[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/libev/ev.pod

Comparing libev/ev.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.6 by root, Mon Nov 12 08:12:14 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.31 by root, Fri Nov 23 05:00:45 2007 UTC

…		…
26	Libev supports select, poll, the linux-specific epoll and the bsd-specific	26	Libev supports select, poll, the linux-specific epoll and the bsd-specific
27	kqueue mechanisms for file descriptor events, relative timers, absolute	27	kqueue mechanisms for file descriptor events, relative timers, absolute
28	timers with customised rescheduling, signal events, process status change	28	timers with customised rescheduling, signal events, process status change
29	events (related to SIGCHLD), and event watchers dealing with the event	29	events (related to SIGCHLD), and event watchers dealing with the event
30	loop mechanism itself (idle, prepare and check watchers). It also is quite	30	loop mechanism itself (idle, prepare and check watchers). It also is quite
31	fast (see a L<benchmark\|http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html> comparing it	31	fast (see this L<benchmark\|http://libev.schmorp.de/bench.html> comparing
32	to libevent).	32	it to libevent for example).
33		33
34	=head1 CONVENTIONS	34	=head1 CONVENTIONS
35		35
36	Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration	36	Libev is very configurable. In this manual the default configuration
37	will be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info	37	will be described, which supports multiple event loops. For more info
38	about various configuraiton options please have a look at the file	38	about various configuration options please have a look at the file
39	F<README.embed> in the libev distribution. If libev was configured without	39	F<README.embed> in the libev distribution. If libev was configured without
40	support for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial	40	support for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial
41	argument of name C<loop> (which is always of type C<struct ev_loop *>)	41	argument of name C<loop> (which is always of type C<struct ev_loop *>)
42	will not have this argument.	42	will not have this argument.
43		43
44	=head1 TIME AND OTHER GLOBAL FUNCTIONS	44	=head1 TIME REPRESENTATION
45		45
46	Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the	46	Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing the
47	(fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near	47	(fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (somewhere near
48	the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is	48	the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't ask). This type is
49	called C<ev_tstamp>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases	49	called C<ev_tstamp>, which is what you should use too. It usually aliases
50	to the double type in C.	50	to the double type in C.
51		51
		52	=head1 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
		53
		54	These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the
		55	library in any way.
		56
52	=over 4	57	=over 4
53		58
54	=item ev_tstamp ev_time ()	59	=item ev_tstamp ev_time ()
55		60
56	Returns the current time as libev would use it.	61	Returns the current time as libev would use it. Please note that the
		62	C<ev_now> function is usually faster and also often returns the timestamp
		63	you actually want to know.
57		64
58	=item int ev_version_major ()	65	=item int ev_version_major ()
59		66
60	=item int ev_version_minor ()	67	=item int ev_version_minor ()
61		68
…		…
63	you linked against by calling the functions C<ev_version_major> and	70	you linked against by calling the functions C<ev_version_major> and
64	C<ev_version_minor>. If you want, you can compare against the global	71	C<ev_version_minor>. If you want, you can compare against the global
65	symbols C<EV_VERSION_MAJOR> and C<EV_VERSION_MINOR>, which specify the	72	symbols C<EV_VERSION_MAJOR> and C<EV_VERSION_MINOR>, which specify the
66	version of the library your program was compiled against.	73	version of the library your program was compiled against.
67		74
68	Usually, its a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch,	75	Usually, it's a good idea to terminate if the major versions mismatch,
69	as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually	76	as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually
70	compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually	77	compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually
71	not a problem.	78	not a problem.
72		79
		80	=item unsigned int ev_supported_backends ()
		81
		82	Return the set of all backends (i.e. their corresponding C<EV_BACKEND_*>
		83	value) compiled into this binary of libev (independent of their
		84	availability on the system you are running on). See C<ev_default_loop> for
		85	a description of the set values.
		86
		87	=item unsigned int ev_recommended_backends ()
		88
		89	Return the set of all backends compiled into this binary of libev and also
		90	recommended for this platform. This set is often smaller than the one
		91	returned by C<ev_supported_backends>, as for example kqueue is broken on
		92	most BSDs and will not be autodetected unless you explicitly request it
		93	(assuming you know what you are doing). This is the set of backends that
		94	C<EVFLAG_AUTO> will probe for.
		95
73	=item ev_set_allocator (void (cb)(void *ptr, long size))	96	=item ev_set_allocator (void (cb)(void *ptr, long size))
74		97
75	Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar to the	98	Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar to the
76	realloc function). It is used to allocate and free memory (no surprises	99	realloc C function, the semantics are identical). It is used to allocate
77	here). If it returns zero when memory needs to be allocated, the library	100	and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when memory
78	might abort or take some potentially destructive action. The default is	101	needs to be allocated, the library might abort or take some potentially
79	your system realloc function.	102	destructive action. The default is your system realloc function.
80		103
81	You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say,	104	You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say,
82	free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator,	105	free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator,
83	or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.	106	or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.
84		107
…		…
86		109
87	Set the callback function to call on a retryable syscall error (such	110	Set the callback function to call on a retryable syscall error (such
88	as failed select, poll, epoll_wait). The message is a printable string	111	as failed select, poll, epoll_wait). The message is a printable string
89	indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this	112	indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this
90	callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no	113	callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the sitution, no
91	matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will geenrally retry the	114	matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the
92	requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff	115	requested operation, or, if the condition doesn't go away, do bad stuff
93	(such as abort).	116	(such as abort).
94		117
95	=back	118	=back
96		119
…		…
99	An event loop is described by a C<struct ev_loop *>. The library knows two	122	An event loop is described by a C<struct ev_loop *>. The library knows two
100	types of such loops, the I<default> loop, which supports signals and child	123	types of such loops, the I<default> loop, which supports signals and child
101	events, and dynamically created loops which do not.	124	events, and dynamically created loops which do not.
