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4 | <head> |
4 | <head> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
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9 | <meta name="created" content="Tue Nov 27 21:14:27 2007" /> |
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12 | <body> |
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13 | <div class="pod"> |
13 | <div class="pod"> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
15 | <h3 id="TOP">Index</h3> |
15 | <h3 id="TOP">Index</h3> |
16 | |
16 | |
17 | <ul><li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> |
17 | <ul><li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> |
18 | <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> |
18 | <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> |
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19 | <li><a href="#EXAMPLE_PROGRAM">EXAMPLE PROGRAM</a></li> |
19 | <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> |
20 | <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> |
20 | <li><a href="#FEATURES">FEATURES</a></li> |
21 | <li><a href="#FEATURES">FEATURES</a></li> |
21 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
24 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
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59 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
60 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
60 | </li> |
61 | </li> |
61 | </ul><hr /> |
62 | </ul><hr /> |
62 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
63 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
63 | |
64 | |
64 | <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
65 | <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> |
65 | <div id="NAME_CONTENT"> |
66 | <div id="NAME_CONTENT"> |
66 | <p>libev - a high performance full-featured event loop written in C</p> |
67 | <p>libev - a high performance full-featured event loop written in C</p> |
67 | |
68 | |
68 | </div> |
69 | </div> |
69 | <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
70 | <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> |
70 | <div id="SYNOPSIS_CONTENT"> |
71 | <div id="SYNOPSIS_CONTENT"> |
71 | <pre> /* this is the only header you need */ |
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72 | #include <ev.h> |
72 | <pre> #include <ev.h> |
73 | |
73 | |
74 | /* what follows is a fully working example program */ |
74 | </pre> |
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75 | |
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76 | </div> |
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77 | <h1 id="EXAMPLE_PROGRAM">EXAMPLE PROGRAM</h1> |
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78 | <div id="EXAMPLE_PROGRAM_CONTENT"> |
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79 | <pre> #include <ev.h> |
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80 | |
75 | ev_io stdin_watcher; |
81 | ev_io stdin_watcher; |
76 | ev_timer timeout_watcher; |
82 | ev_timer timeout_watcher; |
77 | |
83 | |
78 | /* called when data readable on stdin */ |
84 | /* called when data readable on stdin */ |
79 | static void |
85 | static void |
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111 | } |
117 | } |
112 | |
118 | |
113 | </pre> |
119 | </pre> |
114 | |
120 | |
115 | </div> |
121 | </div> |
116 | <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
122 | <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> |
117 | <div id="DESCRIPTION_CONTENT"> |
123 | <div id="DESCRIPTION_CONTENT"> |
118 | <p>Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
124 | <p>Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
119 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage |
125 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage |
120 | these event sources and provide your program with events.</p> |
126 | these event sources and provide your program with events.</p> |
121 | <p>To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
127 | <p>To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
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125 | watchers</i>, which are relatively small C structures you initialise with the |
131 | watchers</i>, which are relatively small C structures you initialise with the |
126 | details of the event, and then hand it over to libev by <i>starting</i> the |
132 | details of the event, and then hand it over to libev by <i>starting</i> the |
127 | watcher.</p> |
133 | watcher.</p> |
128 | |
134 | |
129 | </div> |
135 | </div> |
130 | <h1 id="FEATURES">FEATURES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
136 | <h1 id="FEATURES">FEATURES</h1> |
131 | <div id="FEATURES_CONTENT"> |
137 | <div id="FEATURES_CONTENT"> |
132 | <p>Libev supports select, poll, the linux-specific epoll and the bsd-specific |
138 | <p>Libev supports <code>select</code>, <code>poll</code>, the linux-specific <code>epoll</code>, the |
133 | kqueue mechanisms for file descriptor events, relative timers, absolute |
139 | bsd-specific <code>kqueue</code> and the solaris-specific event port mechanisms |
134 | timers with customised rescheduling, signal events, process status change |
140 | for file descriptor events (<code>ev_io</code>), relative timers (<code>ev_timer</code>), |
135 | events (related to SIGCHLD), and event watchers dealing with the event |
141 | absolute timers with customised rescheduling (<code>ev_periodic</code>), synchronous |
136 | loop mechanism itself (idle, prepare and check watchers). It also is quite |
142 | signals (<code>ev_signal</code>), process status change events (<code>ev_child</code>), and |
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143 | event watchers dealing with the event loop mechanism itself (<code>ev_idle</code>, |
