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Revision 1.316 by root, Fri Oct 22 09:34:01 2010 UTC vs.
Revision 1.333 by root, Mon Oct 25 09:31:47 2010 UTC

43 43
44 int 44 int
45 main (void) 45 main (void)
46 { 46 {
47 // use the default event loop unless you have special needs 47 // use the default event loop unless you have special needs
48 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop (0); 48 struct ev_loop *loop = EV_DEFAULT;
49 49
50 // initialise an io watcher, then start it 50 // initialise an io watcher, then start it
51 // this one will watch for stdin to become readable 51 // this one will watch for stdin to become readable
52 ev_io_init (&stdin_watcher, stdin_cb, /*STDIN_FILENO*/ 0, EV_READ); 52 ev_io_init (&stdin_watcher, stdin_cb, /*STDIN_FILENO*/ 0, EV_READ);
53 ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_watcher); 53 ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_watcher);
124this argument. 124this argument.
125 125
126=head2 TIME REPRESENTATION 126=head2 TIME REPRESENTATION
127 127
128Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing 128Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing
129the (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (in practise 129the (fractional) number of seconds since the (POSIX) epoch (in practice
130somewhere near the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't 130somewhere near the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't
131ask). This type is called C<ev_tstamp>, which is what you should use 131ask). This type is called C<ev_tstamp>, which is what you should use
132too. It usually aliases to the C<double> type in C. When you need to do 132too. It usually aliases to the C<double> type in C. When you need to do
133any calculations on it, you should treat it as some floating point value. 133any calculations on it, you should treat it as some floating point value.
134 134
165 165
166=item ev_tstamp ev_time () 166=item ev_tstamp ev_time ()
167 167
168Returns the current time as libev would use it. Please note that the 168Returns the current time as libev would use it. Please note that the
169C<ev_now> function is usually faster and also often returns the timestamp 169C<ev_now> function is usually faster and also often returns the timestamp
170you actually want to know. 170you actually want to know. Also interesting is the combination of
171C<ev_update_now> and C<ev_now>.
171 172
172=item ev_sleep (ev_tstamp interval) 173=item ev_sleep (ev_tstamp interval)
173 174
174Sleep for the given interval: The current thread will be blocked until 175Sleep for the given interval: The current thread will be blocked until
175either it is interrupted or the given time interval has passed. Basically 176either it is interrupted or the given time interval has passed. Basically
192as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually 193as this indicates an incompatible change. Minor versions are usually
193compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually 194compatible to older versions, so a larger minor version alone is usually
194not a problem. 195not a problem.
195 196
196Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong 197Example: Make sure we haven't accidentally been linked against the wrong
197version (note, however, that this will not detect ABI mismatches :). 198version (note, however, that this will not detect other ABI mismatches,
199such as LFS or reentrancy).
198 200
199 assert (("libev version mismatch", 201 assert (("libev version mismatch",
200 ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR 202 ev_version_major () == EV_VERSION_MAJOR
201 && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR)); 203 && ev_version_minor () >= EV_VERSION_MINOR));
202 204
213 assert (("sorry, no epoll, no sex", 215 assert (("sorry, no epoll, no sex",
214 ev_supported_backends () & EVBACKEND_EPOLL)); 216 ev_supported_backends () & EVBACKEND_EPOLL));
215 217
216=item unsigned int ev_recommended_backends () 218=item unsigned int ev_recommended_backends ()
217 219
218Return the set of all backends compiled into this binary of libev and also 220Return the set of all backends compiled into this binary of libev and
219recommended for this platform. This set is often smaller than the one 221also recommended for this platform, meaning it will work for most file
222descriptor types. This set is often smaller than the one returned by
220returned by C<ev_supported_backends>, as for example kqueue is broken on 223C<ev_supported_backends>, as for example kqueue is broken on most BSDs
221most BSDs and will not be auto-detected unless you explicitly request it 224and will not be auto-detected unless you explicitly request it (assuming
222(assuming you know what you are doing). This is the set of backends that 225you know what you are doing). This is the set of backends that libev will
223libev will probe for if you specify no backends explicitly. 226probe for if you specify no backends explicitly.