102		125
103	If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop	126	If you use threads, a common model is to run the default event loop
104	in your main thread (or in a separate thrad) and for each thread you	127	in your main thread (or in a separate thread) and for each thread you
105	create, you also create another event loop. Libev itself does no lockign	128	create, you also create another event loop. Libev itself does no locking
106	whatsoever, so if you mix calls to different event loops, make sure you	129	whatsoever, so if you mix calls to the same event loop in different
107	lock (this is usually a bad idea, though, even if done right).	130	threads, make sure you lock (this is usually a bad idea, though, even if
		131	done correctly, because it's hideous and inefficient).
108		132
109	=over 4	133	=over 4
110		134
111	=item struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)	135	=item struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)
112		136
113	This will initialise the default event loop if it hasn't been initialised	137	This will initialise the default event loop if it hasn't been initialised
114	yet and return it. If the default loop could not be initialised, returns	138	yet and return it. If the default loop could not be initialised, returns
115	false. If it already was initialised it simply returns it (and ignores the	139	false. If it already was initialised it simply returns it (and ignores the
116	flags).	140	flags. If that is troubling you, check C<ev_backend ()> afterwards).
117		141
118	If you don't know what event loop to use, use the one returned from this	142	If you don't know what event loop to use, use the one returned from this
119	function.	143	function.
120		144
121	The flags argument can be used to specify special behaviour or specific	145	The flags argument can be used to specify special behaviour or specific
122	backends to use, and is usually specified as 0 (or EVFLAG_AUTO)	146	backends to use, and is usually specified as C<0> (or EVFLAG_AUTO).
123		147
124	It supports the following flags:	148	It supports the following flags:
125		149
126	=over 4	150	=over 4
127		151
128	=item EVFLAG_AUTO	152	=item C<EVFLAG_AUTO>
129		153
130	The default flags value. Use this if you have no clue (its the right	154	The default flags value. Use this if you have no clue (it's the right
131	thing, believe me).	155	thing, believe me).
132		156
133	=item EVFLAG_NOENV	157	=item C<EVFLAG_NOENV>
134		158
135	If this flag bit is ored into the flag value then libev will I<not> look	159	If this flag bit is ored into the flag value (or the program runs setuid
136	at the environment variable C<LIBEV_FLAGS>. Otherwise (the default), this	160	or setgid) then libev will I<not> look at the environment variable
137	environment variable will override the flags completely. This is useful	161	C<LIBEV_FLAGS>. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will
		162	override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is
138	to try out specific backends to tets their performance, or to work around	163	useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work
139	bugs.	164	around bugs.
140		165
141	=item EVMETHOD_SELECT portable select backend	166	=item C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> (value 1, portable select backend)
142		167
143	=item EVMETHOD_POLL poll backend (everywhere except windows)	168	This is your standard select(2) backend. Not I<completely> standard, as
		169	libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds,
		170	but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when
		171	using this backend. It doesn't scale too well (O(highest_fd)), but its usually
		172	the fastest backend for a low number of fds.
144		173
145	=item EVMETHOD_EPOLL linux only	174	=item C<EVBACKEND_POLL> (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)
146		175
147	=item EVMETHOD_KQUEUE some bsds only	176	And this is your standard poll(2) backend. It's more complicated than
		177	select, but handles sparse fds better and has no artificial limit on the
		178	number of fds you can use (except it will slow down considerably with a
		179	lot of inactive fds). It scales similarly to select, i.e. O(total_fds).
148		180
149	=item EVMETHOD_DEVPOLL solaris 8 only	181	=item C<EVBACKEND_EPOLL> (value 4, Linux)
150		182
151	=item EVMETHOD_PORT solaris 10 only	183	For few fds, this backend is a bit little slower than poll and select,
		184	but it scales phenomenally better. While poll and select usually scale like
		185	O(total_fds) where n is the total number of fds (or the highest fd), epoll scales
		186	either O(1) or O(active_fds).
		187
		188	While stopping and starting an I/O watcher in the same iteration will
		189	result in some caching, there is still a syscall per such incident
		190	(because the fd could point to a different file description now), so its
		191	best to avoid that. Also, dup()ed file descriptors might not work very
		192	well if you register events for both fds.
		193
		194	=item C<EVBACKEND_KQUEUE> (value 8, most BSD clones)
		195
		196	Kqueue deserves special mention, as at the time of this writing, it
		197	was broken on all BSDs except NetBSD (usually it doesn't work with
		198	anything but sockets and pipes, except on Darwin, where of course its
		199	completely useless). For this reason its not being "autodetected" unless
		200	you explicitly specify the flags (i.e. you don't use EVFLAG_AUTO).
		201
		202	It scales in the same way as the epoll backend, but the interface to the
		203	kernel is more efficient (which says nothing about its actual speed, of
		204	course). While starting and stopping an I/O watcher does not cause an
		205	extra syscall as with epoll, it still adds up to four event changes per
		206	incident, so its best to avoid that.
		207
		208	=item C<EVBACKEND_DEVPOLL> (value 16, Solaris 8)
		209
		210	This is not implemented yet (and might never be).
		211
		212	=item C<EVBACKEND_PORT> (value 32, Solaris 10)
		213
		214	This uses the Solaris 10 port mechanism. As with everything on Solaris,
		215	it's really slow, but it still scales very well (O(active_fds)).