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144 | <code>ev_embed</code>, <code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> watchers) as well as |
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145 | file watchers (<code>ev_stat</code>) and even limited support for fork events |
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146 | (<code>ev_fork</code>).</p> |
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147 | <p>It also is quite fast (see this |
137 | fast (see this <a href="http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html">benchmark</a> comparing |
148 | <a href="http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html">benchmark</a> comparing it to libevent |
138 | it to libevent for example).</p> |
149 | for example).</p> |
139 | |
150 | |
140 | </div> |
151 | </div> |
141 | <h1 id="CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
152 | <h1 id="CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</h1> |
142 | <div id="CONVENTIONS_CONTENT"> |
153 | <div id="CONVENTIONS_CONTENT"> |
143 | <p>Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration |
154 | <p>Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration will |
144 | will be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info |
155 | be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info about |
145 | about various configuration options please have a look at the file |
156 | various configuration options please have a look at <strong>EMBED</strong> section in |
146 | <cite>README.embed</cite> in the libev distribution. If libev was configured without |
157 | this manual. If libev was configured without support for multiple event |
147 | support for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial |
158 | loops, then all functions taking an initial argument of name <code>loop</code> |
148 | argument of name <code>loop</code> (which is always of type <code>struct ev_loop *</code>) |
159 | (which is always of type <code>struct ev_loop *</code>) will not have this argument.</p> |
149 | will not have this argument.</p> |
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150 | |
160 | |
151 | </div> |
161 | </div> |
152 | <h1 id="TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
162 | <h1 id="TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</h1> |
153 | <div id="TIME_REPRESENTATION_CONTENT"> |
163 | <div id="TIME_REPRESENTATION_CONTENT"> |
154 | <p>Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the |
164 | <p>Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the |
155 | (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near |
165 | (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near |
156 | the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is |
166 | the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is |
157 | called <code>ev_tstamp</code>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases |
167 | called <code>ev_tstamp</code>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases |
158 | to the <code>double</code> type in C, and when you need to do any calculations on |
168 | to the <code>double</code> type in C, and when you need to do any calculations on |
159 | it, you should treat it as such.</p> |
169 | it, you should treat it as such.</p> |
160 | |
170 | |
161 | </div> |
171 | </div> |
162 | <h1 id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
172 | <h1 id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</h1> |
163 | <div id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
173 | <div id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
164 | <p>These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the |
174 | <p>These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the |
165 | library in any way.</p> |
175 | library in any way.</p> |
166 | <dl> |
176 | <dl> |
167 | <dt>ev_tstamp ev_time ()</dt> |
177 | <dt>ev_tstamp ev_time ()</dt> |
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180 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
190 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
181 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
191 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
182 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
192 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
183 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
193 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
184 | not a problem.</p> |
194 | not a problem.</p> |
185 | <p>Example: make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
195 | <p>Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
186 | version:</p> |
196 | version.</p> |
187 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
197 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
188 | ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR |
198 | ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR |
189 | && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR)); |
199 | && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR)); |
190 | |
200 | |
191 | </pre> |
201 | </pre> |
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229 | allocated, the library might abort or take some potentially destructive |
239 | allocated, the library might abort or take some potentially destructive |
230 | action. The default is your system realloc function.</p> |
240 | action. The default is your system realloc function.</p> |
231 | <p>You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
241 | <p>You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
232 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
242 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
233 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.</p> |
