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Revision 1.9 by root, Wed Aug 14 22:54:28 2019 UTC vs.
Revision 1.76 by root, Tue Aug 9 11:44:54 2022 UTC

…		…
17	#	17	#
18	# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License	18	# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19	# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.	19	# along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20	#	20	#
21		21
22	use 5.014; # numerous features needed	22	use 5.016; # numerous features need 5.14, __SUB__ needs 5.16
23		23
24	our $VERSION = '1.0';	24	our $VERSION = '1.5';
25	our $JSON_VERSION = 1; # the versiobn of the json objects generated by this program	25	our $JSON_VERSION = 3; # the version of the json objects generated by this program
		26
		27	our $CHANGELOG = <<EOF;
		28
		29	1.5 Mon Nov 25 15:54:34 CET 2019
		30	- add "del" edit instruction.
		31	- work around lsblk bug sometimes giving "dos" pttype for gpt partitions.
		32	- bootmenupolicy in synopsis must be set to 0 to get the text menu.
		33	- minor doc fxes.
		34	- disable use of perldoc for help, doesn't work well.
		35
		36	1.4 Thu Aug 22 10:48:22 CEST 2019
		37	- new "create" subcommand.
		38	- "create" and "edit" try to save and restore ownership/permissions
		39	of bcd hives when writing the new file.
		40	- editorial fixes to the documentation.
		41	- add mininmal hive creation example.
		42
		43	1.3 Sat Aug 17 07:04:15 CEST 2019
		44	- output of pbcdedit elements --json has changed, as it didn't
		45	take the reorganisation by classes fully into account.
		46	- json schema bumped to 3.
		47	- new "bcd-device" and "bcd-legacy-device" subcommands.
		48	- implement --json option for lsblk.
		49
		50	1.2 Fri Aug 16 00:20:41 CEST 2019
		51	- bcd element names now depend on the bcd object type they are in,
		52	also affects "elements" output.
		53	- json schema bumped to 2.
		54	- new version command.
		55	- numerous minor bugfixes.
		56
		57	EOF
26		58
27	=head1 NAME	59	=head1 NAME
28		60
29	pbcdedit - portable boot configuration data (BCD) store editor	61	pbcdedit - portable boot configuration data (BCD) store editor
30		62
31	=head1 SYNOPSIS	63	=head1 SYNOPSIS
32		64
33	pbcdedit help # output manual page	65	pbcdedit help # output manual page
		66	pbcdedit version # output version and changelog
		67
34	pbcdedit export path/to/BCD # output BCD hive as JSON	68	pbcdedit export path/to/BCD # output BCD hive as JSON
35	pbcdedit import path/to/bcd # convert standard input to BCD hive	69	pbcdedit import path/to/BCD # convert standard input to BCD hive
36	pbcdedit edit path/to/BCD edit-instructions...	70	pbcdedit edit path/to/BCD edit-instructions...
37		71
38	pbcdedit objects # list all supported object aliases and types	72	pbcdedit objects # list all supported object aliases and types
39	pbcdedit elements # list all supported bcd element aliases	73	pbcdedit elements # list all supported bcd element aliases
40		74
		75	# Example: enable text-based boot menu.
		76	pbcdedit edit /my/BCD set '{default}' bootmenupolicy 0
		77
		78	# Example change system device to first partition containing winload.
		79	pbcdedit edit /my/BCD \
		80	set '{default}' device 'locate=<null>,element,path' \
		81	set '{default}' osdevice 'locate=<null>,element,path'
		82
		83
41	=head1 DESCRIPTION	84	=head1 DESCRIPTION
42		85
43	This program allows you to create, read and modify Boot Configuration Data	86	This program allows you to create, read and modify Boot Configuration Data
44	(BCD) stores used by Windows Vista and newer versions of Windows.	87	(BCD) stores used by Windows Vista and newer versions of Windows.
45		88
…		…
58		101
59	=item Does not rely on Windows	102	=item Does not rely on Windows
60		103
61	As the "portable" in the name implies, this program does not rely on	104	As the "portable" in the name implies, this program does not rely on
62	C<bcdedit> or other windows programs or libraries, it works on any system	105	C<bcdedit> or other windows programs or libraries, it works on any system
63	that supports at least perl version 5.14.	106	that supports at least perl version 5.16.
64		107
65	=item Decodes and encodes BCD device elements	108	=item Decodes and encodes BCD device elements
66		109
67	PBCDEDIT can concisely decode and encode BCD device element contents. This	110	PBCDEDIT can concisely decode and encode BCD device element contents. This
68	is pretty unique, and offers a lot of potential that can't be realised	111	is pretty unique, and offers a lot of potential that can't be realised
…		…
75	sensitive data.	118	sensitive data.
76		119
77	=back	120	=back
78		121
79	The target audience for this program is professionals and tinkerers who	122	The target audience for this program is professionals and tinkerers who
80	are rewady to invest time into learning how it works. It is not an easy	123	are ready to invest time into learning how it works. It is not an easy
81	program to use and requires patience and a good understanding of BCD data	124	program to use and requires patience and a good understanding of BCD
82	stores.	125	stores.
83		126
84		127
85	=head1 SUBCOMMANDS	128	=head1 SUBCOMMANDS
86		129
87	PCBEDIT expects a subcommand as first argument that tells it what to	130	PBCDEDIT expects a subcommand as first argument that tells it what to
88	do. The following subcommands exist:	131	do. The following subcommands exist:
89		132
90	=over	133	=over
91		134
92	=item help	135	=item C<help>
93		136
94	Displays the whole manuale page (this document).	137	Displays the whole manual page (this document).
95		138
		139	=item C<version>
		140
		141	This outputs the PBCDEDIT version, the JSON schema version it uses and the
		142	full log of changes.
		143
96	=item export F<path>	144	=item C<export> F<path>
97		145
98	Reads a BCD data store and writes a JSON representation of it to standard	146	Reads a BCD data store and writes a JSON representation of it to standard
99	output.	147	output.
100		148
101	The format of the data is explained later in this document.	149	The format of the data is explained later in this document.
102		150
103	Example: read a BCD store, modify it wiht an extenral program, write it again.	151	Example: read a BCD store, modify it with an external program, write it
		152	again.
104		153
105	pbcdedit export BCD | modify-json-somehow | pbcdedit import BCD	154	pbcdedit export BCD | modify-json-somehow | pbcdedit import BCD
106		155
107	=item import F<path>	156	=item C<import> F<path>
108		157
109	The reverse of C<export>: Reads a JSON representation of a BCD data store	158	The reverse of C<export>: Reads a JSON representation of a BCD data store
110	from standard input, and creates or replaces the given BCD data store.	159	from standard input, and creates or replaces the given BCD data store.
111		160
112	=item edit F<path> instructions...	161	=item C<edit> F<path> I<instructions...>
113		162
114	Load a BCD data store, apply some instructions to it, and save it again.	163	Load a BCD data store, apply some instructions to it, and save it again.
115		164
116	See the section L<EDITING BCD DATA STORES>, below, for more info.	165	See the section L<EDITING BCD STORES>, below, for more info.
117		166
118	=item parse F<path> instructions...	167	=item C<parse> F<path> I<instructions...>
119		168
120	Same as C<edit>, above, except it doesn't save the data store again. Can	169	Same as C<edit>, above, except it doesn't save the data store again. Can
121	be useful to extract some data from it.	170	be useful to extract some data from it.
122		171
123	=item lsblk	172	=item C<create> F<path> I<instructions...>
		173
		174	Same as C<edit>, above, except it creates a new data store from scratch if
		175	needed. An existing store will be emptied completely.
		176
		177	=item C<lsblk> [C<--json>]
124		178
125	On a GNU/Linux system, you can get a list of partition device descriptors	179	On a GNU/Linux system, you can get a list of partition device descriptors
126	using this command - the external C<lsblk> command is required, as well as	180	using this command - the external C<lsblk> command is required, as well as
127	a mounted C</sys> file system.	181	a mounted C</sys> file system.
128		182
129	The output will be a list of all partitions in the system and C<partition>	183	The output will be a list of all partitions in the system and C<partition>
130	descriptors for GPT and both C<legacypartition> and C<partition>	184	descriptors for GPT and both C<legacypartition> and C<partition>
131	descritpors for MBR partitions.	185	descriptors for MBR partitions.
132		186
		187	With C<--json> it will print similar information as C<lsblk --json>, but
		188	with extra C<bcd_device> and C<bcd_legacy_device> attributes.
		189
		190	=item C<bcd-device> F<path>
		191
		192	Tries to find the BCD device element for the given device, which currently
		193	must be a a partition of some kind. Prints the C<partition=> descriptor as
		194	a result, or nothing. Exit status will be true on success, and false on
		195	failure.
		196
		197	Like C<lsblk>, above, this likely only works on GNU/Linux systems.
		198
		199	Example: print the partition descriptor of tghe partition with label DATA.
		200
		201	$ pbcdedit bcd-device /dev/disk/by-label/DATA
		202	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,213579202560
		203
		204	=item C<bcd-legacy-device> F<path>
		205
		206	Like above, but uses a C<legacypartition> descriptor instead.
		207
133	=item objects [--json]	208	=item C<objects> [C<--json>]
134		209
135	Outputs two tables: a table listing all type aliases with their hex bcd	210	Outputs two tables: a table listing all type aliases with their hex BCD
136	element ID, and all object name aliases with their GUID and default type	211	element ID, and all object name aliases with their GUID and default type
137	(if any).	212	(if any).
138		213
139	With C<--json> it prints similar information as a JSON object, for easier parsing.	214	With C<--json> it prints similar information as a JSON object, for easier parsing.
140		215
141	=item elements [--json]	216	=item C<elements> [C<--json>]
142		217
143	Outputs a table of known element aliases with their hex ID and the format	218	Outputs a table of known element aliases with their hex ID and the format
144	type.	219	type.
145		220
146	With C<--json> it prints similar information as a JSON object, for easier parsing.	221	With C<--json> it prints similar information as a JSON object, for easier parsing.
147		222
148	=item export-regf F<path>	223	=item C<export-regf> F<path>
149		224
150	This has nothing to do with BCD data stores - it takes a registry hive	225	This has nothing to do with BCD stores, but simply exposes PCBEDIT's
		226	internal registry hive reader - it takes a registry hive file as argument
151	file as argument and outputs a JSON representation of it to standard	227	and outputs a JSON representation of it to standard output.
152	output.
153		228
154	Hive versions 1.2 till 1.6 are supported.	229	Hive versions 1.2 till 1.6 are supported.
155		230
156	=item import-regf F<path>	231	=item C<import-regf> F<path>
157		232
158	The reverse of C<export-regf>: reads a JSON representation of a registry	233	The reverse of C<export-regf>: reads a JSON representation of a registry
159	hive from standard input and creates or replaces the registry hive file given as	234	hive from standard input and creates or replaces the registry hive file
160	argument.	235	given as argument.
161		236
162	The written hive will always be in a slightly modified version 1.3	237	The written hive will always be in a slightly modified version 1.3
163	format. It's not the format windows would generate, but it should be	238	format. It's not the format windows would generate, but it should be
164	understood by any conformant hive reader.	239	understood by any conformant hive reader.
165		240
166	Note that the representation chosen by PBCDEDIT currently throws away	241	Note that the representation chosen by PBCDEDIT currently throws away
167	clasname data (often used for feeble attemtps at hiding stuff by	242	classname data (often used for feeble attempts at hiding stuff by
168	Microsoft) and security descriptors, so if you write anything other than	243	Microsoft) and security descriptors, so if you write anything other than
169	a BCD hive you will most likely destroy it.	244	a BCD hive you will most likely destroy it.
170		245
171	=back	246	=back
172		247
173		248
174	=head1 BCD DATA STORE REPRESENTATION FORMAT	249	=head1 BCD STORE REPRESENTATION FORMAT
175		250
176	A BCD data store is represented as a JSON object with one special key,	251	A BCD data store is represented as a JSON object with one special key,
177	C<meta>, and one key per BCD object. That is, each BCD object becomes	252	C<meta>, and one key per BCD object. That is, each BCD object becomes
178	one key-value pair in the object, and an additional key called C<meta>	253	one key-value pair in the object, and an additional key called C<meta>
179	contains meta information.	254	contains meta information.
