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5 | <title>libev</title> |
5 | <title>libev</title> |
6 | <meta name="description" content="Pod documentation for libev" /> |
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14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
14 | <!-- INDEX START --> |
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27 | <ul><li><a href="#GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
27 | <ul><li><a href="#GENERIC_WATCHER_FUNCTIONS">GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
28 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
28 | <li><a href="#ASSOCIATING_CUSTOM_DATA_WITH_A_WATCH">ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER</a></li> |
29 | </ul> |
29 | </ul> |
30 | </li> |
30 | </li> |
31 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
31 | <li><a href="#WATCHER_TYPES">WATCHER TYPES</a> |
32 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</a></li> |
32 | <ul><li><a href="#code_ev_io_code_is_this_file_descrip"><code>ev_io</code> - is this file descriptor readable or writable?</a> |
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33 | <ul><li><a href="#The_special_problem_of_disappearing_">The special problem of disappearing file descriptors</a></li> |
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34 | <li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions">Watcher-Specific Functions</a></li> |
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35 | </ul> |
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36 | </li> |
33 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</a></li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_timer_code_relative_and_opti"><code>ev_timer</code> - relative and optionally repeating timeouts</a> |
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38 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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39 | </ul> |
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40 | </li> |
34 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</a></li> |
41 | <li><a href="#code_ev_periodic_code_to_cron_or_not"><code>ev_periodic</code> - to cron or not to cron?</a> |
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42 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-3">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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43 | </ul> |
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44 | </li> |
35 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</a></li> |
45 | <li><a href="#code_ev_signal_code_signal_me_when_a"><code>ev_signal</code> - signal me when a signal gets signalled!</a> |
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46 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-4">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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47 | </ul> |
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48 | </li> |
36 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</a></li> |
49 | <li><a href="#code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</a> |
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50 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-5">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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51 | </ul> |
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52 | </li> |
37 | <li><a href="#code_ev_stat_code_did_the_file_attri"><code>ev_stat</code> - did the file attributes just change?</a></li> |
53 | <li><a href="#code_ev_stat_code_did_the_file_attri"><code>ev_stat</code> - did the file attributes just change?</a> |
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54 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-6">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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55 | </ul> |
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56 | </li> |
38 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</a></li> |
57 | <li><a href="#code_ev_idle_code_when_you_ve_got_no"><code>ev_idle</code> - when you've got nothing better to do...</a> |
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58 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-7">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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59 | </ul> |
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60 | </li> |
39 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</a></li> |
61 | <li><a href="#code_ev_prepare_code_and_code_ev_che"><code>ev_prepare</code> and <code>ev_check</code> - customise your event loop!</a> |
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62 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-8">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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63 | </ul> |
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64 | </li> |
40 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</a></li> |
65 | <li><a href="#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_"><code>ev_embed</code> - when one backend isn't enough...</a> |
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66 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-9">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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67 | </ul> |
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68 | </li> |
41 | <li><a href="#code_ev_fork_code_the_audacity_to_re"><code>ev_fork</code> - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork</a></li> |
69 | <li><a href="#code_ev_fork_code_the_audacity_to_re"><code>ev_fork</code> - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork</a> |
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70 | <ul><li><a href="#Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-10">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</a></li> |
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71 | </ul> |
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72 | </li> |
42 | </ul> |
73 | </ul> |
43 | </li> |
74 | </li> |
44 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
75 | <li><a href="#OTHER_FUNCTIONS">OTHER FUNCTIONS</a></li> |
45 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
76 | <li><a href="#LIBEVENT_EMULATION">LIBEVENT EMULATION</a></li> |
46 | <li><a href="#C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</a></li> |
77 | <li><a href="#C_SUPPORT">C++ SUPPORT</a></li> |
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185 | you actually want to know.</p> |
216 | you actually want to know.</p> |
186 | </dd> |
217 | </dd> |
187 | <dt>int ev_version_major ()</dt> |
218 | <dt>int ev_version_major ()</dt> |
188 | <dt>int ev_version_minor ()</dt> |
219 | <dt>int ev_version_minor ()</dt> |
189 | <dd> |
220 | <dd> |
190 | <p>You can find out the major and minor version numbers of the library |
221 | <p>You can find out the major and minor ABI version numbers of the library |
191 | you linked against by calling the functions <code>ev_version_major</code> and |
222 | you linked against by calling the functions <code>ev_version_major</code> and |
192 | <code>ev_version_minor</code>. If you want, you can compare against the global |
223 | <code>ev_version_minor</code>. If you want, you can compare against the global |
193 | symbols <code>EV_VERSION_MAJOR</code> and <code>EV_VERSION_MINOR</code>, which specify the |
224 | symbols <code>EV_VERSION_MAJOR</code> and <code>EV_VERSION_MINOR</code>, which specify the |
194 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
225 | version of the library your program was compiled against.</p> |
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226 | <p>These version numbers refer to the ABI version of the library, not the |
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227 | release version.</p> |
195 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
228 | <p>Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch, |
196 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
229 | as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually |
197 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
230 | compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually |
198 | not a problem.</p> |
231 | not a problem.</p> |
199 | <p>Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
232 | <p>Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong |
200 | version.</p> |
233 | version.</p> |
201 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
234 | <pre> assert (("libev version mismatch", |
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529 | one iteration of the loop. This is useful if you are waiting for some |
562 | one iteration of the loop. This is useful if you are waiting for some |
530 | external event in conjunction with something not expressible using other |
563 | external event in conjunction with something not expressible using other |
531 | libev watchers. However, a pair of <code>ev_prepare</code>/<code>ev_check</code> watchers is |
564 | libev watchers. However, a pair of <code>ev_prepare</code>/<code>ev_check</code> watchers is |
532 | usually a better approach for this kind of thing.</p> |
565 | usually a better approach for this kind of thing.</p> |
533 | <p>Here are the gory details of what <code>ev_loop</code> does:</p> |
566 | <p>Here are the gory details of what <code>ev_loop</code> does:</p> |
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567 | <pre> - Before the first iteration, call any pending watchers. |
534 | <pre> * If there are no active watchers (reference count is zero), return. |
568 | * If there are no active watchers (reference count is zero), return. |
535 | - Queue prepare watchers and then call all outstanding watchers. |
569 | - Queue all prepare watchers and then call all outstanding watchers. |
536 | - If we have been forked, recreate the kernel state. |
570 | - If we have been forked, recreate the kernel state. |
537 | - Update the kernel state with all outstanding changes. |
571 | - Update the kernel state with all outstanding changes. |
538 | - Update the "event loop time". |
572 | - Update the "event loop time". |
539 | - Calculate for how long to block. |
573 | - Calculate for how long to block. |
540 | - Block the process, waiting for any events. |
574 | - Block the process, waiting for any events. |
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938 | <p>If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
972 | <p>If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not |
939 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
973 | play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test |
940 | whether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
974 | whether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface |
941 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
975 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
942 | its own, so its quite safe to use).</p> |
976 | its own, so its quite safe to use).</p> |
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977 | |
|
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978 | </div> |
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979 | <h3 id="The_special_problem_of_disappearing_">The special problem of disappearing file descriptors</h3> |
|
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980 | <div id="The_special_problem_of_disappearing_-2"> |
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981 | <p>Some backends (e.g kqueue, epoll) need to be told about closing a file |
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982 | descriptor (either by calling <code>close</code> explicitly or by any other means, |
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|
983 | such as <code>dup</code>). The reason is that you register interest in some file |
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|
984 | descriptor, but when it goes away, the operating system will silently drop |
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985 | this interest. If another file descriptor with the same number then is |
|
|
986 | registered with libev, there is no efficient way to see that this is, in |
|
|
987 | fact, a different file descriptor.</p> |
|
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988 | <p>To avoid having to explicitly tell libev about such cases, libev follows |
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989 | the following policy: Each time <code>ev_io_set</code> is being called, libev |
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990 | will assume that this is potentially a new file descriptor, otherwise |
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991 | it is assumed that the file descriptor stays the same. That means that |
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992 | you <i>have</i> to call <code>ev_io_set</code> (or <code>ev_io_init</code>) when you change the |
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993 | descriptor even if the file descriptor number itself did not change.</p> |
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994 | <p>This is how one would do it normally anyway, the important point is that |
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995 | the libev application should not optimise around libev but should leave |
|
|
996 | optimisations to libev.</p> |
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997 | |
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998 | |
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999 | |
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1000 | |
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1001 | |
|
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1002 | </div> |
|
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1003 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions">Watcher-Specific Functions</h3> |
|
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1004 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_CONTENT"> |
943 | <dl> |
1005 | <dl> |
944 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
1006 | <dt>ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)</dt> |
945 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
1007 | <dt>ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)</dt> |
946 | <dd> |
1008 | <dd> |
947 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The <code>fd</code> is the file descriptor to |
1009 | <p>Configures an <code>ev_io</code> watcher. The <code>fd</code> is the file descriptor to |
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… | |
998 | |
1060 | |
999 | </pre> |
1061 | </pre> |
1000 | <p>The callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when its timeout has passed, |
1062 | <p>The callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when its timeout has passed, |
1001 | but if multiple timers become ready during the same loop iteration then |
1063 | but if multiple timers become ready during the same loop iteration then |
1002 | order of execution is undefined.</p> |
1064 | order of execution is undefined.</p> |
|
|
1065 | |
|
|
1066 | </div> |
|
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1067 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1068 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2"> |
1003 | <dl> |
1069 | <dl> |
1004 | <dt>ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1070 | <dt>ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1005 | <dt>ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1071 | <dt>ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)</dt> |
1006 | <dd> |
1072 | <dd> |
1007 | <p>Configure the timer to trigger after <code>after</code> seconds. If <code>repeat</code> is |
1073 | <p>Configure the timer to trigger after <code>after</code> seconds. If <code>repeat</code> is |
… | |
… | |
1096 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
1162 | but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher |
1097 | to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