243 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.</p> |
234 | <p>Example: replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
244 | <p>Example: Replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
235 | retries: better than mine).</p> |
245 | retries).</p> |
236 | <pre> static void * |
246 | <pre> static void * |
237 | persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
247 | persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
238 | { |
248 | { |
239 | for (;;) |
249 | for (;;) |
240 | { |
250 | { |
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259 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
269 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
260 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no |
270 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no |
261 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
271 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
262 | requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff |
272 | requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff |
263 | (such as abort).</p> |
273 | (such as abort).</p> |
264 | <p>Example: do the same thing as libev does internally:</p> |
274 | <p>Example: This is basically the same thing that libev does internally, too.</p> |
265 | <pre> static void |
275 | <pre> static void |
266 | fatal_error (const char *msg) |
276 | fatal_error (const char *msg) |
267 | { |
277 | { |
268 | perror (msg); |
278 | perror (msg); |
269 | abort (); |
279 | abort (); |
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275 | </pre> |
285 | </pre> |
276 | </dd> |
286 | </dd> |
277 | </dl> |
287 | </dl> |
278 | |
288 | |
279 | </div> |
289 | </div> |
280 | <h1 id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
290 | <h1 id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</h1> |
281 | <div id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP-2"> |
291 | <div id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP-2"> |
282 | <p>An event loop is described by a <code>struct ev_loop *</code>. The library knows two |
292 | <p>An event loop is described by a <code>struct ev_loop *</code>. The library knows two |
283 | types of such loops, the <i>default</i> loop, which supports signals and child |
293 | types of such loops, the <i>default</i> loop, which supports signals and child |
284 | events, and dynamically created loops which do not.</p> |
294 | events, and dynamically created loops which do not.</p> |
285 | <p>If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop |
295 | <p>If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop |
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405 | <dd> |
415 | <dd> |
406 | <p>Similar to <code>ev_default_loop</code>, but always creates a new event loop that is |
416 | <p>Similar to <code>ev_default_loop</code>, but always creates a new event loop that is |
407 | always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot |
417 | always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot |
408 | handle signal and child watchers, and attempts to do so will be greeted by |
418 | handle signal and child watchers, and attempts to do so will be greeted by |
409 | undefined behaviour (or a failed assertion if assertions are enabled).</p> |
419 | undefined behaviour (or a failed assertion if assertions are enabled).</p> |
410 | <p>Example: try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else.</p> |
420 | <p>Example: Try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else.</p> |
411 | <pre> struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV); |
421 | <pre> struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV); |
412 | if (!epoller) |
422 | if (!epoller) |
413 | fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
423 | fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
414 | |
424 | |
415 | </pre> |
425 | </pre> |
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508 | be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed. |
518 | be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed. |
509 | - If ev_unloop has been called or EVLOOP_ONESHOT or EVLOOP_NONBLOCK |
519 | - If ev_unloop has been called or EVLOOP_ONESHOT or EVLOOP_NONBLOCK |
510 | were used, return, otherwise continue with step *. |
520 | were used, return, otherwise continue with step *. |
511 | |
521 | |
512 | </pre> |
522 | </pre> |
513 | <p>Example: queue some jobs and then loop until no events are outsanding |
523 | <p>Example: Queue some jobs and then loop until no events are outsanding |
514 | anymore.</p> |
524 | anymore.</p> |
515 | <pre> ... queue jobs here, make sure they register event watchers as long |
525 | <pre> ... queue jobs here, make sure they register event watchers as long |
516 | ... as they still have work to do (even an idle watcher will do..) |
526 | ... as they still have work to do (even an idle watcher will do..) |
517 | ev_loop (my_loop, 0); |
527 | ev_loop (my_loop, 0); |
518 | ... jobs done. yeah! |
528 | ... jobs done. yeah! |
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537 | example, libev itself uses this for its internal signal pipe: It is not |
547 | example, libev itself uses this for its internal signal pipe: It is not |
538 | visible to the libev user and should not keep <code>ev_loop</code> from exiting if |
548 | visible to the libev user and should not keep <code>ev_loop</code> from exiting if |
539 | no event watchers registered by it are active. It is also an excellent |
549 | no event watchers registered by it are active. It is also an excellent |
540 | way to do this for generic recurring timers or from within third-party |
550 | way to do this for generic recurring timers or from within third-party |