…		…
215	}	290	}
216		291
217	=head2 Minimal BCD to boot windows	292	=head2 Minimal BCD to boot windows
218		293
219	Experimentally I found the following BCD is the minimum required to	294	Experimentally I found the following BCD is the minimum required to
220	successfully boot any post-XP version of Windows (suitable C<device> and	295	successfully boot any post-XP version of Windows (assuming suitable
221	C<osdevice> values, of course):	296	C<device> and C<osdevice> values, of course, and assuming a BIOS boot -
		297	for UEFI, you should use F<winload.efi> instead of F<winload.exe>):
222		298
223	{	299	{
224	"{bootmgr}" : {	300	"{bootmgr}" : {
225	"resumeobject" : "{45b547a7-8ca6-4417-9eb0-a257b61f35b4}"	301	"default" : "{45b547a7-8ca6-4417-9eb0-a257b61f35b4}"
226	},	302	},
227		303
228	"{45b547a7-8ca6-4417-9eb0-a257b61f35b1}" : {	304	"{45b547a7-8ca6-4417-9eb0-a257b61f35b1}" : {
229	"type" : "application::osloader",	305	"type" : "application::osloader",
230	"description" : "Windows Boot",	306	"description" : "Windows Boot",
…		…
237		313
238	Note that minimal doesn't mean recommended - Windows itself will add stuff	314	Note that minimal doesn't mean recommended - Windows itself will add stuff
239	to this during or after boot, and you might or might not run into issues	315	to this during or after boot, and you might or might not run into issues
240	when installing updates as it might not be able to find the F<bootmgr>.	316	when installing updates as it might not be able to find the F<bootmgr>.
241		317
		318	This is how you would create a minimal hive with PBCDEDIT from within
		319	GNU/Linux, assuming F</dev/sdc3> is the windows partition, using
		320	a random GUID for the osloader and using C<partition> instead of
		321	C<legacypartition>:
		322
		323	osldr="{$(uuidgen)}"
		324	part=$(pbcdedit bcd-device /dev/sdc3)
		325	pbcdedit create minimal.bcd \
		326	set '{bootmgr}' default "$osldr" \
		327	set "$osldr" type application::osloader \
		328	set "$osldr" description 'Windows Boot' \
		329	set "$osldr" device "$part" \
		330	set "$osldr" osdevice "$part" \
		331	set "$osldr" path '\Windows\system32\winload.exe' \
		332	set "$osldr" systemroot '\Windows'
		333
242	=head2 The C<meta> key	334	=head2 The C<meta> key
243		335
244	The C<meta> key is not stored in the BCD data store but is used only	336	The C<meta> key is not stored in the BCD data store but is used only
245	by PBCDEDIT. It is always generated when exporting, and importing will	337	by PBCDEDIT. It is always generated when exporting, and importing will
246	be refused when it exists and the version stored inside doesn't store	338	be refused when it exists and the version stored inside doesn't match
247	the JSON schema version of PBCDEDIT. This ensures that differemt and	339	the JSON schema version of PBCDEDIT. This ensures that different and
248	incompatible versions of PBCDEDIT will not read and misinterüret each	340	incompatible versions of PBCDEDIT will not read and misinterpret each
249	others data.	341	others data.
250		342
251	=head2 The object keys	343	=head2 The object keys
252		344
253	Every other key is a BCD object. There is usually a BCD object for the	345	Every other key is a BCD object. There is usually a BCD object for the
254	boot manager, one for every boot option and a few others that store common	346	boot manager, one for every boot option and a few others that store common
255	settings inherited by these.	347	settings inherited by these.
256		348
257	Each BCD object is represented by a GUID wrapped in curly braces. These	349	Each BCD object is represented by a GUID wrapped in curly braces. These
258	are usually random GUIDs used only to distinguish bCD objects from each	350	are usually random GUIDs used only to distinguish BCD objects from each
259	other. When adding a new boot option, you can simply generate a new GUID.	351	other. When adding a new boot option, you can simply generate a new GUID.
260		352
261	Some of these GUIDs are fixed well known GUIDs which PBCDEDIT will decode	353	Some of these GUIDs are fixed well known GUIDs which PBCDEDIT will decode
262	into human-readable strings such as C<{globalsettings}>, which is the same	354	into human-readable strings such as C<{globalsettings}>, which is the same
263	as C<{7ea2e1ac-2e61-4728-aaa3-896d9d0a9f0e}>.	355	as C<{7ea2e1ac-2e61-4728-aaa3-896d9d0a9f0e}>.
264		356
265	Each BCD, object has an associated type. For example,	357	Each BCD object has an associated type. For example,
266	C<application::osloader> for objects loading Windows via F<winload.exe>,	358	C<application::osloader> for objects loading Windows via F<winload.exe>,
267	C<application::bootsector> for real mode applications and so on.	359	C<application::bootsector> for real mode applications and so on.
268		360
269	The type of a object is stored in the pseudo BCD element C<type> (see next	361	The type of a object is stored in the pseudo BCD element C<type> (see next
270	section).	362	section).
…		…
297	get a list of all BCD elements known to PBCDEDIT by running F<pbcdedit	389	get a list of all BCD elements known to PBCDEDIT by running F<pbcdedit
298	elements>.	390	elements>.
299		391
300	What was said about duplicate keys mapping to the same object is true for	392	What was said about duplicate keys mapping to the same object is true for
301	elements as well, so, again, you should always use the canonical name,	393	elements as well, so, again, you should always use the canonical name,
302	whcih is the human radable alias, if known.	394	which is the human readable alias, if known.
303		395
304	=head3 BCD element types	396	=head3 BCD element types
305		397
306	Each BCD element has a type such as I<string> or I<boolean>. This type	398	Each BCD element has a type such as I<string> or I<boolean>. This type
307	determines how the value is interpreted, and most of them are pretty easy	399	determines how the value is interpreted, and most of them are pretty easy
…		…
319	"description" : "Windows 10",	411	"description" : "Windows 10",
320	"systemroot" : "\\Windows",	412	"systemroot" : "\\Windows",
321		413
322	=item boolean	414	=item boolean
323		415
324	Almost as simnple are booleans, which represent I<true>/I<false>,	416	Almost as simple are booleans, which represent I<true>/I<false>,
325	I<on>/I<off> and similar values. In the JSON form, true is represented	417	I<on>/I<off> and similar values. In the JSON form, true is represented
326	by the number C<1>, and false is represented by the number C<0>. Other	418	by the number C<1>, and false is represented by the number C<0>. Other
327	values will be accepted, but PBCDEDIT doesn't guarantee how these are	419	values will be accepted, but PBCDEDIT doesn't guarantee how these are
328	interpreted.	420	interpreted.
329		421
…		…
333		425
334	"displaybootmenu" : 0,	426	"displaybootmenu" : 0,
335		427
336	=item integer	428	=item integer
337		429
338	Again, very simple, this is a 64 bit integer. IT can be either specified	430	Again, very simple, this is a 64 bit integer. It can be either specified
339	as a decimal number, as a hex number (by prefixing it with C<0x>) or as a	431	as a decimal number, as a hex number (by prefixing it with C<0x>) or as a
340	binatry number (prefix C<0b>).	432	binary number (prefix C<0b>).
341		433
342	For example, the boot C<timeout> is an integer, specifying the automatic	434	For example, the boot C<timeout> is an integer, specifying the automatic
343	boot delay in seconds:	435	boot delay in seconds:
344		436
345	"timeout" : 30,	437	"timeout" : 30,
346		438
347	=item integer list	439	=item integer list
348		440
349	This is a list of 64 bit integers separated by whitespace. It is not used	441	This is a list of 64 bit integers separated by whitespace. It is not used
350	much, so here is a somewhat artificial an untested exanmple of using	442	much, so here is a somewhat artificial and untested example of using
351	C<customactions> to specify a certain custom, eh, action to be executed	443	C<customactions> to specify a certain custom, eh, action to be executed
352	when pressing C<F10> at boot:	444	when pressing C<F10> at boot:
353		445
354	"customactions" : "0x1000044000001 0x54000001",	446	"customactions" : "0x1000044000001 0x54000001",
355		447
356	=item guid	448	=item guid
357		449
358	This represents a single GUID value wrqapped in curly braces. It is used a	450	This represents a single GUID value wrapped in curly braces. It is used a
359	lot to refer from one BCD object to other one.	451	lot to refer from one BCD object to other one.
360		452
361	For example, The C<{bootmgr}> object might refer to a resume boot option	453	For example, The C<{bootmgr}> object might refer to a resume boot option
362	using C<resumeobject>:	454	using C<default>:
363		455
364	"resumeobject" : "{7ae02178-821d-11e7-8813-1c872c5f5ab0}",	456	"default" : "{7ae02178-821d-11e7-8813-1c872c5f5ab0}",
365		457
366	Human readable aliases are used and allowed.	458	Human readable aliases are used and allowed.
367		459
368	=item guid list	460	=item guid list
369		461
370	Similar to te guid type, this represents a list of such GUIDs, separated	462	Similar to the GUID type, this represents a list of such GUIDs, separated
371	by whitespace from each other.	463	by whitespace from each other.
372		464
373	For example, many BCD objects can I<inherit> elements from other BCD	465	For example, many BCD objects can I<inherit> elements from other BCD
374	objects by specifying the GUIDs of those other objects ina GUID list	466	objects by specifying the GUIDs of those other objects in a GUID list
375	called surprisingly called C<inherit>:	467	called surprisingly called C<inherit>:
376		468
377	"inherit" : "{dbgsettings} {emssettings} {badmemory}",	469	"inherit" : "{dbgsettings} {emssettings} {badmemory}",
378		470
379	This example also shows how human readable aliases can be used.	471	This example also shows how human readable aliases can be used.
…		…
383	This type is why I write I<most> are easy to explain earlier: This type	475	This type is why I write I<most> are easy to explain earlier: This type
384	is the pinnacle of Microsoft-typical hacks layered on top of other	476	is the pinnacle of Microsoft-typical hacks layered on top of other
385	hacks. Understanding this type took more time than writing all the rest of	477	hacks. Understanding this type took more time than writing all the rest of
386	PBCDEDIT, and because it is so complex, this type has its own subsection	478	PBCDEDIT, and because it is so complex, this type has its own subsection
387	below.	479	below.
		480
388	=back	481	=back
389		482
390	=head4 The BCD "device" element type	483	=head3 The BCD "device" element type
391		484
392	Device elements specify, well, devices. They are used for such diverse	485	Device elements specify, well, devices. They are used for such diverse
393	purposes such as finding a TFTP network boot imagem serial ports or VMBUS	486	purposes such as finding a TFTP network boot image, serial ports or VMBUS
394	devices, but most commonly they are used to specify the disk (harddisk,	487	devices, but most commonly they are used to specify the disk (harddisk,
395	cdrom ramdisk, vhd...) to boot from.	488	cdrom, ramdisk, vhd...) to boot from.
396		489
397	The device element is kind of a mini-language in its own which is much	490	The device element is kind of a mini-language in its own which is much
398	more versatile then the limited windows interface to it - BCDEDIT -	491	more versatile then the limited windows interface to it - BCDEDIT -
399	reveals.	492	reveals.
400		493
…		…
403	element, so almost everything known about it had to be researched first	496	element, so almost everything known about it had to be researched first
404	in the process of writing this script, and consequently, support for BCD	497	in the process of writing this script, and consequently, support for BCD
405	device elements is partial only.	498	device elements is partial only.
406		499
407	On the other hand, the expressive power of PBCDEDIT in specifying devices	500	On the other hand, the expressive power of PBCDEDIT in specifying devices
408	is much bigger than BCDEDIT and therefore more cna be don with it. The	501	is much greater than BCDEDIT and therefore more can be done with it. The
409	downside is that BCD device elements are much more complicated than what	502	downside is that BCD device elements are much more complicated than what
410	you might think from reading the BCDEDIT documentation.	503	you might think from reading the BCDEDIT documentation.
411		504
412	In other words, simple things are complicated, and complicated things are	505	In other words, simple things are complicated, and complicated things are
413	possible.	506	possible.
414		507
415	Anyway, the general syntax of device elements is an optional GUID,	508	Anyway, the general syntax of device elements is an optional GUID,
416	followed by a device type, optionally followed by hexdecimal flags in	509	followed by a device type, optionally followed by hexadecimal flags in
417	angle brackets, optionally followed by C<=> and a comma-separated list of	510	angle brackets, optionally followed by C<=> and a comma-separated list of
418	arguments, some of which can be (and often are) in turn devices again.	511	arguments, some of which can be (and often are) in turn devices again.
419		512
420	[{GUID}]type[<flags>][=arg,arg...]	513	[{GUID}]type[<flags>][=arg,arg...]
