… | |
… | |
53 | The newest version of this document is also available as a html-formatted |
53 | The newest version of this document is also available as a html-formatted |
54 | web page you might find easier to navigate when reading it for the first |
54 | web page you might find easier to navigate when reading it for the first |
55 | time: L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>. |
55 | time: L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>. |
56 | |
56 | |
57 | Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
57 | Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
58 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage |
58 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occurring), and it will manage |
59 | these event sources and provide your program with events. |
59 | these event sources and provide your program with events. |
60 | |
60 | |
61 | To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
61 | To do this, it must take more or less complete control over your process |
62 | (or thread) by executing the I<event loop> handler, and will then |
62 | (or thread) by executing the I<event loop> handler, and will then |
63 | communicate events via a callback mechanism. |
63 | communicate events via a callback mechanism. |
… | |
… | |
115 | |
115 | |
116 | Returns the current time as libev would use it. Please note that the |
116 | Returns the current time as libev would use it. Please note that the |
117 | C<ev_now> function is usually faster and also often returns the timestamp |
117 | C<ev_now> function is usually faster and also often returns the timestamp |
118 | you actually want to know. |
118 | you actually want to know. |
119 | |
119 | |
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120 | =item ev_sleep (ev_tstamp interval) |
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121 | |
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122 | Sleep for the given interval: The current thread will be blocked until |
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123 | either it is interrupted or the given time interval has passed. Basically |
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124 | this is a subsecond-resolution C<sleep ()>. |
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125 | |
120 | =item int ev_version_major () |
126 | =item int ev_version_major () |
121 | |
127 | |
122 | =item int ev_version_minor () |
128 | =item int ev_version_minor () |
123 | |
129 | |
124 | You can find out the major and minor ABI version numbers of the library |
130 | You can find out the major and minor ABI version numbers of the library |
… | |
… | |
300 | =item C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> (value 1, portable select backend) |
306 | =item C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> (value 1, portable select backend) |
301 | |
307 | |
302 | This is your standard select(2) backend. Not I<completely> standard, as |
308 | This is your standard select(2) backend. Not I<completely> standard, as |
303 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
309 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
304 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
310 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
305 | using this backend. It doesn't scale too well (O(highest_fd)), but its usually |
311 | using this backend. It doesn't scale too well (O(highest_fd)), but its |
306 | the fastest backend for a low number of fds. |
312 | usually the fastest backend for a low number of (low-numbered :) fds. |
|
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313 | |
|
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314 | To get good performance out of this backend you need a high amount of |
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315 | parallelity (most of the file descriptors should be busy). If you are |
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316 | writing a server, you should C<accept ()> in a loop to accept as many |
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317 | connections as possible during one iteration. You might also want to have |
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318 | a look at C<ev_set_io_collect_interval ()> to increase the amount of |
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319 | readyness notifications you get per iteration. |
307 | |
320 | |
308 | =item C<EVBACKEND_POLL> (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows) |
321 | =item C<EVBACKEND_POLL> (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows) |
309 | |
322 | |
310 | And this is your standard poll(2) backend. It's more complicated than |
323 | And this is your standard poll(2) backend. It's more complicated |
311 | select, but handles sparse fds better and has no artificial limit on the |
324 | than select, but handles sparse fds better and has no artificial |
312 | number of fds you can use (except it will slow down considerably with a |
325 | limit on the number of fds you can use (except it will slow down |
313 | lot of inactive fds). It scales similarly to select, i.e. O(total_fds). |
326 | considerably with a lot of inactive fds). It scales similarly to select, |
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327 | i.e. O(total_fds). See the entry for C<EVBACKEND_SELECT>, above, for |
|
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328 | performance tips. |
314 | |
329 | |
315 | =item C<EVBACKEND_EPOLL> (value 4, Linux) |
330 | =item C<EVBACKEND_EPOLL> (value 4, Linux) |
316 | |
331 | |
317 | For few fds, this backend is a bit little slower than poll and select, |
332 | For few fds, this backend is a bit little slower than poll and select, |
318 | but it scales phenomenally better. While poll and select usually scale like |
333 | but it scales phenomenally better. While poll and select usually scale |
319 | O(total_fds) where n is the total number of fds (or the highest fd), epoll scales |
334 | like O(total_fds) where n is the total number of fds (or the highest fd), |
320 | either O(1) or O(active_fds). |
335 | epoll scales either O(1) or O(active_fds). The epoll design has a number |
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336 | of shortcomings, such as silently dropping events in some hard-to-detect |
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337 | cases and rewiring a syscall per fd change, no fork support and bad |
|
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338 | support for dup. |
321 | |
339 | |
322 | While stopping and starting an I/O watcher in the same iteration will |
340 | While stopping, setting and starting an I/O watcher in the same iteration |
323 | result in some caching, there is still a syscall per such incident |
341 | will result in some caching, there is still a syscall per such incident |
324 | (because the fd could point to a different file description now), so its |
342 | (because the fd could point to a different file description now), so its |
325 | best to avoid that. Also, dup()ed file descriptors might not work very |
343 | best to avoid that. Also, C<dup ()>'ed file descriptors might not work |
326 | well if you register events for both fds. |
344 | very well if you register events for both fds. |
327 | |
345 | |
328 | Please note that epoll sometimes generates spurious notifications, so you |
346 | Please note that epoll sometimes generates spurious notifications, so you |
329 | need to use non-blocking I/O or other means to avoid blocking when no data |
347 | need to use non-blocking I/O or other means to avoid blocking when no data |
330 | (or space) is available. |
348 | (or space) is available. |
331 | |
349 | |
|
|
350 | Best performance from this backend is achieved by not unregistering all |
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351 | watchers for a file descriptor until it has been closed, if possible, i.e. |
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352 | keep at least one watcher active per fd at all times. |
|
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353 | |
|
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354 | While nominally embeddeble in other event loops, this feature is broken in |
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355 | all kernel versions tested so far. |
|
|
356 | |
332 | =item C<EVBACKEND_KQUEUE> (value 8, most BSD clones) |
357 | =item C<EVBACKEND_KQUEUE> (value 8, most BSD clones) |
333 | |
358 | |
334 | Kqueue deserves special mention, as at the time of this writing, it |
359 | Kqueue deserves special mention, as at the time of this writing, it |
335 | was broken on all BSDs except NetBSD (usually it doesn't work with |
360 | was broken on all BSDs except NetBSD (usually it doesn't work reliably |
336 | anything but sockets and pipes, except on Darwin, where of course it's |
361 | with anything but sockets and pipes, except on Darwin, where of course |
337 | completely useless). For this reason it's not being "autodetected" |
362 | it's completely useless). For this reason it's not being "autodetected" |
338 | unless you explicitly specify it explicitly in the flags (i.e. using |
363 | unless you explicitly specify it explicitly in the flags (i.e. using |
339 | C<EVBACKEND_KQUEUE>). |
364 | C<EVBACKEND_KQUEUE>) or libev was compiled on a known-to-be-good (-enough) |
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365 | system like NetBSD. |
|
|
366 | |
|
|
367 | You still can embed kqueue into a normal poll or select backend and use it |
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368 | only for sockets (after having made sure that sockets work with kqueue on |
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|
369 | the target platform). See C<ev_embed> watchers for more info. |
340 | |
370 | |
341 | It scales in the same way as the epoll backend, but the interface to the |
371 | It scales in the same way as the epoll backend, but the interface to the |
342 | kernel is more efficient (which says nothing about its actual speed, of |
372 | kernel is more efficient (which says nothing about its actual speed, of |
343 | course). While starting and stopping an I/O watcher does not cause an |
373 | course). While stopping, setting and starting an I/O watcher does never |
344 | extra syscall as with epoll, it still adds up to four event changes per |
374 | cause an extra syscall as with C<EVBACKEND_EPOLL>, it still adds up to |
345 | incident, so its best to avoid that. |
375 | two event changes per incident, support for C<fork ()> is very bad and it |
|
|
376 | drops fds silently in similarly hard-to-detect cases. |
|
|
377 | |
|
|
378 | This backend usually performs well under most conditions. |
|
|
379 | |
|
|
380 | While nominally embeddable in other event loops, this doesn't work |
|
|
381 | everywhere, so you might need to test for this. And since it is broken |
|
|
382 | almost everywhere, you should only use it when you have a lot of sockets |
|
|
383 | (for which it usually works), by embedding it into another event loop |
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|
384 | (e.g. C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> or C<EVBACKEND_POLL>) and using it only for |
|
|
385 | sockets. |
346 | |
386 | |
347 | =item C<EVBACKEND_DEVPOLL> (value 16, Solaris 8) |
387 | =item C<EVBACKEND_DEVPOLL> (value 16, Solaris 8) |
348 | |
388 | |
349 | This is not implemented yet (and might never be). |
389 | This is not implemented yet (and might never be, unless you send me an |
|
|
390 | implementation). According to reports, C</dev/poll> only supports sockets |
|
|
391 | and is not embeddable, which would limit the usefulness of this backend |
|
|
392 | immensely. |
350 | |
393 | |
351 | =item C<EVBACKEND_PORT> (value 32, Solaris 10) |
394 | =item C<EVBACKEND_PORT> (value 32, Solaris 10) |
352 | |
395 | |
353 | This uses the Solaris 10 port mechanism. As with everything on Solaris, |
396 | This uses the Solaris 10 event port mechanism. As with everything on Solaris, |
354 | it's really slow, but it still scales very well (O(active_fds)). |
397 | it's really slow, but it still scales very well (O(active_fds)). |
355 | |
398 | |
356 | Please note that solaris ports can result in a lot of spurious |
399 | Please note that solaris event ports can deliver a lot of spurious |
357 | notifications, so you need to use non-blocking I/O or other means to avoid |
400 | notifications, so you need to use non-blocking I/O or other means to avoid |
358 | blocking when no data (or space) is available. |
401 | blocking when no data (or space) is available. |
|
|
402 | |
|
|
403 | While this backend scales well, it requires one system call per active |
|
|
404 | file descriptor per loop iteration. For small and medium numbers of file |
|
|
405 | descriptors a "slow" C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> or C<EVBACKEND_POLL> backend |
|
|
406 | might perform better. |
359 | |
407 | |
360 | =item C<EVBACKEND_ALL> |
408 | =item C<EVBACKEND_ALL> |
361 | |
409 | |
362 | Try all backends (even potentially broken ones that wouldn't be tried |
410 | Try all backends (even potentially broken ones that wouldn't be tried |
363 | with C<EVFLAG_AUTO>). Since this is a mask, you can do stuff such as |
411 | with C<EVFLAG_AUTO>). Since this is a mask, you can do stuff such as |
364 | C<EVBACKEND_ALL & ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE>. |
412 | C<EVBACKEND_ALL & ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE>. |
|
|
413 | |
|
|
414 | It is definitely not recommended to use this flag. |
365 | |
415 | |
366 | =back |
416 | =back |
367 | |
417 | |
368 | If one or more of these are ored into the flags value, then only these |
418 | If one or more of these are ored into the flags value, then only these |
369 | backends will be tried (in the reverse order as given here). If none are |