		216
		217	=item C<EVBACKEND_ALL>
		218
		219	Try all backends (even potentially broken ones that wouldn't be tried
		220	with C<EVFLAG_AUTO>). Since this is a mask, you can do stuff such as
		221	C<EVBACKEND_ALL & ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE>.
		222
		223	=back
152		224
153	If one or more of these are ored into the flags value, then only these	225	If one or more of these are ored into the flags value, then only these
154	backends will be tried (in the reverse order as given here). If one are	226	backends will be tried (in the reverse order as given here). If none are
155	specified, any backend will do.	227	specified, most compiled-in backend will be tried, usually in reverse
156		228	order of their flag values :)
157	=back
158		229
159	=item struct ev_loop *ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)	230	=item struct ev_loop *ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
160		231
161	Similar to C<ev_default_loop>, but always creates a new event loop that is	232	Similar to C<ev_default_loop>, but always creates a new event loop that is
162	always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot	233	always distinct from the default loop. Unlike the default loop, it cannot
…		…
165		236
166	=item ev_default_destroy ()	237	=item ev_default_destroy ()
167		238
168	Destroys the default loop again (frees all memory and kernel state	239	Destroys the default loop again (frees all memory and kernel state
169	etc.). This stops all registered event watchers (by not touching them in	240	etc.). This stops all registered event watchers (by not touching them in
170	any way whatsoever, although you cnanot rely on this :).	241	any way whatsoever, although you cannot rely on this :).
171		242
172	=item ev_loop_destroy (loop)	243	=item ev_loop_destroy (loop)
173		244
174	Like C<ev_default_destroy>, but destroys an event loop created by an	245	Like C<ev_default_destroy>, but destroys an event loop created by an
175	earlier call to C<ev_loop_new>.	246	earlier call to C<ev_loop_new>.
…		…
179	This function reinitialises the kernel state for backends that have	250	This function reinitialises the kernel state for backends that have
180	one. Despite the name, you can call it anytime, but it makes most sense	251	one. Despite the name, you can call it anytime, but it makes most sense
181	after forking, in either the parent or child process (or both, but that	252	after forking, in either the parent or child process (or both, but that
182	again makes little sense).	253	again makes little sense).
183		254
184	You I<must> call this function after forking if and only if you want to	255	You I<must> call this function in the child process after forking if and
185	use the event library in both processes. If you just fork+exec, you don't	256	only if you want to use the event library in both processes. If you just
186	have to call it.	257	fork+exec, you don't have to call it.
187		258
188	The function itself is quite fast and its usually not a problem to call	259	The function itself is quite fast and it's usually not a problem to call
189	it just in case after a fork. To make this easy, the function will fit in	260	it just in case after a fork. To make this easy, the function will fit in
190	quite nicely into a call to C<pthread_atfork>:	261	quite nicely into a call to C<pthread_atfork>:
191		262
192	pthread_atfork (0, 0, ev_default_fork);	263	pthread_atfork (0, 0, ev_default_fork);
		264
		265	At the moment, C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> and C<EVBACKEND_POLL> are safe to use
		266	without calling this function, so if you force one of those backends you
		267	do not need to care.
193		268
194	=item ev_loop_fork (loop)	269	=item ev_loop_fork (loop)
195		270
196	Like C<ev_default_fork>, but acts on an event loop created by	271	Like C<ev_default_fork>, but acts on an event loop created by
197	C<ev_loop_new>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop	272	C<ev_loop_new>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop
198	after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.	273	after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.
199		274
200	=item unsigned int ev_method (loop)	275	=item unsigned int ev_backend (loop)
201		276
202	Returns one of the C<EVMETHOD_*> flags indicating the event backend in	277	Returns one of the C<EVBACKEND_*> flags indicating the event backend in
203	use.	278	use.
204		279
205	=item ev_tstamp = ev_now (loop)	280	=item ev_tstamp ev_now (loop)
206		281
207	Returns the current "event loop time", which is the time the event loop	282	Returns the current "event loop time", which is the time the event loop
208	got events and started processing them. This timestamp does not change	283	got events and started processing them. This timestamp does not change
209	as long as callbacks are being processed, and this is also the base time	284	as long as callbacks are being processed, and this is also the base time
210	used for relative timers. You can treat it as the timestamp of the event	285	used for relative timers. You can treat it as the timestamp of the event
…		…
219	If the flags argument is specified as 0, it will not return until either	294	If the flags argument is specified as 0, it will not return until either
220	no event watchers are active anymore or C<ev_unloop> was called.	295	no event watchers are active anymore or C<ev_unloop> was called.
221		296
222	A flags value of C<EVLOOP_NONBLOCK> will look for new events, will handle	297	A flags value of C<EVLOOP_NONBLOCK> will look for new events, will handle
223	those events and any outstanding ones, but will not block your process in	298	those events and any outstanding ones, but will not block your process in
224	case there are no events.	299	case there are no events and will return after one iteration of the loop.
225		300
226	A flags value of C<EVLOOP_ONESHOT> will look for new events (waiting if	301	A flags value of C<EVLOOP_ONESHOT> will look for new events (waiting if
227	neccessary) and will handle those and any outstanding ones. It will block	302	neccessary) and will handle those and any outstanding ones. It will block
228	your process until at least one new event arrives.	303	your process until at least one new event arrives, and will return after
		304	one iteration of the loop.
229		305
230	This flags value could be used to implement alternative looping	306	This flags value could be used to implement alternative looping
231	constructs, but the C<prepare> and C<check> watchers provide a better and	307	constructs, but the C<prepare> and C<check> watchers provide a better and
232	more generic mechanism.	308	more generic mechanism.
233		309
		310	Here are the gory details of what ev_loop does:
		311
		312	1. If there are no active watchers (reference count is zero), return.
		313	2. Queue and immediately call all prepare watchers.
		314	3. If we have been forked, recreate the kernel state.
		315	4. Update the kernel state with all outstanding changes.
		316	5. Update the "event loop time".
		317	6. Calculate for how long to block.
		318	7. Block the process, waiting for events.
		319	8. Update the "event loop time" and do time jump handling.
		320	9. Queue all outstanding timers.
		321	10. Queue all outstanding periodics.
		322	11. If no events are pending now, queue all idle watchers.
		323	12. Queue all check watchers.