224 227
225=item unsigned int ev_embeddable_backends () 228=item unsigned int ev_embeddable_backends ()
226 229
227Returns the set of backends that are embeddable in other event loops. This 230Returns the set of backends that are embeddable in other event loops. This
228is the theoretical, all-platform, value. To find which backends 231value is platform-specific but can include backends not available on the
229might be supported on the current system, you would need to look at 232current system. To find which embeddable backends might be supported on
230C<ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()>, likewise for 233the current system, you would need to look at C<ev_embeddable_backends ()
231recommended ones. 234& ev_supported_backends ()>, likewise for recommended ones.
232 235
233See the description of C<ev_embed> watchers for more info. 236See the description of C<ev_embed> watchers for more info.
234 237
235=item ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size)) [NOT REENTRANT] 238=item ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size)) [NOT REENTRANT]
236 239
290 ... 293 ...
291 ev_set_syserr_cb (fatal_error); 294 ev_set_syserr_cb (fatal_error);
292 295
293=back 296=back
294 297
295=head1 FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING THE EVENT LOOP 298=head1 FUNCTIONS CONTROLLING EVENT LOOPS
296 299
297An event loop is described by a C<struct ev_loop *> (the C<struct> is 300An event loop is described by a C<struct ev_loop *> (the C<struct> is
298I<not> optional in this case unless libev 3 compatibility is disabled, as 301I<not> optional in this case unless libev 3 compatibility is disabled, as
299libev 3 had an C<ev_loop> function colliding with the struct name). 302libev 3 had an C<ev_loop> function colliding with the struct name).
300 303
301The library knows two types of such loops, the I<default> loop, which 304The library knows two types of such loops, the I<default> loop, which
302supports signals and child events, and dynamically created event loops 305supports child process events, and dynamically created event loops which
303which do not. 306do not.
304 307
305=over 4 308=over 4
306 309
307=item struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags) 310=item struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)
308 311
309This will initialise the default event loop if it hasn't been initialised 312This returns the "default" event loop object, which is what you should
310yet and return it. If the default loop could not be initialised, returns 313normally use when you just need "the event loop". Event loop objects and
311false. If it already was initialised it simply returns it (and ignores the 314the C<flags> parameter are described in more detail in the entry for
312flags. If that is troubling you, check C<ev_backend ()> afterwards). 315C<ev_loop_new>.
316
317If the default loop is already initialised then this function simply
318returns it (and ignores the flags. If that is troubling you, check
319C<ev_backend ()> afterwards). Otherwise it will create it with the given
320flags, which should almost always be C<0>, unless the caller is also the
321one calling C<ev_run> or otherwise qualifies as "the main program".
313 322
314If you don't know what event loop to use, use the one returned from this 323If you don't know what event loop to use, use the one returned from this
315function. 324function (or via the C<EV_DEFAULT> macro).
316 325
317Note that this function is I<not> thread-safe, so if you want to use it 326Note that this function is I<not> thread-safe, so if you want to use it
318from multiple threads, you have to lock (note also that this is unlikely, 327from multiple threads, you have to employ some kind of mutex (note also
319as loops cannot be shared easily between threads anyway). 328that this case is unlikely, as loops cannot be shared easily between
329threads anyway).
320 330
321The default loop is the only loop that can handle C<ev_signal> and 331The default loop is the only loop that can handle C<ev_child> watchers,
322C<ev_child> watchers, and to do this, it always registers a handler 332and to do this, it always registers a handler for C<SIGCHLD>. If this is
323for C<SIGCHLD>. If this is a problem for your application you can either 333a problem for your application you can either create a dynamic loop with
324create a dynamic loop with C<ev_loop_new> that doesn't do that, or you 334C<ev_loop_new> which doesn't do that, or you can simply overwrite the
325can simply overwrite the C<SIGCHLD> signal handler I<after> calling 335C<SIGCHLD> signal handler I<after> calling C<ev_default_init>.