421		514
422	Here are some examples:	515	Here are some examples:
423		516
424	boot	517	boot
425	{b097d29f-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}block=file,<boot>,\\EFI"	518	{b097d29f-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}block=file,<boot>,\EFI
426	locate=<null>,element,systemroot	519	locate=<null>,element,systemroot
427	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576	520	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576
428	partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd	521	partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd
429	block<1>=ramdisk,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,68720525312>,0,0,0,\Recovery\b097d29e-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456\Winre.wim	522	block<1>=ramdisk,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,68720525312>,0,0,0,\Recovery\b097d29e-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456\Winre.wim
430	block=file,<partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,ee3a393a-f0de-4057-9946-88584245ed48>,\	523	block=file,<partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,ee3a393a-f0de-4057-9946-88584245ed48>,\
…		…
447	The types understood and used by PBCDEDIT are as follows (keep in mind	540	The types understood and used by PBCDEDIT are as follows (keep in mind
448	that not of all the following is necessarily supported in PBCDEDIT):	541	that not of all the following is necessarily supported in PBCDEDIT):
449		542
450	=over	543	=over
451		544
452	=item binary=hex...	545	=item C<binary=>I<hex...>
453		546
454	This type isn't actually a real BCD element type, but a fallback for those	547	This type isn't actually a real BCD element type, but a fallback for those
455	cases where PBCDEDIT can't perfectly decode a device element (except for	548	cases where PBCDEDIT can't perfectly decode a device element (except for
456	the leading GUID, which it can always decode). In such cases, it will	549	the leading GUID, which it can always decode). In such cases, it will
457	convert the device into this type with a hexdump of the element data.	550	convert the device into this type with a hexdump of the element data.
458		551
459	=item null	552	=item C<null>
460		553
461	This is another special type - sometimes, a device all zero-filled, which	554	This is another special type - sometimes, a device is all zero-filled,
462	is not valid. This can mark the absence of a device or something PBCDEDIT	555	which is not valid. This can mark the absence of a device or something
463	does not understand, so it decodes it into this special "all zero" type	556	PBCDEDIT does not understand, so it decodes it into this special "all
464	called C<null>.	557	zero" type called C<null>.
465		558
466	It's most commonly found in devices that can use an optional parent	559	It's most commonly found in devices that can use an optional parent
467	device, when no parent device is used.	560	device, when no parent device is used.
468		561
469	=item boot	562	=item C<boot>
470		563
471	Another type without parameters, this refers to the device that was booted	564	Another type without parameters, this refers to the device that was booted
472	from (nowadays typically the EFI system partition).	565	from (nowadays typically the EFI system partition).
473		566
474	=item vmbus=interfacetype,interfaceinstance	567	=item C<vmbus=>I<interfacetype>,I<interfaceinstance>
475		568
476	This specifies a VMBUS device with the given interface type and interface	569	This specifies a VMBUS device with the given interface type and interface
477	instance, both of which are "naked" (no curly braces) GUIDs.	570	instance, both of which are "naked" (no curly braces) GUIDs.
478		571
479	Made-up example (couldn't find a single example on the web):	572	Made-up example (couldn't find a single example on the web):
480		573
481	vmbus=c376c1c3-d276-48d2-90a9-c04748072c60,12345678-a234-b234-c234-d2345678abcd	574	vmbus=c376c1c3-d276-48d2-90a9-c04748072c60,12345678-a234-b234-c234-d2345678abcd
482		575
483	=item partition=<parent>,devicetype,partitiontype,diskid,partitionid	576	=item C<partition=><I<parent>>,I<devicetype>,I<partitiontype>,I<diskid>,I<partitionid>
484		577
485	This designates a specific partition on a block device. C<< <parent>	578	This designates a specific partition on a block device. I<parent> is an
486	>> is an optional parent device on which to search on, and is often	579	optional parent device on which to search on, and is often C<null>. Note
487	C<null>. Note that the anfgle brackets are part of the syntax.	580	that the angle brackets around I<parent> are part of the syntax.
488		581
489	C<devicetypes> is one of C<harddisk>, C<floppy>, C<cdrom>, C<ramdisk>,	582	I<devicetypes> is one of C<harddisk>, C<floppy>, C<cdrom>, C<ramdisk>,
490	C<file> or C<vhd>, where the first three should be self-explaining,	583	C<file> or C<vhd>, where the first three should be self-explaining,
491	C<file> is usually used to locate a device by finding a magic file, and	584	C<file> is usually used to locate a file to be used as a disk image,
492	C<vhd> is used for virtual harddisks - F<.vhd> and F<-vhdx> files.	585	and C<vhd> is used to treat files as virtual harddisks, i.e. F<vhd> and
		586	F<vhdx> files.
493		587
494	The C<partitiontype> is either C<mbr>, C<gpt> or C<raw>, the latter being	588	The I<partitiontype> is either C<mbr>, C<gpt> or C<raw>, the latter being
495	used for devices without partitions, such as cdroms, where the "partition"	589	used for devices without partitions, such as cdroms, where the "partition"
496	is usually the whole device.	590	is usually the whole device.
497		591
498	The C<diskid> identifies the disk or device using a unique signature, and	592	The I<diskid> identifies the disk or device using a unique signature, and
499	the same is true for the C<partitionid>. How these are interpreted depends	593	the same is true for the I<partitionid>. How these are interpreted depends
500	on the C<partitiontype>:	594	on the I<partitiontype>:
501		595
502	=over	596	=over
503		597
504	=item mbr	598	=item C<mbr>
505		599
506	The C<diskid> is the 32 bit disk signature stored at offset 0x1b8 in the	600	The C<diskid> is the 32 bit disk signature stored at offset 0x1b8 in the
507	MBR, interpreted as a 32 bit unsigned little endian integer and written as	601	MBR, interpreted as a 32 bit unsigned little endian integer and written as
508	hex number. That is, the bytes C<01 02 03 04> would become C<04030201>.	602	hex number. That is, the bytes C<01 02 03 04> would become C<04030201>.
509		603
510	Diskpart (using the C<DETAIL> command) and the C<lsblk> comamnd typically	604	Diskpart (using the C<DETAIL> command) and the C<lsblk> command typically
511	found on GNU/Linux systems (using e.g. C<lsblk -o NAME,PARTUUID>) can	605	found on GNU/Linux systems (using e.g. C<lsblk -o NAME,PARTUUID>) can
512	display the disk id.	606	display the I<diskid>.
513		607
514	The C<partitionid> is the byte offset(!) of the partition counting from	608	The I<partitionid> is the byte offset(!) of the partition counting from
515	the beginning of the MBR.	609	the beginning of the MBR.
516		610
517	Example, use the partition on the harddisk with C<diskid> C<47cbc08a>	611	Example, use the partition on the harddisk with I<diskid> C<47cbc08a>
518	starting at sector C<2048> (= 1048576 / 512).	612	starting at sector C<2048> (= 1048576 / 512).
519		613
520	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576	614	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576
521		615
522	=item gpt	616	=item C<gpt>
523		617
524	The C<diskid> is the disk UUID/disk identifier GUID from the partition	618	The I<diskid> is the disk GUID/disk identifier GUID from the partition
525	table (as displayed e.g. by C<gdisk>), and the C<partitionid> is the	619	table (as displayed e.g. by F<gdisk>), and the I<partitionid> is the
526	partition unique GUID (displayed using e.g. the C<gdisk> C<i> command).	620	partition unique GUID (displayed using e.g. the F<gdisk> F<i> command).
527		621
528	Example: use the partition C<76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd> on GPT	622	Example: use the partition C<76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd> on GPT
529	disk C<9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a>.	623	disk C<9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a>.
530		624
531	partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd	625	partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,9742e468-9206-48a0-b4e4-c4e9745a356a,76d39e5f-ad1b-407e-9c05-c81eb83b57dd
532		626
533	=item raw	627	=item C<raw>
534		628
535	Instead of diskid and partitionid, this type only accepts a decimal disk	629	Instead of I<diskid> and I<partitionid>, this type only accepts a decimal
536	number and signifies the whole disk. BCDEDIT cannot display the resulting	630	disk number and signifies the whole disk. BCDEDIT cannot display the
537	device, and I am doubtful whether it has a useful effect.	631	resulting device, and I am doubtful whether it has a useful effect.
538		632
539	=back	633	=back
540		634
541	=item legacypartition=<parent>,devicetype,partitiontype,diskid,partitionid	635	=item C<legacypartition=><I<parent>>,I<devicetype>,I<partitiontype>,I<diskid>,I<partitionid>
542		636
543	This is exactly the same as the C<partition> type, except for a tiny	637	This is exactly the same as the C<partition> type, except for a tiny
544	detail: instead of using the partition start offset, this type uses the	638	detail: instead of using the partition start offset, this type uses the
545	partition number for MBR disks. Behaviour other partition types should be	639	partition number for MBR disks. Behaviour other partition types should be
546	the same.	640	the same.
547		641
548	The partition number starts at C<1> and skips unused partition, so if	642	The partition number starts at C<1> and skips unused partition, so if
549	there are two primary partitions and another partition inside the extended	643	there are two primary partitions and another partition inside the extended
550	partition, the primary partitions are number C<1> and C<2> and the	644	partition, the primary partitions are number C<1> and C<2> and the
551	partition inside the extended partition is number C<3>, rwegardless of any	645	partition inside the extended partition is number C<3>, regardless of any
552	gaps.	646	gaps.
553		647
554	=item locate=<parent>,locatetype,locatearg	648	=item C<locate=><I<parent>>,I<locatetype>,I<locatearg>
555		649
556	This device description will make the bootloader search for a partition	650	This device description will make the bootloader search for a partition
557	with a given path.	651	with a given path.
558		652
559	The C<< <parent> >> device is the device to search on (angle brackets are	653	The I<parent> device is the device to search on (angle brackets are
560	still part of the syntax!) If it is C<< <null> >>, then C<locate> will	654	still part of the syntax!) If it is C<null>, then C<locate> will
561	search all disks it can find.	655	search all disks it can find.
562		656
563	C<locatetype> is either C<element> or C<path>, and merely distinguishes	657	I<locatetype> is either C<element> or C<path>, and merely distinguishes
564	between two different ways to specify the path to search for: C<element>	658	between two different ways to specify the path to search for: C<element>
565	uses an element ID (either as hex or as name) as C<locatearg> and C<path>	659	uses an element ID (either as hex or as name) as I<locatearg> and C<path>
566	uses a relative path as C<locatearg>.	660	uses a relative path as I<locatearg>.
567		661
568	Example: find any partition which has the C<magicfile.xxx> path in the	662	Example: find any partition which has the F<magicfile.xxx> path in the
569	root.	663	root.
570		664
571	locate=<null>,path,\magicfile.xxx	665	locate=<null>,path,\magicfile.xxx
572		666
573	Example: find any partition which has the path specified in the	667	Example: find any partition which has the path specified in the
574	C<systemroot> element (typically C<\Windows>).	668	C<systemroot> element (typically F<\Windows>).
575		669
576	locate=<null>,element,systemroot	670	locate=<null>,element,systemroot
577		671
578	=item block=devicetype,args...	672	=item C<block=>I<devicetype>,I<args...>
579		673
580	Last not least, the most complex type, C<block>, which... specifies block	674	Last not least, the most complex type, C<block>, which... specifies block
581	devices (which could be inside a F<vhdx> file for example).	675	devices (which could be inside a F<vhdx> file for example).
582		676
583	C<devicetypes> is one of C<harddisk>, C<floppy>, C<cdrom>, C<ramdisk>,	677	I<devicetypes> is one of C<harddisk>, C<floppy>, C<cdrom>, C<ramdisk>,
584	C<file> or C<vhd> - the same as for C<partiion=>.	678	C<file> or C<vhd> - the same as for C<partition=>.
585		679
586	The remaining arguments change depending on the C<devicetype>:	680	The remaining arguments change depending on the I<devicetype>:
587		681
588	=over	682	=over
589		683
590	=item block=file,<parent>,path	684	=item C<block=file>,<I<parent>>,I<path>
591		685
592	Interprets the C<< <parent> >> device (typically a partition) as a	686	Interprets the I<parent> device (typically a partition) as a
593	filesystem and specifies a file path inside.	687	filesystem and specifies a file path inside.
594		688
595	=item block=vhd,<parent>	689	=item C<block=vhd>,<I<parent>>
596		690
597	Pretty much just changes the interpretation of C<< <parent> >>, which is	691	Pretty much just changes the interpretation of I<parent>, which is
598	usually a disk image (C<block=file,...)>) to be a F<vhd> or F<vhdx> file.	692	usually a disk image (C<block=file,...)>) to be a F<vhd> or F<vhdx> file.
599		693
600	=item block=ramdisk,<parent>,base,size,offset,path	694	=item C<block=ramdisk>,<I<parent>>,I<base>,I<size>,I<offset>,I<path>
601		695
602	Interprets the C<< <parent> >> device as RAM disk, using the (decimal)	696	Interprets the I<parent> device as RAM disk, using the (decimal)
603	base address, byte size and byte offset inside a file specified by	697	base address, byte size and byte offset inside a file specified by
604	C<path>. The numbers are usually all C<0> because they cna be extracted	698	I<path>. The numbers are usually all C<0> because they can be extracted
605	from the RAM disk image or other parameters.	699	from the RAM disk image or other parameters.