		324	13. Call all queued watchers in reverse order (i.e. check watchers first).
		325	14. If ev_unloop has been called or EVLOOP_ONESHOT or EVLOOP_NONBLOCK
		326	was used, return, otherwise continue with step #1.
		327
234	=item ev_unloop (loop, how)	328	=item ev_unloop (loop, how)
235		329
236	Can be used to make a call to C<ev_loop> return early. The C<how> argument	330	Can be used to make a call to C<ev_loop> return early (but only after it
		331	has processed all outstanding events). The C<how> argument must be either
237	must be either C<EVUNLOOP_ONCE>, which will make the innermost C<ev_loop>	332	C<EVUNLOOP_ONE>, which will make the innermost C<ev_loop> call return, or
238	call return, or C<EVUNLOOP_ALL>, which will make all nested C<ev_loop>	333	C<EVUNLOOP_ALL>, which will make all nested C<ev_loop> calls return.
239	calls return.
240		334
241	=item ev_ref (loop)	335	=item ev_ref (loop)
242		336
243	=item ev_unref (loop)	337	=item ev_unref (loop)
244		338
245	Ref/unref can be used to add or remove a refcount on the event loop: Every	339	Ref/unref can be used to add or remove a reference count on the event
246	watcher keeps one reference. If you have a long-runing watcher you never	340	loop: Every watcher keeps one reference, and as long as the reference
247	unregister that should not keep ev_loop from running, ev_unref() after	341	count is nonzero, C<ev_loop> will not return on its own. If you have
248	starting, and ev_ref() before stopping it. Libev itself uses this for	342	a watcher you never unregister that should not keep C<ev_loop> from
249	example for its internal signal pipe: It is not visible to you as a user	343	returning, ev_unref() after starting, and ev_ref() before stopping it. For
250	and should not keep C<ev_loop> from exiting if the work is done. It is	344	example, libev itself uses this for its internal signal pipe: It is not
251	also an excellent way to do this for generic recurring timers or from	345	visible to the libev user and should not keep C<ev_loop> from exiting if
252	within third-party libraries. Just remember to unref after start and ref	346	no event watchers registered by it are active. It is also an excellent
253	before stop.	347	way to do this for generic recurring timers or from within third-party
		348	libraries. Just remember to I<unref after start> and I<ref before stop>.
254		349
255	=back	350	=back
256		351
257	=head1 ANATOMY OF A WATCHER	352	=head1 ANATOMY OF A WATCHER
258		353
259	A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your	354	A watcher is a structure that you create and register to record your
260	interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to	355	interest in some event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to
261	become readable, you would create an ev_io watcher for that:	356	become readable, you would create an C<ev_io> watcher for that:
262		357
263	static void my_cb (struct ev_loop loop, struct ev_io w, int revents)	358	static void my_cb (struct ev_loop loop, struct ev_io w, int revents)
264	{	359	{
265	ev_io_stop (w);	360	ev_io_stop (w);
266	ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL);	361	ev_unloop (loop, EVUNLOOP_ALL);
…		…
293	*) >>), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the	388	*) >>), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the
294	corresponding stop function (C<< ev_<type>_stop (loop, watcher *) >>.	389	corresponding stop function (C<< ev_<type>_stop (loop, watcher *) >>.
295		390
296	As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you	391	As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you
297	must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never	392	must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never
298	reinitialise it or call its set method.	393	reinitialise it or call its set macro.
299		394
300	You cna check whether an event is active by calling the C<ev_is_active	395	You can check whether an event is active by calling the C<ev_is_active
301	(watcher *)> macro. To see whether an event is outstanding (but the	396	(watcher *)> macro. To see whether an event is outstanding (but the
302	callback for it has not been called yet) you cna use the C<ev_is_pending	397	callback for it has not been called yet) you can use the C<ev_is_pending
303	(watcher *)> macro.	398	(watcher *)> macro.
304		399
305	Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the	400	Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the
306	registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as	401	registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as
307	third argument.	402	third argument.
308		403
309	The rceeived events usually include a single bit per event type received	404	The received events usually include a single bit per event type received
310	(you can receive multiple events at the same time). The possible bit masks	405	(you can receive multiple events at the same time). The possible bit masks
311	are:	406	are:
312		407
313	=over 4	408	=over 4
314		409
315	=item EV_READ	410	=item C<EV_READ>
316		411
317	=item EV_WRITE	412	=item C<EV_WRITE>
318		413
319	The file descriptor in the ev_io watcher has become readable and/or	414	The file descriptor in the C<ev_io> watcher has become readable and/or
320	writable.	415	writable.
321		416
322	=item EV_TIMEOUT	417	=item C<EV_TIMEOUT>
323		418
324	The ev_timer watcher has timed out.	419	The C<ev_timer> watcher has timed out.
325		420
326	=item EV_PERIODIC	421	=item C<EV_PERIODIC>
327		422
328	The ev_periodic watcher has timed out.	423	The C<ev_periodic> watcher has timed out.
329		424
330	=item EV_SIGNAL	425	=item C<EV_SIGNAL>
331		426
332	The signal specified in the ev_signal watcher has been received by a thread.	427	The signal specified in the C<ev_signal> watcher has been received by a thread.
333		428
334	=item EV_CHILD	429	=item C<EV_CHILD>
335		430
336	The pid specified in the ev_child watcher has received a status change.	431	The pid specified in the C<ev_child> watcher has received a status change.
337		432
338	=item EV_IDLE	433	=item C<EV_IDLE>
339		434
340	The ev_idle watcher has determined that you have nothing better to do.	435	The C<ev_idle> watcher has determined that you have nothing better to do.