541 | libraries. Just remember to <i>unref after start</i> and <i>ref before stop</i>.</p> |
551 | libraries. Just remember to <i>unref after start</i> and <i>ref before stop</i>.</p> |
542 | <p>Example: create a signal watcher, but keep it from keeping <code>ev_loop</code> |
552 | <p>Example: Create a signal watcher, but keep it from keeping <code>ev_loop</code> |
543 | running when nothing else is active.</p> |
553 | running when nothing else is active.</p> |
544 | <pre> struct dv_signal exitsig; |
554 | <pre> struct ev_signal exitsig; |
545 | ev_signal_init (&exitsig, sig_cb, SIGINT); |
555 | ev_signal_init (&exitsig, sig_cb, SIGINT); |
546 | ev_signal_start (myloop, &exitsig); |
556 | ev_signal_start (loop, &exitsig); |
547 | evf_unref (myloop); |
557 | evf_unref (loop); |
548 | |
558 | |
549 | </pre> |
559 | </pre> |
550 | <p>Example: for some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again.</p> |
560 | <p>Example: For some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again.</p> |
551 | <pre> ev_ref (myloop); |
561 | <pre> ev_ref (loop); |
552 | ev_signal_stop (myloop, &exitsig); |
562 | ev_signal_stop (loop, &exitsig); |
553 | |
563 | |
554 | </pre> |
564 | </pre> |
555 | </dd> |
565 | </dd> |
556 | </dl> |
566 | </dl> |
557 | |
567 | |
558 | |
568 | |
559 | |
569 | |
560 | |
570 | |
561 | |
571 | |
562 | </div> |
572 | </div> |
563 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
573 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1> |
564 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
574 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
565 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
575 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
566 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
576 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
567 | become readable, you would create an <code>ev_io</code> watcher for that:</p> |
577 | become readable, you would create an <code>ev_io</code> watcher for that:</p> |
568 | <pre> static void my_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
578 | <pre> static void my_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
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731 | events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher |
741 | events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher |
732 | is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but |
742 | is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but |
733 | <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> is safe) and you must make sure the watcher is available to |
743 | <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> is safe) and you must make sure the watcher is available to |
734 | libev (e.g. you cnanot <code>free ()</code> it).</p> |
744 | libev (e.g. you cnanot <code>free ()</code> it).</p> |
735 | </dd> |
745 | </dd> |
736 | <dt>callback = ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
746 | <dt>callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
737 | <dd> |
747 | <dd> |
738 | <p>Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.</p> |
748 | <p>Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.</p> |
739 | </dd> |
749 | </dd> |
740 | <dt>ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
750 | <dt>ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
741 | <dd> |
751 | <dd> |
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773 | struct my_io *w = (struct my_io *)w_; |
783 | struct my_io *w = (struct my_io *)w_; |
774 | ... |
784 | ... |
775 | } |
785 | } |
776 | |
786 | |
777 | </pre> |
787 | </pre> |
778 | <p>More interesting and less C-conformant ways of catsing your callback type |
788 | <p>More interesting and less C-conformant ways of casting your callback type |
779 | have been omitted....</p> |
789 | instead have been omitted.</p> |
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790 | <p>Another common scenario is having some data structure with multiple |
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791 | watchers:</p> |
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792 | <pre> struct my_biggy |
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793 | { |
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794 | int some_data; |
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795 | ev_timer t1; |
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796 | ev_timer t2; |
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797 | } |
780 | |
798 | |
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799 | </pre> |
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800 | <p>In this case getting the pointer to <code>my_biggy</code> is a bit more complicated, |
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801 | you need to use <code>offsetof</code>:</p> |
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802 | <pre> #include <stddef.h> |
781 | |
803 | |
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804 | static void |
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805 | t1_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
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806 | { |
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807 | struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy * |
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808 | (((char *)w) - offsetof (struct my_biggy, t1)); |
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809 | } |
782 | |
810 | |
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811 | static void |
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812 | t2_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
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813 | { |