1163 | to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a |
1098 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. <code>ev_now () |
1164 | periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. <code>ev_now () |
1099 | + 10.</code>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
1165 | + 10.</code>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will |
1100 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an <code>ev_timer</code>, which would trigger |
1166 | take a year to trigger the event (unlike an <code>ev_timer</code>, which would trigger |
1101 | roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time |
1167 | roughly 10 seconds later).</p> |
1102 | again).</p> |
|
|
1103 | <p>They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
1168 | <p>They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as |
1104 | triggering an event on eahc midnight, local time.</p> |
1169 | triggering an event on each midnight, local time or other, complicated, |
|
|
1170 | rules.</p> |
1105 | <p>As with timers, the callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when the |
1171 | <p>As with timers, the callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when the |
1106 | time (<code>at</code>) has been passed, but if multiple periodic timers become ready |
1172 | time (<code>at</code>) has been passed, but if multiple periodic timers become ready |
1107 | during the same loop iteration then order of execution is undefined.</p> |
1173 | during the same loop iteration then order of execution is undefined.</p> |
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1174 | |
|
|
1175 | </div> |
|
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1176 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-3">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1177 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2"> |
1108 | <dl> |
1178 | <dl> |
1109 | <dt>ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1179 | <dt>ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1110 | <dt>ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1180 | <dt>ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)</dt> |
1111 | <dd> |
1181 | <dd> |
1112 | <p>Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of |
1182 | <p>Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of |
1113 | operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:</p> |
1183 | operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:</p> |
1114 | <p> |
1184 | <p> |
1115 | <dl> |
1185 | <dl> |
1116 | <dt>* absolute timer (interval = reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1186 | <dt>* absolute timer (at = time, interval = reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1117 | <dd> |
1187 | <dd> |
1118 | <p>In this configuration the watcher triggers an event at the wallclock time |
1188 | <p>In this configuration the watcher triggers an event at the wallclock time |
1119 | <code>at</code> and doesn't repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, |
1189 | <code>at</code> and doesn't repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, |
1120 | that is, if it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the |
1190 | that is, if it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the |
1121 | system time reaches or surpasses this time.</p> |
1191 | system time reaches or surpasses this time.</p> |
1122 | </dd> |
1192 | </dd> |
1123 | <dt>* non-repeating interval timer (interval > 0, reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1193 | <dt>* non-repeating interval timer (at = offset, interval > 0, reschedule_cb = 0)</dt> |
1124 | <dd> |
1194 | <dd> |
1125 | <p>In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the next |
1195 | <p>In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the next |
1126 | <code>at + N * interval</code> time (for some integer N) and then repeat, regardless |
1196 | <code>at + N * interval</code> time (for some integer N, which can also be negative) |
1127 | of any time jumps.</p> |
1197 | and then repeat, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
1128 | <p>This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect to system |
1198 | <p>This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect to system |
1129 | time:</p> |
1199 | time:</p> |
1130 | <pre> ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0); |
1200 | <pre> ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0); |
1131 | |
1201 | |
1132 | </pre> |
1202 | </pre> |
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1135 | full hour (UTC), or more correctly, when the system time is evenly divisible |
1205 | full hour (UTC), or more correctly, when the system time is evenly divisible |
1136 | by 3600.</p> |
1206 | by 3600.</p> |
1137 | <p>Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that |
1207 | <p>Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that |
1138 | <code>ev_periodic</code> will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible |
1208 | <code>ev_periodic</code> will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible |
1139 | time where <code>time = at (mod interval)</code>, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
1209 | time where <code>time = at (mod interval)</code>, regardless of any time jumps.</p> |
|
|
1210 | <p>For numerical stability it is preferable that the <code>at</code> value is near |
|
|
1211 | <code>ev_now ()</code> (the current time), but there is no range requirement for |
|
|
1212 | this value.</p> |
1140 | </dd> |
1213 | </dd> |
1141 | <dt>* manual reschedule mode (reschedule_cb = callback)</dt> |
1214 | <dt>* manual reschedule mode (at and interval ignored, reschedule_cb = callback)</dt> |
1142 | <dd> |
1215 | <dd> |
1143 | <p>In this mode the values for <code>interval</code> and <code>at</code> are both being |
1216 | <p>In this mode the values for <code>interval</code> and <code>at</code> are both being |
1144 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
1217 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
1145 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
1218 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
1146 | current time as second argument.</p> |
1219 | current time as second argument.</p> |
1147 | <p>NOTE: <i>This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy any periodic watcher, |
1220 | <p>NOTE: <i>This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy any periodic watcher, |
1148 | ever, or make any event loop modifications</i>. If you need to stop it, |
1221 | ever, or make any event loop modifications</i>. If you need to stop it, |
1149 | return <code>now + 1e30</code> (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards (e.g. by |
1222 | return <code>now + 1e30</code> (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards (e.g. by |
1150 | starting a prepare watcher).</p> |
1223 | starting an <code>ev_prepare</code> watcher, which is legal).</p> |
1151 | <p>Its prototype is <code>ev_tstamp (*reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic *w, |
1224 | <p>Its prototype is <code>ev_tstamp (*reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic *w, |
1152 | ev_tstamp now)</code>, e.g.:</p> |
1225 | ev_tstamp now)</code>, e.g.:</p> |
1153 | <pre> static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1226 | <pre> static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
1154 | { |
1227 | { |
1155 | return now + 60.; |
1228 | return now + 60.; |
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1175 | <dd> |
1248 | <dd> |
1176 | <p>Simply stops and restarts the periodic watcher again. This is only useful |
1249 | <p>Simply stops and restarts the periodic watcher again. This is only useful |
1177 | when you changed some parameters or the reschedule callback would return |
1250 | when you changed some parameters or the reschedule callback would return |
1178 | a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like |
1251 | a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like |
1179 | program when the crontabs have changed).</p> |
1252 | program when the crontabs have changed).</p> |
|
|
1253 | </dd> |
|
|
1254 | <dt>ev_tstamp offset [read-write]</dt> |
|
|
1255 | <dd> |
|
|
1256 | <p>When repeating, this contains the offset value, otherwise this is the |
|
|
1257 | absolute point in time (the <code>at</code> value passed to <code>ev_periodic_set</code>).</p> |
|
|
1258 | <p>Can be modified any time, but changes only take effect when the periodic |
|
|
1259 | timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being called.</p> |
1180 | </dd> |
1260 | </dd> |
1181 | <dt>ev_tstamp interval [read-write]</dt> |
1261 | <dt>ev_tstamp interval [read-write]</dt> |
1182 | <dd> |
1262 | <dd> |
1183 | <p>The current interval value. Can be modified any time, but changes only |
1263 | <p>The current interval value. Can be modified any time, but changes only |
1184 | take effect when the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being |
1264 | take effect when the periodic timer fires or <code>ev_periodic_again</code> is being |
… | |
… | |
1239 | first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher |
1319 | first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher |
1240 | with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long |
1320 | with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long |
1241 | as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal |
1321 | as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal |
1242 | watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to |
1322 | watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to |
1243 | SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).</p> |
1323 | SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).</p> |
|
|
1324 | |
|
|
1325 | </div> |
|
|
1326 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-4">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1327 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-2"> |
1244 | <dl> |
1328 | <dl> |
1245 | <dt>ev_signal_init (ev_signal *, callback, int signum)</dt> |
1329 | <dt>ev_signal_init (ev_signal *, callback, int signum)</dt> |
1246 | <dt>ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)</dt> |
1330 | <dt>ev_signal_set (ev_signal *, int signum)</dt> |
1247 | <dd> |
1331 | <dd> |
1248 | <p>Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
1332 | <p>Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one |
… | |
… | |
1261 | </div> |
1345 | </div> |
1262 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</h2> |
1346 | <h2 id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro"><code>ev_child</code> - watch out for process status changes</h2> |
