll flags |
|
|
1182 | // could also call adns_processreadable etc. here |
|
|
1183 | struct pollfd *fd = (struct pollfd *)w->data; |
|
|
1184 | if (revents & EV_READ ) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLIN; |
|
|
1185 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLOUT; |
|
|
1186 | } |
1153 | |
1187 | |
|
|
1188 | // create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking |
|
|
1189 | static void |
|
|
1190 | adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_prepare *w, int revents) |
|
|
1191 | { |
|
|
1192 | int timeout = 3600000;truct pollfd fds [nfd]; |
|
|
1193 | // actual code will need to loop here and realloc etc. |
|
|
1194 | adns_beforepoll (ads, fds, &nfd, &timeout, timeval_from (ev_time ())); |
1154 | |
1195 | |
|
|
1196 | /* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */ |
|
|
1197 | ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3); |
|
|
1198 | ev_timer_start (loop, &tw); |
1155 | |
1199 | |
|
|
1200 | // create on ev_io per pollfd |
|
|
1201 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
|
|
1202 | { |
|
|
1203 | ev_io_init (iow + i, io_cb, fds [i].fd, |
|
|
1204 | ((fds [i].events & POLLIN ? EV_READ : 0) |
|
|
1205 | | (fds [i].events & POLLOUT ? EV_WRITE : 0))); |
1156 | |
1206 | |
|
|
1207 | fds [i].revents = 0; |
|
|
1208 | iow [i].data = fds + i; |
|
|
1209 | ev_io_start (loop, iow + i); |
|
|
1210 | } |
|
|
1211 | } |
|
|
1212 | |
|
|
1213 | // stop all watchers after blocking |
|
|
1214 | static void |
|
|
1215 | adns_check_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_check *w, int revents) |
|
|
1216 | { |
|
|
1217 | ev_timer_stop (loop, &tw); |
|
|
1218 | |
|
|
1219 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
|
|
1220 | ev_io_stop (loop, iow + i); |
|
|
1221 | |
|
|
1222 | adns_afterpoll (adns, fds, nfd, timeval_from (ev_now (loop)); |
|
|
1223 | } |
|
|
1224 | |
|
|
1225 | |
|
|
1226 | |
|
|
1227 | |
|
|
1228 | </pre> |
|
|
1229 | |
1157 | </div> |
1230 | </div> |
1158 | <h2 id="code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough</h2> |
1231 | <h2 id="code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</h2> |
1159 | <div id="code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_-2"> |
1232 | <div id="code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_-2"> |
1160 | <p>This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop |
1233 | <p>This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop |
1161 | into another (currently only <code>ev_io</code> events are supported in the embedded |
1234 | into another (currently only <code>ev_io</code> events are supported in the embedded |
1162 | loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
1235 | loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
1163 | fashion and must not be used).</p> |
1236 | fashion and must not be used).</p> |
… | |
… | |
1460 | ev_vars.h |
1533 | ev_vars.h |
1461 | ev_wrap.h |
1534 | ev_wrap.h |
1462 | |
1535 | |
1463 | ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
1536 | ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
1464 | |
1537 | |
1465 | ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is is by default) |
1538 | ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is by default) |
1466 | ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1539 | ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1467 | ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1540 | ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1468 | ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1541 | ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1469 | ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1542 | ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1470 | |
1543 | |
1471 | </pre> |
1544 | </pre> |
1472 | <p><cite>ev.c</cite> includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need |
1545 | <p><cite>ev.c</cite> includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need |
1473 | to compile a single file.</p> |
1546 | to compile this single file.</p> |
1474 | |
1547 | |
1475 | </div> |
1548 | </div> |
1476 | <h3 id="LIBEVENT_COMPATIBILITY_API">LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API</h3> |
1549 | <h3 id="LIBEVENT_COMPATIBILITY_API">LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API</h3> |
1477 | <div id="LIBEVENT_COMPATIBILITY_API_CONTENT"> |
1550 | <div id="LIBEVENT_COMPATIBILITY_API_CONTENT"> |
1478 | <p>To include the libevent compatibility API, also include:</p> |
1551 | <p>To include the libevent compatibility API, also include:</p> |
… | |
… | |
1493 | </div> |
1566 | </div> |
1494 | <h3 id="AUTOCONF_SUPPORT">AUTOCONF SUPPORT</h3> |
1567 | <h3 id="AUTOCONF_SUPPORT">AUTOCONF SUPPORT</h3> |
1495 | <div id="AUTOCONF_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1568 | <div id="AUTOCONF_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1496 | <p>Instead of using <code>EV_STANDALONE=1</code> and providing your config in |
1569 | <p>Instead of using <code>EV_STANDALONE=1</code> and providing your config in |
1497 | whatever way you want, you can also <code>m4_include([libev.m4])</code> in your |
1570 | whatever way you want, you can also <code>m4_include([libev.m4])</code> in your |
1498 | <cite>configure.ac</cite> and leave <code>EV_STANDALONE</code> off. <cite>ev.c</cite> will then include |
1571 | <cite>configure.ac</cite> and leave <code>EV_STANDALONE</code> undefined. <cite>ev.c</cite> will then |