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814 | struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy * |
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815 | (((char *)w) - offsetof (struct my_biggy, t2)); |
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816 | } |
783 | |
817 | |
784 | |
818 | |
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819 | |
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820 | |
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821 | </pre> |
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|
822 | |
785 | </div> |
823 | </div> |
786 | <h1 id="WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
824 | <h1 id="WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</h1> |
787 | <div id="WATCHER_TYPES_CONTENT"> |
825 | <div id="WATCHER_TYPES_CONTENT"> |
788 | <p>This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
826 | <p>This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
789 | information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros, |
827 | information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros, |
790 | functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.</p> |
828 | functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.</p> |
791 | <p>Members are additionally marked with either <i>[read-only]</i>, meaning that, |
829 | <p>Members are additionally marked with either <i>[read-only]</i>, meaning that, |
… | |
… | |
851 | <dt>int events [read-only]</dt> |
889 | <dt>int events [read-only]</dt> |
852 | <dd> |
890 | <dd> |
853 | <p>The events being watched.</p> |
891 | <p>The events being watched.</p> |
854 | </dd> |
892 | </dd> |
855 | </dl> |
893 | </dl> |
856 | <p>Example: call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
894 | <p>Example: Call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
857 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
895 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
858 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback:</p> |
896 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback.</p> |
859 | <pre> static void |
897 | <pre> static void |
860 | stdin_readable_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
898 | stdin_readable_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
861 | { |
899 | { |
862 | ev_io_stop (loop, w); |
900 | ev_io_stop (loop, w); |
863 | .. read from stdin here (or from w->fd) and haqndle any I/O errors |
901 | .. read from stdin here (or from w->fd) and haqndle any I/O errors |
… | |
… | |
946 | <p>The current <code>repeat</code> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out |
984 | <p>The current <code>repeat</code> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out |
947 | or <code>ev_timer_again</code> is called and determines the next timeout (if any), |
985 | or <code>ev_timer_again</code> is called and determines the next timeout (if any), |
948 | which is also when any modifications are taken into account.</p> |
986 | which is also when any modifications are taken into account.</p> |
949 | </dd> |
987 | </dd> |
950 | </dl> |
988 | </dl> |
951 | <p>Example: create a timer that fires after 60 seconds.</p> |
989 | <p>Example: Create a timer that fires after 60 seconds.</p> |
952 | <pre> static void |
990 | <pre> static void |
953 | one_minute_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
991 | one_minute_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
954 | { |
992 | { |
955 | .. one minute over, w is actually stopped right here |
993 | .. one minute over, w is actually stopped right here |
956 | } |
994 | } |
… | |
… | |
958 | struct ev_timer mytimer; |
996 | struct ev_timer mytimer; |
959 | ev_timer_init (&mytimer, one_minute_cb, 60., 0.); |
997 | ev_timer_init (&mytimer, one_minute_cb, 60., 0.); |
960 | ev_timer_start (loop, &mytimer); |
998 | ev_timer_start (loop, &mytimer); |
961 | |
999 | |
962 | </pre> |
1000 | </pre> |
963 | <p>Example: create a timeout timer that times out after 10 seconds of |
1001 | <p>Example: Create a timeout timer that times out after 10 seconds of |
964 | inactivity.</p> |
1002 | inactivity.</p> |
965 | <pre> static void |
1003 | <pre> static void |
966 | timeout_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
1004 | timeout_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
967 | { |
1005 | { |
968 | .. ten seconds without any activity |
1006 | .. ten seconds without any activity |
… | |
… | |
1084 | <p>The current reschedule callback, or <code>0</code>, if this functionality is |
1122 | <p>The current reschedule callback, or <code>0</code>, if this functionality is |
1085 | switched off. Can be changed any time, but changes only take effect when |
1123 | switched off. Can be changed any time, but changes only take effect when |
1086 | the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
1124 | the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
1087 | </dd> |
1125 | </dd> |
1088 | </dl> |
1126 | </dl> |
1089 | <p>Example: call a callback every hour, or, more precisely, whenever the |
1127 | <p>Example: Call a callback every hour, or, more precisely, whenever the |
1090 | system clock is divisible by 3600. The callback invocation times have |
1128 | system clock is divisible by 3600. The callback invocation times have |
1091 | potentially a lot of jittering, but good long-term stability.</p> |
1129 | potentially a lot of jittering, but good long-term stability.</p> |
1092 | <pre> static void |
1130 | <pre> static void |
1093 | clock_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
1131 | clock_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
1094 | { |
1132 | { |
… | |
… | |
1098 | struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1136 | struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1099 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 3600., 0); |