419 | backends will be tried (in the reverse order as given here). If none are |
… | |
… | |
469 | |
519 | |
470 | Returns the current "event loop time", which is the time the event loop |
520 | Returns the current "event loop time", which is the time the event loop |
471 | received events and started processing them. This timestamp does not |
521 | received events and started processing them. This timestamp does not |
472 | change as long as callbacks are being processed, and this is also the base |
522 | change as long as callbacks are being processed, and this is also the base |
473 | time used for relative timers. You can treat it as the timestamp of the |
523 | time used for relative timers. You can treat it as the timestamp of the |
474 | event occuring (or more correctly, libev finding out about it). |
524 | event occurring (or more correctly, libev finding out about it). |
475 | |
525 | |
476 | =item ev_loop (loop, int flags) |
526 | =item ev_loop (loop, int flags) |
477 | |
527 | |
478 | Finally, this is it, the event handler. This function usually is called |
528 | Finally, this is it, the event handler. This function usually is called |
479 | after you initialised all your watchers and you want to start handling |
529 | after you initialised all your watchers and you want to start handling |
… | |
… | |
563 | Example: For some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again. |
613 | Example: For some weird reason, unregister the above signal handler again. |
564 | |
614 | |
565 | ev_ref (loop); |
615 | ev_ref (loop); |
566 | ev_signal_stop (loop, &exitsig); |
616 | ev_signal_stop (loop, &exitsig); |
567 | |
617 | |
|
|
618 | =item ev_set_io_collect_interval (loop, ev_tstamp interval) |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | =item ev_set_timeout_collect_interval (loop, ev_tstamp interval) |
|
|
621 | |
|
|
622 | These advanced functions influence the time that libev will spend waiting |
|
|
623 | for events. Both are by default C<0>, meaning that libev will try to |
|
|
624 | invoke timer/periodic callbacks and I/O callbacks with minimum latency. |
|
|
625 | |
|
|
626 | Setting these to a higher value (the C<interval> I<must> be >= C<0>) |
|
|
627 | allows libev to delay invocation of I/O and timer/periodic callbacks to |
|
|
628 | increase efficiency of loop iterations. |
|
|
629 | |
|
|
630 | The background is that sometimes your program runs just fast enough to |
|
|
631 | handle one (or very few) event(s) per loop iteration. While this makes |
|
|
632 | the program responsive, it also wastes a lot of CPU time to poll for new |
|
|
633 | events, especially with backends like C<select ()> which have a high |
|
|
634 | overhead for the actual polling but can deliver many events at once. |
|
|
635 | |
|
|
636 | By setting a higher I<io collect interval> you allow libev to spend more |
|
|
637 | time collecting I/O events, so you can handle more events per iteration, |
|
|
638 | at the cost of increasing latency. Timeouts (both C<ev_periodic> and |
|
|
639 | C<ev_timer>) will be not affected. Setting this to a non-null value will |
|
|
640 | introduce an additional C<ev_sleep ()> call into most loop iterations. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | Likewise, by setting a higher I<timeout collect interval> you allow libev |
|
|
643 | to spend more time collecting timeouts, at the expense of increased |
|
|
644 | latency (the watcher callback will be called later). C<ev_io> watchers |
|
|
645 | will not be affected. Setting this to a non-null value will not introduce |
|
|
646 | any overhead in libev. |
|
|
647 | |
|
|
648 | Many (busy) programs can usually benefit by setting the io collect |
|
|
649 | interval to a value near C<0.1> or so, which is often enough for |
|
|
650 | interactive servers (of course not for games), likewise for timeouts. It |
|
|
651 | usually doesn't make much sense to set it to a lower value than C<0.01>, |
|
|
652 | as this approsaches the timing granularity of most systems. |
|
|
653 | |
568 | =back |
654 | =back |
569 | |
655 | |
570 | |
656 | |
571 | =head1 ANATOMY OF A WATCHER |
657 | =head1 ANATOMY OF A WATCHER |
572 | |
658 | |
… | |
… | |
924 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
1010 | such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on |
925 | its own, so its quite safe to use). |
1011 | its own, so its quite safe to use). |
926 | |
1012 | |
927 | =head3 The special problem of disappearing file descriptors |
1013 | =head3 The special problem of disappearing file descriptors |
928 | |
1014 | |
929 | Some backends (e.g kqueue, epoll) need to be told about closing a file |