1499 | <cite>config.h</cite> and configure itself accordingly.</p> |
1572 | include <cite>config.h</cite> and configure itself accordingly.</p> |
1500 | <p>For this of course you need the m4 file:</p> |
1573 | <p>For this of course you need the m4 file:</p> |
1501 | <pre> libev.m4 |
1574 | <pre> libev.m4 |
1502 | |
1575 | |
1503 | </pre> |
1576 | </pre> |
1504 | |
1577 | |
… | |
… | |
1583 | otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred |
1656 | otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred |
1584 | backend for BSD and BSD-like systems, although on most BSDs kqueue only |
1657 | backend for BSD and BSD-like systems, although on most BSDs kqueue only |
1585 | supports some types of fds correctly (the only platform we found that |
1658 | supports some types of fds correctly (the only platform we found that |
1586 | supports ptys for example was NetBSD), so kqueue might be compiled in, but |
1659 | supports ptys for example was NetBSD), so kqueue might be compiled in, but |
1587 | not be used unless explicitly requested. The best way to use it is to find |
1660 | not be used unless explicitly requested. The best way to use it is to find |
1588 | out wether kqueue supports your type of fd properly and use an embedded |
1661 | out whether kqueue supports your type of fd properly and use an embedded |
1589 | kqueue loop.</p> |
1662 | kqueue loop.</p> |
1590 | </dd> |
1663 | </dd> |
1591 | <dt>EV_USE_PORT</dt> |
1664 | <dt>EV_USE_PORT</dt> |
1592 | <dd> |
1665 | <dd> |
1593 | <p>If defined to be <code>1</code>, libev will compile in support for the Solaris |
1666 | <p>If defined to be <code>1</code>, libev will compile in support for the Solaris |
… | |
… | |
1647 | SV *self; /* contains this struct */ \ |
1720 | SV *self; /* contains this struct */ \ |
1648 | SV *cb_sv, *fh /* note no trailing ";" */ |
1721 | SV *cb_sv, *fh /* note no trailing ";" */ |
1649 | |
1722 | |
1650 | </pre> |
1723 | </pre> |
1651 | </dd> |
1724 | </dd> |
1652 | <dt>EV_CB_DECLARE(type)</dt> |
1725 | <dt>EV_CB_DECLARE (type)</dt> |
1653 | <dt>EV_CB_INVOKE(watcher,revents)</dt> |
1726 | <dt>EV_CB_INVOKE (watcher, revents)</dt> |
1654 | <dt>ev_set_cb(ev,cb)</dt> |
1727 | <dt>ev_set_cb (ev, cb)</dt> |
1655 | <dd> |
1728 | <dd> |
1656 | <p>Can be used to change the callback member declaration in each watcher, |
1729 | <p>Can be used to change the callback member declaration in each watcher, |
1657 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
1730 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
1658 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the <cite>ev.v</cite> header file for |
1731 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the <cite>ev.v</cite> header file for |
1659 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
1732 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
1660 | avoid the ev_loop pointer as first argument in all cases, or to use method |
1733 | avoid the <code>struct ev_loop *</code> as first argument in all cases, or to use |
1661 | calls instead of plain function calls in C++.</p> |
1734 | method calls instead of plain function calls in C++.</p> |
1662 | |
1735 | |
1663 | </div> |
1736 | </div> |
1664 | <h2 id="EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</h2> |
1737 | <h2 id="EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</h2> |
1665 | <div id="EXAMPLES_CONTENT"> |
1738 | <div id="EXAMPLES_CONTENT"> |
1666 | <p>For a real-world example of a program the includes libev |
1739 | <p>For a real-world example of a program the includes libev |
… | |
… | |
1682 | </pre> |
1755 | </pre> |
1683 | <p>And a <cite>ev_cpp.C</cite> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:</p> |
1756 | <p>And a <cite>ev_cpp.C</cite> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:</p> |
1684 | <pre> #include "ev_cpp.h" |
1757 | <pre> #include "ev_cpp.h" |
1685 | #include "ev.c" |
1758 | #include "ev.c" |
1686 | |
1759 | |
|
|
1760 | |
|
|
1761 | |
|
|
1762 | |
1687 | </pre> |
1763 | </pre> |
|
|
1764 | |
|
|
1765 | </div> |
|
|
1766 | <h1 id="COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
|
|
1767 | <div id="COMPLEXITIES_CONTENT"> |
|
|
1768 | <p>In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside |
|
|
1769 | libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the |
|
|
1770 | documentation for <code>ev_default_init</code>.</p> |
|
|
1771 | <p> |
|
|
1772 | <dl> |
|
|
1773 | <dt>Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
|
|
1774 | <dt>Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
|
|
1775 | <dt>Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
1776 | <dt>Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
1777 | <dt>Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % 16))</dt> |
|
|
1778 | <dt>Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
1779 | <dt>Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)</dt> |
|
|
1780 | <dt>Activating one watcher: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
1781 | </dl> |
|
|
1782 | </p> |
|
|
1783 | |
|
|
1784 | |
|
|
1785 | |
|
|
1786 | |
1688 | |
1787 | |
1689 | </div> |
1788 | </div> |
1690 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1789 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1691 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
1790 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
1692 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |
1791 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |