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4 | <head> |
4 | <head> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
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9 | <meta name="created" content="Tue Nov 27 21:14:27 2007" /> |
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12 | <body> |
12 | <body> |
13 | <div class="pod"> |
13 | <div class="pod"> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
15 | <h3 id="TOP">Index</h3> |
15 | <h3 id="TOP">Index</h3> |
16 | |
16 | |
17 | <ul><li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> |
17 | <ul><li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> |
18 | <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> |
18 | <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> |
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19 | <li><a href="#EXAMPLE_PROGRAM">EXAMPLE PROGRAM</a></li> |
19 | <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> |
20 | <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> |
20 | <li><a href="#FEATURES">FEATURES</a></li> |
21 | <li><a href="#FEATURES">FEATURES</a></li> |
21 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</a></li> |
22 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</a></li> |
23 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
24 | <li><a href="#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
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26 | <ul><li><a href="#GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
27 | <ul><li><a href="#GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
27 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
28 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
28 | </ul> |
29 | </ul> |
29 | </li> |
30 | </li> |
30 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
31 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
31 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</a></li> |
32 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</a> |
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33 | <ul><li><a href="#The_special_problem_of_disappearing_">The special problem of disappearing file descriptors</a></li> |
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34 | <li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions">Watcher-Specific Functions</a></li> |
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35 | </ul> |
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36 | </li> |
32 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</a></li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</a> |
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38 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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39 | </ul> |
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40 | </li> |
33 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</a></li> |
41 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</a> |
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42 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-3">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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43 | </ul> |
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44 | </li> |
34 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</a></li> |
45 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</a> |
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46 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-4">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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47 | </ul> |
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48 | </li> |
35 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</a></li> |
49 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</a> |
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50 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-5">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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51 | </ul> |
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52 | </li> |
36 | <li><a href="#code_ev_stat_code_did_the_file_attri"><code>ev_stat</code> - did the file attributes just change?</a></li> |
53 | <li><a href="#code_ev_stat_code_did_the_file_attri"><code>ev_stat</code> - did the file attributes just change?</a> |
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54 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-6">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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55 | </ul> |
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56 | </li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</a></li> |
57 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</a> |
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58 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-7">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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59 | </ul> |
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60 | </li> |
38 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</a></li> |
61 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</a> |
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62 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-8">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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63 | </ul> |
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64 | </li> |
39 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</a></li> |
65 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</a> |
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66 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-9">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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67 | </ul> |
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68 | </li> |
40 | <li><a href="#code_ev_fork_code_the_audacity_to_re"><code>ev_fork</code> - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork</a></li> |
69 | <li><a href="#code_ev_fork_code_the_audacity_to_re"><code>ev_fork</code> - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork</a></li> |
41 | </ul> |
70 | </ul> |
42 | </li> |
71 | </li> |
43 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
72 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
44 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
73 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
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59 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
88 | <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a> |
60 | </li> |
89 | </li> |
61 | </ul><hr /> |
90 | </ul><hr /> |
62 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
91 | <!-- INDEX END --> |
63 | |
92 | |
64 | <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
93 | <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> |
65 | <div id="NAME_CONTENT"> |
94 | <div id="NAME_CONTENT"> |
66 | <p>libev - a high performance full-featured event loop written in C</p> |
95 | <p>libev - a high performance full-featured event loop written in C</p> |
67 | |
96 | |
68 | </div> |
97 | </div> |
69 | <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
98 | <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> |
70 | <div id="SYNOPSIS_CONTENT"> |
99 | <div id="SYNOPSIS_CONTENT"> |
71 | <pre> /* this is the only header you need */ |
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72 | #include <ev.h> |
100 | <pre> #include <ev.h> |
73 | |
101 | |
74 | /* what follows is a fully working example program */ |
102 | </pre> |
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103 | |
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104 | </div> |
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105 | <h1 id="EXAMPLE_PROGRAM">EXAMPLE PROGRAM</h1> |
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106 | <div id="EXAMPLE_PROGRAM_CONTENT"> |
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107 | <pre> #include <ev.h> |
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108 | |
75 | ev_io stdin_watcher; |
109 | ev_io stdin_watcher; |
76 | ev_timer timeout_watcher; |
110 | ev_timer timeout_watcher; |
77 | |
111 | |
78 | /* called when data readable on stdin */ |
112 | /* called when data readable on stdin */ |
79 | static void |
113 | static void |
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111 | } |
145 | } |
112 | |
146 | |
113 | </pre> |
147 | </pre> |
114 | |
148 | |
115 | </div> |
149 | </div> |
116 | <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
150 | <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> |
117 | <div id="DESCRIPTION_CONTENT"> |
151 | <div id="DESCRIPTION_CONTENT"> |
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152 | <p>The newest version of this document is also available as a html-formatted |
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153 | web page you might find easier to navigate when reading it for the first |
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154 | time: <a href="http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html">http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html</a>.</p> |
118 | <p>Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
155 | <p>Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
119 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage |
156 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage |
120 | these event sources and provide your program with events.</p> |
157 | these event sources and provide your program with events.</p> |
121 | <p>To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
158 | <p>To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
122 | (or thread) by executing the <i>event loop</i> handler, and will then |
159 | (or thread) by executing the <i>event loop</i> handler, and will then |
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125 | watchers</i>, which are relatively small C structures you initialise with the |
162 | watchers</i>, which are relatively small C structures you initialise with the |
126 | details of the event, and then hand it over to libev by <i>starting</i> the |
163 | details of the event, and then hand it over to libev by <i>starting</i> the |
127 | watcher.</p> |
164 | watcher.</p> |
128 | |
165 | |
129 | </div> |
166 | </div> |
130 | <h1 id="FEATURES">FEATURES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
167 | <h1 id="FEATURES">FEATURES</h1> |
131 | <div id="FEATURES_CONTENT"> |
168 | <div id="FEATURES_CONTENT"> |
132 | <p>Libev supports select, poll, the linux-specific epoll and the bsd-specific |
169 | <p>Libev supports <code>select</code>, <code>poll</code>, the Linux-specific <code>epoll</code>, the |
133 | kqueue mechanisms for file descriptor events, relative timers, absolute |
170 | BSD-specific <code>kqueue</code> and the Solaris-specific event port mechanisms |
134 | timers with customised rescheduling, signal events, process status change |
171 | for file descriptor events (<code>ev_io</code>), the Linux <code>inotify</code> interface |
135 | events (related to SIGCHLD), and event watchers dealing with the event |
172 | (for <code>ev_stat</code>), relative timers (<code>ev_timer</code>), absolute timers |
136 | loop mechanism itself (idle, prepare and check watchers). It also is quite |
173 | with customised rescheduling (<code>ev_periodic</code>), synchronous signals |
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174 | (<code>ev_signal</code>), process status change events (<code>ev_child</code>), and event |
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175 | watchers dealing with the event loop mechanism itself (<code>ev_idle</code>, |
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176 | <code>ev_embed</code>, <code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> watchers) as well as |
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177 | file watchers (<code>ev_stat</code>) and even limited support for fork events |
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178 | (<code>ev_fork</code>).</p> |
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179 | <p>It also is quite fast (see this |
137 | fast (see this <a href="http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html">benchmark</a> comparing |
180 | <a href="http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html">benchmark</a> comparing it to libevent |
138 | it to libevent for example).</p> |
181 | for example).</p> |
139 | |
182 | |
140 | </div> |
183 | </div> |
141 | <h1 id="CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
184 | <h1 id="CONVENTIONS">CONVENTIONS</h1> |
142 | <div id="CONVENTIONS_CONTENT"> |
185 | <div id="CONVENTIONS_CONTENT"> |
143 | <p>Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration |
186 | <p>Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration will |
144 | will be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info |
187 | be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info about |
145 | about various configuration options please have a look at the file |
188 | various configuration options please have a look at <strong>EMBED</strong> section in |
146 | <cite>README.embed</cite> in the libev distribution. If libev was configured without |
189 | this manual. If libev was configured without support for multiple event |
147 | support for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial |
190 | loops, then all functions taking an initial argument of name <code>loop</code> |
148 | argument of name <code>loop</code> (which is always of type <code>struct ev_loop *</code>) |
191 | (which is always of type <code>struct ev_loop *</code>) will not have this argument.</p> |
149 | will not have this argument.</p> |
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150 | |
192 | |
151 | </div> |
193 | </div> |
152 | <h1 id="TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
194 | <h1 id="TIME_REPRESENTATION">TIME REPRESENTATION</h1> |
153 | <div id="TIME_REPRESENTATION_CONTENT"> |
195 | <div id="TIME_REPRESENTATION_CONTENT"> |
154 | <p>Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the |
196 | <p>Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the |
155 | (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near |
197 | (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near |
156 | the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is |
198 | the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is |
157 | called <code>ev_tstamp</code>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases |
199 | called <code>ev_tstamp</code>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases |
158 | to the <code>double</code> type in C, and when you need to do any calculations on |
200 | to the <code>double</code> type in C, and when you need to do any calculations on |
159 | it, you should treat it as such.</p> |
201 | it, you should treat it as such.</p> |
160 | |
202 | |
161 | </div> |
203 | </div> |
162 | <h1 id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
204 | <h1 id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS">GLOBAL FUNCTIONS</h1> |
163 | <div id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
205 | <div id="GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
164 | <p>These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the |
206 | <p>These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the |
165 | library in any way.</p> |
207 | library in any way.</p> |
166 | <dl> |
208 | <dl> |
167 | <dt>ev_tstamp ev_time ()</dt> |
209 | <dt>ev_tstamp ev_time ()</dt> |
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171 | you actually want to know.</p> |
213 | you actually want to know.</p> |
172 | </dd> |
214 | </dd> |
173 | <dt>int ev_version_major ()</dt> |
215 | <dt>int ev_version_major ()</dt> |
174 | <dt>int ev_version_minor ()</dt> |
216 | <dt>int ev_version_minor ()</dt> |
175 | <dd> |
217 | <dd> |
176 | <p>You can find out the major and minor version numbers of the library |
218 | <p>You can find out the major and minor ABI version numbers of the library |
177 | you linked against by calling the functions <code>ev_version_major</code> and |
219 | you linked against by calling the functions <code>ev_version_major</code> and |
178 | <code>ev_version_minor</code>. If you want, you can compare against the global |
220 | <code>ev_version_minor</code>. If you want, you can compare against the global |
179 | symbols <code>EV_VERSION_MAJOR</code> and <code>EV_VERSION_MINOR</code>, which specify the |
221 | symbols <code>EV_VERSION_MAJOR</code> and <code>EV_VERSION_MINOR</code>, which specify the |
180 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
222 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
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223 | <p>These version numbers refer to the ABI version of the library, not the |
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224 | release version.</p> |
181 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
225 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
182 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
226 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
183 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
227 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
184 | not a problem.</p> |
228 | not a problem.</p> |
185 | <p>Example: make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
229 | <p>Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
186 | version:</p> |
230 | version.</p> |
187 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
231 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
188 | ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR |
232 | ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR |
189 | && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR)); |
233 | && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR)); |
190 | |
234 | |
191 | </pre> |
235 | </pre> |
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219 | might be supported on the current system, you would need to look at |
263 | might be supported on the current system, you would need to look at |
220 | <code>ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()</code>, likewise for |
264 | <code>ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()</code>, likewise for |
221 | recommended ones.</p> |
265 | recommended ones.</p> |
222 | <p>See the description of <code>ev_embed</code> watchers for more info.</p> |
266 | <p>See the description of <code>ev_embed</code> watchers for more info.</p> |
223 | </dd> |
267 | </dd> |
224 | <dt>ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, size_t size))</dt> |
268 | <dt>ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))</dt> |
225 | <dd> |
269 | <dd> |
226 | <p>Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype and semantics are |
270 | <p>Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar - the |
227 | identical to the realloc C function). It is used to allocate and free |
271 | semantics is identical - to the realloc C function). It is used to |
228 | memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when memory needs to be |
272 | allocate and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when |
229 | allocated, the library might abort or take some potentially destructive |
273 | memory needs to be allocated, the library might abort or take some |
230 | action. The default is your system realloc function.</p> |
274 | potentially destructive action. The default is your system realloc |
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275 | function.</p> |
231 | <p>You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
276 | <p>You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
232 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
277 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
233 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.</p> |
278 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.</p> |
234 | <p>Example: replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
279 | <p>Example: Replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
235 | retries: better than mine).</p> |
280 | retries).</p> |
236 | <pre> static void * |
281 | <pre> static void * |
237 | persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
282 | persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
238 | { |
283 | { |
239 | for (;;) |
284 | for (;;) |
240 | { |
285 | { |
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259 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
304 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
260 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no |
305 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no |
261 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
306 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
262 | requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff |
307 | requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff |
263 | (such as abort).</p> |
308 | (such as abort).</p> |
264 | <p>Example: do the same thing as libev does internally:</p> |
309 | <p>Example: This is basically the same thing that libev does internally, too.</p> |
265 | <pre> static void |
310 | <pre> static void |
266 | fatal_error (const char *msg) |
311 | fatal_error (const char *msg) |
267 | { |
312 | { |
268 | perror (msg); |
313 | perror (msg); |
269 | abort (); |
314 | abort (); |
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275 | </pre> |
320 | </pre> |
276 | </dd> |
321 | </dd> |
277 | </dl> |
322 | </dl> |
278 | |
323 | |
279 | </div> |
324 | </div> |
280 | <h1 id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
325 | <h1 id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP">FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP</h1> |
281 | <div id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP-2"> |
326 | <div id="FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP-2"> |
282 | <p>An event loop is described by a <code>struct ev_loop *</code>. The library knows two |
327 | <p>An event loop is described by a <code>struct ev_loop *</code>. The library knows two |
283 | types of such loops, the <i>default</i> loop, which supports signals and child |
328 | types of such loops, the <i>default</i> loop, which supports signals and child |
284 | events, and dynamically created loops which do not.</p> |
329 | events, and dynamically created loops which do not.</p> |
285 | <p>If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop |
330 | <p>If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop |
… | |
… | |
314 | <code>LIBEV_FLAGS</code>. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will |
359 | <code>LIBEV_FLAGS</code>. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will |
315 | override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is |
360 | override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is |
316 | useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work |
361 | useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work |
317 | around bugs.</p> |
362 | around bugs.</p> |
318 | </dd> |
363 | </dd> |
|
|
364 | <dt><code>EVFLAG_FORKCHECK</code></dt> |
|
|
365 | <dd> |
|
|
366 | <p>Instead of calling <code>ev_default_fork</code> or <code>ev_loop_fork</code> manually after |
|
|
367 | a fork, you can also make libev check for a fork in each iteration by |
|
|
368 | enabling this flag.</p> |
|
|
369 | <p>This works by calling <code>getpid ()</code> on every iteration of the loop, |
|
|
370 | and thus this might slow down your event loop if you do a lot of loop |
|
|
371 | iterations and little real work, but is usually not noticeable (on my |
|
|
372 | Linux system for example, <code>getpid</code> is actually a simple 5-insn sequence |
|
|
373 | without a syscall and thus <i>very</i> fast, but my Linux system also has |
|
|
374 | <code>pthread_atfork</code> which is even faster).</p> |
|
|
375 | <p>The big advantage of this flag is that you can forget about fork (and |
|
|
376 | forget about forgetting to tell libev about forking) when you use this |
|
|
377 | flag.</p> |
|
|
378 | <p>This flag setting cannot be overriden or specified in the <code>LIBEV_FLAGS</code> |
|
|
379 | environment variable.</p> |
|
|
380 | </dd> |
319 | <dt><code>EVBACKEND_SELECT</code> (value 1, portable select backend)</dt> |
381 | <dt><code>EVBACKEND_SELECT</code> (value 1, portable select backend)</dt> |
320 | <dd> |
382 | <dd> |
321 | <p>This is your standard select(2) backend. Not <i>completely</i> standard, as |
383 | <p>This is your standard select(2) backend. Not <i>completely</i> standard, as |
322 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
384 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
323 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
385 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
… | |
… | |
405 | <dd> |
467 | <dd> |
406 | <p>Similar to <code>ev_default_loop</code>, but always creates a new event loop that is |
468 | <p>Similar to <code>ev_default_loop</code>, but always creates a new event loop that is |
407 | always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot |
469 | always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot |
408 | handle signal and child watchers, and attempts to do so will be greeted by |
470 | handle signal and child watchers, and attempts to do so will be greeted by |
409 | undefined behaviour (or a failed assertion if assertions are enabled).</p> |
471 | undefined behaviour (or a failed assertion if assertions are enabled).</p> |
410 | <p>Example: try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else.</p> |
472 | <p>Example: Try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else.</p> |
411 | <pre> struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV); |
473 | <pre> struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV); |
412 | if (!epoller) |
474 | if (!epoller) |
413 | fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
475 | fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); |
414 | |
476 | |
415 | </pre> |
477 | </pre> |
… | |
… | |
451 | <dt>ev_loop_fork (loop)</dt> |
513 | <dt>ev_loop_fork (loop)</dt> |
452 | <dd> |
514 | <dd> |
453 | <p>Like <code>ev_default_fork</code>, but acts on an event loop created by |
515 | <p>Like <code>ev_default_fork</code>, but acts on an event loop created by |
454 | <code>ev_loop_new</code>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop |
516 | <code>ev_loop_new</code>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop |
455 | after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.</p> |
517 | after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.</p> |
|
|
518 | </dd> |
|
|
519 | <dt>unsigned int ev_loop_count (loop)</dt> |
|
|
520 | <dd> |
|
|
521 | <p>Returns the count of loop iterations for the loop, which is identical to |
|
|
522 | the number of times libev did poll for new events. It starts at <code>0</code> and |
|
|
523 | happily wraps around with enough iterations.</p> |
|
|
524 | <p>This value can sometimes be useful as a generation counter of sorts (it |
|
|
525 | "ticks" the number of loop iterations), as it roughly corresponds with |
|
|
526 | <code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> calls.</p> |
456 | </dd> |
527 | </dd> |
457 | <dt>unsigned int ev_backend (loop)</dt> |
528 | <dt>unsigned int ev_backend (loop)</dt> |
458 | <dd> |
529 | <dd> |
459 | <p>Returns one of the <code>EVBACKEND_*</code> flags indicating the event backend in |
530 | <p>Returns one of the <code>EVBACKEND_*</code> flags indicating the event backend in |
460 | use.</p> |
531 | use.</p> |
… | |
… | |
488 | one iteration of the loop. This is useful if you are waiting for some |
559 | one iteration of the loop. This is useful if you are waiting for some |
489 | external event in conjunction with something not expressible using other |
560 | external event in conjunction with something not expressible using other |
490 | libev watchers. However, a pair of <code>ev_prepare</code>/<code>ev_check</code> watchers is |
561 | libev watchers. However, a pair of <code>ev_prepare</code>/<code>ev_check</code> watchers is |
491 | usually a better approach for this kind of thing.</p> |
562 | usually a better approach for this kind of thing.</p> |
492 | <p>Here are the gory details of what <code>ev_loop</code> does:</p> |
563 | <p>Here are the gory details of what <code>ev_loop</code> does:</p> |
|
|
564 | <pre> - Before the first iteration, call any pending watchers. |
493 | <pre> * If there are no active watchers (reference count is zero), return. |
565 | * If there are no active watchers (reference count is zero), return. |
494 | - Queue prepare watchers and then call all outstanding watchers. |
566 | - Queue all prepare watchers and then call all outstanding watchers. |
495 | - If we have been forked, recreate the kernel state. |
567 | - If we have been forked, recreate the kernel state. |
496 | - Update the kernel state with all outstanding changes. |
568 | - Update the kernel state with all outstanding changes. |
497 | - Update the "event loop time". |
569 | - Update the "event loop time". |
498 | - Calculate for how long to block. |
570 | - Calculate for how long to block. |
499 | - Block the process, waiting for any events. |
571 | - Block the process, waiting for any events. |
… | |
… | |
508 | be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed. |
580 | be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed. |
509 | - If ev_unloop has been called or EVLOOP_ONESHOT or EVLOOP_NONBLOCK |
581 | - If ev_unloop has been called or EVLOOP_ONESHOT or EVLOOP_NONBLOCK |
510 | were used, return, otherwise continue with step *. |
582 | were used, return, otherwise continue with step *. |
511 | |
583 | |
512 | </pre> |
584 | </pre> |
513 | <p>Example: queue some jobs and then loop until no events are outsanding |
585 | <p>Example: Queue some jobs and then loop until no events are outsanding |
514 | anymore.</p> |
586 | anymore.</p> |
515 | <pre> ... queue jobs here, make sure they register event watchers as long |
587 | <pre> ... queue jobs here, make sure they register event watchers as long |
516 | ... as they still have work to do (even an idle watcher will do..) |
588 | ... as they still have work to do (even an idle watcher will do..) |
517 | ev_loop (my_loop, 0); |
589 | ev_loop (my_loop, 0); |
518 | ... jobs done. yeah! |
590 | ... jobs done. yeah! |
… | |
… | |
537 | example, libev itself uses this for its internal signal pipe: It is not |
609 | example, libev itself uses this for its internal signal pipe: It is not |
538 | visible to the libev user and should not keep <code>ev_loop</code> from exiting if |
610 | visible to the libev user and should not keep <code>ev_loop</code> from exiting if |
539 | no event watchers registered by it are active. It is also an excellent |
611 | no event watchers registered by it are active. It is also an excellent |
540 | way to do this for generic recurring timers or from within third-party |
612 | way to do this for generic recurring timers or from within third-party |
541 | libraries. Just remember to <i>unref after start</i> and <i>ref before stop</i>.</p> |
613 | libraries. Just remember to <i>unref after start</i> and <i>ref before stop</i>.</p> |
542 | <p>Example: create a signal watcher, but keep it from keeping <code>ev_loop</code> |
614 | <p>Example: Create a signal watcher, but keep it from keeping <code>ev_loop</code> |
543 | running when nothing else is active.</p> |
615 | running when nothing else is active.</p> |
544 | <pre> struct dv_signal exitsig; |
616 | <pre> struct ev_signal exitsig; |
545 | ev_signal_init (&exitsig, sig_cb, SIGINT); |
617 | ev_signal_init (&exitsig, sig_cb, SIGINT); |
546 | ev_signal_start (myloop, &exitsig); |
618 | ev_signal_start (loop, &exitsig); |
547 | evf_unref (myloop); |
619 | evf_unref (loop); |
548 | |
620 | |
549 | </pre> |
621 | </pre> |
550 | <p>Example: for some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again.</p> |
622 | <p>Example: For some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again.</p> |
551 | <pre> ev_ref (myloop); |
623 | <pre> ev_ref (loop); |
552 | ev_signal_stop (myloop, &exitsig); |
624 | ev_signal_stop (loop, &exitsig); |
553 | |
625 | |
554 | </pre> |
626 | </pre> |
555 | </dd> |
627 | </dd> |
556 | </dl> |
628 | </dl> |
557 | |
629 | |
558 | |
630 | |
559 | |
631 | |
560 | |
632 | |
561 | |
633 | |
562 | </div> |
634 | </div> |
563 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
635 | <h1 id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER">ANATOMY OF A WATCHER</h1> |
564 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
636 | <div id="ANATOMY_OF_A_WATCHER_CONTENT"> |
565 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
637 | <p>A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your |
566 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
638 | interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to |
567 | become readable, you would create an <code>ev_io</code> watcher for that:</p> |
639 | become readable, you would create an <code>ev_io</code> watcher for that:</p> |
568 | <pre> static void my_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
640 | <pre> static void my_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
… | |
… | |
728 | <dt>bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
800 | <dt>bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
729 | <dd> |
801 | <dd> |
730 | <p>Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding |
802 | <p>Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding |
731 | events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher |
803 | events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher |
732 | is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but |
804 | is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but |
733 | <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> is safe) and you must make sure the watcher is available to |
805 | <code>ev_TYPE_set</code> is safe), you must not change its priority, and you must |
734 | libev (e.g. you cnanot <code>free ()</code> it).</p> |
806 | make sure the watcher is available to libev (e.g. you cannot <code>free ()</code> |
|
|
807 | it).</p> |
735 | </dd> |
808 | </dd> |
736 | <dt>callback = ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
809 | <dt>callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
737 | <dd> |
810 | <dd> |
738 | <p>Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.</p> |
811 | <p>Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.</p> |
739 | </dd> |
812 | </dd> |
740 | <dt>ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
813 | <dt>ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)</dt> |
741 | <dd> |
814 | <dd> |
742 | <p>Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time |
815 | <p>Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time |
743 | (modulo threads).</p> |
816 | (modulo threads).</p> |
|
|
817 | </dd> |
|
|
818 | <dt>ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, priority)</dt> |
|
|
819 | <dt>int ev_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
|
|
820 | <dd> |
|
|
821 | <p>Set and query the priority of the watcher. The priority is a small |
|
|
822 | integer between <code>EV_MAXPRI</code> (default: <code>2</code>) and <code>EV_MINPRI</code> |
|
|
823 | (default: <code>-2</code>). Pending watchers with higher priority will be invoked |
|
|
824 | before watchers with lower priority, but priority will not keep watchers |
|
|
825 | from being executed (except for <code>ev_idle</code> watchers).</p> |
|
|
826 | <p>This means that priorities are <i>only</i> used for ordering callback |
|
|
827 | invocation after new events have been received. This is useful, for |
|
|
828 | example, to reduce latency after idling, or more often, to bind two |
|
|
829 | watchers on the same event and make sure one is called first.</p> |
|
|
830 | <p>If you need to suppress invocation when higher priority events are pending |
|
|
831 | you need to look at <code>ev_idle</code> watchers, which provide this functionality.</p> |
|
|
832 | <p>You <i>must not</i> change the priority of a watcher as long as it is active or |
|
|
833 | pending.</p> |
|
|
834 | <p>The default priority used by watchers when no priority has been set is |
|
|
835 | always <code>0</code>, which is supposed to not be too high and not be too low :).</p> |
|
|
836 | <p>Setting a priority outside the range of <code>EV_MINPRI</code> to <code>EV_MAXPRI</code> is |
|
|
837 | fine, as long as you do not mind that the priority value you query might |
|
|
838 | or might not have been adjusted to be within valid range.</p> |
|
|
839 | </dd> |
|
|
840 | <dt>ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)</dt> |
|
|
841 | <dd> |
|
|
842 | <p>Invoke the <code>watcher</code> with the given <code>loop</code> and <code>revents</code>. Neither |
|
|
843 | <code>loop</code> nor <code>revents</code> need to be valid as long as the watcher callback |
|
|
844 | can deal with that fact.</p> |
|
|
845 | </dd> |
|
|
846 | <dt>int ev_clear_pending (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher)</dt> |
|
|
847 | <dd> |
|
|
848 | <p>If the watcher is pending, this function returns clears its pending status |
|
|
849 | and returns its <code>revents</code> bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the |
|
|
850 | watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns <code>0</code>.</p> |
744 | </dd> |
851 | </dd> |
745 | </dl> |
852 | </dl> |
746 | |
853 | |
747 | |
854 | |
748 | |
855 | |
… | |
… | |
773 | struct my_io *w = (struct my_io *)w_; |
880 | struct my_io *w = (struct my_io *)w_; |
774 | ... |
881 | ... |
775 | } |
882 | } |
776 | |
883 | |
777 | </pre> |
884 | </pre> |
778 | <p>More interesting and less C-conformant ways of catsing your callback type |
885 | <p>More interesting and less C-conformant ways of casting your callback type |
779 | have been omitted....</p> |
886 | instead have been omitted.</p> |
|
|
887 | <p>Another common scenario is having some data structure with multiple |
|
|
888 | watchers:</p> |
|
|
889 | <pre> struct my_biggy |
|
|
890 | { |
|
|
891 | int some_data; |
|
|
892 | ev_timer t1; |
|
|
893 | ev_timer t2; |
|
|
894 | } |
780 | |
895 | |
|
|
896 | </pre> |
|
|
897 | <p>In this case getting the pointer to <code>my_biggy</code> is a bit more complicated, |
|
|
898 | you need to use <code>offsetof</code>:</p> |
|
|
899 | <pre> #include <stddef.h> |
781 | |
900 | |
|
|
901 | static void |
|
|
902 | t1_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
|
|
903 | { |
|
|
904 | struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy * |
|
|
905 | (((char *)w) - offsetof (struct my_biggy, t1)); |
|
|
906 | } |
782 | |
907 | |
|
|
908 | static void |
|
|
909 | t2_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
|
|
910 | { |
|
|
911 | struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy * |
|
|
912 | (((char *)w) - offsetof (struct my_biggy, t2)); |
|
|
913 | } |
783 | |
914 | |
784 | |
915 | |
|
|
916 | |
|
|
917 | |
|
|
918 | </pre> |
|
|
919 | |
785 | </div> |
920 | </div> |
786 | <h1 id="WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
921 | <h1 id="WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</h1> |
787 | <div id="WATCHER_TYPES_CONTENT"> |
922 | <div id="WATCHER_TYPES_CONTENT"> |
788 | <p>This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
923 | <p>This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat |
789 | information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros, |
924 | information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros, |
790 | functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.</p> |
925 | functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.</p> |
791 | <p>Members are additionally marked with either <i>[read-only]</i>, meaning that, |
926 | <p>Members are additionally marked with either <i>[read-only]</i>, meaning that, |
… | |
… | |
831 | this situation even with a relatively standard program structure. Thus |
966 | this situation even with a relatively standard program structure. Thus |
832 | it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra <code>read</code>(2) returning |
967 | it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra <code>read</code>(2) returning |
833 | <code>EAGAIN</code> is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives.</p> |
968 | <code>EAGAIN</code> is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives.</p> |
834 | <p>If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
969 | <p>If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
835 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
970 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
836 | wether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
971 | whether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
837 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
972 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
838 | its own, so its quite safe to use).</p> |
973 | its own, so its quite safe to use).</p> |
|
|
974 | |
|
|
975 | </div> |
|
|
976 | <h3 id="The_special_problem_of_disappearing_">The special problem of disappearing file descriptors</h3> |
|
|
977 | <div id="The_special_problem_of_disappearing_-2"> |
|
|
978 | <p>Some backends (e.g kqueue, epoll) need to be told about closing a file |
|
|
979 | descriptor (either by calling <code>close</code> explicitly or by any other means, |
|
|
980 | such as <code>dup</code>). The reason is that you register interest in some file |
|
|
981 | descriptor, but when it goes away, the operating system will silently drop |
|
|
982 | this interest. If another file descriptor with the same number then is |
|
|
983 | registered with libev, there is no efficient way to see that this is, in |
|
|
984 | fact, a different file descriptor.</p> |
|
|
985 | <p>To avoid having to explicitly tell libev about such cases, libev follows |
|
|
986 | the following policy: Each time <code>ev_io_set</code> is being called, libev |
|
|
987 | will assume that this is potentially a new file descriptor, otherwise |
|
|
988 | it is assumed that the file descriptor stays the same. That means that |
|
|
989 | you <i>have</i> to call <code>ev_io_set</code> (or <code>ev_io_init</code>) when you change the |
|
|
990 | descriptor even if the file descriptor number itself did not change.</p> |
|
|
991 | <p>This is how one would do it normally anyway, the important point is that |
|
|
992 | the libev application should not optimise around libev but should leave |
|
|
993 | optimisations to libev.</p> |
|
|
994 | |
|
|
995 | |
|
|
996 | |
|
|
997 | |
|
|
998 | |
|
|
999 | </div> |
|
|
1000 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions">Watcher-Specific Functions</h3> |
|
|
1001 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_CONTENT"> |
839 | <dl> |
1002 | <dl> |
840 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
1003 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
841 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
1004 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
842 | <dd> |
1005 | <dd> |
843 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The <code>fd</code> is the file descriptor to |
1006 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The <code>fd</code> is the file descriptor to |
… | |
… | |
851 | <dt>int events [read-only]</dt> |
1014 | <dt>int events [read-only]</dt> |
852 | <dd> |
1015 | <dd> |
853 | <p>The events being watched.</p> |
1016 | <p>The events being watched.</p> |
854 | </dd> |
1017 | </dd> |
855 | </dl> |
1018 | </dl> |
856 | <p>Example: call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
1019 | <p>Example: Call <code>stdin_readable_cb</code> when STDIN_FILENO has become, well |
857 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
1020 | readable, but only once. Since it is likely line-buffered, you could |
858 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback:</p> |
1021 | attempt to read a whole line in the callback.</p> |
859 | <pre> static void |
1022 | <pre> static void |
860 | stdin_readable_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
1023 | stdin_readable_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
861 | { |
1024 | { |
862 | ev_io_stop (loop, w); |
1025 | ev_io_stop (loop, w); |
863 | .. read from stdin here (or from w->fd) and haqndle any I/O errors |
1026 | .. read from stdin here (or from w->fd) and haqndle any I/O errors |
… | |
… | |
894 | |
1057 | |
895 | </pre> |
1058 | </pre> |
896 | <p>The callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when its timeout has passed, |
1059 | <p>The callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when its timeout has passed, |
897 | but if multiple timers become ready during the same loop iteration then |
1060 | but if multiple timers become ready during the same loop iteration then |
898 | order of execution is undefined.</p> |
1061 | order of execution is undefined.</p> |
|
|
1062 | |
|
|
1063 | </div> |
|
|
1064 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1065 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2"> |
899 | <dl> |
1066 | <dl> |
900 | <dt>ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1067 | <dt>ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
901 | <dt>ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1068 | <dt>ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
902 | <dd> |
1069 | <dd> |
903 | <p>Configure the timer to trigger after <code>after</code> seconds. If <code>repeat</code> is |
1070 | <p>Configure the timer to trigger after <code>after</code> seconds. If <code>repeat</code> is |
… | |
… | |
912 | </dd> |
1079 | </dd> |
913 | <dt>ev_timer_again (loop)</dt> |
1080 | <dt>ev_timer_again (loop)</dt> |
914 | <dd> |
1081 | <dd> |
915 | <p>This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is |
1082 | <p>This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is |
916 | repeating. The exact semantics are:</p> |
1083 | repeating. The exact semantics are:</p> |
|
|
1084 | <p>If the timer is pending, its pending status is cleared.</p> |
917 | <p>If the timer is started but nonrepeating, stop it.</p> |
1085 | <p>If the timer is started but nonrepeating, stop it (as if it timed out).</p> |
918 | <p>If the timer is repeating, either start it if necessary (with the repeat |
1086 | <p>If the timer is repeating, either start it if necessary (with the |
919 | value), or reset the running timer to the repeat value.</p> |
1087 | <code>repeat</code> value), or reset the running timer to the <code>repeat</code> value.</p> |
920 | <p>This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical |
1088 | <p>This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical |
921 | example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called |
1089 | example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called idle |
922 | idle timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been, |
1090 | timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been, say, 60 |
923 | say, 60 seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do |
1091 | seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do this is to |
924 | this is to configure an <code>ev_timer</code> with <code>after</code>=<code>repeat</code>=<code>60</code> and calling |
1092 | configure an <code>ev_timer</code> with a <code>repeat</code> value of <code>60</code> and then call |
925 | <code>ev_timer_again</code> each time you successfully read or write some data. If |
1093 | <code>ev_timer_again</code> each time you successfully read or write some data. If |
926 | you go into an idle state where you do not expect data to travel on the |
1094 | you go into an idle state where you do not expect data to travel on the |
927 | socket, you can stop the timer, and again will automatically restart it if |
1095 | socket, you can <code>ev_timer_stop</code> the timer, and <code>ev_timer_again</code> will |
928 | need be.</p> |
1096 | automatically restart it if need be.</p> |
929 | <p>You can also ignore the <code>after</code> value and <code>ev_timer_start</code> altogether |
1097 | <p>That means you can ignore the <code>after</code> value and <code>ev_timer_start</code> |
930 | and only ever use the <code>repeat</code> value:</p> |
1098 | altogether and only ever use the <code>repeat</code> value and <code>ev_timer_again</code>:</p> |
931 | <pre> ev_timer_init (timer, callback, 0., 5.); |
1099 | <pre> ev_timer_init (timer, callback, 0., 5.); |
932 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
1100 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
933 | ... |
1101 | ... |
934 | timer->again = 17.; |
1102 | timer->again = 17.; |
935 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
1103 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
936 | ... |
1104 | ... |
937 | timer->again = 10.; |
1105 | timer->again = 10.; |
938 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
1106 | ev_timer_again (loop, timer); |
939 | |
1107 | |
940 | </pre> |
1108 | </pre> |
941 | <p>This is more efficient then stopping/starting the timer eahc time you want |
1109 | <p>This is more slightly efficient then stopping/starting the timer each time |
942 | to modify its timeout value.</p> |
1110 | you want to modify its timeout value.</p> |
943 | </dd> |
1111 | </dd> |
944 | <dt>ev_tstamp repeat [read-write]</dt> |
1112 | <dt>ev_tstamp repeat [read-write]</dt> |
945 | <dd> |
1113 | <dd> |
946 | <p>The current <code>repeat</code> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out |
1114 | <p>The current <code>repeat</code> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out |
947 | or <code>ev_timer_again</code> is called and determines the next timeout (if any), |
1115 | or <code>ev_timer_again</code> is called and determines the next timeout (if any), |
948 | which is also when any modifications are taken into account.</p> |
1116 | which is also when any modifications are taken into account.</p> |
949 | </dd> |
1117 | </dd> |
950 | </dl> |
1118 | </dl> |
951 | <p>Example: create a timer that fires after 60 seconds.</p> |
1119 | <p>Example: Create a timer that fires after 60 seconds.</p> |
952 | <pre> static void |
1120 | <pre> static void |
953 | one_minute_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
1121 | one_minute_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
954 | { |
1122 | { |
955 | .. one minute over, w is actually stopped right here |
1123 | .. one minute over, w is actually stopped right here |
956 | } |
1124 | } |
… | |
… | |
958 | struct ev_timer mytimer; |
1126 | struct ev_timer mytimer; |
959 | ev_timer_init (&mytimer, one_minute_cb, 60., 0.); |
1127 | ev_timer_init (&mytimer, one_minute_cb, 60., 0.); |
960 | ev_timer_start (loop, &mytimer); |
1128 | ev_timer_start (loop, &mytimer); |
961 | |
1129 | |
962 | </pre> |
1130 | </pre> |
963 | <p>Example: create a timeout timer that times out after 10 seconds of |
1131 | <p>Example: Create a timeout timer that times out after 10 seconds of |
964 | inactivity.</p> |
1132 | inactivity.</p> |
965 | <pre> static void |
1133 | <pre> static void |
966 | timeout_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
1134 | timeout_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_timer *w, int revents) |
967 | { |
1135 | { |
968 | .. ten seconds without any activity |
1136 | .. ten seconds without any activity |
… | |
… | |
991 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
1159 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
992 | to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
1160 | to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
993 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. <code>ev_now () |
1161 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. <code>ev_now () |
994 | + 10.</code>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
1162 | + 10.</code>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
995 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an <code>ev_timer</code>, which would trigger |
1163 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an <code>ev_timer</code>, which would trigger |
996 | roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time |
1164 | roughly 10 seconds later).</p> |
997 | again).</p> |
|
|
998 | <p>They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
1165 | <p>They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
999 | triggering an event on eahc midnight, local time.</p> |
1166 | triggering an event on each midnight, local time or other, complicated, |
|
|
1167 | rules.</p> |
1000 | <p>As with timers, the callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when the |
1168 | <p>As with timers, the callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when the |
1001 | time (<code>at</code>) has been passed, but if multiple periodic timers become ready |
1169 | time (<code>at</code>) has been passed, but if multiple periodic timers become ready |
1002 | during the same loop iteration then order of execution is undefined.</p> |
1170 | during the same loop iteration then order of execution is undefined.</p> |
|
|
1171 | |
|
|
1172 | </div> |
|
|
1173 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-3">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1174 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2"> |
1003 | <dl> |
1175 | <dl> |
1004 | <dt>ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1176 | <dt>ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1005 | <dt>ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1177 | <dt>ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1006 | <dd> |
1178 | <dd> |
1007 | <p>Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of |
1179 | <p>Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of |
1008 | operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:</p> |
1180 | operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:</p> |
1009 | <p> |
1181 | <p> |
1010 | <dl> |
1182 | <dl> |
1011 | <dt>* absolute timer (interval = reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1183 | <dt>* absolute timer (at = time, interval = reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1012 | <dd> |
1184 | <dd> |
1013 | <p>In this configuration the watcher triggers an event at the wallclock time |
1185 | <p>In this configuration the watcher triggers an event at the wallclock time |
1014 | <code>at</code> and doesn't repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, |
1186 | <code>at</code> and doesn't repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, |
1015 | that is, if it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the |
1187 | that is, if it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the |
1016 | system time reaches or surpasses this time.</p> |
1188 | system time reaches or surpasses this time.</p> |
1017 | </dd> |
1189 | </dd> |
1018 | <dt>* non-repeating interval timer (interval > 0, reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1190 | <dt>* non-repeating interval timer (at = offset, interval > 0, reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1019 | <dd> |
1191 | <dd> |
1020 | <p>In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the next |
1192 | <p>In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the next |
1021 | <code>at + N * interval</code> time (for some integer N) and then repeat, regardless |
1193 | <code>at + N * interval</code> time (for some integer N, which can also be negative) |
1022 | of any time jumps.</p> |
1194 | and then repeat, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
1023 | <p>This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect to system |
1195 | <p>This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect to system |
1024 | time:</p> |
1196 | time:</p> |
1025 | <pre> ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0); |
1197 | <pre> ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0); |
1026 | |
1198 | |
1027 | </pre> |
1199 | </pre> |
… | |
… | |
1030 | full hour (UTC), or more correctly, when the system time is evenly divisible |
1202 | full hour (UTC), or more correctly, when the system time is evenly divisible |
1031 | by 3600.</p> |
1203 | by 3600.</p> |
1032 | <p>Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that |
1204 | <p>Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that |
1033 | <code>ev_periodic</code> will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible |
1205 | <code>ev_periodic</code> will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible |
1034 | time where <code>time = at (mod interval)</code>, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
1206 | time where <code>time = at (mod interval)</code>, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
|
|
1207 | <p>For numerical stability it is preferable that the <code>at</code> value is near |
|
|
1208 | <code>ev_now ()</code> (the current time), but there is no range requirement for |
|
|
1209 | this value.</p> |
1035 | </dd> |
1210 | </dd> |
1036 | <dt>* manual reschedule mode (reschedule_cb = callback)</dt> |
1211 | <dt>* manual reschedule mode (at and interval ignored, reschedule_cb = callback)</dt> |
1037 | <dd> |
1212 | <dd> |
1038 | <p>In this mode the values for <code>interval</code> and <code>at</code> are both being |
1213 | <p>In this mode the values for <code>interval</code> and <code>at</code> are both being |
1039 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
1214 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
1040 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
1215 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
1041 | current time as second argument.</p> |
1216 | current time as second argument.</p> |
1042 | <p>NOTE: <i>This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy any periodic watcher, |
1217 | <p>NOTE: <i>This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy any periodic watcher, |
1043 | ever, or make any event loop modifications</i>. If you need to stop it, |
1218 | ever, or make any event loop modifications</i>. If you need to stop it, |
1044 | return <code>now + 1e30</code> (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards (e.g. by |
1219 | return <code>now + 1e30</code> (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards (e.g. by |
1045 | starting a prepare watcher).</p> |
1220 | starting an <code>ev_prepare</code> watcher, which is legal).</p> |
1046 | <p>Its prototype is <code>ev_tstamp (*reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic *w, |
1221 | <p>Its prototype is <code>ev_tstamp (*reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic *w, |
1047 | ev_tstamp now)</code>, e.g.:</p> |
1222 | ev_tstamp now)</code>, e.g.:</p> |
1048 | <pre> static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1223 | <pre> static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1049 | { |
1224 | { |
1050 | return now + 60.; |
1225 | return now + 60.; |
… | |
… | |
1071 | <p>Simply stops and restarts the periodic watcher again. This is only useful |
1246 | <p>Simply stops and restarts the periodic watcher again. This is only useful |
1072 | when you changed some parameters or the reschedule callback would return |
1247 | when you changed some parameters or the reschedule callback would return |
1073 | a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like |
1248 | a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like |
1074 | program when the crontabs have changed).</p> |
1249 | program when the crontabs have changed).</p> |
1075 | </dd> |
1250 | </dd> |
|
|
1251 | <dt>ev_tstamp offset [read-write]</dt> |
|
|
1252 | <dd> |
|
|
1253 | <p>When repeating, this contains the offset value, otherwise this is the |
|
|
1254 | absolute point in time (the <code>at</code> value passed to <code>ev_periodic_set</code>).</p> |
|
|
1255 | <p>Can be modified any time, but changes only take effect when the periodic |
|
|
1256 | timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
|
|
1257 | </dd> |
1076 | <dt>ev_tstamp interval [read-write]</dt> |
1258 | <dt>ev_tstamp interval [read-write]</dt> |
1077 | <dd> |
1259 | <dd> |
1078 | <p>The current interval value. Can be modified any time, but changes only |
1260 | <p>The current interval value. Can be modified any time, but changes only |
1079 | take effect when the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being |
1261 | take effect when the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being |
1080 | called.</p> |
1262 | called.</p> |
… | |
… | |
1084 | <p>The current reschedule callback, or <code>0</code>, if this functionality is |
1266 | <p>The current reschedule callback, or <code>0</code>, if this functionality is |
1085 | switched off. Can be changed any time, but changes only take effect when |
1267 | switched off. Can be changed any time, but changes only take effect when |
1086 | the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
1268 | the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
1087 | </dd> |
1269 | </dd> |
1088 | </dl> |
1270 | </dl> |
1089 | <p>Example: call a callback every hour, or, more precisely, whenever the |
1271 | <p>Example: Call a callback every hour, or, more precisely, whenever the |
1090 | system clock is divisible by 3600. The callback invocation times have |
1272 | system clock is divisible by 3600. The callback invocation times have |
1091 | potentially a lot of jittering, but good long-term stability.</p> |
1273 | potentially a lot of jittering, but good long-term stability.</p> |
1092 | <pre> static void |
1274 | <pre> static void |
1093 | clock_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
1275 | clock_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_io *w, int revents) |
1094 | { |
1276 | { |
… | |
… | |
1098 | struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1280 | struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1099 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 3600., 0); |
1281 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 3600., 0); |
1100 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1282 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1101 | |
1283 | |
1102 | </pre> |
1284 | </pre> |
1103 | <p>Example: the same as above, but use a reschedule callback to do it:</p> |
1285 | <p>Example: The same as above, but use a reschedule callback to do it:</p> |
1104 | <pre> #include <math.h> |
1286 | <pre> #include <math.h> |
1105 | |
1287 | |
1106 | static ev_tstamp |
1288 | static ev_tstamp |
1107 | my_scheduler_cb (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1289 | my_scheduler_cb (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1108 | { |
1290 | { |
… | |
… | |
1110 | } |
1292 | } |
1111 | |
1293 | |
1112 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 0., my_scheduler_cb); |
1294 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, 0., 0., my_scheduler_cb); |
1113 | |
1295 | |
1114 | </pre> |
1296 | </pre> |
1115 | <p>Example: call a callback every hour, starting now:</p> |
1297 | <p>Example: Call a callback every hour, starting now:</p> |
1116 | <pre> struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1298 | <pre> struct ev_periodic hourly_tick; |
1117 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1299 | ev_periodic_init (&hourly_tick, clock_cb, |
1118 | fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1300 | fmod (ev_now (loop), 3600.), 3600., 0); |
1119 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1301 | ev_periodic_start (loop, &hourly_tick); |
1120 | |
1302 | |
… | |
… | |
1134 | first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher |
1316 | first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher |
1135 | with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long |
1317 | with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long |
1136 | as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal |
1318 | as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal |
1137 | watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to |
1319 | watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to |
1138 | SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).</p> |
1320 | SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).</p> |
|
|
1321 | |
|
|
1322 | </div> |
|
|
1323 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-4">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1324 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-2"> |
1139 | <dl> |
1325 | <dl> |
1140 | <dt>ev_signal_init (ev_signal *, callback, int signum)</dt> |
1326 | <dt>ev_signal_init (ev_signal *, callback, int signum)</dt> |
1141 | <dt>ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)</dt> |
1327 | <dt>ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)</dt> |
1142 | <dd> |
1328 | <dd> |
1143 | <p>Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
1329 | <p>Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
… | |
… | |
1156 | </div> |
1342 | </div> |
1157 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</h2> |
1343 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</h2> |
1158 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro-2"> |
1344 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro-2"> |
1159 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1345 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1160 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
1346 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
|
|
1347 | |
|
|
1348 | </div> |
|
|
1349 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-5">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1350 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-3"> |
1161 | <dl> |
1351 | <dl> |
1162 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1352 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1163 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
1353 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
1164 | <dd> |
1354 | <dd> |
1165 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process <code>pid</code> (or |
1355 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process <code>pid</code> (or |
… | |
… | |
1181 | <dd> |
1371 | <dd> |
1182 | <p>The process exit/trace status caused by <code>rpid</code> (see your systems |
1372 | <p>The process exit/trace status caused by <code>rpid</code> (see your systems |
1183 | <code>waitpid</code> and <code>sys/wait.h</code> documentation for details).</p> |
1373 | <code>waitpid</code> and <code>sys/wait.h</code> documentation for details).</p> |
1184 | </dd> |
1374 | </dd> |
1185 | </dl> |
1375 | </dl> |
1186 | <p>Example: try to exit cleanly on SIGINT and SIGTERM.</p> |
1376 | <p>Example: Try to exit cleanly on SIGINT and SIGTERM.</p> |
1187 | <pre> static void |
1377 | <pre> static void |
1188 | sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_signal *w, int revents) |
1378 | sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_signal *w, int revents) |
1189 | { |
1379 | { |
1190 | ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL); |
1380 | ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL); |
1191 | } |
1381 | } |
… | |
… | |
1208 | <p>The path does not need to exist: changing from "path exists" to "path does |
1398 | <p>The path does not need to exist: changing from "path exists" to "path does |
1209 | not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does |
1399 | not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does |
1210 | not exist" is signified by the <code>st_nlink</code> field being zero (which is |
1400 | not exist" is signified by the <code>st_nlink</code> field being zero (which is |
1211 | otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of |
1401 | otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of |
1212 | the stat buffer having unspecified contents.</p> |
1402 | the stat buffer having unspecified contents.</p> |
|
|
1403 | <p>The path <i>should</i> be absolute and <i>must not</i> end in a slash. If it is |
|
|
1404 | relative and your working directory changes, the behaviour is undefined.</p> |
1213 | <p>Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply |
1405 | <p>Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply |
1214 | calls <code>stat (2)</code> regulalry on the path to see if it changed somehow. You |
1406 | calls <code>stat (2)</code> regularly on the path to see if it changed somehow. You |
1215 | can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify |
1407 | can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify |
1216 | a polling interval of <code>0</code> (highly recommended!) then a <i>suitable, |
1408 | a polling interval of <code>0</code> (highly recommended!) then a <i>suitable, |
1217 | unspecified default</i> value will be used (which you can expect to be around |
1409 | unspecified default</i> value will be used (which you can expect to be around |
1218 | five seconds, although this might change dynamically). Libev will also |
1410 | five seconds, although this might change dynamically). Libev will also |
1219 | impose a minimum interval which is currently around <code>0.1</code>, but thats |
1411 | impose a minimum interval which is currently around <code>0.1</code>, but thats |
1220 | usually overkill.</p> |
1412 | usually overkill.</p> |
1221 | <p>This watcher type is not meant for massive numbers of stat watchers, |
1413 | <p>This watcher type is not meant for massive numbers of stat watchers, |
1222 | as even with OS-supported change notifications, this can be |
1414 | as even with OS-supported change notifications, this can be |
1223 | resource-intensive.</p> |
1415 | resource-intensive.</p> |
1224 | <p>At the time of this writing, no specific OS backends are implemented, but |
1416 | <p>At the time of this writing, only the Linux inotify interface is |
1225 | if demand increases, at least a kqueue and inotify backend will be added.</p> |
1417 | implemented (implementing kqueue support is left as an exercise for the |
|
|
1418 | reader). Inotify will be used to give hints only and should not change the |
|
|
1419 | semantics of <code>ev_stat</code> watchers, which means that libev sometimes needs |
|
|
1420 | to fall back to regular polling again even with inotify, but changes are |
|
|
1421 | usually detected immediately, and if the file exists there will be no |
|
|
1422 | polling.</p> |
|
|
1423 | |
|
|
1424 | </div> |
|
|
1425 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-6">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1426 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-4"> |
1226 | <dl> |
1427 | <dl> |
1227 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1428 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1228 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1429 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1229 | <dd> |
1430 | <dd> |
1230 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
1431 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
… | |
… | |
1293 | </pre> |
1494 | </pre> |
1294 | |
1495 | |
1295 | </div> |
1496 | </div> |
1296 | <h2 id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</h2> |
1497 | <h2 id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</h2> |
1297 | <div id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no-2"> |
1498 | <div id="code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no-2"> |
1298 | <p>Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending |
1499 | <p>Idle watchers trigger events when no other events of the same or higher |
1299 | (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long |
1500 | priority are pending (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not |
1300 | as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals, |
1501 | count).</p> |
1301 | imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle |
1502 | <p>That is, as long as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts |
1302 | watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration - |
1503 | (or even signals, imagine) of the same or higher priority it will not be |
|
|
1504 | triggered. But when your process is idle (or only lower-priority watchers |
|
|
1505 | are pending), the idle watchers are being called once per event loop |
1303 | until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events and becomes |
1506 | iteration - until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events |
1304 | busy.</p> |
1507 | and becomes busy again with higher priority stuff.</p> |
1305 | <p>The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are |
1508 | <p>The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are |
1306 | active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.</p> |
1509 | active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.</p> |
1307 | <p>Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
1510 | <p>Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
1308 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
1511 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
1309 | "pseudo-background processing", or delay processing stuff to after the |
1512 | "pseudo-background processing", or delay processing stuff to after the |
1310 | event loop has handled all outstanding events.</p> |
1513 | event loop has handled all outstanding events.</p> |
|
|
1514 | |
|
|
1515 | </div> |
|
|
1516 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-7">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1517 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-5"> |
1311 | <dl> |
1518 | <dl> |
1312 | <dt>ev_idle_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1519 | <dt>ev_idle_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1313 | <dd> |
1520 | <dd> |
1314 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1521 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1315 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1522 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1316 | believe me.</p> |
1523 | believe me.</p> |
1317 | </dd> |
1524 | </dd> |
1318 | </dl> |
1525 | </dl> |
1319 | <p>Example: dynamically allocate an <code>ev_idle</code>, start it, and in the |
1526 | <p>Example: Dynamically allocate an <code>ev_idle</code> watcher, start it, and in the |
1320 | callback, free it. Alos, use no error checking, as usual.</p> |
1527 | callback, free it. Also, use no error checking, as usual.</p> |
1321 | <pre> static void |
1528 | <pre> static void |
1322 | idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_idle *w, int revents) |
1529 | idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, struct ev_idle *w, int revents) |
1323 | { |
1530 | { |
1324 | free (w); |
1531 | free (w); |
1325 | // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
1532 | // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
… | |
… | |
1369 | are ready to run (it's actually more complicated: it only runs coroutines |
1576 | are ready to run (it's actually more complicated: it only runs coroutines |
1370 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
1577 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
1371 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
1578 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
1372 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
1579 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
1373 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks).</p> |
1580 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks).</p> |
|
|
1581 | <p>It is recommended to give <code>ev_check</code> watchers highest (<code>EV_MAXPRI</code>) |
|
|
1582 | priority, to ensure that they are being run before any other watchers |
|
|
1583 | after the poll. Also, <code>ev_check</code> watchers (and <code>ev_prepare</code> watchers, |
|
|
1584 | too) should not activate ("feed") events into libev. While libev fully |
|
|
1585 | supports this, they will be called before other <code>ev_check</code> watchers did |
|
|
1586 | their job. As <code>ev_check</code> watchers are often used to embed other event |
|
|
1587 | loops those other event loops might be in an unusable state until their |
|
|
1588 | <code>ev_check</code> watcher ran (always remind yourself to coexist peacefully with |
|
|
1589 | others).</p> |
|
|
1590 | |
|
|
1591 | </div> |
|
|
1592 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-8">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1593 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-6"> |
1374 | <dl> |
1594 | <dl> |
1375 | <dt>ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)</dt> |
1595 | <dt>ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)</dt> |
1376 | <dt>ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)</dt> |
1596 | <dt>ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)</dt> |
1377 | <dd> |
1597 | <dd> |
1378 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1598 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1379 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1599 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1380 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1600 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1381 | </dd> |
1601 | </dd> |
1382 | </dl> |
1602 | </dl> |
1383 | <p>Example: To include a library such as adns, you would add IO watchers |
1603 | <p>There are a number of principal ways to embed other event loops or modules |
1384 | and a timeout watcher in a prepare handler, as required by libadns, and |
1604 | into libev. Here are some ideas on how to include libadns into libev |
|
|
1605 | (there is a Perl module named <code>EV::ADNS</code> that does this, which you could |
|
|
1606 | use for an actually working example. Another Perl module named <code>EV::Glib</code> |
|
|
1607 | embeds a Glib main context into libev, and finally, <code>Glib::EV</code> embeds EV |
|
|
1608 | into the Glib event loop).</p> |
|
|
1609 | <p>Method 1: Add IO watchers and a timeout watcher in a prepare handler, |
1385 | in a check watcher, destroy them and call into libadns. What follows is |
1610 | and in a check watcher, destroy them and call into libadns. What follows |
1386 | pseudo-code only of course:</p> |
1611 | is pseudo-code only of course. This requires you to either use a low |
|
|
1612 | priority for the check watcher or use <code>ev_clear_pending</code> explicitly, as |
|
|
1613 | the callbacks for the IO/timeout watchers might not have been called yet.</p> |
1387 | <pre> static ev_io iow [nfd]; |
1614 | <pre> static ev_io iow [nfd]; |
1388 | static ev_timer tw; |
1615 | static ev_timer tw; |
1389 | |
1616 | |
1390 | static void |
1617 | static void |
1391 | io_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) |
1618 | io_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) |
1392 | { |
1619 | { |
1393 | // set the relevant poll flags |
|
|
1394 | // could also call adns_processreadable etc. here |
|
|
1395 | struct pollfd *fd = (struct pollfd *)w->data; |
|
|
1396 | if (revents & EV_READ ) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLIN; |
|
|
1397 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLOUT; |
|
|
1398 | } |
1620 | } |
1399 | |
1621 | |
1400 | // create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking |
1622 | // create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking |
1401 | static void |
1623 | static void |
1402 | adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_prepare *w, int revents) |
1624 | adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_prepare *w, int revents) |
1403 | { |
1625 | { |
1404 | int timeout = 3600000;truct pollfd fds [nfd]; |
1626 | int timeout = 3600000; |
|
|
1627 | struct pollfd fds [nfd]; |
1405 | // actual code will need to loop here and realloc etc. |
1628 | // actual code will need to loop here and realloc etc. |
1406 | adns_beforepoll (ads, fds, &nfd, &timeout, timeval_from (ev_time ())); |
1629 | adns_beforepoll (ads, fds, &nfd, &timeout, timeval_from (ev_time ())); |
1407 | |
1630 | |
1408 | /* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */ |
1631 | /* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */ |
1409 | ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3); |
1632 | ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3); |
1410 | ev_timer_start (loop, &tw); |
1633 | ev_timer_start (loop, &tw); |
1411 | |
1634 | |
1412 | // create on ev_io per pollfd |
1635 | // create one ev_io per pollfd |
1413 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1636 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1414 | { |
1637 | { |
1415 | ev_io_init (iow + i, io_cb, fds [i].fd, |
1638 | ev_io_init (iow + i, io_cb, fds [i].fd, |
1416 | ((fds [i].events & POLLIN ? EV_READ : 0) |
1639 | ((fds [i].events & POLLIN ? EV_READ : 0) |
1417 | | (fds [i].events & POLLOUT ? EV_WRITE : 0))); |
1640 | | (fds [i].events & POLLOUT ? EV_WRITE : 0))); |
1418 | |
1641 | |
1419 | fds [i].revents = 0; |
1642 | fds [i].revents = 0; |
1420 | iow [i].data = fds + i; |
|
|
1421 | ev_io_start (loop, iow + i); |
1643 | ev_io_start (loop, iow + i); |
1422 | } |
1644 | } |
1423 | } |
1645 | } |
1424 | |
1646 | |
1425 | // stop all watchers after blocking |
1647 | // stop all watchers after blocking |
… | |
… | |
1427 | adns_check_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_check *w, int revents) |
1649 | adns_check_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_check *w, int revents) |
1428 | { |
1650 | { |
1429 | ev_timer_stop (loop, &tw); |
1651 | ev_timer_stop (loop, &tw); |
1430 | |
1652 | |
1431 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1653 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
|
|
1654 | { |
|
|
1655 | // set the relevant poll flags |
|
|
1656 | // could also call adns_processreadable etc. here |
|
|
1657 | struct pollfd *fd = fds + i; |
|
|
1658 | int revents = ev_clear_pending (iow + i); |
|
|
1659 | if (revents & EV_READ ) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLIN; |
|
|
1660 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLOUT; |
|
|
1661 | |
|
|
1662 | // now stop the watcher |
1432 | ev_io_stop (loop, iow + i); |
1663 | ev_io_stop (loop, iow + i); |
|
|
1664 | } |
1433 | |
1665 | |
1434 | adns_afterpoll (adns, fds, nfd, timeval_from (ev_now (loop)); |
1666 | adns_afterpoll (adns, fds, nfd, timeval_from (ev_now (loop)); |
|
|
1667 | } |
|
|
1668 | |
|
|
1669 | </pre> |
|
|
1670 | <p>Method 2: This would be just like method 1, but you run <code>adns_afterpoll</code> |
|
|
1671 | in the prepare watcher and would dispose of the check watcher.</p> |
|
|
1672 | <p>Method 3: If the module to be embedded supports explicit event |
|
|
1673 | notification (adns does), you can also make use of the actual watcher |
|
|
1674 | callbacks, and only destroy/create the watchers in the prepare watcher.</p> |
|
|
1675 | <pre> static void |
|
|
1676 | timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
|
|
1677 | { |
|
|
1678 | adns_state ads = (adns_state)w->data; |
|
|
1679 | update_now (EV_A); |
|
|
1680 | |
|
|
1681 | adns_processtimeouts (ads, &tv_now); |
|
|
1682 | } |
|
|
1683 | |
|
|
1684 | static void |
|
|
1685 | io_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents) |
|
|
1686 | { |
|
|
1687 | adns_state ads = (adns_state)w->data; |
|
|
1688 | update_now (EV_A); |
|
|
1689 | |
|
|
1690 | if (revents & EV_READ ) adns_processreadable (ads, w->fd, &tv_now); |
|
|
1691 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) adns_processwriteable (ads, w->fd, &tv_now); |
|
|
1692 | } |
|
|
1693 | |
|
|
1694 | // do not ever call adns_afterpoll |
|
|
1695 | |
|
|
1696 | </pre> |
|
|
1697 | <p>Method 4: Do not use a prepare or check watcher because the module you |
|
|
1698 | want to embed is too inflexible to support it. Instead, youc na override |
|
|
1699 | their poll function. The drawback with this solution is that the main |
|
|
1700 | loop is now no longer controllable by EV. The <code>Glib::EV</code> module does |
|
|
1701 | this.</p> |
|
|
1702 | <pre> static gint |
|
|
1703 | event_poll_func (GPollFD *fds, guint nfds, gint timeout) |
|
|
1704 | { |
|
|
1705 | int got_events = 0; |
|
|
1706 | |
|
|
1707 | for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) |
|
|
1708 | // create/start io watcher that sets the relevant bits in fds[n] and increment got_events |
|
|
1709 | |
|
|
1710 | if (timeout >= 0) |
|
|
1711 | // create/start timer |
|
|
1712 | |
|
|
1713 | // poll |
|
|
1714 | ev_loop (EV_A_ 0); |
|
|
1715 | |
|
|
1716 | // stop timer again |
|
|
1717 | if (timeout >= 0) |
|
|
1718 | ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &to); |
|
|
1719 | |
|
|
1720 | // stop io watchers again - their callbacks should have set |
|
|
1721 | for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) |
|
|
1722 | ev_io_stop (EV_A_ iow [n]); |
|
|
1723 | |
|
|
1724 | return got_events; |
1435 | } |
1725 | } |
1436 | |
1726 | |
1437 | |
1727 | |
1438 | |
1728 | |
1439 | |
1729 | |
… | |
… | |
1500 | } |
1790 | } |
1501 | else |
1791 | else |
1502 | loop_lo = loop_hi; |