1015 | Some backends (e.g. kqueue, epoll) need to be told about closing a file |
930 | descriptor (either by calling C<close> explicitly or by any other means, |
1016 | descriptor (either by calling C<close> explicitly or by any other means, |
931 | such as C<dup>). The reason is that you register interest in some file |
1017 | such as C<dup>). The reason is that you register interest in some file |
932 | descriptor, but when it goes away, the operating system will silently drop |
1018 | descriptor, but when it goes away, the operating system will silently drop |
933 | this interest. If another file descriptor with the same number then is |
1019 | this interest. If another file descriptor with the same number then is |
934 | registered with libev, there is no efficient way to see that this is, in |
1020 | registered with libev, there is no efficient way to see that this is, in |
… | |
… | |
942 | descriptor even if the file descriptor number itself did not change. |
1028 | descriptor even if the file descriptor number itself did not change. |
943 | |
1029 | |
944 | This is how one would do it normally anyway, the important point is that |
1030 | This is how one would do it normally anyway, the important point is that |
945 | the libev application should not optimise around libev but should leave |
1031 | the libev application should not optimise around libev but should leave |
946 | optimisations to libev. |
1032 | optimisations to libev. |
|
|
1033 | |
|
|
1034 | =head3 The special problem of dup'ed file descriptors |
|
|
1035 | |
|
|
1036 | Some backends (e.g. epoll), cannot register events for file descriptors, |
|
|
1037 | but only events for the underlying file descriptions. That means when you |
|
|
1038 | have C<dup ()>'ed file descriptors and register events for them, only one |
|
|
1039 | file descriptor might actually receive events. |
|
|
1040 | |
|
|
1041 | There is no workaround possible except not registering events |
|
|
1042 | for potentially C<dup ()>'ed file descriptors, or to resort to |
|
|
1043 | C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> or C<EVBACKEND_POLL>. |
|
|
1044 | |
|
|
1045 | =head3 The special problem of fork |
|
|
1046 | |
|
|
1047 | Some backends (epoll, kqueue) do not support C<fork ()> at all or exhibit |
|
|
1048 | useless behaviour. Libev fully supports fork, but needs to be told about |
|
|
1049 | it in the child. |
|
|
1050 | |
|
|
1051 | To support fork in your programs, you either have to call |
|
|
1052 | C<ev_default_fork ()> or C<ev_loop_fork ()> after a fork in the child, |
|
|
1053 | enable C<EVFLAG_FORKCHECK>, or resort to C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> or |
|
|
1054 | C<EVBACKEND_POLL>. |
947 | |
1055 | |
948 | |
1056 | |
949 | =head3 Watcher-Specific Functions |
1057 | =head3 Watcher-Specific Functions |
950 | |
1058 | |
951 | =over 4 |
1059 | =over 4 |
… | |
… | |
1553 | |
1661 | |
1554 | It is recommended to give C<ev_check> watchers highest (C<EV_MAXPRI>) |
1662 | It is recommended to give C<ev_check> watchers highest (C<EV_MAXPRI>) |
1555 | priority, to ensure that they are being run before any other watchers |
1663 | priority, to ensure that they are being run before any other watchers |
1556 | after the poll. Also, C<ev_check> watchers (and C<ev_prepare> watchers, |
1664 | after the poll. Also, C<ev_check> watchers (and C<ev_prepare> watchers, |
1557 | too) should not activate ("feed") events into libev. While libev fully |
1665 | too) should not activate ("feed") events into libev. While libev fully |
1558 | supports this, they will be called before other C<ev_check> watchers did |
1666 | supports this, they will be called before other C<ev_check> watchers |
1559 | their job. As C<ev_check> watchers are often used to embed other event |
1667 | did their job. As C<ev_check> watchers are often used to embed other |
1560 | loops those other event loops might be in an unusable state until their |
1668 | (non-libev) event loops those other event loops might be in an unusable |
1561 | C<ev_check> watcher ran (always remind yourself to coexist peacefully with |
1669 | state until their C<ev_check> watcher ran (always remind yourself to |
1562 | others). |
1670 | coexist peacefully with others). |
1563 | |
1671 | |
1564 | =head3 Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members |
1672 | =head3 Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members |
1565 | |
1673 | |
1566 | =over 4 |
1674 | =over 4 |
1567 | |
1675 | |
… | |
… | |
2240 | |
2348 | |
2241 | If defined to be C<1>, libev will try to detect the availability of the |
2349 | If defined to be C<1>, libev will try to detect the availability of the |