606		700
607	This is most commonly used to boot C<wim> images.	701	This is most commonly used to boot C<wim> images.
608		702
609	=item block=floppy,drivenum	703	=item C<block=floppy>,I<drivenum>
610		704
611	Refers to a removable drive identified by a number. BCDEDIT cannot display	705	Refers to a removable drive identified by a number. BCDEDIT cannot display
612	the resultinfg device, and it is not clear what effect it will have.	706	the resulting device, and it is not clear what effect it will have.
613		707
614	=item block=cdrom,drivenum	708	=item C<block=cdrom>,I<drivenum>
615		709
616	Pretty much the same as C<floppy> but for CD-ROMs.	710	Pretty much the same as C<floppy> but for CD-ROMs.
617		711
618	=item anything else	712	=item anything else
619		713
620	Probably not yet implemented. Tell me of your needs...	714	Probably not yet implemented. Tell me of your needs...
621		715
622	=back	716	=back
623		717
624	=back5 Examples	718	=back
		719
		720	=head4 Examples
625		721
626	This concludes the syntax overview for device elements, but probably	722	This concludes the syntax overview for device elements, but probably
627	leaves many questions open. I can't help with most of them, as I also ave	723	leaves many questions open. I can't help with most of them, as I also have
628	many questions, but I can walk you through some actual examples using mroe	724	many questions, but I can walk you through some actual examples using more
629	complex aspects.	725	complex aspects.
630		726
		727	=over
		728
631	=item locate=<block=vhd,<block=file,<locate=<null>,path,\disk.vhdx>,\disk.vhdx>>,element,path	729	=item C<< locate=<block=vhd,<block=file,<locate=<null>,path,\disk.vhdx>,\disk.vhdx>>,element,path >>
632		730
633	Just like with C declarations, you best treat device descriptors as	731	Just like with C declarations, you best treat device descriptors as
634	instructions to find your device and work your way from the inside out:	732	instructions to find your device and work your way from the inside out:
635		733
636	locate=<null>,path,\disk.vhdx	734	locate=<null>,path,\disk.vhdx
…		…
643	Next, this takes the device locate has found and finds a file called	741	Next, this takes the device locate has found and finds a file called
644	F<\disk.vhdx> on it. This is the same file locate was using, but that is	742	F<\disk.vhdx> on it. This is the same file locate was using, but that is
645	only because we find the device using the same path as finding the disk	743	only because we find the device using the same path as finding the disk
646	image, so this is purely incidental, although quite common.	744	image, so this is purely incidental, although quite common.
647		745
648	Bext, this file will be opened as a virtual disk:	746	Next, this file will be opened as a virtual disk:
649		747
650	block=vhd,<see above>	748	block=vhd,<see above>
651		749
652	And finally, inside this disk, another C<locate> will look for a partition	750	And finally, inside this disk, another C<locate> will look for a partition
653	with a path as specified in the C<path> element, which most likely will be	751	with a path as specified in the C<path> element, which most likely will be
…		…
656	locate=<see above>,element,path	754	locate=<see above>,element,path
657		755
658	As a result, this will boot the first Windows it finds on the first	756	As a result, this will boot the first Windows it finds on the first
659	F<disk.vhdx> disk image it can find anywhere.	757	F<disk.vhdx> disk image it can find anywhere.
660		758
661	=item locate=<block=vhd,<block=file,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128>,\win10.vhdx>>,element,path	759	=item C<< locate=<block=vhd,<block=file,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128>,\win10.vhdx>>,element,path >>
662		760
663	Pretty much the same as the previous case, but witzh a bit of variance. First, look for a specific partition on	761	Pretty much the same as the previous case, but with a bit of
664	an MBR-partitioned disk:	762	variance. First, look for a specific partition on an MBR-partitioned disk:
665		763
666	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128	764	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128
667		765
668	Then open the file F<\win10.vhdx> on that partition:	766	Then open the file F<\win10.vhdx> on that partition:
669		767
…		…
675		773
676	And again the windows loader (or whatever is in C<path>) will be searched:	774	And again the windows loader (or whatever is in C<path>) will be searched:
677		775
678	locate=<see above>,element,path	776	locate=<see above>,element,path
679		777
680	=item {b097d2b2-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}block<1>=ramdisk,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128>,0,0,0,\boot.wim	778	=item C<< {b097d2b2-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}block<1>=ramdisk,<partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128>,0,0,0,\boot.wim >>
681		779
682	This is quite different. First, it starts with a GUID. This GUID belongs	780	This is quite different. First, it starts with a GUID. This GUID belongs
683	to a BCD object of type C<device>, which has additional parameters:	781	to a BCD object of type C<device>, which has additional parameters:
684		782
685	"{b097d2b2-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}" : {	783	"{b097d2b2-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}" : {
…		…
688	"ramdisksdidevice" : "partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576",	786	"ramdisksdidevice" : "partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,1048576",
689	"ramdisksdipath" : "\boot.sdi"	787	"ramdisksdipath" : "\boot.sdi"
690	},	788	},
691		789
692	I will not go into many details, but this specifies a (presumably empty)	790	I will not go into many details, but this specifies a (presumably empty)
693	template ramdisk image (F<\boot.sdi>) that is used to initiaolize the	791	template ramdisk image (F<\boot.sdi>) that is used to initialize the
694	ramdisk. The F<\boot.wim> file is then extracted into it. As you cna also	792	ramdisk. The F<\boot.wim> file is then extracted into it. As you can also
695	see, this F<.sdi> file resides on a different C<partition>.	793	see, this F<.sdi> file resides on a different C<partition>.
696		794
697	Continuitn, as always, form the inside out, first this device descriptor	795	Continuing, as always, from the inside out, first this device descriptor
698	finds a specific partition:	796	finds a specific partition:
699		797
700	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128	798	partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,47cbc08a,242643632128
701		799
702	And then specifies a C<ramdisk> image on this partition:	800	And then specifies a C<ramdisk> image on this partition:
…		…
706	I don't know what the purpose of the C<< <1> >> flag value is, but it	804	I don't know what the purpose of the C<< <1> >> flag value is, but it
707	seems to be always there on this kind of entry.	805	seems to be always there on this kind of entry.
708		806
709	If you have some good examples to add here, feel free to mail me.	807	If you have some good examples to add here, feel free to mail me.
710		808
		809	=back
711		810
		811
712	=head1 EDITING BCD DATA STORES	812	=head1 EDITING BCD STORES
713		813
714	The C<edit> and C<parse> subcommands allow you to read a BCD data store	814	The C<edit> and C<parse> subcommands allow you to read a BCD data store
715	and modify it or extract data from it. This is done by exyecuting a series	815	and modify it or extract data from it. This is done by executing a series
716	of "editing instructions" which are explained here.	816	of "editing instructions" which are explained here.
717		817
718	=over	818	=over
719		819
720	=item get I<object> I<element>	820	=item C<get> I<object> I<element>
721		821
722	Reads the BCD element I<element> from the BCD object I<object> and writes	822	Reads the BCD element I<element> from the BCD object I<object> and writes
723	it to standard output, followed by a newline. The I<object> can be a GUID	823	it to standard output, followed by a newline. The I<object> can be a GUID
724	or a human-readable alias, or the special string C<{default}>, which will	824	or a human-readable alias, or the special string C<{default}>, which will
725	refer to the default BCD object.	825	refer to the default BCD object.
726		826
727	Example: find description of the default BCD object.	827	Example: find description of the default BCD object.
728		828
729	pbcdedit parse BCD get "{default}" description	829	pbcdedit parse BCD get "{default}" description
730		830
731	=item set I<object> I<element> I<value>	831	=item C<set> I<object> I<element> I<value>
732		832
733	Similar to C<get>, but sets the element to the given I<value> instead.	833	Similar to C<get>, but sets the element to the given I<value> instead.
734		834
735	Example: change bootmgr default too	835	Example: change the bootmgr default too
736	C<{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}>:	836	C<{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}>:
737		837
738	pbcdedit edit BCD set "{bootmgr}" resumeobject "{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}"	838	pbcdedit edit BCD set "{bootmgr}" default "{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}"
739		839
		840	=item C<del> I<object> I<element>
		841
		842	Similar to C<get>, but removed the BCD element from the specified BCD object.
		843
740	=item eval I<perlcode>	844	=item C<eval> I<perlcode>
741		845
742	This takes the next argument, interprets it as Perl code and	846	This takes the next argument, interprets it as Perl code and
743	evaluates it. This allows you to do more complicated modifications or	847	evaluates it. This allows you to do more complicated modifications or
744	extractions.	848	extractions.
745		849
…		…
764	The example given for C<get>, above, could be expressed like this with	868	The example given for C<get>, above, could be expressed like this with
765	C<eval>:	869	C<eval>:
766		870
767	pbcdedit edit BCD eval 'say $BCD->{$DEFAULT}{description}'	871	pbcdedit edit BCD eval 'say $BCD->{$DEFAULT}{description}'
768		872
769	The example given for C<set> could be expresed like this:	873	The example given for C<set> could be expressed like this:
770		874
771	pbcdedit edit BCD eval '$BCD->{$DEFAULT}{resumeobject} = "{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}"'	875	pbcdedit edit BCD eval '$BCD->{"{bootmgr}"{default} = "{b097d2ad-bc00-11e9-8a9a-525400123456}"'
772		876
773	=item do I<path>	877	=item C<do> I<path>
774		878
775	Similar to C<eval>, above, but instead of using the argument as perl code,	879	Similar to C<eval>, above, but instead of using the argument as perl code,
776	it loads the perl code from the given file and executes it. This makes it	880	it loads the perl code from the given file and executes it. This makes it
777	easier to write more complicated or larger programs.	881	easier to write more complicated or larger programs.
778		882
779	=back	883	=back
780		884
		885
781	=head1 SEE ALSO	886	=head1 SEE ALSO
782		887
783	For ideas on what you can do, and some introductory material, try	888	For ideas on what you can do with BCD stores in
		889	general, and some introductory material, try
784	L<http://www.mistyprojects.co.uk/documents/BCDEdit/index.html>.	890	L<http://www.mistyprojects.co.uk/documents/BCDEdit/index.html>.
785		891
786	For good reference on BCD objects and elements, see Geoff Chappels pages	892	For good reference on which BCD objects and
		893	elements exist, see Geoff Chappell's pages at
787	at L<http://www.geoffchappell.com/notes/windows/boot/bcd/index.htm>.	894	L<http://www.geoffchappell.com/notes/windows/boot/bcd/index.htm>.
788		895
789	=head1 AUTHOR	896	=head1 AUTHOR
790		897
791	Written by Marc A. Lehmann <pbcdedit@schmorp.de>.	898	Written by Marc A. Lehmann L<pbcdedit@schmorp.de>.
792		899
793	=head1 REPORTING BUGS	900	=head1 REPORTING BUGS
794		901
795	Bugs can be reported dorectly tt he author at L<pcbedit@schmorp.de>.	902	Bugs can be reported directly the author at L<pcbedit@schmorp.de>.
796		903
797	=head1 BUGS AND SHORTCOMINGS	904	=head1 BUGS AND SHORTCOMINGS
798		905
799	This should be a module. Of a series of modules, even.	906	This should be a module. Of a series of modules, even.
800		907
801	Registry code should preserve classname and security descriptor data, and	908	Registry code should preserve classname and security descriptor data, and
802	whatever else is necessary to read and write any registry hive file.	909	whatever else is necessary to read and write any registry hive file.
803		910
804	I am also not happy with device descriptors being strings rather than a	911	I am also not happy with device descriptors being strings rather than a
805	data structure, but strings are probably better for command line usage. In	912	data structure, but strings are probably better for command line usage. In
806	any case,. device descriptors could be converted by simply "splitting" at	913	any case, device descriptors could be converted by simply "splitting" at
807	"=" and "," into an array reference, recursively.	914	"=" and "," into an array reference, recursively.
808		915
809	=head1 HOMEPAGE	916	=head1 HOMEPAGE
810		917
811	Original versions of this program can be found at	918	Original versions of this program can be found at
…		…
818	free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent	925	free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent
819	permitted by law.	926	permitted by law.