1263 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro-2"> |
1347 | <div id="code_ev_child_code_watch_out_for_pro-2"> |
1264 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1348 | <p>Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to |
1265 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
1349 | some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).</p> |
|
|
1350 | |
|
|
1351 | </div> |
|
|
1352 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-5">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1353 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-3"> |
1266 | <dl> |
1354 | <dl> |
1267 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1355 | <dt>ev_child_init (ev_child *, callback, int pid)</dt> |
1268 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
1356 | <dt>ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)</dt> |
1269 | <dd> |
1357 | <dd> |
1270 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process <code>pid</code> (or |
1358 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process <code>pid</code> (or |
… | |
… | |
1333 | reader). Inotify will be used to give hints only and should not change the |
1421 | reader). Inotify will be used to give hints only and should not change the |
1334 | semantics of <code>ev_stat</code> watchers, which means that libev sometimes needs |
1422 | semantics of <code>ev_stat</code> watchers, which means that libev sometimes needs |
1335 | to fall back to regular polling again even with inotify, but changes are |
1423 | to fall back to regular polling again even with inotify, but changes are |
1336 | usually detected immediately, and if the file exists there will be no |
1424 | usually detected immediately, and if the file exists there will be no |
1337 | polling.</p> |
1425 | polling.</p> |
|
|
1426 | |
|
|
1427 | </div> |
|
|
1428 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-6">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1429 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-4"> |
1338 | <dl> |
1430 | <dl> |
1339 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1431 | <dt>ev_stat_init (ev_stat *, callback, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1340 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1432 | <dt>ev_stat_set (ev_stat *, const char *path, ev_tstamp interval)</dt> |
1341 | <dd> |
1433 | <dd> |
1342 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
1434 | <p>Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of the given |
… | |
… | |
1420 | active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.</p> |
1512 | active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.</p> |
1421 | <p>Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
1513 | <p>Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
1422 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
1514 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
1423 | "pseudo-background processing", or delay processing stuff to after the |
1515 | "pseudo-background processing", or delay processing stuff to after the |
1424 | event loop has handled all outstanding events.</p> |
1516 | event loop has handled all outstanding events.</p> |
|
|
1517 | |
|
|
1518 | </div> |
|
|
1519 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-7">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1520 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-5"> |
1425 | <dl> |
1521 | <dl> |
1426 | <dt>ev_idle_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1522 | <dt>ev_idle_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1427 | <dd> |
1523 | <dd> |
1428 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1524 | <p>Initialises and configures the idle watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1429 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1525 | kind. There is a <code>ev_idle_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
… | |
… | |
1483 | are ready to run (it's actually more complicated: it only runs coroutines |
1579 | are ready to run (it's actually more complicated: it only runs coroutines |
1484 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
1580 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
1485 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
1581 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
1486 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
1582 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
1487 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks).</p> |
1583 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks).</p> |
|
|
1584 | <p>It is recommended to give <code>ev_check</code> watchers highest (<code>EV_MAXPRI</code>) |
|
|
1585 | priority, to ensure that they are being run before any other watchers |
|
|
1586 | after the poll. Also, <code>ev_check</code> watchers (and <code>ev_prepare</code> watchers, |
|
|
1587 | too) should not activate ("feed") events into libev. While libev fully |
|
|
1588 | supports this, they will be called before other <code>ev_check</code> watchers did |
|
|
1589 | their job. As <code>ev_check</code> watchers are often used to embed other event |
|
|
1590 | loops those other event loops might be in an unusable state until their |
|
|
1591 | <code>ev_check</code> watcher ran (always remind yourself to coexist peacefully with |
|
|
1592 | others).</p> |
|
|
1593 | |
|
|