326C<ev_default_init>. 336
337Example: This is the most typical usage.
338
339 if (!ev_default_loop (0))
340 fatal ("could not initialise libev, bad $LIBEV_FLAGS in environment?");
341
342Example: Restrict libev to the select and poll backends, and do not allow
343environment settings to be taken into account:
344
345 ev_default_loop (EVBACKEND_POLL | EVBACKEND_SELECT | EVFLAG_NOENV);
346
347=item struct ev_loop *ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
348
349This will create and initialise a new event loop object. If the loop
350could not be initialised, returns false.
351
352Note that this function I<is> thread-safe, and one common way to use
353libev with threads is indeed to create one loop per thread, and using the
354default loop in the "main" or "initial" thread.
327 355
328The flags argument can be used to specify special behaviour or specific 356The flags argument can be used to specify special behaviour or specific
329backends to use, and is usually specified as C<0> (or C<EVFLAG_AUTO>). 357backends to use, and is usually specified as C<0> (or C<EVFLAG_AUTO>).
330 358
331The following flags are supported: 359The following flags are supported:
549If one or more of the backend flags are or'ed into the flags value, 577If one or more of the backend flags are or'ed into the flags value,
550then only these backends will be tried (in the reverse order as listed 578then only these backends will be tried (in the reverse order as listed
551here). If none are specified, all backends in C<ev_recommended_backends 579here). If none are specified, all backends in C<ev_recommended_backends
552()> will be tried. 580()> will be tried.
553 581
554Example: This is the most typical usage.
555
556 if (!ev_default_loop (0))
557 fatal ("could not initialise libev, bad $LIBEV_FLAGS in environment?");
558
559Example: Restrict libev to the select and poll backends, and do not allow
560environment settings to be taken into account:
561
562 ev_default_loop (EVBACKEND_POLL | EVBACKEND_SELECT | EVFLAG_NOENV);
563
564Example: Use whatever libev has to offer, but make sure that kqueue is
565used if available (warning, breaks stuff, best use only with your own
566private event loop and only if you know the OS supports your types of
567fds):
568
569 ev_default_loop (ev_recommended_backends () | EVBACKEND_KQUEUE);
570
571=item struct ev_loop *ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
572
573Similar to C<ev_default_loop>, but always creates a new event loop that is
574always distinct from the default loop.
575
576Note that this function I<is> thread-safe, and one common way to use
577libev with threads is indeed to create one loop per thread, and using the
578default loop in the "main" or "initial" thread.
579
580Example: Try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else. 582Example: Try to create a event loop that uses epoll and nothing else.
581 583
582 struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV); 584 struct ev_loop *epoller = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVFLAG_NOENV);
583 if (!epoller) 585 if (!epoller)
584 fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair"); 586 fatal ("no epoll found here, maybe it hides under your chair");
585 587
588Example: Use whatever libev has to offer, but make sure that kqueue is
589used if available.
590
591 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_loop_new (ev_recommended_backends () | EVBACKEND_KQUEUE);
592
586=item ev_default_destroy () 593=item ev_loop_destroy (loop)
587 594
588Destroys the default loop (frees all memory and kernel state etc.). None 595Destroys an event loop object (frees all memory and kernel state
589of the active event watchers will be stopped in the normal sense, so 596etc.). None of the active event watchers will be stopped in the normal
590e.g. C<ev_is_active> might still return true. It is your responsibility to 597sense, so e.g. C<ev_is_active> might still return true. It is your
591either stop all watchers cleanly yourself I<before> calling this function, 598responsibility to either stop all watchers cleanly yourself I<before>
592or cope with the fact afterwards (which is usually the easiest thing, you 599calling this function, or cope with the fact afterwards (which is usually
593can just ignore the watchers and/or C<free ()> them for example). 600the easiest thing, you can just ignore the watchers and/or C<free ()> them
601for example).