820		927
821	=cut	928	=cut
822		929
823	BEGIN { require "common/sense.pm"; common::sense->import } # common sense is optional, but recommended	930	# common sense is optional, but recommended
		931	BEGIN { eval { require "common/sense.pm"; } && common::sense->import }
824		932
825	use Data::Dump;	933	no warnings 'portable'; # avoid 32 bit integer warnings
		934
826	use Encode ();	935	use Encode ();
827	use List::Util ();	936	use List::Util ();
828	use IO::Handle ();	937	use IO::Handle ();
829	use Time::HiRes ();	938	use Time::HiRes ();
830		939
…		…
839		948
840	# hack used for debugging	949	# hack used for debugging
841	sub xxd($$) {	950	sub xxd($$) {
842	open my $xxd, "| xxd | sed -e 's/^/\Q$_[0]\E: /'";	951	open my $xxd, "| xxd | sed -e 's/^/\Q$_[0]\E: /'";
843	syswrite $xxd, $_[1];	952	syswrite $xxd, $_[1];
		953	}
		954
		955	# get some meta info on a file (uid, gid, perms)
		956	sub stat_get($) {
		957	[(stat shift)[4, 5, 2]]
		958	}
		959
		960	# set stat info on a file
		961	sub stat_set($$) {
		962	my ($fh_or_path, $stat) = @_;
		963
		964	return unless $stat;
		965	chown $stat->[0], $stat->[1], $fh_or_path;
		966	chmod +($stat->[2] & 07777), $fh_or_path;
844	}	967	}
845		968
846	sub file_load($) {	969	sub file_load($) {
847	my ($path) = @_;	970	my ($path) = @_;
848		971
…		…
853	or die "$path: short read\n";	976	or die "$path: short read\n";
854		977
855	$buf	978	$buf
856	}	979	}
857		980
		981	sub file_save($$;$) {
		982	my ($path, $data, $stat) = @_;
		983
		984	open my $fh, ">:raw", "$path~"
		985	or die "$path~: $!\n";
		986	print $fh $data
		987	or die "$path~: short write\n";
		988	stat_set $fh, $stat;
		989	$fh->sync;
		990	close $fh;
		991
		992	rename "$path~", $path;
		993	}
		994
858	# sources and resources used for this:	995	# sources and resources used for writing pbcdedit
		996	#
859	# registry:	997	# registry:
860	# https://github.com/msuhanov/regf/blob/master/Windows%20registry%20file%20format%20specification.md	998	# https://github.com/msuhanov/regf/blob/master/Windows%20registry%20file%20format%20specification.md
861	# http://amnesia.gtisc.gatech.edu/~moyix/suzibandit.ltd.uk/MSc/	999	# http://amnesia.gtisc.gatech.edu/~moyix/suzibandit.ltd.uk/MSc/
862	# bcd:	1000	# bcd:
863	# http://www.geoffchappell.com/notes/windows/boot/bcd/index.htm	1001	# http://www.geoffchappell.com/notes/windows/boot/bcd/index.htm
…		…
1045	my ($rname, $root) = $decode_key->($rootcell);	1183	my ($rname, $root) = $decode_key->($rootcell);
1046		1184
1047	[$rname, $root]	1185	[$rname, $root]
1048	}	1186	}
1049		1187
1050	# return a binary windows fILETIME struct	1188	# return a binary windows FILETIME struct
1051	sub filetime_now {	1189	sub filetime_now {
1052	my ($s, $ms) = Time::HiRes::gettimeofday;	1190	my ($s, $ms) = Time::HiRes::gettimeofday;
1053		1191
1054	pack "Q<", $s = ($s * 1_000_000 + $ms) * 10 + 116_444_736_000_000_000	1192	pack "Q<", ($s * 1_000_000 + $ms) * 10
		1193	+ 116_444_736_000_000_000 # 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1055	}	1194	}
1056		1195
1057	# encode a registry hive	1196	# encode a registry hive
1058	sub regf_encode($) {	1197	sub regf_encode($) {
1059	my ($hive) = @_;	1198	my ($hive) = @_;
…		…
1062		1201
1063	# the filetime is apparently used to verify log file validity,	1202	# the filetime is apparently used to verify log file validity,
1064	# so by generating a new timestamp the log files *should* automatically	1203	# so by generating a new timestamp the log files *should* automatically
1065	# become invalidated and windows would "self-heal" them.	1204	# become invalidated and windows would "self-heal" them.
1066	# (update: has been verified by reverse engineering)	1205	# (update: has been verified by reverse engineering)
1067	# possibly the fact that the two sequence numbes match might also	1206	# possibly the fact that the two sequence numbers match might also
1068	# make windows think that the hive is not dirty and ignore logs.	1207	# make windows think that the hive is not dirty and ignore logs.
1069	# (update: has been verified by reverse engineering)	1208	# (update: has been verified by reverse engineering)
1070		1209
1071	my $now = filetime_now;	1210	my $now = filetime_now;
1072		1211
…		…
1216		1355
1217	regf_decode file_load $path	1356	regf_decode file_load $path
1218	}	1357	}
1219		1358
1220	# encode and save registry to file	1359	# encode and save registry to file
1221	sub regf_save {	1360	sub regf_save($$;$) {
1222	my ($path, $hive) = @_;	1361	my ($path, $hive, $stat) = @_;
1223		1362
1224	$hive = regf_encode $hive;	1363	$hive = regf_encode $hive;
1225		1364
1226	open my $regf, ">:raw", "$path~"	1365	file_save $path, $hive, $stat;
1227	or die "$path~: $!\n";
1228	print $regf $hive
1229	or die "$path~: short write\n";
1230	$regf->sync;
1231	close $regf;
1232
1233	rename "$path~", $path;
1234	}	1366	}
1235		1367
1236	#############################################################################	1368	#############################################################################
1237	# bcd stuff	1369	# bcd stuff
1238		1370
1239	# human-readable alises for GUID object identifiers	1371	# human-readable aliases for GUID object identifiers
1240	our %bcd_objects = (	1372	our %bcd_objects = (
1241	'{0ce4991b-e6b3-4b16-b23c-5e0d9250e5d9}' => '{emssettings}',	1373	'{0ce4991b-e6b3-4b16-b23c-5e0d9250e5d9}' => '{emssettings}',
1242	'{1afa9c49-16ab-4a5c-4a90-212802da9460}' => '{resumeloadersettings}',	1374	'{1afa9c49-16ab-4a5c-4a90-212802da9460}' => '{resumeloadersettings}',
1243	'{1cae1eb7-a0df-4d4d-9851-4860e34ef535}' => '{default}',	1375	'{1cae1eb7-a0df-4d4d-9851-4860e34ef535}' => '{default}',
1244	'{313e8eed-7098-4586-a9bf-309c61f8d449}' => '{kerneldbgsettings}',	1376	'{313e8eed-7098-4586-a9bf-309c61f8d449}' => '{kerneldbgsettings}',
…		…
1351	sub BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST () { 0x04000000 }	1483	sub BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST () { 0x04000000 }
1352	sub BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER () { 0x05000000 }	1484	sub BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER () { 0x05000000 }
1353	sub BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN () { 0x06000000 }	1485	sub BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN () { 0x06000000 }
1354	sub BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST () { 0x07000000 }	1486	sub BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST () { 0x07000000 }
1355		1487
1356	sub dec_device;
1357	sub enc_device;
1358
1359	sub enc_integer($) {	1488	sub enc_integer($) {
1360	no warnings 'portable'; # ugh
1361	my $value = shift;	1489	my $value = shift;
1362	$value = oct $value if $value =~ /^0[bBxX]/;	1490	$value = oct $value if $value =~ /^0[bBxX]/;
1363	unpack "H*", pack "Q<", $value	1491	unpack "H*", pack "Q<", $value
1364	}	1492	}
		1493
		1494	sub enc_device($$);
		1495	sub dec_device($$);
1365		1496
1366	our %bcde_dec = (	1497	our %bcde_dec = (
1367	BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , \&dec_device,	1498	BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , \&dec_device,
1368	# # for round-trip verification	1499	# # for round-trip verification
1369	# BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , sub {	1500	# BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , sub {
…		…
1375	BCDE_FORMAT_STRING , sub { shift },	1506	BCDE_FORMAT_STRING , sub { shift },
1376	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID , sub { dec_wguid enc_wguid shift },	1507	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID , sub { dec_wguid enc_wguid shift },
1377	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , sub { join " ", map dec_wguid enc_wguid $_, @{+shift} },	1508	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , sub { join " ", map dec_wguid enc_wguid $_, @{+shift} },
1378	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , sub { unpack "Q", pack "a8", pack "H*", shift }, # integer might be 4 or 8 bytes - caused by ms coding bugs	1509	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , sub { unpack "Q", pack "a8", pack "H*", shift }, # integer might be 4 or 8 bytes - caused by ms coding bugs
1379	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , sub { shift eq "00" ? 0 : 1 },	1510	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , sub { shift eq "00" ? 0 : 1 },
1380	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, sub { join " ", unpack "Q*", pack "H*", shift }, # not sure if this cna be 4 bytes	1511	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, sub { join " ", unpack "Q*", pack "H*", shift }, # not sure if this can be 4 bytes
1381	);	1512	);
1382		1513
1383	our %bcde_enc = (	1514	our %bcde_enc = (
1384	BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , sub { binary => enc_device shift },	1515	BCDE_FORMAT_DEVICE , sub { binary => enc_device $_[0], $_[1] },
1385	BCDE_FORMAT_STRING , sub { sz => shift },	1516	BCDE_FORMAT_STRING , sub { sz => shift },
1386	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID , sub { sz => "{" . (dec_guid enc_wguid shift) . "}" },	1517	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID , sub { sz => "{" . (dec_guid enc_wguid shift) . "}" },
1387	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , sub { multi_sz => [map "{" . (dec_guid enc_wguid $_) . "}", split /\s+/, shift ] },	1518	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , sub { multi_sz => [map "{" . (dec_guid enc_wguid $_) . "}", split /\s+/, shift ] },
1388	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , sub { binary => enc_integer shift },	1519	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , sub { binary => enc_integer shift },
1389	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , sub { binary => shift ? "01" : "00" },	1520	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , sub { binary => shift ? "01" : "00" },
1390	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, sub { binary => join "", map enc_integer $_, split /\s+/, shift },	1521	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, sub { binary => join "", map enc_integer $_, split /\s+/, shift },
1391	);	1522	);
1392		1523
1393	# BCD Elements	1524	# BCD Elements
1394	our %bcde = (	1525	our %bcde_byclass = (
		1526	any => {
1395	0x11000001 => 'device',	1527	0x11000001 => 'device',
1396	0x12000002 => 'path',	1528	0x12000002 => 'path',
1397	0x12000004 => 'description',	1529	0x12000004 => 'description',
1398	0x12000005 => 'locale',	1530	0x12000005 => 'locale',
1399	0x14000006 => 'inherit',	1531	0x14000006 => 'inherit',
1400	0x15000007 => 'truncatememory',	1532	0x15000007 => 'truncatememory',
1401	0x14000008 => 'recoverysequence',	1533	0x14000008 => 'recoverysequence',
1402	0x16000009 => 'recoveryenabled',	1534	0x16000009 => 'recoveryenabled',
1403	0x1700000a => 'badmemorylist',	1535	0x1700000a => 'badmemorylist',
1404	0x1600000b => 'badmemoryaccess',	1536	0x1600000b => 'badmemoryaccess',
1405	0x1500000c => 'firstmegabytepolicy',	1537	0x1500000c => 'firstmegabytepolicy',
1406	0x1500000d => 'relocatephysical',	1538	0x1500000d => 'relocatephysical',
1407	0x1500000e => 'avoidlowmemory',	1539	0x1500000e => 'avoidlowmemory',
1408	0x1600000f => 'traditionalkseg',	1540	0x1600000f => 'traditionalkseg',
