[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/libev/ev.pod

Comparing libev/ev.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 11:31:34 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.73 by root, Sat Dec 8 03:53:36 2007 UTC

…		…
47		47
48	return 0;	48	return 0;
49	}	49	}
50		50
51	=head1 DESCRIPTION	51	=head1 DESCRIPTION
		52
		53	The newest version of this document is also available as a html-formatted
		54	web page you might find easier to navigate when reading it for the first
		55	time: L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>.
52		56
53	Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a	57	Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a
54	file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage	58	file descriptor being readable or a timeout occuring), and it will manage
55	these event sources and provide your program with events.	59	these event sources and provide your program with events.
56		60
…		…
163	C<ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()>, likewise for	167	C<ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_supported_backends ()>, likewise for
164	recommended ones.	168	recommended ones.
165		169
166	See the description of C<ev_embed> watchers for more info.	170	See the description of C<ev_embed> watchers for more info.
167		171
168	=item ev_set_allocator (void (cb)(void *ptr, size_t size))	172	=item ev_set_allocator (void (cb)(void *ptr, long size))
169		173
170	Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype and semantics are	174	Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar - the
171	identical to the realloc C function). It is used to allocate and free	175	semantics is identical - to the realloc C function). It is used to
172	memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when memory needs to be	176	allocate and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero when
173	allocated, the library might abort or take some potentially destructive	177	memory needs to be allocated, the library might abort or take some
174	action. The default is your system realloc function.	178	potentially destructive action. The default is your system realloc
		179	function.
175		180
176	You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say,	181	You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say,
177	free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator,	182	free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator,
178	or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.	183	or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available.
179		184
…		…
265	C<LIBEV_FLAGS>. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will	270	C<LIBEV_FLAGS>. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will
266	override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is	271	override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is
267	useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work	272	useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work
268	around bugs.	273	around bugs.
269		274
		275	=item C<EVFLAG_FORKCHECK>
		276
		277	Instead of calling C<ev_default_fork> or C<ev_loop_fork> manually after
		278	a fork, you can also make libev check for a fork in each iteration by
		279	enabling this flag.
		280
		281	This works by calling C<getpid ()> on every iteration of the loop,
		282	and thus this might slow down your event loop if you do a lot of loop
		283	iterations and little real work, but is usually not noticeable (on my
		284	Linux system for example, C<getpid> is actually a simple 5-insn sequence
		285	without a syscall and thus I<very> fast, but my Linux system also has
		286	C<pthread_atfork> which is even faster).
		287
		288	The big advantage of this flag is that you can forget about fork (and
		289	forget about forgetting to tell libev about forking) when you use this
		290	flag.
		291
		292	This flag setting cannot be overriden or specified in the C<LIBEV_FLAGS>
		293	environment variable.
		294
270	=item C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> (value 1, portable select backend)	295	=item C<EVBACKEND_SELECT> (value 1, portable select backend)
271		296
272	This is your standard select(2) backend. Not I<completely> standard, as	297	This is your standard select(2) backend. Not I<completely> standard, as
273	libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds,	298	libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds,
274	but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when	299	but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when
…		…
408	=item ev_loop_fork (loop)	433	=item ev_loop_fork (loop)
409		434
410	Like C<ev_default_fork>, but acts on an event loop created by	435	Like C<ev_default_fork>, but acts on an event loop created by
411	C<ev_loop_new>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop	436	C<ev_loop_new>. Yes, you have to call this on every allocated event loop
412	after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.	437	after fork, and how you do this is entirely your own problem.
		438
		439	=item unsigned int ev_loop_count (loop)
		440
		441	Returns the count of loop iterations for the loop, which is identical to
		442	the number of times libev did poll for new events. It starts at C<0> and
		443	happily wraps around with enough iterations.
		444
		445	This value can sometimes be useful as a generation counter of sorts (it
		446	"ticks" the number of loop iterations), as it roughly corresponds with
		447	C<ev_prepare> and C<ev_check> calls.
413		448
414	=item unsigned int ev_backend (loop)	449	=item unsigned int ev_backend (loop)
415		450
416	Returns one of the C<EVBACKEND_*> flags indicating the event backend in	451	Returns one of the C<EVBACKEND_*> flags indicating the event backend in
417	use.	452	use.