1792 | loop_lo = loop_hi; |
1503 | |
1793 | |
1504 | </pre> |
1794 | </pre> |
|
|
1795 | |
|
|
1796 | </div> |
|
|
1797 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-9">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1798 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-7"> |
1505 | <dl> |
1799 | <dl> |
1506 | <dt>ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1800 | <dt>ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1507 | <dt>ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1801 | <dt>ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1508 | <dd> |
1802 | <dd> |
1509 | <p>Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
1803 | <p>Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
… | |
… | |
1550 | |
1844 | |
1551 | |
1845 | |
1552 | |
1846 | |
1553 | |
1847 | |
1554 | </div> |
1848 | </div> |
1555 | <h1 id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1849 | <h1 id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</h1> |
1556 | <div id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
1850 | <div id="OTHER_FUNCTIONS_CONTENT"> |
1557 | <p>There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.</p> |
1851 | <p>There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.</p> |
1558 | <dl> |
1852 | <dl> |
1559 | <dt>ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)</dt> |
1853 | <dt>ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)</dt> |
1560 | <dd> |
1854 | <dd> |
… | |
… | |
1607 | |
1901 | |
1608 | |
1902 | |
1609 | |
1903 | |
1610 | |
1904 | |
1611 | </div> |
1905 | </div> |
1612 | <h1 id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1906 | <h1 id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</h1> |
1613 | <div id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION_CONTENT"> |
1907 | <div id="LIBEVENT_EMULATION_CONTENT"> |
1614 | <p>Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1908 | <p>Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot |
1615 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints:</p> |
1909 | emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints:</p> |
1616 | <dl> |
1910 | <dl> |
1617 | <dt>* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual.</dt> |
1911 | <dt>* Use it by including <event.h>, as usual.</dt> |
… | |
… | |
1627 | <dt>* The libev emulation is <i>not</i> ABI compatible to libevent, you need |
1921 | <dt>* The libev emulation is <i>not</i> ABI compatible to libevent, you need |
1628 | to use the libev header file and library.</dt> |
1922 | to use the libev header file and library.</dt> |
1629 | </dl> |
1923 | </dl> |
1630 | |
1924 | |
1631 | </div> |
1925 | </div> |
1632 | <h1 id="C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
1926 | <h1 id="C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</h1> |
1633 | <div id="C_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1927 | <div id="C_SUPPORT_CONTENT"> |
1634 | <p>Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for C++ that mainly allow |
1928 | <p>Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for C++ that mainly allow |
1635 | you to use some convinience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
1929 | you to use some convinience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
1636 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects.</p> |
1930 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects.</p> |
1637 | <p>To use it,</p> |
1931 | <p>To use it,</p> |
1638 | <pre> #include <ev++.h> |
1932 | <pre> #include <ev++.h> |
1639 | |
1933 | |
1640 | </pre> |
1934 | </pre> |
1641 | <p>(it is not installed by default). This automatically includes <cite>ev.h</cite> |
1935 | <p>This automatically includes <cite>ev.h</cite> and puts all of its definitions (many |
1642 | and puts all of its definitions (many of them macros) into the global |
1936 | of them macros) into the global namespace. All C++ specific things are |
1643 | namespace. All C++ specific things are put into the <code>ev</code> namespace.</p> |
1937 | put into the <code>ev</code> namespace. It should support all the same embedding |
1644 | <p>It should support all the same embedding options as <cite>ev.h</cite>, most notably |
1938 | options as <cite>ev.h</cite>, most notably <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>.</p> |
1645 | <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>.</p> |
1939 | <p>Care has been taken to keep the overhead low. The only data member the C++ |
|
|
1940 | classes add (compared to plain C-style watchers) is the event loop pointer |
|
|
1941 | that the watcher is associated with (or no additional members at all if |
|
|
1942 | you disable <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code> when embedding libev).</p> |
|
|
1943 | <p>Currently, functions, and static and non-static member functions can be |
|
|
1944 | used as callbacks. Other types should be easy to add as long as they only |
|
|
1945 | need one additional pointer for context. If you need support for other |
|
|
1946 | types of functors please contact the author (preferably after implementing |
|
|
1947 | it).</p> |
1646 | <p>Here is a list of things available in the <code>ev</code> namespace:</p> |
1948 | <p>Here is a list of things available in the <code>ev</code> namespace:</p> |
1647 | <dl> |
1949 | <dl> |
1648 | <dt><code>ev::READ</code>, <code>ev::WRITE</code> etc.</dt> |
1950 | <dt><code>ev::READ</code>, <code>ev::WRITE</code> etc.</dt> |
1649 | <dd> |
1951 | <dd> |
1650 | <p>These are just enum values with the same values as the <code>EV_READ</code> etc. |
1952 | <p>These are just enum values with the same values as the <code>EV_READ</code> etc. |
… | |
… | |
1661 | which is called <code>ev::sig</code> to avoid clashes with the <code>signal</code> macro |
1963 | which is called <code>ev::sig</code> to avoid clashes with the <code>signal</code> macro |
1662 | defines by many implementations.</p> |
1964 | defines by many implementations.</p> |
1663 | <p>All of those classes have these methods:</p> |
1965 | <p>All of those classes have these methods:</p> |
1664 | <p> |
1966 | <p> |
1665 | <dl> |
1967 | <dl> |
1666 | <dt>ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *)</dt> |
1968 | <dt>ev::TYPE::TYPE ()</dt> |
1667 | <dt>ev::TYPE::TYPE (object *, object::method *, struct ev_loop *)</dt> |
1969 | <dt>ev::TYPE::TYPE (struct ev_loop *)</dt> |
1668 | <dt>ev::TYPE::~TYPE</dt> |
1970 | <dt>ev::TYPE::~TYPE</dt> |
1669 | <dd> |
1971 | <dd> |
1670 | <p>The constructor takes a pointer to an object and a method pointer to |
1972 | <p>The constructor (optionally) takes an event loop to associate the watcher |
1671 | the event handler callback to call in this class. The constructor calls |
1973 | with. If it is omitted, it will use <code>EV_DEFAULT</code>.</p> |
1672 | <code>ev_init</code> for you, which means you have to call the <code>set</code> method |
1974 | <p>The constructor calls <code>ev_init</code> for you, which means you have to call the |
1673 | before starting it. If you do not specify a loop then the constructor |
1975 | <code>set</code> method before starting it.</p> |
1674 | automatically associates the default loop with this watcher.</p> |
1976 | <p>It will not set a callback, however: You have to call the templated <code>set</code> |
|
|
1977 | method to set a callback before you can start the watcher.</p> |
|
|
1978 | <p>(The reason why you have to use a method is a limitation in C++ which does |
|
|
1979 | not allow explicit template arguments for constructors).</p> |
1675 | <p>The destructor automatically stops the watcher if it is active.</p> |
1980 | <p>The destructor automatically stops the watcher if it is active.</p> |
|
|
1981 | </dd> |
|
|
1982 | <dt>w->set<class, &class::method> (object *)</dt> |
|
|
1983 | <dd> |
|
|
1984 | <p>This method sets the callback method to call. The method has to have a |
|
|
1985 | signature of <code>void (*)(ev_TYPE &, int)</code>, it receives the watcher as |
|
|
1986 | first argument and the <code>revents</code> as second. The object must be given as |
|
|
1987 | parameter and is stored in the <code>data</code> member of the watcher.</p> |
|
|
1988 | <p>This method synthesizes efficient thunking code to call your method from |
|
|
1989 | the C callback that libev requires. If your compiler can inline your |
|
|
1990 | callback (i.e. it is visible to it at the place of the <code>set</code> call and |
|
|
1991 | your compiler is good :), then the method will be fully inlined into the |
|
|
1992 | thunking function, making it as fast as a direct C callback.</p> |
|
|
1993 | <p>Example: simple class declaration and watcher initialisation</p> |
|
|
1994 | <pre> struct myclass |
|
|
1995 | { |
|
|
1996 | void io_cb (ev::io &w, int revents) { } |
|
|
1997 | } |
|
|
1998 | |
|
|
1999 | myclass obj; |
|
|
2000 | ev::io iow; |
|
|
2001 | iow.set <myclass, &myclass::io_cb> (&obj); |
|
|
2002 | |
|
|
2003 | </pre> |
|
|
2004 | </dd> |
|
|
2005 | <dt>w->set<function> (void *data = 0)</dt> |
|
|
2006 | <dd> |
|
|
2007 | <p>Also sets a callback, but uses a static method or plain function as |
|
|
2008 | callback. The optional <code>data</code> argument will be stored in the watcher's |
|
|
2009 | <code>data</code> member and is free for you to use.</p> |
|
|
2010 | <p>The prototype of the <code>function</code> must be <code>void (*)(ev::TYPE &w, int)</code>.</p> |
|
|
2011 | <p>See the method-<code>set</code> above for more details.</p> |
|
|
2012 | <p>Example:</p> |
|
|
2013 | <pre> static void io_cb (ev::io &w, int revents) { } |
|
|
2014 | iow.set <io_cb> (); |
|
|
2015 | |
|
|
2016 | </pre> |
1676 | </dd> |
2017 | </dd> |
1677 | <dt>w->set (struct ev_loop *)</dt> |
2018 | <dt>w->set (struct ev_loop *)</dt> |
1678 | <dd> |
2019 | <dd> |
1679 | <p>Associates a different <code>struct ev_loop</code> with this watcher. You can only |
2020 | <p>Associates a different <code>struct ev_loop</code> with this watcher. You can only |
1680 | do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either).</p> |
2021 | do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either).</p> |
1681 | </dd> |
2022 | </dd> |
1682 | <dt>w->set ([args])</dt> |
2023 | <dt>w->set ([args])</dt> |
1683 | <dd> |
2024 | <dd> |
1684 | <p>Basically the same as <code>ev_TYPE_set</code>, with the same args. Must be |
2025 | <p>Basically the same as <code>ev_TYPE_set</code>, with the same args. Must be |
1685 | called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher gets |
2026 | called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher gets |
1686 | automatically stopped and restarted.</p> |
2027 | automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this |
|
|
2028 | method.</p> |
1687 | </dd> |
2029 | </dd> |
1688 | <dt>w->start ()</dt> |
2030 | <dt>w->start ()</dt> |
1689 | <dd> |
2031 | <dd> |
1690 | <p>Starts the watcher. Note that there is no <code>loop</code> argument as the |
2032 | <p>Starts the watcher. Note that there is no <code>loop</code> argument, as the |
1691 | constructor already takes the loop.</p> |
2033 | constructor already stores the event loop.</p> |
1692 | </dd> |
2034 | </dd> |
1693 | <dt>w->stop ()</dt> |
2035 | <dt>w->stop ()</dt> |
1694 | <dd> |
2036 | <dd> |
1695 | <p>Stops the watcher if it is active. Again, no <code>loop</code> argument.</p> |
2037 | <p>Stops the watcher if it is active. Again, no <code>loop</code> argument.</p> |
1696 | </dd> |
2038 | </dd> |
… | |
… | |
1720 | |
2062 | |
1721 | myclass (); |
2063 | myclass (); |
1722 | } |
2064 | } |
1723 | |
2065 | |
1724 | myclass::myclass (int fd) |
2066 | myclass::myclass (int fd) |
1725 | : io (this, &myclass::io_cb), |
|
|
1726 | idle (this, &myclass::idle_cb) |
|
|
1727 | { |
2067 | { |
|
|
2068 | io .set <myclass, &myclass::io_cb > (this); |
|
|
2069 | idle.set <myclass, &myclass::idle_cb> (this); |
|
|
2070 | |
1728 | io.start (fd, ev::READ); |
2071 | io.start (fd, ev::READ); |
1729 | } |
2072 | } |
1730 | |
2073 | |
1731 | |
2074 | |
1732 | |
2075 | |
1733 | |
2076 | |
1734 | </pre> |
2077 | </pre> |
1735 | |
2078 | |
1736 | </div> |
2079 | </div> |
1737 | <h1 id="MACRO_MAGIC">MACRO MAGIC</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2080 | <h1 id="MACRO_MAGIC">MACRO MAGIC</h1> |
1738 | <div id="MACRO_MAGIC_CONTENT"> |
2081 | <div id="MACRO_MAGIC_CONTENT"> |
1739 | <p>Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is |
2082 | <p>Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is |
1740 | <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>. This option determines wether (most) functions and |
2083 | <code>EV_MULTIPLICITY</code>. This option determines whether (most) functions and |
1741 | callbacks have an initial <code>struct ev_loop *</code> argument.</p> |
2084 | callbacks have an initial <code>struct ev_loop *</code> argument.</p> |
1742 | <p>To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the |
2085 | <p>To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the |
1743 | following macros are defined:</p> |
2086 | following macros are defined:</p> |
1744 | <dl> |
2087 | <dl> |
1745 | <dt><code>EV_A</code>, <code>EV_A_</code></dt> |
2088 | <dt><code>EV_A</code>, <code>EV_A_</code></dt> |
… | |
… | |
1774 | <dd> |
2117 | <dd> |
1775 | <p>Similar to the other two macros, this gives you the value of the default |
2118 | <p>Similar to the other two macros, this gives you the value of the default |
1776 | loop, if multiple loops are supported ("ev loop default").</p> |
2119 | loop, if multiple loops are supported ("ev loop default").</p> |
1777 | </dd> |
2120 | </dd> |
1778 | </dl> |
2121 | </dl> |
1779 | <p>Example: Declare and initialise a check watcher, working regardless of |
2122 | <p>Example: Declare and initialise a check watcher, utilising the above |
1780 | wether multiple loops are supported or not.</p> |
2123 | macros so it will work regardless of whether multiple loops are supported |
|
|
2124 | or not.</p> |
1781 | <pre> static void |
2125 | <pre> static void |
1782 | check_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
2126 | check_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
1783 | { |
2127 | { |
1784 | ev_check_stop (EV_A_ w); |
2128 | ev_check_stop (EV_A_ w); |
1785 | } |
2129 | } |
… | |
… | |