1594 | </div> |
|
|
1595 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-8">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1596 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-6"> |
1488 | <dl> |
1597 | <dl> |
1489 | <dt>ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)</dt> |
1598 | <dt>ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)</dt> |
1490 | <dt>ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)</dt> |
1599 | <dt>ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)</dt> |
1491 | <dd> |
1600 | <dd> |
1492 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1601 | <p>Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no |
1493 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1602 | parameters of any kind. There are <code>ev_prepare_set</code> and <code>ev_check_set</code> |
1494 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1603 | macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.</p> |
1495 | </dd> |
1604 | </dd> |
1496 | </dl> |
1605 | </dl> |
1497 | <p>Example: To include a library such as adns, you would add IO watchers |
1606 | <p>There are a number of principal ways to embed other event loops or modules |
1498 | and a timeout watcher in a prepare handler, as required by libadns, and |
1607 | into libev. Here are some ideas on how to include libadns into libev |
|
|
1608 | (there is a Perl module named <code>EV::ADNS</code> that does this, which you could |
|
|
1609 | use for an actually working example. Another Perl module named <code>EV::Glib</code> |
|
|
1610 | embeds a Glib main context into libev, and finally, <code>Glib::EV</code> embeds EV |
|
|
1611 | into the Glib event loop).</p> |
|
|
1612 | <p>Method 1: Add IO watchers and a timeout watcher in a prepare handler, |
1499 | in a check watcher, destroy them and call into libadns. What follows is |
1613 | and in a check watcher, destroy them and call into libadns. What follows |
1500 | pseudo-code only of course:</p> |
1614 | is pseudo-code only of course. This requires you to either use a low |
|
|
1615 | priority for the check watcher or use <code>ev_clear_pending</code> explicitly, as |
|
|
1616 | the callbacks for the IO/timeout watchers might not have been called yet.</p> |
1501 | <pre> static ev_io iow [nfd]; |
1617 | <pre> static ev_io iow [nfd]; |
1502 | static ev_timer tw; |
1618 | static ev_timer tw; |
1503 | |
1619 | |
1504 | static void |
1620 | static void |
1505 | io_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) |
1621 | io_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_io *w, int revents) |
1506 | { |
1622 | { |
1507 | // set the relevant poll flags |
|
|
1508 | // could also call adns_processreadable etc. here |
|
|
1509 | struct pollfd *fd = (struct pollfd *)w->data; |
|
|
1510 | if (revents & EV_READ ) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLIN; |
|
|
1511 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLOUT; |
|
|
1512 | } |
1623 | } |
1513 | |
1624 | |
1514 | // create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking |
1625 | // create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking |
1515 | static void |
1626 | static void |
1516 | adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_prepare *w, int revents) |
1627 | adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_prepare *w, int revents) |
… | |
… | |
1522 | |
1633 | |
1523 | /* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */ |
1634 | /* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */ |
1524 | ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3); |
1635 | ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3); |
1525 | ev_timer_start (loop, &tw); |
1636 | ev_timer_start (loop, &tw); |
1526 | |
1637 | |
1527 | // create on ev_io per pollfd |
1638 | // create one ev_io per pollfd |
1528 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1639 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1529 | { |
1640 | { |
1530 | ev_io_init (iow + i, io_cb, fds [i].fd, |
1641 | ev_io_init (iow + i, io_cb, fds [i].fd, |
1531 | ((fds [i].events & POLLIN ? EV_READ : 0) |
1642 | ((fds [i].events & POLLIN ? EV_READ : 0) |
1532 | | (fds [i].events & POLLOUT ? EV_WRITE : 0))); |
1643 | | (fds [i].events & POLLOUT ? EV_WRITE : 0))); |
1533 | |
1644 | |
1534 | fds [i].revents = 0; |
1645 | fds [i].revents = 0; |
1535 | iow [i].data = fds + i; |
|
|
1536 | ev_io_start (loop, iow + i); |
1646 | ev_io_start (loop, iow + i); |
1537 | } |
1647 | } |
1538 | } |
1648 | } |
1539 | |
1649 | |
1540 | // stop all watchers after blocking |
1650 | // stop all watchers after blocking |
… | |
… | |
1542 | adns_check_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_check *w, int revents) |
1652 | adns_check_cb (ev_loop *loop, ev_check *w, int revents) |
1543 | { |
1653 | { |
1544 | ev_timer_stop (loop, &tw); |
1654 | ev_timer_stop (loop, &tw); |
1545 | |
1655 | |
1546 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
1656 | for (int i = 0; i < nfd; ++i) |
|
|
1657 | { |
|
|
1658 | // set the relevant poll flags |
|
|
1659 | // could also call adns_processreadable etc. here |
|
|
1660 | struct pollfd *fd = fds + i; |
|
|
1661 | int revents = ev_clear_pending (iow + i); |
|
|
1662 | if (revents & EV_READ ) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLIN; |
|
|
1663 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) fd->revents |= fd->events & POLLOUT; |