…		…
701	=item bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)	736	=item bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)
702		737
703	Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding	738	Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding
704	events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher	739	events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher
705	is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but	740	is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but
706	C<ev_TYPE_set> is safe) and you must make sure the watcher is available to	741	C<ev_TYPE_set> is safe), you must not change its priority, and you must
707	libev (e.g. you cnanot C<free ()> it).	742	make sure the watcher is available to libev (e.g. you cannot C<free ()>
		743	it).
708		744
709	=item callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)	745	=item callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)
710		746
711	Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.	747	Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.
712		748
713	=item ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)	749	=item ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)
714		750
715	Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time	751	Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time
716	(modulo threads).	752	(modulo threads).
		753
		754	=item ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, priority)
		755
		756	=item int ev_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher)
		757
		758	Set and query the priority of the watcher. The priority is a small
		759	integer between C<EV_MAXPRI> (default: C<2>) and C<EV_MINPRI>
		760	(default: C<-2>). Pending watchers with higher priority will be invoked
		761	before watchers with lower priority, but priority will not keep watchers
		762	from being executed (except for C<ev_idle> watchers).
		763
		764	This means that priorities are I<only> used for ordering callback
		765	invocation after new events have been received. This is useful, for
		766	example, to reduce latency after idling, or more often, to bind two
		767	watchers on the same event and make sure one is called first.
		768
		769	If you need to suppress invocation when higher priority events are pending
		770	you need to look at C<ev_idle> watchers, which provide this functionality.
		771
		772	You I<must not> change the priority of a watcher as long as it is active or
		773	pending.
		774
		775	The default priority used by watchers when no priority has been set is
		776	always C<0>, which is supposed to not be too high and not be too low :).
		777
		778	Setting a priority outside the range of C<EV_MINPRI> to C<EV_MAXPRI> is
		779	fine, as long as you do not mind that the priority value you query might
		780	or might not have been adjusted to be within valid range.
717		781
718	=back	782	=back
719		783
720		784
721	=head2 ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER	785	=head2 ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER
…		…
827	it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra C<read>(2) returning	891	it is best to always use non-blocking I/O: An extra C<read>(2) returning
828	C<EAGAIN> is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives.	892	C<EAGAIN> is far preferable to a program hanging until some data arrives.
829		893
830	If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not	894	If you cannot run the fd in non-blocking mode (for example you should not
831	play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test	895	play around with an Xlib connection), then you have to seperately re-test
832	wether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface	896	whether a file descriptor is really ready with a known-to-be good interface
833	such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on	897	such as poll (fortunately in our Xlib example, Xlib already does this on
834	its own, so its quite safe to use).	898	its own, so its quite safe to use).
835		899
836	=over 4	900	=over 4
837		901
…		…
915	=item ev_timer_again (loop)	979	=item ev_timer_again (loop)
916		980
917	This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is	981	This will act as if the timer timed out and restart it again if it is
918	repeating. The exact semantics are:	982	repeating. The exact semantics are:
919		983
		984	If the timer is pending, its pending status is cleared.
		985
920	If the timer is started but nonrepeating, stop it.	986	If the timer is started but nonrepeating, stop it (as if it timed out).
921		987
922	If the timer is repeating, either start it if necessary (with the repeat	988	If the timer is repeating, either start it if necessary (with the
923	value), or reset the running timer to the repeat value.	989	C<repeat> value), or reset the running timer to the C<repeat> value.