1787 | ev_check check; |
2131 | ev_check check; |
1788 | ev_check_init (&check, check_cb); |
2132 | ev_check_init (&check, check_cb); |
1789 | ev_check_start (EV_DEFAULT_ &check); |
2133 | ev_check_start (EV_DEFAULT_ &check); |
1790 | ev_loop (EV_DEFAULT_ 0); |
2134 | ev_loop (EV_DEFAULT_ 0); |
1791 | |
2135 | |
1792 | |
|
|
1793 | |
|
|
1794 | |
|
|
1795 | </pre> |
2136 | </pre> |
1796 | |
2137 | |
1797 | </div> |
2138 | </div> |
1798 | <h1 id="EMBEDDING">EMBEDDING</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2139 | <h1 id="EMBEDDING">EMBEDDING</h1> |
1799 | <div id="EMBEDDING_CONTENT"> |
2140 | <div id="EMBEDDING_CONTENT"> |
1800 | <p>Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host |
2141 | <p>Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host |
1801 | applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra |
2142 | applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra |
1802 | Game Server, the EV perl module, the GNU Virtual Private Ethernet (gvpe) |
2143 | Game Server, the EV perl module, the GNU Virtual Private Ethernet (gvpe) |
1803 | and rxvt-unicode.</p> |
2144 | and rxvt-unicode.</p> |
… | |
… | |
1840 | ev_vars.h |
2181 | ev_vars.h |
1841 | ev_wrap.h |
2182 | ev_wrap.h |
1842 | |
2183 | |
1843 | ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
2184 | ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
1844 | |
2185 | |
1845 | ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is by default) |
2186 | ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is enabled by default) |
1846 | ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
2187 | ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1847 | ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
2188 | ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1848 | ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
2189 | ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1849 | ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
2190 | ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
1850 | |
2191 | |
… | |
… | |
1977 | </dd> |
2318 | </dd> |
1978 | <dt>EV_USE_DEVPOLL</dt> |
2319 | <dt>EV_USE_DEVPOLL</dt> |
1979 | <dd> |
2320 | <dd> |
1980 | <p>reserved for future expansion, works like the USE symbols above.</p> |
2321 | <p>reserved for future expansion, works like the USE symbols above.</p> |
1981 | </dd> |
2322 | </dd> |
|
|
2323 | <dt>EV_USE_INOTIFY</dt> |
|
|
2324 | <dd> |
|
|
2325 | <p>If defined to be <code>1</code>, libev will compile in support for the Linux inotify |
|
|
2326 | interface to speed up <code>ev_stat</code> watchers. Its actual availability will |
|
|
2327 | be detected at runtime.</p> |
|
|
2328 | </dd> |
1982 | <dt>EV_H</dt> |
2329 | <dt>EV_H</dt> |
1983 | <dd> |
2330 | <dd> |
1984 | <p>The name of the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file used to include it. The default if |
2331 | <p>The name of the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file used to include it. The default if |
1985 | undefined is <code><ev.h></code> in <cite>event.h</cite> and <code>"ev.h"</code> in <cite>ev.c</cite>. This |
2332 | undefined is <code><ev.h></code> in <cite>event.h</cite> and <code>"ev.h"</code> in <cite>ev.c</cite>. This |
1986 | can be used to virtually rename the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file in case of conflicts.</p> |
2333 | can be used to virtually rename the <cite>ev.h</cite> header file in case of conflicts.</p> |
… | |
… | |
2009 | will have the <code>struct ev_loop *</code> as first argument, and you can create |
2356 | will have the <code>struct ev_loop *</code> as first argument, and you can create |
2010 | additional independent event loops. Otherwise there will be no support |
2357 | additional independent event loops. Otherwise there will be no support |
2011 | for multiple event loops and there is no first event loop pointer |
2358 | for multiple event loops and there is no first event loop pointer |
2012 | argument. Instead, all functions act on the single default loop.</p> |
2359 | argument. Instead, all functions act on the single default loop.</p> |
2013 | </dd> |
2360 | </dd> |
|
|
2361 | <dt>EV_MINPRI</dt> |
|
|
2362 | <dt>EV_MAXPRI</dt> |
|
|
2363 | <dd> |
|
|
2364 | <p>The range of allowed priorities. <code>EV_MINPRI</code> must be smaller or equal to |
|
|
2365 | <code>EV_MAXPRI</code>, but otherwise there are no non-obvious limitations. You can |
|
|
2366 | provide for more priorities by overriding those symbols (usually defined |
|
|
2367 | to be <code>-2</code> and <code>2</code>, respectively).</p> |
|
|
2368 | <p>When doing priority-based operations, libev usually has to linearly search |
|
|
2369 | all the priorities, so having many of them (hundreds) uses a lot of space |
|
|
2370 | and time, so using the defaults of five priorities (-2 .. +2) is usually |
|
|
2371 | fine.</p> |
|
|
2372 | <p>If your embedding app does not need any priorities, defining these both to |
|
|
2373 | <code>0</code> will save some memory and cpu.</p> |
|
|
2374 | </dd> |
2014 | <dt>EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE</dt> |
2375 | <dt>EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE</dt> |
2015 | <dd> |
2376 | <dd> |
2016 | <p>If undefined or defined to be <code>1</code>, then periodic timers are supported. If |
2377 | <p>If undefined or defined to be <code>1</code>, then periodic timers are supported. If |
2017 | defined to be <code>0</code>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of |
2378 | defined to be <code>0</code>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of |
2018 | code.</p> |
2379 | code.</p> |
2019 | </dd> |
2380 | </dd> |
|
|
2381 | <dt>EV_IDLE_ENABLE</dt> |
|
|
2382 | <dd> |
|
|
2383 | <p>If undefined or defined to be <code>1</code>, then idle watchers are supported. If |
|
|
2384 | defined to be <code>0</code>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of |
|
|
2385 | code.</p> |
|
|
2386 | </dd> |
2020 | <dt>EV_EMBED_ENABLE</dt> |
2387 | <dt>EV_EMBED_ENABLE</dt> |
2021 | <dd> |
2388 | <dd> |
2022 | <p>If undefined or defined to be <code>1</code>, then embed watchers are supported. If |
2389 | <p>If undefined or defined to be <code>1</code>, then embed watchers are supported. If |
2023 | defined to be <code>0</code>, then they are not.</p> |
2390 | defined to be <code>0</code>, then they are not.</p> |
2024 | </dd> |
2391 | </dd> |
… | |
… | |
2041 | <dt>EV_PID_HASHSIZE</dt> |
2408 | <dt>EV_PID_HASHSIZE</dt> |
2042 | <dd> |
2409 | <dd> |
2043 | <p><code>ev_child</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
2410 | <p><code>ev_child</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
2044 | pid. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), usually more |
2411 | pid. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), usually more |
2045 | than enough. If you need to manage thousands of children you might want to |
2412 | than enough. If you need to manage thousands of children you might want to |
2046 | increase this value.</p> |
2413 | increase this value (<i>must</i> be a power of two).</p> |
|
|
2414 | </dd> |
|
|
2415 | <dt>EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE</dt> |
|
|
2416 | <dd> |
|
|
2417 | <p><code>ev_staz</code> watchers use a small hash table to distribute workload by |
|
|
2418 | inotify watch id. The default size is <code>16</code> (or <code>1</code> with <code>EV_MINIMAL</code>), |
|
|
2419 | usually more than enough. If you need to manage thousands of <code>ev_stat</code> |
|
|
2420 | watchers you might want to increase this value (<i>must</i> be a power of |
|
|
2421 | two).</p> |
2047 | </dd> |
2422 | </dd> |
2048 | <dt>EV_COMMON</dt> |
2423 | <dt>EV_COMMON</dt> |
2049 | <dd> |
2424 | <dd> |
2050 | <p>By default, all watchers have a <code>void *data</code> member. By redefining |
2425 | <p>By default, all watchers have a <code>void *data</code> member. By redefining |
2051 | this macro to a something else you can include more and other types of |
2426 | this macro to a something else you can include more and other types of |
… | |
… | |
2078 | the <cite>libev/</cite> subdirectory and includes them in the <cite>EV/EVAPI.h</cite> (public |
2453 | the <cite>libev/</cite> subdirectory and includes them in the <cite>EV/EVAPI.h</cite> (public |
2079 | interface) and <cite>EV.xs</cite> (implementation) files. Only the <cite>EV.xs</cite> file |
2454 | interface) and <cite>EV.xs</cite> (implementation) files. Only the <cite>EV.xs</cite> file |
2080 | will be compiled. It is pretty complex because it provides its own header |
2455 | will be compiled. It is pretty complex because it provides its own header |
2081 | file.</p> |
2456 | file.</p> |
2082 | <p>The usage in rxvt-unicode is simpler. It has a <cite>ev_cpp.h</cite> header file |
2457 | <p>The usage in rxvt-unicode is simpler. It has a <cite>ev_cpp.h</cite> header file |
2083 | that everybody includes and which overrides some autoconf choices:</p> |
2458 | that everybody includes and which overrides some configure choices:</p> |
|
|
2459 | <pre> #define EV_MINIMAL 1 |
2084 | <pre> #define EV_USE_POLL 0 |
2460 | #define EV_USE_POLL 0 |
2085 | #define EV_MULTIPLICITY 0 |
2461 | #define EV_MULTIPLICITY 0 |
2086 | #define EV_PERIODICS 0 |
2462 | #define EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE 0 |
|
|
2463 | #define EV_STAT_ENABLE 0 |
|
|
2464 | #define EV_FORK_ENABLE 0 |
2087 | #define EV_CONFIG_H <config.h> |
2465 | #define EV_CONFIG_H <config.h> |
|
|
2466 | #define EV_MINPRI 0 |
|
|
2467 | #define EV_MAXPRI 0 |
2088 | |
2468 | |
2089 | #include "ev++.h" |
2469 | #include "ev++.h" |
2090 | |
2470 | |
2091 | </pre> |
2471 | </pre> |
2092 | <p>And a <cite>ev_cpp.C</cite> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:</p> |
2472 | <p>And a <cite>ev_cpp.C</cite> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:</p> |
… | |
… | |
2097 | |
2477 | |
2098 | |
2478 | |
2099 | </pre> |
2479 | </pre> |
2100 | |
2480 | |
2101 | </div> |
2481 | </div> |
2102 | <h1 id="COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2482 | <h1 id="COMPLEXITIES">COMPLEXITIES</h1> |
2103 | <div id="COMPLEXITIES_CONTENT"> |
2483 | <div id="COMPLEXITIES_CONTENT"> |
2104 | <p>In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside |
2484 | <p>In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside |
2105 | libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the |
2485 | libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the |
2106 | documentation for <code>ev_default_init</code>.</p> |
2486 | documentation for <code>ev_default_init</code>.</p> |
|
|
2487 | <p>All of the following are about amortised time: If an array needs to be |
|
|
2488 | extended, libev needs to realloc and move the whole array, but this |
|
|
2489 | happens asymptotically never with higher number of elements, so O(1) might |
|
|
2490 | mean it might do a lengthy realloc operation in rare cases, but on average |
|
|
2491 | it is much faster and asymptotically approaches constant time.</p> |
2107 | <p> |
2492 | <p> |
2108 | <dl> |
2493 | <dl> |
2109 | <dt>Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2494 | <dt>Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
|
|
2495 | <dd> |
|
|
2496 | <p>This means that, when you have a watcher that triggers in one hour and |
|
|
2497 | there are 100 watchers that would trigger before that then inserting will |
|
|
2498 | have to skip those 100 watchers.</p> |
|
|
2499 | </dd> |
2110 | <dt>Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
2500 | <dt>Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)</dt> |
|
|
2501 | <dd> |
|
|
2502 | <p>That means that for changing a timer costs less than removing/adding them |
|
|
2503 | as only the relative motion in the event queue has to be paid for.</p> |
|
|
2504 | </dd> |
2111 | <dt>Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2505 | <dt>Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
2506 | <dd> |
|
|
2507 | <p>These just add the watcher into an array or at the head of a list. |
2112 | <dt>Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)</dt> |
2508 | =item Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)</p> |
|
|
2509 | </dd> |
2113 | <dt>Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % 16))</dt> |
2510 | <dt>Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % EV_PID_HASHSIZE))</dt> |
|
|
2511 | <dd> |
|
|
2512 | <p>These watchers are stored in lists then need to be walked to find the |
|
|
2513 | correct watcher to remove. The lists are usually short (you don't usually |
|
|
2514 | have many watchers waiting for the same fd or signal).</p> |
|
|
2515 | </dd> |
2114 | <dt>Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)</dt> |
2516 | <dt>Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)</dt> |
2115 | <dt>Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)</dt> |
2517 | <dt>Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)</dt> |
|
|
2518 | <dd> |
|
|
2519 | <p>A change means an I/O watcher gets started or stopped, which requires |
|
|
2520 | libev to recalculate its status (and possibly tell the kernel).</p> |
|
|
2521 | </dd> |
2116 | <dt>Activating one watcher: O(1)</dt> |
2522 | <dt>Activating one watcher: O(1)</dt> |
|
|
2523 | <dt>Priority handling: O(number_of_priorities)</dt> |
|
|
2524 | <dd> |
|
|
2525 | <p>Priorities are implemented by allocating some space for each |
|
|
2526 | priority. When doing priority-based operations, libev usually has to |
|
|
2527 | linearly search all the priorities.</p> |
|
|
2528 | </dd> |
2117 | </dl> |
2529 | </dl> |
2118 | </p> |
2530 | </p> |
2119 | |
2531 | |
2120 | |
2532 | |
2121 | |
2533 | |
2122 | |
2534 | |
2123 | |
2535 | |
2124 | </div> |
2536 | </div> |
2125 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1><p><a href="#TOP" class="toplink">Top</a></p> |
2537 | <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1> |
2126 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
2538 | <div id="AUTHOR_CONTENT"> |
2127 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |
2539 | <p>Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.</p> |
2128 | |
2540 | |
2129 | </div> |
2541 | </div> |
2130 | </div></body> |
2542 | </div></body> |