1137 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 3600., 0); |
1100 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1138 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1101 | |
1139 | |
1102 | </pre> |
1140 | </pre> |
1103 | <p>Example: the same as above, but use a reschedule callback to do it:</p> |
1141 | <p>Example: The same as above, but use a reschedule callback to do it:</p> |
1104 | <pre> #include <math.h> |
1142 | <pre> #include <math.h> |
1105 | |
1143 | |
1106 | static ev_tstamp |
1144 | static ev_tstamp |
1107 | my_scheduler_cb (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1145 | my_scheduler_cb (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1108 | { |
1146 | { |
… | |
… | |
1110 | } |
1148 | } |
1111 | |
1149 | |
1112 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 0., my_scheduler_cb); |
1150 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 0., my_scheduler_cb); |
1113 | |
1151 | |
1114 | </pre> |
1152 | </pre> |
1115 | <p>Example: call a callback every hour, starting now:</p> |
1153 | <p>Example: Call a callback every hour, starting now:</p> |
1116 | <pre> struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1154 | <pre> struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1117 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1155 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1118 | fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1156 | fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1119 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1157 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1120 | |
1158 | |
… | |
… | |
1181 | <dd> |
1219 | <dd> |
1182 | <p>The process exit/trace status caused by <code>rpid</code> (see your systems |
1220 | <p>The process exit/trace status caused by <code>rpid</code> (see your systems |
1183 | <code>waitpid</code> and <code>sys/wait.h</code> documentation for details).</p> |
1221 | <code>waitpid</code> and <code>sys/wait.h</code> documentation for details).</p> |
1184 | </dd> |
1222 | </dd> |
1185 | </dl> |
1223 | </dl> |
1186 | <p>Example: try to exit cleanly on SIGINT and SIGTERM.</p> |
1224 | <p>Example: Try to exit cleanly on SIGINT and SIGTERM.</p> |
1187 | <pre> static void |
1225 | <pre> static void |
1188 | sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_signal *w, int revents) |
1226 | sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_signal *w, int revents) |
1189 | { |
1227 | { |
1190 | ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL); |
1228 | ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL); |
1191 | } |
1229 | } |
… | |
… | |
1209 | not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does |
1247 | not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does |
1210 | not exist" is signified by the <code>st_nlink</code> field being zero (which is |
1248 | not exist" is signified by the <code>st_nlink</code> field being zero (which is |
1211 | otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of |
1249 | otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of |
1212 | the stat buffer having unspecified contents.</p> |
1250 | the stat buffer having unspecified contents.</p> |
1213 | <p>Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply |
1251 | <p>Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply |
1214 | calls <code>stat (2)</code> regulalry on the path to see if it changed somehow. You |
1252 | calls <code>stat (2)</code> regularly on the path to see if it changed somehow. You |
1215 | can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify |
1253 | can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify |
1216 | a polling interval of <code>0</code> (highly recommended!) then a <i>suitable, |
1254 | a polling interval of <code>0</code> (highly recommended!) then a <i>suitable, |
1217 | unspecified default</i> value will be used (which you can expect to be around |
1255 | unspecified default</i> value will be used (which you can expect to be around |
1218 | five seconds, although this might change dynamically). Libev will also |
1256 | five seconds, although this might change dynamically). Libev will also |
1219 | impose a minimum interval which is currently around <code>0.1</code>, but thats |
1257 | impose a minimum interval which is currently around <code>0.1</code>, but thats |
1220 | usually overkill.</p> |
1258 | usually overkill.</p> |
1221 | <p>This watcher type is not meant for massive numbers of stat watchers, |
1259 | <p>This watcher type is not meant for massive numbers of stat watchers, |
1222 | as even with OS-supported change notifications, this can be |
1260 | as even with OS-supported change notifications, this can be |
1223 | resource-intensive.</p> |
1261 | resource-intensive.</p> |
1224 | <p>At the time of this writing, no specific OS backends are implemented, but |
1262 | <p>At the time of this writing, only the Linux inotify interface is |
1225 | if demand increases, at least a kqueue and inotify backend will be added.</p> |
1263 | implemented (implementing kqueue support is left as an exercise for the |
|
|
1264 | reader). Inotify will be used to give hints only and should not change the |
|
|
1265 | semantics of <code>ev_stat</code> watchers, which means that libev sometimes needs |
|
|
1266 | to fall back to regular polling again even with inotify, but changes are |
|
|
1267 | usually detected immediately, and if the file exists there will be no |
|
|
1268 | polling.</p> |
1226 | <dl> |
1269 | <dl> |
1227 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1270 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1228 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1271 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1229 | <dd> |