924		990
925	This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical	991	This sounds a bit complicated, but here is a useful and typical
926	example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called	992	example: Imagine you have a tcp connection and you want a so-called idle
927	idle timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been,	993	timeout, that is, you want to be called when there have been, say, 60
928	say, 60 seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do	994	seconds of inactivity on the socket. The easiest way to do this is to
929	this is to configure an C<ev_timer> with C<after>=C<repeat>=C<60> and calling	995	configure an C<ev_timer> with a C<repeat> value of C<60> and then call
930	C<ev_timer_again> each time you successfully read or write some data. If	996	C<ev_timer_again> each time you successfully read or write some data. If
931	you go into an idle state where you do not expect data to travel on the	997	you go into an idle state where you do not expect data to travel on the
932	socket, you can stop the timer, and again will automatically restart it if	998	socket, you can C<ev_timer_stop> the timer, and C<ev_timer_again> will
933	need be.	999	automatically restart it if need be.
934		1000
935	You can also ignore the C<after> value and C<ev_timer_start> altogether	1001	That means you can ignore the C<after> value and C<ev_timer_start>
936	and only ever use the C<repeat> value:	1002	altogether and only ever use the C<repeat> value and C<ev_timer_again>:
937		1003
938	ev_timer_init (timer, callback, 0., 5.);	1004	ev_timer_init (timer, callback, 0., 5.);
939	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);	1005	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);
940	...	1006	...
941	timer->again = 17.;	1007	timer->again = 17.;
942	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);	1008	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);
943	...	1009	...
944	timer->again = 10.;	1010	timer->again = 10.;
945	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);	1011	ev_timer_again (loop, timer);
946		1012
947	This is more efficient then stopping/starting the timer eahc time you want	1013	This is more slightly efficient then stopping/starting the timer each time
948	to modify its timeout value.	1014	you want to modify its timeout value.
949		1015
950	=item ev_tstamp repeat [read-write]	1016	=item ev_tstamp repeat [read-write]
951		1017
952	The current C<repeat> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out	1018	The current C<repeat> value. Will be used each time the watcher times out
953	or C<ev_timer_again> is called and determines the next timeout (if any),	1019	or C<ev_timer_again> is called and determines the next timeout (if any),
…		…
1221	The path does not need to exist: changing from "path exists" to "path does	1287	The path does not need to exist: changing from "path exists" to "path does
1222	not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does	1288	not exist" is a status change like any other. The condition "path does
1223	not exist" is signified by the C<st_nlink> field being zero (which is	1289	not exist" is signified by the C<st_nlink> field being zero (which is
1224	otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of	1290	otherwise always forced to be at least one) and all the other fields of
1225	the stat buffer having unspecified contents.	1291	the stat buffer having unspecified contents.
		1292
		1293	The path I<should> be absolute and I<must not> end in a slash. If it is
		1294	relative and your working directory changes, the behaviour is undefined.
1226		1295
1227	Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply	1296	Since there is no standard to do this, the portable implementation simply
1228	calls C<stat (2)> regularly on the path to see if it changed somehow. You	1297	calls C<stat (2)> regularly on the path to see if it changed somehow. You
1229	can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify	1298	can specify a recommended polling interval for this case. If you specify
1230	a polling interval of C<0> (highly recommended!) then a I<suitable,	1299	a polling interval of C<0> (highly recommended!) then a I<suitable,
…		…
1315	ev_stat_start (loop, &passwd);	1384	ev_stat_start (loop, &passwd);
1316		1385
1317		1386
1318	=head2 C<ev_idle> - when you've got nothing better to do...	1387	=head2 C<ev_idle> - when you've got nothing better to do...
1319		1388
1320	Idle watchers trigger events when there are no other events are pending	1389	Idle watchers trigger events when no other events of the same or higher
1321	(prepare, check and other idle watchers do not count). That is, as long	1390	priority are pending (prepare, check and other idle watchers do not
1322	as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts (or even signals,	1391	count).
1323	imagine) it will not be triggered. But when your process is idle all idle	1392
1324	watchers are being called again and again, once per event loop iteration -	1393	That is, as long as your process is busy handling sockets or timeouts
		1394	(or even signals, imagine) of the same or higher priority it will not be
		1395	triggered. But when your process is idle (or only lower-priority watchers
		1396	are pending), the idle watchers are being called once per event loop
1325	until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events and becomes	1397	iteration - until stopped, that is, or your process receives more events
1326	busy.	1398	and becomes busy again with higher priority stuff.
1327		1399
1328	The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are	1400	The most noteworthy effect is that as long as any idle watchers are
1329	active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.	1401	active, the process will not block when waiting for new events.
1330		1402
1331	Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful	1403	Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful
…		…
1431		1503
1432	// create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking	1504	// create io watchers for each fd and a timer before blocking
1433	static void	1505	static void
1434	adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop loop, ev_prepare w, int revents)	1506	adns_prepare_cb (ev_loop loop, ev_prepare w, int revents)
1435	{	1507	{
1436	int timeout = 3600000;truct pollfd fds [nfd];	1508	int timeout = 3600000;
		1509	struct pollfd fds [nfd];
1437	// actual code will need to loop here and realloc etc.	1510	// actual code will need to loop here and realloc etc.
1438	adns_beforepoll (ads, fds, &nfd, &timeout, timeval_from (ev_time ()));	1511	adns_beforepoll (ads, fds, &nfd, &timeout, timeval_from (ev_time ()));
1439		1512
1440	/* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */	1513	/* the callback is illegal, but won't be called as we stop during check */
1441	ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3);	1514	ev_timer_init (&tw, 0, timeout * 1e-3);
…		…
1675		1748
1676	To use it,	1749	To use it,
1677		1750
1678	#include <ev++.h>	1751	#include <ev++.h>
1679		1752
1680	(it is not installed by default). This automatically includes F<ev.h>	1753	This automatically includes F<ev.h> and puts all of its definitions (many
1681	and puts all of its definitions (many of them macros) into the global	1754	of them macros) into the global namespace. All C++ specific things are
1682	namespace. All C++ specific things are put into the C<ev> namespace.	1755	put into the C<ev> namespace. It should support all the same embedding
		1756	options as F<ev.h>, most notably C<EV_MULTIPLICITY>.
1683		1757
1684	It should support all the same embedding options as F<ev.h>, most notably	1758	Care has been taken to keep the overhead low. The only data member the C++
1685	C<EV_MULTIPLICITY>.	1759	classes add (compared to plain C-style watchers) is the event loop pointer
		1760	that the watcher is associated with (or no additional members at all if
		1761	you disable C<EV_MULTIPLICITY> when embedding libev).
		1762
		1763	Currently, functions, and static and non-static member functions can be
		1764	used as callbacks. Other types should be easy to add as long as they only
		1765	need one additional pointer for context. If you need support for other
		1766	types of functors please contact the author (preferably after implementing
		1767	it).
1686		1768
1687	Here is a list of things available in the C<ev> namespace:	1769	Here is a list of things available in the C<ev> namespace:
1688		1770
1689	=over 4	1771	=over 4
1690		1772
…		…
1706		1788
1707	All of those classes have these methods:	1789	All of those classes have these methods:
1708		1790
1709	=over 4	1791	=over 4
1710		1792
1711	=item ev::TYPE::TYPE (object , object::method )	1793	=item ev::TYPE::TYPE ()
1712		1794
1713	=item ev::TYPE::TYPE (object , object::method , struct ev_loop *)	1795	=item ev::TYPE::TYPE (struct ev_loop *)
1714		1796
1715	=item ev::TYPE::~TYPE	1797	=item ev::TYPE::~TYPE
1716		1798
1717	The constructor takes a pointer to an object and a method pointer to	1799	The constructor (optionally) takes an event loop to associate the watcher
1718	the event handler callback to call in this class. The constructor calls	1800	with. If it is omitted, it will use C<EV_DEFAULT>.
1719	C<ev_init> for you, which means you have to call the C<set> method	1801
1720	before starting it. If you do not specify a loop then the constructor	1802	The constructor calls C<ev_init> for you, which means you have to call the
1721	automatically associates the default loop with this watcher.	1803	C<set> method before starting it.
		1804
		1805	It will not set a callback, however: You have to call the templated C<set>
		1806	method to set a callback before you can start the watcher.
		1807
		1808	(The reason why you have to use a method is a limitation in C++ which does
		1809	not allow explicit template arguments for constructors).
1722		1810
1723	The destructor automatically stops the watcher if it is active.	1811	The destructor automatically stops the watcher if it is active.
		1812
		1813	=item w->set<class, &class::method> (object *)
		1814
		1815	This method sets the callback method to call. The method has to have a
		1816	signature of C<void (*)(ev_TYPE &, int)>, it receives the watcher as
		1817	first argument and the C<revents> as second. The object must be given as
		1818	parameter and is stored in the C<data> member of the watcher.
		1819
		1820	This method synthesizes efficient thunking code to call your method from
		1821	the C callback that libev requires. If your compiler can inline your
		1822	callback (i.e. it is visible to it at the place of the C<set> call and
		1823	your compiler is good :), then the method will be fully inlined into the
		1824	thunking function, making it as fast as a direct C callback.
		1825
		1826	Example: simple class declaration and watcher initialisation
		1827
		1828	struct myclass
		1829	{
		1830	void io_cb (ev::io &w, int revents) { }
		1831	}
		1832
		1833	myclass obj;
		1834	ev::io iow;
		1835	iow.set <myclass, &myclass::io_cb> (&obj);
		1836
		1837	=item w->set (void (function)(watcher &w, int), void data = 0)
		1838
		1839	Also sets a callback, but uses a static method or plain function as
		1840	callback. The optional C<data> argument will be stored in the watcher's
		1841	C<data> member and is free for you to use.
		1842
		1843	See the method-C<set> above for more details.
1724		1844
1725	=item w->set (struct ev_loop *)	1845	=item w->set (struct ev_loop *)
1726		1846
1727	Associates a different C<struct ev_loop> with this watcher. You can only	1847	Associates a different C<struct ev_loop> with this watcher. You can only
1728	do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either).	1848	do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either).
1729		1849
1730	=item w->set ([args])	1850	=item w->set ([args])
1731		1851
1732	Basically the same as C<ev_TYPE_set>, with the same args. Must be	1852	Basically the same as C<ev_TYPE_set>, with the same args. Must be
1733	called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher gets	1853	called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher gets
1734	automatically stopped and restarted.	1854	automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this
		1855	method.
1735		1856
1736	=item w->start ()	1857	=item w->start ()
1737		1858
1738	Starts the watcher. Note that there is no C<loop> argument as the	1859	Starts the watcher. Note that there is no C<loop> argument, as the
1739	constructor already takes the loop.	1860	constructor already stores the event loop.
1740		1861
1741	=item w->stop ()	1862	=item w->stop ()
1742		1863
1743	Stops the watcher if it is active. Again, no C<loop> argument.	1864	Stops the watcher if it is active. Again, no C<loop> argument.
1744		1865
…		…
1769		1890
1770	myclass ();	1891	myclass ();
1771	}	1892	}
1772		1893
1773	myclass::myclass (int fd)	1894	myclass::myclass (int fd)
1774	: io (this, &myclass::io_cb),
1775	idle (this, &myclass::idle_cb)
1776	{	1895	{
		1896	io .set <myclass, &myclass::io_cb > (this);
		1897	idle.set <myclass, &myclass::idle_cb> (this);
		1898
1777	io.start (fd, ev::READ);	1899	io.start (fd, ev::READ);
1778	}	1900	}
1779		1901
1780		1902
1781	=head1 MACRO MAGIC	1903	=head1 MACRO MAGIC
1782		1904
1783	Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is	1905	Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundemantal is
1784	C<EV_MULTIPLICITY>. This option determines wether (most) functions and	1906	C<EV_MULTIPLICITY>. This option determines whether (most) functions and
1785	callbacks have an initial C<struct ev_loop *> argument.	1907	callbacks have an initial C<struct ev_loop *> argument.
1786		1908
1787	To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the	1909	To make it easier to write programs that cope with either variant, the
1788	following macros are defined:	1910	following macros are defined:
1789		1911
…		…
1822	Similar to the other two macros, this gives you the value of the default	1944	Similar to the other two macros, this gives you the value of the default
1823	loop, if multiple loops are supported ("ev loop default").	1945	loop, if multiple loops are supported ("ev loop default").
1824		1946
1825	=back	1947	=back
1826		1948
1827	Example: Declare and initialise a check watcher, working regardless of	1949	Example: Declare and initialise a check watcher, utilising the above
1828	wether multiple loops are supported or not.	1950	macros so it will work regardless of whether multiple loops are supported
		1951	or not.
1829		1952
1830	static void	1953	static void
1831	check_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)	1954	check_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)
1832	{	1955	{
1833	ev_check_stop (EV_A_ w);	1956	ev_check_stop (EV_A_ w);
…		…
1835		1958
1836	ev_check check;	1959	ev_check check;
1837	ev_check_init (&check, check_cb);	1960	ev_check_init (&check, check_cb);
1838	ev_check_start (EV_DEFAULT_ &check);	1961	ev_check_start (EV_DEFAULT_ &check);
1839	ev_loop (EV_DEFAULT_ 0);	1962	ev_loop (EV_DEFAULT_ 0);
1840
1841		1963
1842	=head1 EMBEDDING	1964	=head1 EMBEDDING
1843		1965
1844	Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host	1966	Libev can (and often is) directly embedded into host
1845	applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra	1967	applications. Examples of applications that embed it include the Deliantra
…		…
1885	ev_vars.h	2007	ev_vars.h
1886	ev_wrap.h	2008	ev_wrap.h
1887		2009
1888	ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only	2010	ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only
1889		2011
1890	ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is by default)	2012	ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is enabled by default)
1891	ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default)	2013	ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default)
1892	ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default)	2014	ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default)
1893	ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default)	2015	ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default)
1894	ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default)	2016	ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default)
1895		2017
…		…
2058	will have the C<struct ev_loop *> as first argument, and you can create	2180	will have the C<struct ev_loop *> as first argument, and you can create
2059	additional independent event loops. Otherwise there will be no support	2181	additional independent event loops. Otherwise there will be no support
2060	for multiple event loops and there is no first event loop pointer	2182	for multiple event loops and there is no first event loop pointer
2061	argument. Instead, all functions act on the single default loop.	2183	argument. Instead, all functions act on the single default loop.
2062		2184
		2185	=item EV_MINPRI
		2186
		2187	=item EV_MAXPRI
		2188
		2189	The range of allowed priorities. C<EV_MINPRI> must be smaller or equal to
		2190	C<EV_MAXPRI>, but otherwise there are no non-obvious limitations. You can
		2191	provide for more priorities by overriding those symbols (usually defined
		2192	to be C<-2> and C<2>, respectively).
		2193
		2194	When doing priority-based operations, libev usually has to linearly search
		2195	all the priorities, so having many of them (hundreds) uses a lot of space
		2196	and time, so using the defaults of five priorities (-2 .. +2) is usually
		2197	fine.
		2198
		2199	If your embedding app does not need any priorities, defining these both to
		2200	C<0> will save some memory and cpu.
		2201
2063	=item EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE	2202	=item EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
2064		2203
2065	If undefined or defined to be C<1>, then periodic timers are supported. If	2204	If undefined or defined to be C<1>, then periodic timers are supported. If
		2205	defined to be C<0>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of
		2206	code.
		2207
		2208	=item EV_IDLE_ENABLE
		2209
		2210	If undefined or defined to be C<1>, then idle watchers are supported. If
2066	defined to be C<0>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of	2211	defined to be C<0>, then they are not. Disabling them saves a few kB of
2067	code.	2212	code.
2068		2213
2069	=item EV_EMBED_ENABLE	2214	=item EV_EMBED_ENABLE
2070		2215
…		…
2137	interface) and F<EV.xs> (implementation) files. Only the F<EV.xs> file	2282	interface) and F<EV.xs> (implementation) files. Only the F<EV.xs> file
2138	will be compiled. It is pretty complex because it provides its own header	2283	will be compiled. It is pretty complex because it provides its own header
2139	file.	2284	file.