1409	0x16000010 => 'bootdebug',	1541	0x16000010 => 'bootdebug',
1410	0x15000011 => 'debugtype',	1542	0x15000011 => 'debugtype',
1411	0x15000012 => 'debugaddress',	1543	0x15000012 => 'debugaddress',
1412	0x15000013 => 'debugport',	1544	0x15000013 => 'debugport',
1413	0x15000014 => 'baudrate',	1545	0x15000014 => 'baudrate',
1414	0x15000015 => 'channel',	1546	0x15000015 => 'channel',
1415	0x12000016 => 'targetname',	1547	0x12000016 => 'targetname',
1416	0x16000017 => 'noumex',	1548	0x16000017 => 'noumex',
1417	0x15000018 => 'debugstart',	1549	0x15000018 => 'debugstart',
1418	0x12000019 => 'busparams',	1550	0x12000019 => 'busparams',
1419	0x1500001a => 'hostip',	1551	0x1500001a => 'hostip',
1420	0x1500001b => 'port',	1552	0x1500001b => 'port',
1421	0x1600001c => 'dhcp',	1553	0x1600001c => 'dhcp',
1422	0x1200001d => 'key',	1554	0x1200001d => 'key',
1423	0x1600001e => 'vm',	1555	0x1600001e => 'vm',
1424	0x16000020 => 'bootems',	1556	0x16000020 => 'bootems',
1425	0x15000022 => 'emsport',	1557	0x15000022 => 'emsport',
1426	0x15000023 => 'emsbaudrate',	1558	0x15000023 => 'emsbaudrate',
1427	0x12000030 => 'loadoptions',	1559	0x12000030 => 'loadoptions',
1428	0x16000040 => 'advancedoptions',	1560	0x16000040 => 'advancedoptions',
1429	0x16000041 => 'optionsedit',	1561	0x16000041 => 'optionsedit',
1430	0x15000042 => 'keyringaddress',	1562	0x15000042 => 'keyringaddress',
1431	0x11000043 => 'bootstatdevice',	1563	0x11000043 => 'bootstatdevice',
1432	0x12000044 => 'bootstatfilepath',	1564	0x12000044 => 'bootstatfilepath',
1433	0x16000045 => 'preservebootstat',	1565	0x16000045 => 'preservebootstat',
1434	0x16000046 => 'graphicsmodedisabled',	1566	0x16000046 => 'graphicsmodedisabled',
1435	0x15000047 => 'configaccesspolicy',	1567	0x15000047 => 'configaccesspolicy',
1436	0x16000048 => 'nointegritychecks',	1568	0x16000048 => 'nointegritychecks',
1437	0x16000049 => 'testsigning',	1569	0x16000049 => 'testsigning',
1438	0x1200004a => 'fontpath',	1570	0x1200004a => 'fontpath',
1439	0x1500004b => 'integrityservices',	1571	0x1500004b => 'integrityservices',
1440	0x1500004c => 'volumebandid',	1572	0x1500004c => 'volumebandid',
1441	0x16000050 => 'extendedinput',	1573	0x16000050 => 'extendedinput',
1442	0x15000051 => 'initialconsoleinput',	1574	0x15000051 => 'initialconsoleinput',
1443	0x15000052 => 'graphicsresolution',	1575	0x15000052 => 'graphicsresolution',
1444	0x16000053 => 'restartonfailure',	1576	0x16000053 => 'restartonfailure',
1445	0x16000054 => 'highestmode',	1577	0x16000054 => 'highestmode',
1446	0x16000060 => 'isolatedcontext',	1578	0x16000060 => 'isolatedcontext',
1447	0x15000065 => 'displaymessage',	1579	0x15000065 => 'displaymessage',
1448	0x15000066 => 'displaymessageoverride',	1580	0x15000066 => 'displaymessageoverride',
1449	0x16000068 => 'nobootuxtext',	1581	0x16000068 => 'nobootuxtext',
1450	0x16000069 => 'nobootuxprogress',	1582	0x16000069 => 'nobootuxprogress',
1451	0x1600006a => 'nobootuxfade',	1583	0x1600006a => 'nobootuxfade',
1452	0x1600006b => 'bootuxreservepooldebug',	1584	0x1600006b => 'bootuxreservepooldebug',
1453	0x1600006c => 'bootuxdisabled',	1585	0x1600006c => 'bootuxdisabled',
1454	0x1500006d => 'bootuxfadeframes',	1586	0x1500006d => 'bootuxfadeframes',
1455	0x1600006e => 'bootuxdumpstats',	1587	0x1600006e => 'bootuxdumpstats',
1456	0x1600006f => 'bootuxshowstats',	1588	0x1600006f => 'bootuxshowstats',
1457	0x16000071 => 'multibootsystem',	1589	0x16000071 => 'multibootsystem',
1458	0x16000072 => 'nokeyboard',	1590	0x16000072 => 'nokeyboard',
1459	0x15000073 => 'aliaswindowskey',	1591	0x15000073 => 'aliaswindowskey',
1460	0x16000074 => 'bootshutdowndisabled',	1592	0x16000074 => 'bootshutdowndisabled',
1461	0x15000075 => 'performancefrequency',	1593	0x15000075 => 'performancefrequency',
1462	0x15000076 => 'securebootrawpolicy',	1594	0x15000076 => 'securebootrawpolicy',
1463	0x17000077 => 'allowedinmemorysettings',	1595	0x17000077 => 'allowedinmemorysettings',
1464	0x15000079 => 'bootuxtransitiontime',	1596	0x15000079 => 'bootuxtransitiontime',
1465	0x1600007a => 'mobilegraphics',	1597	0x1600007a => 'mobilegraphics',
1466	0x1600007b => 'forcefipscrypto',	1598	0x1600007b => 'forcefipscrypto',
1467	0x1500007d => 'booterrorux',	1599	0x1500007d => 'booterrorux',
1468	0x1600007e => 'flightsigning',	1600	0x1600007e => 'flightsigning',
1469	0x1500007f => 'measuredbootlogformat',	1601	0x1500007f => 'measuredbootlogformat',
1470	0x15000080 => 'displayrotation',	1602	0x15000080 => 'displayrotation',
1471	0x15000081 => 'logcontrol',	1603	0x15000081 => 'logcontrol',
1472	0x16000082 => 'nofirmwaresync',	1604	0x16000082 => 'nofirmwaresync',
1473	0x11000084 => 'windowssyspart',	1605	0x11000084 => 'windowssyspart',
1474	0x16000087 => 'numlock',	1606	0x16000087 => 'numlock',
1475	0x22000001 => 'bpbstring',	1607	0x26000202 => 'skipffumode',
		1608	0x26000203 => 'forceffumode',
		1609	0x25000510 => 'chargethreshold',
		1610	0x26000512 => 'offmodecharging',
		1611	0x25000aaa => 'bootflow',
		1612	0x45000001 => 'devicetype',
		1613	0x42000002 => 'applicationrelativepath',
		1614	0x42000003 => 'ramdiskdevicerelativepath',
		1615	0x46000004 => 'omitosloaderelements',
		1616	0x47000006 => 'elementstomigrate',
		1617	0x46000010 => 'recoveryos',
		1618	},
		1619	bootapp => {
		1620	0x26000145 => 'enablebootdebugpolicy',
		1621	0x26000146 => 'enablebootorderclean',
		1622	0x26000147 => 'enabledeviceid',
		1623	0x26000148 => 'enableffuloader',
		1624	0x26000149 => 'enableiuloader',
		1625	0x2600014a => 'enablemassstorage',
		1626	0x2600014b => 'enablerpmbprovisioning',
		1627	0x2600014c => 'enablesecurebootpolicy',
		1628	0x2600014d => 'enablestartcharge',
		1629	0x2600014e => 'enableresettpm',
		1630	},
		1631	bootmgr => {
1476	0x24000001 => 'displayorder',	1632	0x24000001 => 'displayorder',
1477	0x21000001 => 'filedevice',
1478	0x21000001 => 'osdevice',
1479	0x25000001 => 'passcount',
1480	0x26000001 => 'pxesoftreboot',
1481	0x22000002 => 'applicationname',
1482	0x24000002 => 'bootsequence',	1633	0x24000002 => 'bootsequence',
1483	0x22000002 => 'filepath',
1484	0x22000002 => 'systemroot',
1485	0x25000002 => 'testmix',
1486	0x26000003 => 'cacheenable',
1487	0x26000003 => 'customsettings',
1488	0x23000003 => 'default',	1634	0x23000003 => 'default',
1489	0x25000003 => 'failurecount',
1490	0x23000003 => 'resumeobject',
1491	0x26000004 => 'failuresenabled',
1492	0x26000004 => 'pae',
1493	0x26000004 => 'stampdisks',
1494	0x25000004 => 'testtofail',
1495	0x25000004 => 'timeout',	1635	0x25000004 => 'timeout',
1496	0x21000005 => 'associatedosdevice',
1497	0x26000005 => 'cacheenable',
1498	0x26000005 => 'resume',	1636	0x26000005 => 'resume',
1499	0x25000005 => 'stridefailcount',
1500	0x26000006 => 'debugoptionenabled',
1501	0x25000006 => 'invcfailcount',
1502	0x23000006 => 'resumeobject',	1637	0x23000006 => 'resumeobject',
1503	0x25000007 => 'bootux',
1504	0x25000007 => 'matsfailcount',
1505	0x24000007 => 'startupsequence',	1638	0x24000007 => 'startupsequence',
1506	0x25000008 => 'bootmenupolicy',
1507	0x25000008 => 'randfailcount',
1508	0x25000009 => 'chckrfailcount',
1509	0x26000010 => 'detecthal',
1510	0x24000010 => 'toolsdisplayorder',	1639	0x24000010 => 'toolsdisplayorder',
1511	0x22000011 => 'kernel',
1512	0x22000012 => 'hal',
1513	0x22000013 => 'dbgtransport',
1514	0x26000020 => 'displaybootmenu',	1640	0x26000020 => 'displaybootmenu',
1515	0x25000020 => 'nx',
1516	0x26000021 => 'noerrordisplay',	1641	0x26000021 => 'noerrordisplay',
1517	0x25000021 => 'pae',
1518	0x21000022 => 'bcddevice',	1642	0x21000022 => 'bcddevice',
1519	0x26000022 => 'winpe',
1520	0x22000023 => 'bcdfilepath',	1643	0x22000023 => 'bcdfilepath',
1521	0x26000024 => 'hormenabled',	1644	0x26000024 => 'hormenabled',
1522	0x26000024 => 'hormenabled',
1523	0x26000024 => 'nocrashautoreboot',
1524	0x26000025 => 'hiberboot',	1645	0x26000025 => 'hiberboot',
1525	0x26000025 => 'lastknowngood',
1526	0x26000026 => 'oslnointegritychecks',
1527	0x22000026 => 'passwordoverride',	1646	0x22000026 => 'passwordoverride',
1528	0x26000027 => 'osltestsigning',
1529	0x22000027 => 'pinpassphraseoverride',	1647	0x22000027 => 'pinpassphraseoverride',
1530	0x26000028 => 'processcustomactionsfirst',	1648	0x26000028 => 'processcustomactionsfirst',
1531	0x27000030 => 'customactions',	1649	0x27000030 => 'customactions',
1532	0x26000030 => 'nolowmem',
1533	0x26000031 => 'persistbootsequence',	1650	0x26000031 => 'persistbootsequence',
1534	0x25000031 => 'removememory',
1535	0x25000032 => 'increaseuserva',
1536	0x26000032 => 'skipstartupsequence',	1651	0x26000032 => 'skipstartupsequence',
1537	0x25000033 => 'perfmem',
1538	0x22000040 => 'fverecoveryurl',	1652	0x22000040 => 'fverecoveryurl',
1539	0x26000040 => 'vga',
1540	0x22000041 => 'fverecoverymessage',	1653	0x22000041 => 'fverecoverymessage',
		1654	},
		1655	device => {
		1656	0x35000001 => 'ramdiskimageoffset',
		1657	0x35000002 => 'ramdisktftpclientport',
		1658	0x31000003 => 'ramdisksdidevice',
		1659	0x32000004 => 'ramdisksdipath',
		1660	0x35000005 => 'ramdiskimagelength',
		1661	0x36000006 => 'exportascd',
		1662	0x35000007 => 'ramdisktftpblocksize',
		1663	0x35000008 => 'ramdisktftpwindowsize',
		1664	0x36000009 => 'ramdiskmcenabled',
		1665	0x3600000a => 'ramdiskmctftpfallback',
		1666	0x3600000b => 'ramdisktftpvarwindow',
		1667	},
		1668	memdiag => {
		1669	0x25000001 => 'passcount',
		1670	0x25000002 => 'testmix',
		1671	0x25000003 => 'failurecount',
		1672	0x26000003 => 'cacheenable',
		1673	0x25000004 => 'testtofail',
		1674	0x26000004 => 'failuresenabled',
		1675	0x25000005 => 'stridefailcount',
		1676	0x26000005 => 'cacheenable',
		1677	0x25000006 => 'invcfailcount',
		1678	0x25000007 => 'matsfailcount',
		1679	0x25000008 => 'randfailcount',
		1680	0x25000009 => 'chckrfailcount',
		1681	},
		1682	ntldr => {
		1683	0x22000001 => 'bpbstring',
		1684	},
		1685	osloader => {
		1686	0x21000001 => 'osdevice',
		1687	0x22000002 => 'systemroot',
		1688	0x23000003 => 'resumeobject',
		1689	0x26000004 => 'stampdisks',
		1690	0x26000010 => 'detecthal',
		1691	0x22000011 => 'kernel',
		1692	0x22000012 => 'hal',
		1693	0x22000013 => 'dbgtransport',
		1694	0x25000020 => 'nx',
		1695	0x25000021 => 'pae',
		1696	0x26000022 => 'winpe',
		1697	0x26000024 => 'nocrashautoreboot',
		1698	0x26000025 => 'lastknowngood',
		1699	0x26000026 => 'oslnointegritychecks',
		1700	0x26000027 => 'osltestsigning',
		1701	0x26000030 => 'nolowmem',
		1702	0x25000031 => 'removememory',
		1703	0x25000032 => 'increaseuserva',
		1704	0x25000033 => 'perfmem',
		1705	0x26000040 => 'vga',
1541	0x26000041 => 'quietboot',	1706	0x26000041 => 'quietboot',
1542	0x26000042 => 'novesa',	1707	0x26000042 => 'novesa',
1543	0x26000043 => 'novga',	1708	0x26000043 => 'novga',
1544	0x25000050 => 'clustermodeaddressing',	1709	0x25000050 => 'clustermodeaddressing',
1545	0x26000051 => 'usephysicaldestination',	1710	0x26000051 => 'usephysicaldestination',
1546	0x25000052 => 'restrictapiccluster',	1711	0x25000052 => 'restrictapiccluster',
1547	0x22000053 => 'evstore',	1712	0x22000053 => 'evstore',
1548	0x26000054 => 'uselegacyapicmode',	1713	0x26000054 => 'uselegacyapicmode',
1549	0x26000060 => 'onecpu',	1714	0x26000060 => 'onecpu',
1550	0x25000061 => 'numproc',	1715	0x25000061 => 'numproc',
1551	0x26000062 => 'maxproc',	1716	0x26000062 => 'maxproc',