1272 | <dd> |
1230 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
1273 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
… | |
… | |
1314 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1357 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1315 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1358 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1316 | believe me.</p> |
1359 | believe me.</p> |
1317 | </dd> |
1360 | </dd> |
1318 | </dl> |
1361 | </dl> |
1319 | <p>Example: dynamically allocate an <code>ev_idle</code>, start it, and in the |
1362 | <p>Example: Dynamically allocate an <code>ev_idle</code> watcher, start it, and in the |
1320 | callback, free it. Alos, use no error checking, as usual.</p> |
1363 | callback, free it. Also, use no error checking, as usual.</p> |
1321 | <pre> static void |
1364 | <pre> static void |
1322 | idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_idle *w, int revents) |
1365 | idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_idle *w, int revents) |
1323 | { |
1366 | { |
1324 | free (w); |
1367 | free (w); |
1325 | // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
1368 | // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
… | |
… | |
1550 | |
1593 | |
1551 | |
1594 | |
1552 | |
1595 | |
1553 | |
1596 | |
1554 | </div> |
1597 | </div> |
1555 | <h1 id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1598 | <h1 id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</h1> |
1556 | <div id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
1599 | <div id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
1557 | <p>There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.</p> |
1600 | <p>There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.</p> |
1558 | <dl> |
1601 | <dl> |
1559 | <dt>ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)</dt> |
1602 | <dt>ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)</dt> |
1560 | <dd> |
1603 | <dd> |
… | |
… | |
1607 | |
1650 | |
1608 | |
1651 | |
1609 | |
1652 | |
1610 | |
1653 | |
1611 | </div> |
1654 | </div> |
1612 | <h1 id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1655 | <h1 id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</h1> |
1613 | <div id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION_CONTENT"> |
1656 | <div id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION_CONTENT"> |
1614 | <p>Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1657 | <p>Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1615 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints:</p> |
1658 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints:</p> |
1616 | <dl> |
1659 | <dl> |
1617 | <dt>* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual.</dt> |
1660 | <dt>* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual.</dt> |
… | |
… | |
1627 | <dt>* The libev emulation is <i>not</i> ABI compatible to libevent, you need |
1670 | <dt>* The libev emulation is <i>not</i> ABI compatible to libevent, you need |
1628 | to use the libev header file and library.</dt> |
1671 | to use the libev header file and library.</dt> |
1629 | </dl> |
1672 | </dl> |
1630 | |
1673 | |
1631 | </div> |
1674 | </div> |
1632 | <h1 id="C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1675 | <h1 id="C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</h1> |
1633 | <div id="C_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1676 | <div id="C_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1634 | <p>Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for C++ that mainly allow |
1677 | <p>Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for C++ that mainly allow |
1635 | you to use some convinience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
1678 | you to use some convinience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
1636 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects.</p> |
1679 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects.</p> |
1637 | <p>To use it,</p> |
1680 | <p>To use it,</p> |
… | |
… | |
1732 | |
1775 | |
1733 | |
1776 | |
1734 | </pre> |
1777 | </pre> |
1735 | |
1778 | |
1736 | </div> |
1779 | </div> |
1737 | <h1 id="MACRO_MAGIC">MACRO MAGIC</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1780 | <h1 id="MACRO_MAGIC">MACRO MAGIC</h1> |
1738 | <div id="MACRO_MAGIC_CONTENT"> |
1781 | <div id="MACRO_MAGIC_CONTENT"> |
1739 | <p>Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is |
1782 | <p>Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is |
1740 | <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>. This option determines wether (most) functions and |
1783 | <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>. This option determines wether (most) functions and |
1741 | callbacks have an initial <code>struct ev_loop *</code> argument.</p> |
1784 | callbacks have an initial <code>struct ev_loop *</code> argument.</p> |
1742 | <p>To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the |
1785 | <p>To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the |
… | |
… | |
1793 | |
1836 | |
1794 | |
1837 | |
1795 | </pre> |
1838 | </pre> |
1796 | |
1839 | |
1797 | </div> |
1840 | </div> |
1798 | <h1 id="EMBEDDING">EMBEDDING</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1841 | <h1 id="EMBEDDING">EMBEDDING</h1> |
1799 | <div id="EMBEDDING_CONTENT"> |
1842 | <div id="EMBEDDING_CONTENT"> |
1800 | <p>Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host |
1843 | <p>Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host |
1801 | applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra |
1844 | applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra |
1802 | Game Server, the EV perl module, the GNU Virtual Private Ethernet (gvpe) |