341		436
342	=item EV_PREPARE	437	=item C<EV_PREPARE>
343		438
344	=item EV_CHECK	439	=item C<EV_CHECK>
345		440
346	All ev_prepare watchers are invoked just I<before> C<ev_loop> starts	441	All C<ev_prepare> watchers are invoked just I<before> C<ev_loop> starts
347	to gather new events, and all ev_check watchers are invoked just after	442	to gather new events, and all C<ev_check> watchers are invoked just after
348	C<ev_loop> has gathered them, but before it invokes any callbacks for any	443	C<ev_loop> has gathered them, but before it invokes any callbacks for any
349	received events. Callbacks of both watcher types can start and stop as	444	received events. Callbacks of both watcher types can start and stop as
350	many watchers as they want, and all of them will be taken into account	445	many watchers as they want, and all of them will be taken into account
351	(for example, a ev_prepare watcher might start an idle watcher to keep	446	(for example, a C<ev_prepare> watcher might start an idle watcher to keep
352	C<ev_loop> from blocking).	447	C<ev_loop> from blocking).
353		448
354	=item EV_ERROR	449	=item C<EV_ERROR>
355		450
356	An unspecified error has occured, the watcher has been stopped. This might	451	An unspecified error has occured, the watcher has been stopped. This might
357	happen because the watcher could not be properly started because libev	452	happen because the watcher could not be properly started because libev
358	ran out of memory, a file descriptor was found to be closed or any other	453	ran out of memory, a file descriptor was found to be closed or any other
359	problem. You best act on it by reporting the problem and somehow coping	454	problem. You best act on it by reporting the problem and somehow coping
…		…
368	=back	463	=back
369		464
370	=head2 ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER	465	=head2 ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER
371		466
372	Each watcher has, by default, a member C<void *data> that you can change	467	Each watcher has, by default, a member C<void *data> that you can change
373	and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This cna be used	468	and read at any time, libev will completely ignore it. This can be used
374	to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and	469	to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and
375	don't want to allocate memory and store a pointer to it in that data	470	don't want to allocate memory and store a pointer to it in that data
376	member, you can also "subclass" the watcher type and provide your own	471	member, you can also "subclass" the watcher type and provide your own
377	data:	472	data:
378		473
…		…
400	=head1 WATCHER TYPES	495	=head1 WATCHER TYPES
401		496
402	This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat	497	This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat
403	information given in the last section.	498	information given in the last section.
404		499
405	=head2 struct ev_io - is my file descriptor readable or writable	500	=head2 C<ev_io> - is this file descriptor readable or writable
406		501
407	I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable	502	I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable
408	in each iteration of the event loop (This behaviour is called	503	in each iteration of the event loop (This behaviour is called
409	level-triggering because you keep receiving events as long as the	504	level-triggering because you keep receiving events as long as the
410	condition persists. Remember you cna stop the watcher if you don't want to	505	condition persists. Remember you can stop the watcher if you don't want to
411	act on the event and neither want to receive future events).	506	act on the event and neither want to receive future events).
412		507
		508	In general you can register as many read and/or write event watchers per
		509	fd as you want (as long as you don't confuse yourself). Setting all file
		510	descriptors to non-blocking mode is also usually a good idea (but not
		511	required if you know what you are doing).
		512
		513	You have to be careful with dup'ed file descriptors, though. Some backends
		514	(the linux epoll backend is a notable example) cannot handle dup'ed file
		515	descriptors correctly if you register interest in two or more fds pointing
		516	to the same underlying file/socket etc. description (that is, they share
		517	the same underlying "file open").
		518
		519	If you must do this, then force the use of a known-to-be-good backend
		520	(at the time of this writing, this includes only C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> and
		521	C<EVBACKEND_POLL>).
		522
413	=over 4	523	=over 4
414		524
415	=item ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)	525	=item ev_io_init (ev_io *, callback, int fd, int events)
416		526
417	=item ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)	527	=item ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)
418		528
419	Configures an ev_io watcher. The fd is the file descriptor to rceeive	529	Configures an C<ev_io> watcher. The fd is the file descriptor to rceeive
420	events for and events is either C<EV_READ>, C<EV_WRITE> or C<EV_READ \|	530	events for and events is either C<EV_READ>, C<EV_WRITE> or C<EV_READ \|
421	EV_WRITE> to receive the given events.	531	EV_WRITE> to receive the given events.
422		532
423	=back	533	=back
424		534
425	=head2 struct ev_timer - relative and optionally recurring timeouts	535	=head2 C<ev_timer> - relative and optionally recurring timeouts
426		536
427	Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a	537	Timer watchers are simple relative timers that generate an event after a
428	given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that.	538	given time, and optionally repeating in regular intervals after that.
429		539
430	The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that	540	The timers are based on real time, that is, if you register an event that
431	times out after an hour and youreset your system clock to last years	541	times out after an hour and you reset your system clock to last years
432	time, it will still time out after (roughly) and hour. "Roughly" because	542	time, it will still time out after (roughly) and hour. "Roughly" because
433	detecting time jumps is hard, and soem inaccuracies are unavoidable (the	543	detecting time jumps is hard, and some inaccuracies are unavoidable (the
434	monotonic clock option helps a lot here).	544	monotonic clock option helps a lot here).
		545
		546	The relative timeouts are calculated relative to the C<ev_now ()>
		547	time. This is usually the right thing as this timestamp refers to the time
		548	of the event triggering whatever timeout you are modifying/starting. If
		549	you suspect event processing to be delayed and you I<need> to base the timeout
		550	on the current time, use something like this to adjust for this:
		551
		552	ev_timer_set (&timer, after + ev_now () - ev_time (), 0.);
		553
		554	The callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when its timeout has passed,
		555	but if multiple timers become ready during the same loop iteration then
		556	order of execution is undefined.
435		557
436	=over 4	558	=over 4
437		559
438	=item ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)	560	=item ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)
439		561
…		…
445	later, again, and again, until stopped manually.	567	later, again, and again, until stopped manually.
446		568
447	The timer itself will do a best-effort at avoiding drift, that is, if you	569	The timer itself will do a best-effort at avoiding drift, that is, if you
448	configure a timer to trigger every 10 seconds, then it will trigger at	570	configure a timer to trigger every 10 seconds, then it will trigger at
449	exactly 10 second intervals. If, however, your program cannot keep up with	571	exactly 10 second intervals. If, however, your program cannot keep up with
450	the timer (ecause it takes longer than those 10 seconds to do stuff) the	572	the timer (because it takes longer than those 10 seconds to do stuff) the
451	timer will not fire more than once per event loop iteration.	573	timer will not fire more than once per event loop iteration.
452		574
453	=item ev_timer_again (loop)	575	=item ev_timer_again (loop)
454		576
455	This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is	577	This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is
…		…
462		584
463	This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical	585	This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical
464	example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called idle	586	example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called idle
465	timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been, say, 60	587	timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been, say, 60
466	seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do this is to	588	seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do this is to
467	configure an ev_timer with after=repeat=60 and calling ev_timer_again each	589	configure an C<ev_timer> with after=repeat=60 and calling ev_timer_again each
468	time you successfully read or write some data. If you go into an idle	590	time you successfully read or write some data. If you go into an idle
469	state where you do not expect data to travel on the socket, you can stop	591	state where you do not expect data to travel on the socket, you can stop
470	the timer, and again will automatically restart it if need be.	592	the timer, and again will automatically restart it if need be.
471		593
472	=back	594	=back
473		595
474	=head2 ev_periodic - to cron or not to cron it	596	=head2 C<ev_periodic> - to cron or not to cron
475		597
476	Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile	598	Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile
477	(and unfortunately a bit complex).	599	(and unfortunately a bit complex).
478		600
479	Unlike ev_timer's, they are not based on real time (or relative time)	601	Unlike C<ev_timer>'s, they are not based on real time (or relative time)
480	but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher	602	but on wallclock time (absolute time). You can tell a periodic watcher
481	to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a	603	to trigger "at" some specific point in time. For example, if you tell a
482	periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. c<ev_now ()	604	periodic watcher to trigger in 10 seconds (by specifiying e.g. c<ev_now ()
483	+ 10.>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will	605	+ 10.>) and then reset your system clock to the last year, then it will
484	take a year to trigger the event (unlike an ev_timer, which would trigger	606	take a year to trigger the event (unlike an C<ev_timer>, which would trigger
485	roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time	607	roughly 10 seconds later and of course not if you reset your system time
486	again).	608	again).
487		609
488	They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as	610	They can also be used to implement vastly more complex timers, such as
489	triggering an event on eahc midnight, local time.	611	triggering an event on eahc midnight, local time.
490		612
		613	As with timers, the callback is guarenteed to be invoked only when the
		614	time (C<at>) has been passed, but if multiple periodic timers become ready
		615	during the same loop iteration then order of execution is undefined.
		616
491	=over 4	617	=over 4
492		618
493	=item ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)	619	=item ev_periodic_init (ev_periodic *, callback, ev_tstamp at, ev_tstamp interval, reschedule_cb)
494		620
495	=item ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)	621	=item ev_periodic_set (ev_periodic *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat, reschedule_cb)
496		622
497	Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of	623	Lots of arguments, lets sort it out... There are basically three modes of
498	operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:	624	operation, and we will explain them from simplest to complex:
499
500		625
501	=over 4	626	=over 4
502		627
503	=item * absolute timer (interval = reschedule_cb = 0)	628	=item * absolute timer (interval = reschedule_cb = 0)
504		629
…		…
518		643
519	ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0);	644	ev_periodic_set (&periodic, 0., 3600., 0);
520		645
521	This doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between triggers,	646	This doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between triggers,
522	but only that the the callback will be called when the system time shows a	647	but only that the the callback will be called when the system time shows a
523	full hour (UTC), or more correct, when the system time is evenly divisible	648	full hour (UTC), or more correctly, when the system time is evenly divisible
524	by 3600.	649	by 3600.
525		650
526	Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that	651	Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that
527	ev_periodic will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible	652	C<ev_periodic> will try to run the callback in this mode at the next possible
528	time where C<time = at (mod interval)>, regardless of any time jumps.	653	time where C<time = at (mod interval)>, regardless of any time jumps.
529		654
530	=item * manual reschedule mode (reschedule_cb = callback)	655	=item * manual reschedule mode (reschedule_cb = callback)
531		656
532	In this mode the values for C<interval> and C<at> are both being	657	In this mode the values for C<interval> and C<at> are both being
533	ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the	658	ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the
534	reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the	659	reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the
535	current time as second argument.	660	current time as second argument.
536		661
537	NOTE: I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy the periodic or any other	662	NOTE: I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy any periodic watcher,
538	periodic watcher, ever, or make any event loop modificstions>. If you need	663	ever, or make any event loop modifications>. If you need to stop it,
539	to stop it, return 1e30 (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards.	664	return C<now + 1e30> (or so, fudge fudge) and stop it afterwards (e.g. by
		665	starting a prepare watcher).
540		666
541	Its prototype is c<ev_tstamp (reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic w,	667	Its prototype is C<ev_tstamp (reschedule_cb)(struct ev_periodic w,
542	ev_tstamp now)>, e.g.:	668	ev_tstamp now)>, e.g.:
543		669
544	static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now)	670	static ev_tstamp my_rescheduler (struct ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now)
545	{	671	{
546	return now + 60.;	672	return now + 60.;
…		…
549	It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value	675	It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value
550	(that is, the lowest time value larger than to the second argument). It	676	(that is, the lowest time value larger than to the second argument). It
551	will usually be called just before the callback will be triggered, but	677	will usually be called just before the callback will be triggered, but
552	might be called at other times, too.	678	might be called at other times, too.
553		679
		680	NOTE: I<< This callback must always return a time that is later than the
		681	passed C<now> value >>. Not even C<now> itself will do, it I<must> be larger.
		682
554	This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that	683	This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that
555	triggers on each midnight, local time. To do this, you would calculate the	684	triggers on each midnight, local time. To do this, you would calculate the
556	next midnight after C<now> and return the timestamp value for this. How you do this	685	next midnight after C<now> and return the timestamp value for this. How
557	is, again, up to you (but it is not trivial).	686	you do this is, again, up to you (but it is not trivial, which is the main
		687	reason I omitted it as an example).
558		688
559	=back	689	=back
560		690
561	=item ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)	691	=item ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)
562		692
…		…
565	a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like	695	a different time than the last time it was called (e.g. in a crond like
566	program when the crontabs have changed).	696	program when the crontabs have changed).
567		697
568	=back	698	=back
569		699
570	=head2 ev_signal - signal me when a signal gets signalled	700	=head2 C<ev_signal> - signal me when a signal gets signalled
571		701
572	Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific	702	Signal watchers will trigger an event when the process receives a specific
573	signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev	703	signal one or more times. Even though signals are very asynchronous, libev
574	will try its best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the	704	will try it's best to deliver signals synchronously, i.e. as part of the
575	normal event processing, like any other event.	705	normal event processing, like any other event.
576		706
577	You cna configure as many watchers as you like per signal. Only when the	707	You can configure as many watchers as you like per signal. Only when the
578	first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher	708	first watcher gets started will libev actually register a signal watcher
579	with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long	709	with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long
580	as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal	710	as you don't register any with libev). Similarly, when the last signal
581	watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to	711	watcher for a signal is stopped libev will reset the signal handler to
582	SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).	712	SIG_DFL (regardless of what it was set to before).
…		…
590	Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one	720	Configures the watcher to trigger on the given signal number (usually one
591	of the C<SIGxxx> constants).	721	of the C<SIGxxx> constants).
592		722
593	=back	723	=back
594		724
595	=head2 ev_child - wait for pid status changes	725	=head2 C<ev_child> - wait for pid status changes
596		726
597	Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to	727	Child watchers trigger when your process receives a SIGCHLD in response to
598	some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).	728	some child status changes (most typically when a child of yours dies).
599		729
600	=over 4	730	=over 4
…		…
604	=item ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)	734	=item ev_child_set (ev_child *, int pid)
605		735
606	Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process C<pid> (or	736	Configures the watcher to wait for status changes of process C<pid> (or
607	I<any> process if C<pid> is specified as C<0>). The callback can look	737	I<any> process if C<pid> is specified as C<0>). The callback can look
608	at the C<rstatus> member of the C<ev_child> watcher structure to see	738	at the C<rstatus> member of the C<ev_child> watcher structure to see
609	the status word (use the macros from C<sys/wait.h>). The C<rpid> member	739	the status word (use the macros from C<sys/wait.h> and see your systems
610	contains the pid of the process causing the status change.	740	C<waitpid> documentation). The C<rpid> member contains the pid of the
		741	process causing the status change.
611		742
612	=back	743	=back
613		744
614	=head2 ev_idle - when you've got nothing better to do	745	=head2 C<ev_idle> - when you've got nothing better to do
615		746
616	Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other I/O or timer (or	747	Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending
617	periodic) events pending. That is, as long as your process is busy	748	(prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long
618	handling sockets or timeouts it will not be called. But when your process	749	as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals,
619	is idle all idle watchers are being called again and again - until	750	imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle
		751	watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration -
620	stopped, that is, or your process receives more events.	752	until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events and becomes
		753	busy.
621		754
622	The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are	755	The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are
623	active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.	756	active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.
624		757
625	Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful	758	Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful
…		…
635	kind. There is a C<ev_idle_set> macro, but using it is utterly pointless,	768	kind. There is a C<ev_idle_set> macro, but using it is utterly pointless,
636	believe me.	769	believe me.
637		770
638	=back	771	=back
639		772
640	=head2 prepare and check - your hooks into the event loop	773	=head2 C<ev_prepare> and C<ev_check> - customise your event loop
641		774
642	Prepare and check watchers usually (but not always) are used in	775	Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in tandem:
643	tandom. Prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check	776	prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers
644	watchers afterwards.	777	afterwards.
645		778
646	Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev. This	779	Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev. This
647	could be used, for example, to track variable changes, implement your own	780	could be used, for example, to track variable changes, implement your own
648	watchers, integrate net-snmp or a coroutine library and lots more.	781	watchers, integrate net-snmp or a coroutine library and lots more.
649		782
650	This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need	783	This is done by examining in each prepare call which file descriptors need
651	to be watched by the other library, registering ev_io watchers for them	784	to be watched by the other library, registering C<ev_io> watchers for
652	and starting an ev_timer watcher for any timeouts (many libraries provide	785	them and starting an C<ev_timer> watcher for any timeouts (many libraries
653	just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for any	786	provide just this functionality). Then, in the check watcher you check for
654	events that occured (by making your callbacks set soem flags for example)	787	any events that occured (by checking the pending status of all watchers
655	and call back into the library.	788	and stopping them) and call back into the library. The I/O and timer
		789	callbacks will never actually be called (but must be valid nevertheless,
		790	because you never know, you know?).
656		791
657	As another example, the perl Coro module uses these hooks to integrate	792	As another example, the Perl Coro module uses these hooks to integrate
658	coroutines into libev programs, by yielding to other active coroutines	793	coroutines into libev programs, by yielding to other active coroutines
659	during each prepare and only letting the process block if no coroutines	794	during each prepare and only letting the process block if no coroutines
660	are ready to run.	795	are ready to run (it's actually more complicated: it only runs coroutines
		796	with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine
		797	of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event
		798	loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping
		799	low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks).