1552	0x25000063 => 'configflags',	1717	0x25000063 => 'configflags',
1553	0x26000064 => 'maxgroup',	1718	0x26000064 => 'maxgroup',
1554	0x26000065 => 'groupaware',	1719	0x26000065 => 'groupaware',
1555	0x25000066 => 'groupsize',	1720	0x25000066 => 'groupsize',
1556	0x26000070 => 'usefirmwarepcisettings',	1721	0x26000070 => 'usefirmwarepcisettings',
1557	0x25000071 => 'msi',	1722	0x25000071 => 'msi',
1558	0x25000072 => 'pciexpress',	1723	0x25000072 => 'pciexpress',
1559	0x25000080 => 'safeboot',	1724	0x25000080 => 'safeboot',
1560	0x26000081 => 'safebootalternateshell',	1725	0x26000081 => 'safebootalternateshell',
1561	0x26000090 => 'bootlog',	1726	0x26000090 => 'bootlog',
1562	0x26000091 => 'sos',	1727	0x26000091 => 'sos',
1563	0x260000a0 => 'debug',	1728	0x260000a0 => 'debug',
1564	0x260000a1 => 'halbreakpoint',	1729	0x260000a1 => 'halbreakpoint',
1565	0x260000a2 => 'useplatformclock',	1730	0x260000a2 => 'useplatformclock',
1566	0x260000a3 => 'forcelegacyplatform',	1731	0x260000a3 => 'forcelegacyplatform',
1567	0x260000a4 => 'useplatformtick',	1732	0x260000a4 => 'useplatformtick',
1568	0x260000a5 => 'disabledynamictick',	1733	0x260000a5 => 'disabledynamictick',
1569	0x250000a6 => 'tscsyncpolicy',	1734	0x250000a6 => 'tscsyncpolicy',
1570	0x260000b0 => 'ems',	1735	0x260000b0 => 'ems',
1571	0x250000c0 => 'forcefailure',	1736	0x250000c0 => 'forcefailure',
1572	0x250000c1 => 'driverloadfailurepolicy',	1737	0x250000c1 => 'driverloadfailurepolicy',
1573	0x250000c2 => 'bootmenupolicy',	1738	0x250000c2 => 'bootmenupolicy',
1574	0x260000c3 => 'onetimeadvancedoptions',	1739	0x260000c3 => 'onetimeadvancedoptions',
1575	0x260000c4 => 'onetimeoptionsedit',	1740	0x260000c4 => 'onetimeoptionsedit',
1576	0x250000e0 => 'bootstatuspolicy',	1741	0x250000e0 => 'bootstatuspolicy',
1577	0x260000e1 => 'disableelamdrivers',	1742	0x260000e1 => 'disableelamdrivers',
1578	0x250000f0 => 'hypervisorlaunchtype',	1743	0x250000f0 => 'hypervisorlaunchtype',
1579	0x220000f1 => 'hypervisorpath',	1744	0x220000f1 => 'hypervisorpath',
1580	0x260000f2 => 'hypervisordebug',	1745	0x260000f2 => 'hypervisordebug',
1581	0x250000f3 => 'hypervisordebugtype',	1746	0x250000f3 => 'hypervisordebugtype',
1582	0x250000f4 => 'hypervisordebugport',	1747	0x250000f4 => 'hypervisordebugport',
1583	0x250000f5 => 'hypervisorbaudrate',	1748	0x250000f5 => 'hypervisorbaudrate',
1584	0x250000f6 => 'hypervisorchannel',	1749	0x250000f6 => 'hypervisorchannel',
1585	0x250000f7 => 'bootux',	1750	0x250000f7 => 'bootux',
1586	0x260000f8 => 'hypervisordisableslat',	1751	0x260000f8 => 'hypervisordisableslat',
1587	0x220000f9 => 'hypervisorbusparams',	1752	0x220000f9 => 'hypervisorbusparams',
1588	0x250000fa => 'hypervisornumproc',	1753	0x250000fa => 'hypervisornumproc',
1589	0x250000fb => 'hypervisorrootprocpernode',	1754	0x250000fb => 'hypervisorrootprocpernode',
1590	0x260000fc => 'hypervisoruselargevtlb',	1755	0x260000fc => 'hypervisoruselargevtlb',
1591	0x250000fd => 'hypervisorhostip',	1756	0x250000fd => 'hypervisorhostip',
1592	0x250000fe => 'hypervisorhostport',	1757	0x250000fe => 'hypervisorhostport',
1593	0x250000ff => 'hypervisordebugpages',	1758	0x250000ff => 'hypervisordebugpages',
1594	0x25000100 => 'tpmbootentropy',	1759	0x25000100 => 'tpmbootentropy',
1595	0x22000110 => 'hypervisorusekey',	1760	0x22000110 => 'hypervisorusekey',
1596	0x22000112 => 'hypervisorproductskutype',	1761	0x22000112 => 'hypervisorproductskutype',
1597	0x25000113 => 'hypervisorrootproc',	1762	0x25000113 => 'hypervisorrootproc',
1598	0x26000114 => 'hypervisordhcp',	1763	0x26000114 => 'hypervisordhcp',
1599	0x25000115 => 'hypervisoriommupolicy',	1764	0x25000115 => 'hypervisoriommupolicy',
1600	0x26000116 => 'hypervisorusevapic',	1765	0x26000116 => 'hypervisorusevapic',
1601	0x22000117 => 'hypervisorloadoptions',	1766	0x22000117 => 'hypervisorloadoptions',
1602	0x25000118 => 'hypervisormsrfilterpolicy',	1767	0x25000118 => 'hypervisormsrfilterpolicy',
1603	0x25000119 => 'hypervisormmionxpolicy',	1768	0x25000119 => 'hypervisormmionxpolicy',
1604	0x2500011a => 'hypervisorschedulertype',	1769	0x2500011a => 'hypervisorschedulertype',
1605	0x25000120 => 'xsavepolicy',	1770	0x25000120 => 'xsavepolicy',
1606	0x25000121 => 'xsaveaddfeature0',	1771	0x25000121 => 'xsaveaddfeature0',
1607	0x25000122 => 'xsaveaddfeature1',	1772	0x25000122 => 'xsaveaddfeature1',
1608	0x25000123 => 'xsaveaddfeature2',	1773	0x25000123 => 'xsaveaddfeature2',
1609	0x25000124 => 'xsaveaddfeature3',	1774	0x25000124 => 'xsaveaddfeature3',
1610	0x25000125 => 'xsaveaddfeature4',	1775	0x25000125 => 'xsaveaddfeature4',
1611	0x25000126 => 'xsaveaddfeature5',	1776	0x25000126 => 'xsaveaddfeature5',
1612	0x25000127 => 'xsaveaddfeature6',	1777	0x25000127 => 'xsaveaddfeature6',
1613	0x25000128 => 'xsaveaddfeature7',	1778	0x25000128 => 'xsaveaddfeature7',
1614	0x25000129 => 'xsaveremovefeature',	1779	0x25000129 => 'xsaveremovefeature',
1615	0x2500012a => 'xsaveprocessorsmask',	1780	0x2500012a => 'xsaveprocessorsmask',
1616	0x2500012b => 'xsavedisable',	1781	0x2500012b => 'xsavedisable',
1617	0x2500012c => 'kerneldebugtype',	1782	0x2500012c => 'kerneldebugtype',
1618	0x2200012d => 'kernelbusparams',	1783	0x2200012d => 'kernelbusparams',
1619	0x2500012e => 'kerneldebugaddress',	1784	0x2500012e => 'kerneldebugaddress',
1620	0x2500012f => 'kerneldebugport',	1785	0x2500012f => 'kerneldebugport',
1621	0x25000130 => 'claimedtpmcounter',	1786	0x25000130 => 'claimedtpmcounter',
1622	0x25000131 => 'kernelchannel',	1787	0x25000131 => 'kernelchannel',
1623	0x22000132 => 'kerneltargetname',	1788	0x22000132 => 'kerneltargetname',
1624	0x25000133 => 'kernelhostip',	1789	0x25000133 => 'kernelhostip',
1625	0x25000134 => 'kernelport',	1790	0x25000134 => 'kernelport',
1626	0x26000135 => 'kerneldhcp',	1791	0x26000135 => 'kerneldhcp',
1627	0x22000136 => 'kernelkey',	1792	0x22000136 => 'kernelkey',
1628	0x22000137 => 'imchivename',	1793	0x22000137 => 'imchivename',
1629	0x21000138 => 'imcdevice',	1794	0x21000138 => 'imcdevice',
1630	0x25000139 => 'kernelbaudrate',	1795	0x25000139 => 'kernelbaudrate',
1631	0x22000140 => 'mfgmode',	1796	0x22000140 => 'mfgmode',
1632	0x26000141 => 'event',	1797	0x26000141 => 'event',
1633	0x25000142 => 'vsmlaunchtype',	1798	0x25000142 => 'vsmlaunchtype',
1634	0x25000144 => 'hypervisorenforcedcodeintegrity',	1799	0x25000144 => 'hypervisorenforcedcodeintegrity',
1635	0x26000145 => 'enablebootdebugpolicy',
1636	0x26000146 => 'enablebootorderclean',
1637	0x26000147 => 'enabledeviceid',
1638	0x26000148 => 'enableffuloader',
1639	0x26000149 => 'enableiuloader',
1640	0x2600014a => 'enablemassstorage',
1641	0x2600014b => 'enablerpmbprovisioning',
1642	0x2600014c => 'enablesecurebootpolicy',
1643	0x2600014d => 'enablestartcharge',
1644	0x2600014e => 'enableresettpm',
1645	0x21000150 => 'systemdatadevice',	1800	0x21000150 => 'systemdatadevice',
1646	0x21000151 => 'osarcdevice',	1801	0x21000151 => 'osarcdevice',
1647	0x21000153 => 'osdatadevice',	1802	0x21000153 => 'osdatadevice',
1648	0x21000154 => 'bspdevice',	1803	0x21000154 => 'bspdevice',
1649	0x21000155 => 'bspfilepath',	1804	0x21000155 => 'bspfilepath',
1650	0x26000202 => 'skipffumode',	1805	},
1651	0x26000203 => 'forceffumode',	1806	resume => {
1652	0x25000510 => 'chargethreshold',
1653	0x26000512 => 'offmodecharging',
1654	0x25000aaa => 'bootflow',
1655	0x35000001 => 'ramdiskimageoffset',
1656	0x35000002 => 'ramdisktftpclientport',
1657	0x31000003 => 'ramdisksdidevice',
1658	0x32000004 => 'ramdisksdipath',
1659	0x35000005 => 'ramdiskimagelength',
1660	0x36000006 => 'exportascd',
1661	0x35000007 => 'ramdisktftpblocksize',
1662	0x35000008 => 'ramdisktftpwindowsize',
1663	0x36000009 => 'ramdiskmcenabled',
1664	0x3600000a => 'ramdiskmctftpfallback',
1665	0x3600000b => 'ramdisktftpvarwindow',
1666	0x45000001 => 'devicetype',	1807	0x21000001 => 'filedevice',
		1808	0x22000002 => 'filepath',
		1809	0x26000003 => 'customsettings',
		1810	0x26000004 => 'pae',
		1811	0x21000005 => 'associatedosdevice',
		1812	0x26000006 => 'debugoptionenabled',
		1813	0x25000007 => 'bootux',
		1814	0x25000008 => 'bootmenupolicy',
		1815	0x26000024 => 'hormenabled',
		1816	},
		1817	startup => {
		1818	0x26000001 => 'pxesoftreboot',
1667	0x42000002 => 'applicationrelativepath',	1819	0x22000002 => 'applicationname',
1668	0x42000003 => 'ramdiskdevicerelativepath',	1820	},
1669	0x46000004 => 'omitosloaderelements',
1670	0x47000006 => 'elementstomigrate',
1671	0x46000010 => 'recoveryos',
1672	);	1821	);
1673		1822
1674	our %rbcde = reverse %bcde;	1823	# mask, value => class
		1824	our @bcde_typeclass = (
		1825	[0x00000000, 0x00000000, 'any'],
		1826	[0xf00fffff, 0x1000000a, 'bootapp'],
		1827	[0xf0ffffff, 0x2020000a, 'bootapp'],
		1828	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000001, 'bootmgr'],
		1829	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000002, 'bootmgr'],
		1830	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200001, 'bootmgr'],
		1831	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200002, 'bootmgr'],
		1832	[0xf0f00000, 0x20300000, 'device'],
		1833	[0xf0000000, 0x30000000, 'device'],
		1834	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000005, 'memdiag'],
		1835	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200005, 'memdiag'],
		1836	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000006, 'ntldr'],
		1837	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000007, 'ntldr'],
		1838	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200006, 'ntldr'],
		1839	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200007, 'ntldr'],
		1840	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000003, 'osloader'],
		1841	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200003, 'osloader'],
		1842	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000004, 'resume'],
		1843	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200004, 'resume'],
		1844	[0xf00fffff, 0x10000009, 'startup'],
		1845	[0xf0ffffff, 0x20200009, 'startup'],
		1846	);
1675		1847
		1848	our %rbcde_byclass;
		1849
		1850	while (my ($k, $v) = each %bcde_byclass) {
		1851	$rbcde_byclass{$k} = { reverse %$v };
		1852	}
		1853
		1854	# decodes (numerical elem, type) to name
1676	sub dec_bcde_id($) {	1855	sub dec_bcde_id($$) {
		1856	for my $class (@bcde_typeclass) {
		1857	if (($_[1] & $class->[0]) == $class->[1]) {
		1858	if (my $id = $bcde_byclass{$class->[2]}{$_[0]}) {
		1859	return $id;
		1860	}
		1861	}
		1862	}
		1863
1677	$bcde{$_[0]} // sprintf "custom:%08x", $_[0]	1864	sprintf "custom:%08x", $_[0]
1678	}	1865	}
1679		1866
		1867	# encodes (elem as name, type)
1680	sub enc_bcde_id($) {	1868	sub enc_bcde_id($$) {
1681	$_[0] =~ /^custom:([0-9a-fA-F]{8}$)/	1869	$_[0] =~ /^custom:(?:0x)?([0-9a-fA-F]{8}$)/
1682	? hex $1	1870	and return hex $1;
1683	: $rbcde{$_[0]}	1871
		1872	for my $class (@bcde_typeclass) {
		1873	if (($_[1] & $class->[0]) == $class->[1]) {
		1874	if (my $value = $rbcde_byclass{$class->[2]}{$_[0]}) {
		1875	return $value;
		1876	}
		1877	}
		1878	}
		1879
		1880	undef
1684	}	1881	}
1685		1882
1686	# decode/encode bcd device element - the horror, no documentaion	1883	# decode/encode bcd device element - the horror, no documentaion
1687	# whatsoever, supercomplex, superinconsistent.	1884	# whatsoever, supercomplex, superinconsistent.