1845 | Game Server, the EV perl module, the GNU Virtual Private Ethernet (gvpe) |
1803 | and rxvt-unicode.</p> |
1846 | and rxvt-unicode.</p> |
… | |
… | |
1977 | </dd> |
2020 | </dd> |
1978 | <dt>EV_USE_DEVPOLL</dt> |
2021 | <dt>EV_USE_DEVPOLL</dt> |
1979 | <dd> |
2022 | <dd> |
1980 | <p>reserved for future expansion, works like the USE symbols above.</p> |
2023 | <p>reserved for future expansion, works like the USE symbols above.</p> |
1981 | </dd> |
2024 | </dd> |
|
|
2025 | <dt>EV_USE_INOTIFY</dt> |
|
|
2026 | <dd> |
|
|
2027 | <p>If defined to be <code>1</code>, libev will compile in support for the Linux inotify |
|
|
2028 | interface to speed up <code>ev_stat</code> watchers. Its actual availability will |
|
|
2029 | be detected at runtime.</p> |
|
|
2030 | </dd> |
1982 | <dt>EV_H</dt> |
2031 | <dt>EV_H</dt> |
1983 | <dd> |
2032 | <dd> |
1984 | <p>The name of the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file used to include it. The default if |
2033 | <p>The name of the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file used to include it. The default if |
1985 | undefined is <code><ev.h></code> in <cite>event.h</cite> and <code>"ev.h"</code> in <cite>ev.c</cite>. This |
2034 | undefined is <code><ev.h></code> in <cite>event.h</cite> and <code>"ev.h"</code> in <cite>ev.c</cite>. This |
1986 | can be used to virtually rename the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file in case of conflicts.</p> |
2035 | can be used to virtually rename the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file in case of conflicts.</p> |
… | |
… | |
2041 | <dt>EV_PID_HASHSIZE</dt> |
2090 | <dt>EV_PID_HASHSIZE</dt> |
2042 | <dd> |
2091 | <dd> |
2043 | <p><code>ev_child</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
2092 | <p><code>ev_child</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
2044 | pid. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), usually more |
2093 | pid. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), usually more |
2045 | than enough. If you need to manage thousands of children you might want to |
2094 | than enough. If you need to manage thousands of children you might want to |
2046 | increase this value.</p> |
2095 | increase this value (<i>must</i> be a power of two).</p> |
|
|
2096 | </dd> |
|
|
2097 | <dt>EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE</dt> |
|
|
2098 | <dd> |
|
|
2099 | <p><code>ev_staz</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
|
|
2100 | inotify watch id. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), |
|
|
2101 | usually more than enough. If you need to manage thousands of <code>ev_stat</code> |
|
|
2102 | watchers you might want to increase this value (<i>must</i> be a power of |
|
|
2103 | two).</p> |
2047 | </dd> |
2104 | </dd> |
2048 | <dt>EV_COMMON</dt> |
2105 | <dt>EV_COMMON</dt> |
2049 | <dd> |
2106 | <dd> |
2050 | <p>By default, all watchers have a <code>void *data</code> member. By redefining |
2107 | <p>By default, all watchers have a <code>void *data</code> member. By redefining |
2051 | this macro to a something else you can include more and other types of |
2108 | this macro to a something else you can include more and other types of |
… | |
… | |
2097 | |
2154 | |
2098 | |
2155 | |
2099 | </pre> |
2156 | </pre> |
2100 | |
2157 | |
2101 | </div> |
2158 | </div> |
2102 | <h1 id="COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2159 | <h1 id="COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</h1> |
2103 | <div id="COMPLEXITIES_CONTENT"> |
2160 | <div id="COMPLEXITIES_CONTENT"> |
2104 | <p>In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside |
2161 | <p>In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside |
2105 | libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the |
2162 | libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the |
2106 | documentation for <code>ev_default_init</code>.</p> |
2163 | documentation for <code>ev_default_init</code>.</p> |
2107 | <p> |
2164 | <p> |
2108 | <dl> |
2165 | <dl> |
2109 | <dt>Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2166 | <dt>Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2110 | <dt>Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2167 | <dt>Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2111 | <dt>Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2168 | <dt>Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2112 | <dt>Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2169 | <dt>Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2113 | <dt>Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % 16))</dt> |
2170 | <dt>Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % EV_PID_HASHSIZE))</dt> |
2114 | <dt>Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)</dt> |
2171 | <dt>Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)</dt> |
2115 | <dt>Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)</dt> |
2172 | <dt>Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)</dt> |
2116 | <dt>Activating one watcher: O(1)</dt> |
2173 | <dt>Activating one watcher: O(1)</dt> |
2117 | </dl> |
2174 | </dl> |
2118 | </p> |
2175 | </p> |
… | |
… | |
2120 | |
2177 | |
2121 | |
2178 | |
2122 | |
2179 | |
2123 | |
2180 | |
2124 | </div> |
2181 | </div> |
2125 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2182 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1> |
2126 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
2183 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
2127 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |
2184 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |
2128 | |
2185 | |
2129 | </div> |
2186 | </div> |
2130 | </div></body> |
2187 | </div></body> |