594 602
595Note that certain global state, such as signal state (and installed signal 603Note that certain global state, such as signal state (and installed signal
596handlers), will not be freed by this function, and related watchers (such 604handlers), will not be freed by this function, and related watchers (such
597as signal and child watchers) would need to be stopped manually. 605as signal and child watchers) would need to be stopped manually.
598 606
599In general it is not advisable to call this function except in the 607This function is normally used on loop objects allocated by
600rare occasion where you really need to free e.g. the signal handling 608C<ev_loop_new>, but it can also be used on the default loop returned by
609C<ev_default_loop>, in which case it is not thread-safe.
610
611Note that it is not advisable to call this function on the default loop
612except in the rare occasion where you really need to free it's resources.
601pipe fds. If you need dynamically allocated loops it is better to use 613If you need dynamically allocated loops it is better to use C<ev_loop_new>
602C<ev_loop_new> and C<ev_loop_destroy>. 614and C<ev_loop_destroy>.
603 615
604=item ev_loop_destroy (loop) 616=item ev_loop_fork (loop)
605 617
606Like C<ev_default_destroy>, but destroys an event loop created by an
607earlier call to C<ev_loop_new>.
608
609=item ev_default_fork ()
610
611This function sets a flag that causes subsequent C<ev_run> iterations 618This function sets a flag that causes subsequent C<ev_run> iterations to
612to reinitialise the kernel state for backends that have one. Despite the 619reinitialise the kernel state for backends that have one. Despite the
613name, you can call it anytime, but it makes most sense after forking, in 620name, you can call it anytime, but it makes most sense after forking, in
614the child process (or both child and parent, but that again makes little 621the child process. You I<must> call it (or use C<EVFLAG_FORKCHECK>) in the
615sense). You I<must> call it in the child before using any of the libev 622child before resuming or calling C<ev_run>.
616functions, and it will only take effect at the next C<ev_run> iteration.
617 623
618Again, you I<have> to call it on I<any> loop that you want to re-use after 624Again, you I<have> to call it on I<any> loop that you want to re-use after
619a fork, I<even if you do not plan to use the loop in the parent>. This is 625a fork, I<even if you do not plan to use the loop in the parent>. This is
620because some kernel interfaces *cough* I<kqueue> *cough* do funny things 626because some kernel interfaces *cough* I<kqueue> *cough* do funny things
621during fork. 627during fork.
626call it at all (in fact, C<epoll> is so badly broken that it makes a 632call it at all (in fact, C<epoll> is so badly broken that it makes a
627difference, but libev will usually detect this case on its own and do a 633difference, but libev will usually detect this case on its own and do a
628costly reset of the backend). 634costly reset of the backend).
629 635
630The function itself is quite fast and it's usually not a problem to call 636The function itself is quite fast and it's usually not a problem to call
631it just in case after a fork. To make this easy, the function will fit in 637it just in case after a fork.
632quite nicely into a call to C<pthread_atfork>:
633 638
639Example: Automate calling C<ev_loop_fork> on the default loop when
640using pthreads.
641
642 static void
643 post_fork_child (void)
644 {
645 ev_loop_fork (EV_DEFAULT);
646 }
647
648 ...
634 pthread_atfork (0, 0, ev_default_fork); 649 pthread_atfork (0, 0, post_fork_child);
635
636=item ev_loop_fork (loop)
637
638Like C<ev_default_fork>, but acts on an event loop created by
639C<ev_loop_new>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop
640after fork that you want to re-use in the child, and how you keep track of
641them is entirely your own problem.
642 650
643=item int ev_is_default_loop (loop) 651=item int ev_is_default_loop (loop)
644 652
645Returns true when the given loop is, in fact, the default loop, and false 653Returns true when the given loop is, in fact, the default loop, and false
646otherwise. 654otherwise.
1104=item C<EV_FORK> 1112=item C<EV_FORK>
1105 1113
1106The event loop has been resumed in the child process after fork (see 1114The event loop has been resumed in the child process after fork (see
1107C<ev_fork>). 1115C<ev_fork>).
1108 1116
1117=item C<EV_CLEANUP>
1118
1119The event loop is about to be destroyed (see C<ev_cleanup>).