661		800
662	=over 4	801	=over 4
663		802
664	=item ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)	803	=item ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)
665		804
666	=item ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)	805	=item ev_check_init (ev_check *, callback)
667		806
668	Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no	807	Initialises and configures the prepare or check watcher - they have no
669	parameters of any kind. There are C<ev_prepare_set> and C<ev_check_set>	808	parameters of any kind. There are C<ev_prepare_set> and C<ev_check_set>
670	macros, but using them is utterly, utterly pointless.	809	macros, but using them is utterly, utterly and completely pointless.
671		810
672	=back	811	=back
673		812
674	=head1 OTHER FUNCTIONS	813	=head1 OTHER FUNCTIONS
675		814
676	There are some other fucntions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.	815	There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now.
677		816
678	=over 4	817	=over 4
679		818
680	=item ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)	819	=item ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)
681		820
682	This function combines a simple timer and an I/O watcher, calls your	821	This function combines a simple timer and an I/O watcher, calls your
683	callback on whichever event happens first and automatically stop both	822	callback on whichever event happens first and automatically stop both
684	watchers. This is useful if you want to wait for a single event on an fd	823	watchers. This is useful if you want to wait for a single event on an fd
685	or timeout without havign to allocate/configure/start/stop/free one or	824	or timeout without having to allocate/configure/start/stop/free one or
686	more watchers yourself.	825	more watchers yourself.
687		826
688	If C<fd> is less than 0, then no I/O watcher will be started and events is	827	If C<fd> is less than 0, then no I/O watcher will be started and events
689	ignored. Otherwise, an ev_io watcher for the given C<fd> and C<events> set	828	is being ignored. Otherwise, an C<ev_io> watcher for the given C<fd> and
690	will be craeted and started.	829	C<events> set will be craeted and started.
691		830
692	If C<timeout> is less than 0, then no timeout watcher will be	831	If C<timeout> is less than 0, then no timeout watcher will be
693	started. Otherwise an ev_timer watcher with after = C<timeout> (and repeat	832	started. Otherwise an C<ev_timer> watcher with after = C<timeout> (and
694	= 0) will be started.	833	repeat = 0) will be started. While C<0> is a valid timeout, it is of
		834	dubious value.
695		835
696	The callback has the type C<void (cb)(int revents, void arg)> and	836	The callback has the type C<void (cb)(int revents, void arg)> and gets
697	gets passed an events set (normally a combination of EV_ERROR, EV_READ,	837	passed an C<revents> set like normal event callbacks (a combination of
698	EV_WRITE or EV_TIMEOUT) and the C<arg> value passed to C<ev_once>:	838	C<EV_ERROR>, C<EV_READ>, C<EV_WRITE> or C<EV_TIMEOUT>) and the C<arg>
		839	value passed to C<ev_once>:
699		840
700	static void stdin_ready (int revents, void *arg)	841	static void stdin_ready (int revents, void *arg)
701	{	842	{
702	if (revents & EV_TIMEOUT)	843	if (revents & EV_TIMEOUT)
703	/* doh, nothing entered */	844	/* doh, nothing entered */;
704	else if (revents & EV_READ)	845	else if (revents & EV_READ)
705	/* stdin might have data for us, joy! */	846	/* stdin might have data for us, joy! */;
706	}	847	}
707		848
708	ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READm 10., stdin_ready, 0);	849	ev_once (STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ, 10., stdin_ready, 0);
709		850
710	=item ev_feed_event (loop, watcher, int events)	851	=item ev_feed_event (loop, watcher, int events)
711		852
712	Feeds the given event set into the event loop, as if the specified event	853	Feeds the given event set into the event loop, as if the specified event
713	has happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an	854	had happened for the specified watcher (which must be a pointer to an
714	initialised but not necessarily active event watcher).	855	initialised but not necessarily started event watcher).
715		856
716	=item ev_feed_fd_event (loop, int fd, int revents)	857	=item ev_feed_fd_event (loop, int fd, int revents)
717		858
718	Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected it.	859	Feed an event on the given fd, as if a file descriptor backend detected
		860	the given events it.
719		861
720	=item ev_feed_signal_event (loop, int signum)	862	=item ev_feed_signal_event (loop, int signum)
721		863
722	Feed an event as if the given signal occured (loop must be the default loop!).	864	Feed an event as if the given signal occured (loop must be the default loop!).
723		865
724	=back	866	=back
725		867
		868	=head1 LIBEVENT EMULATION
		869
		870	Libev offers a compatibility emulation layer for libevent. It cannot
		871	emulate the internals of libevent, so here are some usage hints:
		872
		873	=over 4
		874
		875	=item * Use it by including <event.h>, as usual.
		876
		877	=item * The following members are fully supported: ev_base, ev_callback,
		878	ev_arg, ev_fd, ev_res, ev_events.
		879
		880	=item * Avoid using ev_flags and the EVLIST_*-macros, while it is
		881	maintained by libev, it does not work exactly the same way as in libevent (consider
		882	it a private API).
		883
		884	=item * Priorities are not currently supported. Initialising priorities
		885	will fail and all watchers will have the same priority, even though there
		886	is an ev_pri field.
		887
		888	=item * Other members are not supported.
		889
		890	=item * The libev emulation is I<not> ABI compatible to libevent, you need
		891	to use the libev header file and library.
		892
		893	=back
		894
		895	=head1 C++ SUPPORT
		896
		897	TBD.
		898
726	=head1 AUTHOR	899	=head1 AUTHOR
727		900
728	Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.	901	Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>.
729		902

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Comparing libev/ev.pod (file contents): Revision 1.6 by root, Mon Nov 12 08:12:14 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.31 by root, Fri Nov 23 05:00:45 2007 UTC

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Revision 1.6 by root, Mon Nov 12 08:12:14 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.31 by root, Fri Nov 23 05:00:45 2007 UTC