2242 | monotonic clock option at both compiletime and runtime. Otherwise no use |
2350 | monotonic clock option at both compiletime and runtime. Otherwise no use |
2243 | of the monotonic clock option will be attempted. If you enable this, you |
2351 | of the monotonic clock option will be attempted. If you enable this, you |
2244 | usually have to link against librt or something similar. Enabling it when |
2352 | usually have to link against librt or something similar. Enabling it when |
2245 | the functionality isn't available is safe, though, althoguh you have |
2353 | the functionality isn't available is safe, though, although you have |
2246 | to make sure you link against any libraries where the C<clock_gettime> |
2354 | to make sure you link against any libraries where the C<clock_gettime> |
2247 | function is hiding in (often F<-lrt>). |
2355 | function is hiding in (often F<-lrt>). |
2248 | |
2356 | |
2249 | =item EV_USE_REALTIME |
2357 | =item EV_USE_REALTIME |
2250 | |
2358 | |
… | |
… | |
2252 | realtime clock option at compiletime (and assume its availability at |
2360 | realtime clock option at compiletime (and assume its availability at |
2253 | runtime if successful). Otherwise no use of the realtime clock option will |
2361 | runtime if successful). Otherwise no use of the realtime clock option will |
2254 | be attempted. This effectively replaces C<gettimeofday> by C<clock_get |
2362 | be attempted. This effectively replaces C<gettimeofday> by C<clock_get |
2255 | (CLOCK_REALTIME, ...)> and will not normally affect correctness. See the |
2363 | (CLOCK_REALTIME, ...)> and will not normally affect correctness. See the |
2256 | note about libraries in the description of C<EV_USE_MONOTONIC>, though. |
2364 | note about libraries in the description of C<EV_USE_MONOTONIC>, though. |
|
|
2365 | |
|
|
2366 | =item EV_USE_NANOSLEEP |
|
|
2367 | |
|
|
2368 | If defined to be C<1>, libev will assume that C<nanosleep ()> is available |
|
|
2369 | and will use it for delays. Otherwise it will use C<select ()>. |
2257 | |
2370 | |
2258 | =item EV_USE_SELECT |
2371 | =item EV_USE_SELECT |
2259 | |
2372 | |
2260 | If undefined or defined to be C<1>, libev will compile in support for the |
2373 | If undefined or defined to be C<1>, libev will compile in support for the |
2261 | C<select>(2) backend. No attempt at autodetection will be done: if no |
2374 | C<select>(2) backend. No attempt at autodetection will be done: if no |
… | |
… | |
2440 | |
2553 | |
2441 | =item ev_set_cb (ev, cb) |
2554 | =item ev_set_cb (ev, cb) |
2442 | |
2555 | |
2443 | Can be used to change the callback member declaration in each watcher, |
2556 | Can be used to change the callback member declaration in each watcher, |
2444 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
2557 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
2445 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the F<ev.v> header file for |
2558 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the F<ev.h> header file for |
2446 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
2559 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
2447 | avoid the C<struct ev_loop *> as first argument in all cases, or to use |
2560 | avoid the C<struct ev_loop *> as first argument in all cases, or to use |
2448 | method calls instead of plain function calls in C++. |
2561 | method calls instead of plain function calls in C++. |
2449 | |
2562 | |
2450 | =head2 EXPORTED API SYMBOLS |
2563 | =head2 EXPORTED API SYMBOLS |
… | |
… | |
2458 | |
2571 | |
2459 | This can also be used to rename all public symbols to avoid clashes with |
2572 | This can also be used to rename all public symbols to avoid clashes with |
2460 | multiple versions of libev linked together (which is obviously bad in |
2573 | multiple versions of libev linked together (which is obviously bad in |
2461 | itself, but sometimes it is inconvinient to avoid this). |
2574 | itself, but sometimes it is inconvinient to avoid this). |
2462 | |
2575 | |
2463 | A sed comamnd like this will create wrapper C<#define>'s that you need to |
2576 | A sed command like this will create wrapper C<#define>'s that you need to |
2464 | include before including F<ev.h>: |
2577 | include before including F<ev.h>: |
2465 | |
2578 | |
2466 | <Symbols.ev sed -e "s/.*/#define & myprefix_&/" >wrap.h |
2579 | <Symbols.ev sed -e "s/.*/#define & myprefix_&/" >wrap.h |
2467 | |
2580 | |
2468 | This would create a file F<wrap.h> which essentially looks like this: |
2581 | This would create a file F<wrap.h> which essentially looks like this: |