|
|
1664 | |
|
|
1665 | // now stop the watcher |
1547 | ev_io_stop (loop, iow + i); |
1666 | ev_io_stop (loop, iow + i); |
|
|
1667 | } |
1548 | |
1668 | |
1549 | adns_afterpoll (adns, fds, nfd, timeval_from (ev_now (loop)); |
1669 | adns_afterpoll (adns, fds, nfd, timeval_from (ev_now (loop)); |
|
|
1670 | } |
|
|
1671 | |
|
|
1672 | </pre> |
|
|
1673 | <p>Method 2: This would be just like method 1, but you run <code>adns_afterpoll</code> |
|
|
1674 | in the prepare watcher and would dispose of the check watcher.</p> |
|
|
1675 | <p>Method 3: If the module to be embedded supports explicit event |
|
|
1676 | notification (adns does), you can also make use of the actual watcher |
|
|
1677 | callbacks, and only destroy/create the watchers in the prepare watcher.</p> |
|
|
1678 | <pre> static void |
|
|
1679 | timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
|
|
1680 | { |
|
|
1681 | adns_state ads = (adns_state)w->data; |
|
|
1682 | update_now (EV_A); |
|
|
1683 | |
|
|
1684 | adns_processtimeouts (ads, &tv_now); |
|
|
1685 | } |
|
|
1686 | |
|
|
1687 | static void |
|
|
1688 | io_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents) |
|
|
1689 | { |
|
|
1690 | adns_state ads = (adns_state)w->data; |
|
|
1691 | update_now (EV_A); |
|
|
1692 | |
|
|
1693 | if (revents & EV_READ ) adns_processreadable (ads, w->fd, &tv_now); |
|
|
1694 | if (revents & EV_WRITE) adns_processwriteable (ads, w->fd, &tv_now); |
|
|
1695 | } |
|
|
1696 | |
|
|
1697 | // do not ever call adns_afterpoll |
|
|
1698 | |
|
|
1699 | </pre> |
|
|
1700 | <p>Method 4: Do not use a prepare or check watcher because the module you |
|
|
1701 | want to embed is too inflexible to support it. Instead, youc na override |
|
|
1702 | their poll function. The drawback with this solution is that the main |
|
|
1703 | loop is now no longer controllable by EV. The <code>Glib::EV</code> module does |
|
|
1704 | this.</p> |
|
|
1705 | <pre> static gint |
|
|
1706 | event_poll_func (GPollFD *fds, guint nfds, gint timeout) |
|
|
1707 | { |
|
|
1708 | int got_events = 0; |
|
|
1709 | |
|
|
1710 | for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) |
|
|
1711 | // create/start io watcher that sets the relevant bits in fds[n] and increment got_events |
|
|
1712 | |
|
|
1713 | if (timeout >= 0) |
|
|
1714 | // create/start timer |
|
|
1715 | |
|
|
1716 | // poll |
|
|
1717 | ev_loop (EV_A_ 0); |
|
|
1718 | |
|
|
1719 | // stop timer again |
|
|
1720 | if (timeout >= 0) |
|
|
1721 | ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &to); |
|
|
1722 | |
|
|
1723 | // stop io watchers again - their callbacks should have set |
|
|
1724 | for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) |
|
|
1725 | ev_io_stop (EV_A_ iow [n]); |
|
|
1726 | |
|
|
1727 | return got_events; |
1550 | } |
1728 | } |
1551 | |
1729 | |
1552 | |
1730 | |
1553 | |
1731 | |
1554 | |
1732 | |
… | |
… | |
1615 | } |
1793 | } |
1616 | else |
1794 | else |
1617 | loop_lo = loop_hi; |
1795 | loop_lo = loop_hi; |
1618 | |
1796 | |
1619 | </pre> |
1797 | </pre> |
|
|
1798 | |
|
|
1799 | </div> |
|
|
1800 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-9">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1801 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-7"> |
1620 | <dl> |
1802 | <dl> |
1621 | <dt>ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1803 | <dt>ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1622 | <dt>ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1804 | <dt>ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)</dt> |
1623 | <dd> |
1805 | <dd> |
1624 | <p>Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
1806 | <p>Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
… | |
… | |
1651 | <code>ev_default_fork</code> or <code>ev_loop_fork</code>). The invocation is done before the |
1833 | <code>ev_default_fork</code> or <code>ev_loop_fork</code>). The invocation is done before the |
1652 | event loop blocks next and before <code>ev_check</code> watchers are being called, |
1834 | event loop blocks next and before <code>ev_check</code> watchers are being called, |
1653 | and only in the child after the fork. If whoever good citizen calling |
1835 | and only in the child after the fork. If whoever good citizen calling |
1654 | <code>ev_default_fork</code> cheats and calls it in the wrong process, the fork |
1836 | <code>ev_default_fork</code> cheats and calls it in the wrong process, the fork |
1655 | handlers will be invoked, too, of course.</p> |
1837 | handlers will be invoked, too, of course.</p> |
|
|
1838 | |
|
|
1839 | </div> |
|
|
1840 | <h3 id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-10">Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members</h3> |
|
|
1841 | <div id="Watcher_Specific_Functions_and_Data_-2-8"> |
1656 | <dl> |
1842 | <dl> |
1657 | <dt>ev_fork_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1843 | <dt>ev_fork_init (ev_signal *, callback)</dt> |
1658 | <dd> |
1844 | <dd> |
1659 | <p>Initialises and configures the fork watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1845 | <p>Initialises and configures the fork watcher - it has no parameters of any |
1660 | kind. There is a <code>ev_fork_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |
1846 | kind. There is a <code>ev_fork_set</code> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, |