2140		2285
2141	The usage in rxvt-unicode is simpler. It has a F<ev_cpp.h> header file	2286	The usage in rxvt-unicode is simpler. It has a F<ev_cpp.h> header file
2142	that everybody includes and which overrides some autoconf choices:	2287	that everybody includes and which overrides some configure choices:
2143		2288
		2289	#define EV_MINIMAL 1
2144	#define EV_USE_POLL 0	2290	#define EV_USE_POLL 0
2145	#define EV_MULTIPLICITY 0	2291	#define EV_MULTIPLICITY 0
2146	#define EV_PERIODICS 0	2292	#define EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE 0
		2293	#define EV_STAT_ENABLE 0
		2294	#define EV_FORK_ENABLE 0
2147	#define EV_CONFIG_H <config.h>	2295	#define EV_CONFIG_H <config.h>
		2296	#define EV_MINPRI 0
		2297	#define EV_MAXPRI 0
2148		2298
2149	#include "ev++.h"	2299	#include "ev++.h"
2150		2300
2151	And a F<ev_cpp.C> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:	2301	And a F<ev_cpp.C> implementation file that contains libev proper and is compiled:
2152		2302
…		…
2158		2308
2159	In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside	2309	In this section the complexities of (many of) the algorithms used inside
2160	libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the	2310	libev will be explained. For complexity discussions about backends see the
2161	documentation for C<ev_default_init>.	2311	documentation for C<ev_default_init>.
2162		2312
		2313	All of the following are about amortised time: If an array needs to be
		2314	extended, libev needs to realloc and move the whole array, but this
		2315	happens asymptotically never with higher number of elements, so O(1) might
		2316	mean it might do a lengthy realloc operation in rare cases, but on average
		2317	it is much faster and asymptotically approaches constant time.
		2318
2163	=over 4	2319	=over 4
2164		2320
2165	=item Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)	2321	=item Starting and stopping timer/periodic watchers: O(log skipped_other_timers)
2166		2322
		2323	This means that, when you have a watcher that triggers in one hour and
		2324	there are 100 watchers that would trigger before that then inserting will
		2325	have to skip those 100 watchers.
		2326
2167	=item Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)	2327	=item Changing timer/periodic watchers (by autorepeat, again): O(log skipped_other_timers)
2168		2328
		2329	That means that for changing a timer costs less than removing/adding them
		2330	as only the relative motion in the event queue has to be paid for.
		2331
2169	=item Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)	2332	=item Starting io/check/prepare/idle/signal/child watchers: O(1)
2170		2333
		2334	These just add the watcher into an array or at the head of a list.
2171	=item Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)	2335	=item Stopping check/prepare/idle watchers: O(1)
2172		2336
2173	=item Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % EV_PID_HASHSIZE))	2337	=item Stopping an io/signal/child watcher: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_(fd/signal/pid % EV_PID_HASHSIZE))
2174		2338
		2339	These watchers are stored in lists then need to be walked to find the
		2340	correct watcher to remove. The lists are usually short (you don't usually
		2341	have many watchers waiting for the same fd or signal).
		2342
2175	=item Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)	2343	=item Finding the next timer per loop iteration: O(1)
2176		2344
2177	=item Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)	2345	=item Each change on a file descriptor per loop iteration: O(number_of_watchers_for_this_fd)
2178		2346
		2347	A change means an I/O watcher gets started or stopped, which requires
		2348	libev to recalculate its status (and possibly tell the kernel).
		2349
2179	=item Activating one watcher: O(1)	2350	=item Activating one watcher: O(1)
2180		2351
		2352	=item Priority handling: O(number_of_priorities)
		2353
		2354	Priorities are implemented by allocating some space for each
		2355	priority. When doing priority-based operations, libev usually has to
		2356	linearly search all the priorities.
		2357
2181	=back	2358	=back
2182		2359
2183		2360
2184	=head1 AUTHOR	2361	=head1 AUTHOR
2185		2362

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Comparing libev/ev.pod (file contents): Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 11:31:34 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.73 by root, Sat Dec 8 03:53:36 2007 UTC

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Comparing libev/ev.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 11:31:34 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.73 by root, Sat Dec 8 03:53:36 2007 UTC