1120
1109=item C<EV_ASYNC> 1121=item C<EV_ASYNC>
1110 1122
1111The given async watcher has been asynchronously notified (see C<ev_async>). 1123The given async watcher has been asynchronously notified (see C<ev_async>).
1112 1124
1113=item C<EV_CUSTOM> 1125=item C<EV_CUSTOM>
3072disadvantage of having to use multiple event loops (which do not support 3084disadvantage of having to use multiple event loops (which do not support
3073signal watchers). 3085signal watchers).
3074 3086
3075When this is not possible, or you want to use the default loop for 3087When this is not possible, or you want to use the default loop for
3076other reasons, then in the process that wants to start "fresh", call 3088other reasons, then in the process that wants to start "fresh", call
3077C<ev_default_destroy ()> followed by C<ev_default_loop (...)>. Destroying 3089C<ev_loop_destroy (EV_DEFAULT)> followed by C<ev_default_loop (...)>.
3078the default loop will "orphan" (not stop) all registered watchers, so you 3090Destroying the default loop will "orphan" (not stop) all registered
3079have to be careful not to execute code that modifies those watchers. Note 3091watchers, so you have to be careful not to execute code that modifies
3080also that in that case, you have to re-register any signal watchers. 3092those watchers. Note also that in that case, you have to re-register any
3093signal watchers.
3081 3094
3082=head3 Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members 3095=head3 Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members
3083 3096
3084=over 4 3097=over 4
3085 3098
3086=item ev_fork_init (ev_signal *, callback) 3099=item ev_fork_init (ev_fork *, callback)
3087 3100
3088Initialises and configures the fork watcher - it has no parameters of any 3101Initialises and configures the fork watcher - it has no parameters of any
3089kind. There is a C<ev_fork_set> macro, but using it is utterly pointless, 3102kind. There is a C<ev_fork_set> macro, but using it is utterly pointless,
3090believe me. 3103really.
3091 3104
3092=back 3105=back
3106
3107
3108=head2 C<ev_cleanup> - even the best things end
3109
3110Cleanup watchers are called just before the event loop is being destroyed
3111by a call to C<ev_loop_destroy>.
3112
3113While there is no guarantee that the event loop gets destroyed, cleanup
3114watchers provide a convenient method to install cleanup hooks for your
3115program, worker threads and so on - you just to make sure to destroy the
3116loop when you want them to be invoked.
3117
3118Cleanup watchers are invoked in the same way as any other watcher. Unlike
3119all other watchers, they do not keep a reference to the event loop (which
3120makes a lot of sense if you think about it). Like all other watchers, you
3121can call libev functions in the callback, except C<ev_cleanup_start>.
3122
3123=head3 Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members
3124
3125=over 4
3126
3127=item ev_cleanup_init (ev_cleanup *, callback)
3128
3129Initialises and configures the cleanup watcher - it has no parameters of
3130any kind. There is a C<ev_cleanup_set> macro, but using it is utterly
3131pointless, I assure you.
3132
3133=back
3134
3135Example: Register an atexit handler to destroy the default loop, so any
3136cleanup functions are called.
3137
3138 static void
3139 program_exits (void)
3140 {
3141 ev_loop_destroy (EV_DEFAULT_UC);
3142 }
3143
3144 ...
3145 atexit (program_exits);
3093 3146
3094 3147
3095=head2 C<ev_async> - how to wake up an event loop 3148=head2 C<ev_async> - how to wake up an event loop
3096 3149
3097In general, you cannot use an C<ev_run> from multiple threads or other 3150In general, you cannot use an C<ev_run> from multiple threads or other
4704structure (guaranteed by POSIX but not by ISO C for example), but it also 4757structure (guaranteed by POSIX but not by ISO C for example), but it also
4705assumes that the same (machine) code can be used to call any watcher 4758assumes that the same (machine) code can be used to call any watcher
4706callback: The watcher callbacks have different type signatures, but libev 4759callback: The watcher callbacks have different type signatures, but libev
4707calls them using an C<ev_watcher *> internally. 4760calls them using an C<ev_watcher *> internally.
4708 4761
4762=item pointer accesses must be thread-atomic
4763
4764Accessing a pointer value must be atomic, it must both be readable and
4765writable in one piece - this is the case on all current architectures.
4766
4709=item C<sig_atomic_t volatile> must be thread-atomic as well 4767=item C<sig_atomic_t volatile> must be thread-atomic as well
4710 4768
4711The type C<sig_atomic_t volatile> (or whatever is defined as 4769The type C<sig_atomic_t volatile> (or whatever is defined as
4712C<EV_ATOMIC_T>) must be atomic with respect to accesses from different 4770C<EV_ATOMIC_T>) must be atomic with respect to accesses from different
4713threads. This is not part of the specification for C<sig_atomic_t>, but is 4771threads. This is not part of the specification for C<sig_atomic_t>, but is
4819=back 4877=back
4820 4878
4821 4879
4822=head1 PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X 4880=head1 PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X
4823 4881
4824The major version 4 introduced some minor incompatible changes to the API. 4882The major version 4 introduced some incompatible changes to the API.
4825 4883
4826At the moment, the C<ev.h> header file tries to implement superficial 4884At the moment, the C<ev.h> header file provides compatibility definitions
4827compatibility, so most programs should still compile. Those might be 4885for all changes, so most programs should still compile. The compatibility
4828removed in later versions of libev, so better update early than late. 4886layer might be removed in later versions of libev, so better update to the
4887new API early than late.
4829 4888
4830=over 4 4889=over 4
4890
4891=item C<EV_COMPAT3> backwards compatibility mechanism
4892
4893The backward compatibility mechanism can be controlled by
4894C<EV_COMPAT3>. See L<PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS> in the L<EMBEDDING>
4895section.
4896
4897=item C<ev_default_destroy> and C<ev_default_fork> have been removed
4898
4899These calls can be replaced easily by their C<ev_loop_xxx> counterparts:
4900
4901 ev_loop_destroy (EV_DEFAULT_UC);
4902 ev_loop_fork (EV_DEFAULT);
4831 4903
4832=item function/symbol renames 4904=item function/symbol renames
4833 4905
4834A number of functions and symbols have been renamed: 4906A number of functions and symbols have been renamed:
4835 4907
4854ev_loop> anymore and C<EV_TIMER> now follows the same naming scheme 4926ev_loop> anymore and C<EV_TIMER> now follows the same naming scheme
4855as all other watcher types. Note that C<ev_loop_fork> is still called 4927as all other watcher types. Note that C<ev_loop_fork> is still called
4856C<ev_loop_fork> because it would otherwise clash with the C<ev_fork> 4928C<ev_loop_fork> because it would otherwise clash with the C<ev_fork>
4857typedef. 4929typedef.
4858 4930
4859=item C<EV_COMPAT3> backwards compatibility mechanism
4860
4861The backward compatibility mechanism can be controlled by
4862C<EV_COMPAT3>. See L<PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS> in the L<EMBEDDING>
4863section.
4864
4865=item C<EV_MINIMAL> mechanism replaced by C<EV_FEATURES> 4931=item C<EV_MINIMAL> mechanism replaced by C<EV_FEATURES>
4866 4932
4867The preprocessor symbol C<EV_MINIMAL> has been replaced by a different 4933The preprocessor symbol C<EV_MINIMAL> has been replaced by a different
4868mechanism, C<EV_FEATURES>. Programs using C<EV_MINIMAL> usually compile 4934mechanism, C<EV_FEATURES>. Programs using C<EV_MINIMAL> usually compile
4869and work, but the library code will of course be larger. 4935and work, but the library code will of course be larger.
4943 5009
4944=back 5010=back
4945 5011
4946=head1 AUTHOR 5012=head1 AUTHOR
4947 5013
4948Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>, with repeated corrections by Mikael Magnusson. 5014Marc Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>, with repeated corrections by Mikael
5015Magnusson and Emanuele Giaquinta.
4949 5016

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