1688		1885
…		…
1691	our @part_type = qw(gpt mbr raw);	1888	our @part_type = qw(gpt mbr raw);
1692		1889
1693	our $NULL_DEVICE = "\x00" x 16;	1890	our $NULL_DEVICE = "\x00" x 16;
1694		1891
1695	# biggest bitch to decode, ever	1892	# biggest bitch to decode, ever
1696	# this decoded a device portion after the GUID	1893	# this decodes a device portion after the GUID
1697	sub dec_device_($);	1894	sub dec_device_($$);
1698	sub dec_device_($) {	1895	sub dec_device_($$) {
1699	my ($device) = @_;	1896	my ($device, $type) = @_;
1700		1897
1701	my $res;	1898	my $res;
1702		1899
1703	my ($type, $flags, $length, $pad) = unpack "VVVV", substr $device, 0, 4 * 4, "";	1900	my ($type, $flags, $length, $pad) = unpack "VVVV", substr $device, 0, 4 * 4, "";
1704		1901
…		…
1749		1946
1750	my $partid = $parttype eq "gpt" ? dec_guid $partdata	1947	my $partid = $parttype eq "gpt" ? dec_guid $partdata
1751	: $type eq "partition" ? unpack "Q<", $partdata # byte offset to partition start	1948	: $type eq "partition" ? unpack "Q<", $partdata # byte offset to partition start
1752	: unpack "L<", $partdata; # partition number, one-based	1949	: unpack "L<", $partdata; # partition number, one-based
1753		1950
1754	(my $parent, $device) = dec_device_ $device;	1951	(my $parent, $device) = dec_device_ $device, $type;
1755		1952
1756	$res .= "=";	1953	$res .= "=";
1757	$res .= "<$parent>";	1954	$res .= "<$parent>";
1758	$res .= ",$blocktype,$parttype,$diskid,$partid";	1955	$res .= ",$blocktype,$parttype,$diskid,$partid";
1759		1956
…		…
1779	or die "unsupported file descriptor version '$fver'\n";	1976	or die "unsupported file descriptor version '$fver'\n";
1780		1977
1781	$ftype == 5	1978	$ftype == 5
1782	or die "unsupported file descriptor path type '$type'\n";	1979	or die "unsupported file descriptor path type '$type'\n";
1783		1980
1784	(my $parent, $path) = dec_device_ $path;	1981	(my $parent, $path) = dec_device_ $path, $type;
1785		1982
1786	$path = $dec_path->($path, "file device without path");	1983	$path = $dec_path->($path, "file device without path");
1787		1984
1788	($parent, $path)	1985	($parent, $path)
1789	};	1986	};
…		…
1795		1992
1796	} elsif ($blocktype eq "vhd") {	1993	} elsif ($blocktype eq "vhd") {
1797	$device =~ s/^\x00{20}//s	1994	$device =~ s/^\x00{20}//s
1798	or die "virtualdisk has non-zero fields I don't understand\n";	1995	or die "virtualdisk has non-zero fields I don't understand\n";
1799		1996
1800	(my $parent, $device) = dec_device_ $device;	1997	(my $parent, $device) = dec_device_ $device, $type;
1801		1998
1802	$res .= "=vhd,<$parent>";	1999	$res .= "=vhd,<$parent>";
1803		2000
1804	} elsif ($blocktype eq "ramdisk") {	2001	} elsif ($blocktype eq "ramdisk") {
1805	my ($base, $size, $offset) = unpack "Q< Q< L<", substr $device, 0, 8 + 8 + 4, "";	2002	my ($base, $size, $offset) = unpack "Q< Q< L<", substr $device, 0, 8 + 8 + 4, "";
…		…
1818	my ($mode, $elem, $parent) = unpack "VVV", substr $device, 0, 4 * 3, "";	2015	my ($mode, $elem, $parent) = unpack "VVV", substr $device, 0, 4 * 3, "";
1819		2016
1820	if ($parent) {	2017	if ($parent) {
1821	# not sure why this is an offset - it must come after the path	2018	# not sure why this is an offset - it must come after the path
1822	$parent = substr $device, $parent - 4 * 3 - 4 * 4, 1e9, "";	2019	$parent = substr $device, $parent - 4 * 3 - 4 * 4, 1e9, "";
1823	($parent, my $tail) = dec_device_ $parent;	2020	($parent, my $tail) = dec_device_ $parent, $type;
1824	0 == length $tail	2021	0 == length $tail
1825	or die "trailing data after locate device parent\n";	2022	or die "trailing data after locate device parent\n";
1826	} else {	2023	} else {
1827	$parent = "null";	2024	$parent = "null";
1828	}	2025	}
…		…
1834		2031
1835	if ($mode == 0) { # "Element"	2032	if ($mode == 0) { # "Element"
1836	!length $path	2033	!length $path
1837	or die "device locate mode 0 having non-empty path ($mode, $elem, $path)\n";	2034	or die "device locate mode 0 having non-empty path ($mode, $elem, $path)\n";
1838		2035
1839	$elem = dec_bcde_id $elem;	2036	$elem = dec_bcde_id $elem, $type;
1840	$res .= "element,$elem";	2037	$res .= "element,$elem";
1841		2038
1842	} elsif ($mode == 1) { # "String"	2039	} elsif ($mode == 1) { # "String"
1843	!$elem	2040	!$elem
1844	or die "device locate mode 1 having non-zero element\n";	2041	or die "device locate mode 1 having non-zero element\n";
…		…
1869		2066
1870	($res, $tail)	2067	($res, $tail)
1871	}	2068	}
1872		2069
1873	# decode a full binary BCD device descriptor	2070	# decode a full binary BCD device descriptor
1874	sub dec_device($) {	2071	sub dec_device($$) {
1875	my ($device) = @_;	2072	my ($device, $type) = @_;
1876		2073
1877	$device = pack "H*", $device;	2074	$device = pack "H*", $device;
1878		2075
1879	my $guid = dec_guid substr $device, 0, 16, "";	2076	my $guid = dec_guid substr $device, 0, 16, "";
1880	$guid = $guid eq "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"	2077	$guid = $guid eq "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
1881	? "" : "{$guid}";	2078	? "" : "{$guid}";
1882		2079
1883	eval {	2080	eval {
1884	my ($dev, $tail) = dec_device_ $device;	2081	my ($dev, $tail) = dec_device_ $device, $type;
1885		2082
1886	$tail eq ""	2083	$tail eq ""
1887	or die "unsupported trailing data after device descriptor\n";	2084	or die "unsupported trailing data after device descriptor\n";
1888		2085
1889	"$guid$dev"	2086	"$guid$dev"
…		…
1901		2098
1902	undef	2099	undef
1903	}	2100	}
1904		2101
1905	# encode the device portion after the GUID	2102	# encode the device portion after the GUID
1906	sub enc_device_;	2103	sub enc_device_($$);
1907	sub enc_device_ {	2104	sub enc_device_($$) {
1908	my ($device) = @_;	2105	my ($device, $type) = @_;
1909		2106
1910	my $enc_path = sub {	2107	my $enc_path = sub {
1911	my $path = shift;	2108	my $path = shift;
1912	$path =~ s/\//\\/g;	2109	$path =~ s/\//\\/g;
1913	(Encode::encode "UTF-16LE", $path) . "\x00\x00"	2110	(Encode::encode "UTF-16LE", $path) . "\x00\x00"
…		…
1931		2128
1932	my $parse_parent = sub {	2129	my $parse_parent = sub {
1933	my $parent;	2130	my $parent;
1934		2131
1935	if (s/^<//) {	2132	if (s/^<//) {
1936	($parent, $_) = enc_device_ $_;	2133	($parent, $_) = enc_device_ $_, $type;
1937	s/^>//	2134	s/^>//
1938	or die "$device: syntax error: parent device not followed by '>'\n";	2135	or die "$device: syntax error: parent device not followed by '>'\n";
1939	} else {	2136	} else {
1940	$parent = $NULL_DEVICE;	2137	$parent = $NULL_DEVICE;
1941	}	2138	}
…		…
2029		2226
2030	s/^,//	2227	s/^,//
2031	or die "$_: missing comma after locate parent device\n";	2228	or die "$_: missing comma after locate parent device\n";
2032		2229
2033	if (s/^element,//) {	2230	if (s/^element,//) {
2034	s/^([0-9a-z]+)//i	2231	s/^([0-9a-z:]+)//i
2035	or die "$_ locate element must be either name or 8-digit hex id\n";	2232	or die "$_ locate element must be either name or 8-digit hex id\n";
2036	$elem = enc_bcde_id $1;	2233	$elem = enc_bcde_id $1, $type;
2037	$mode = 0;	2234	$mode = 0;
2038	$path = $enc_path->("");	2235	$path = $enc_path->("");
2039		2236
2040	} elsif (s/^path,//) {	2237	} elsif (s/^path,//) {
2041	$mode = 1;	2238	$mode = 1;
…		…
2108	or die "$_: malformed or missing vmbus interface instance guid\n";	2305	or die "$_: malformed or missing vmbus interface instance guid\n";
2109	my $instance = enc_guid $1;	2306	my $instance = enc_guid $1;
2110		2307
2111	$payload = pack "a16a16x24", $type, $instance;	2308	$payload = pack "a16a16x24", $type, $instance;
2112		2309
		2310	# } elsif ($type eq "udp") {
		2311	# $payload = pack "Va16", 1, "12345678";
		2312
2113	} else {	2313	} else {
2114	die "$type: not a supported device type (binary, null, boot, legacypartition, partition, block, locate)\n";	2314	die "$type: not a supported device type (binary, null, boot, legacypartition, partition, block, locate)\n";
2115	}	2315	}
2116		2316
2117	return (	2317	return (
…		…
2120	);	2320	);
2121	}	2321	}
2122	}	2322	}
2123		2323
2124	# encode a full binary BCD device descriptor	2324	# encode a full binary BCD device descriptor
2125	sub enc_device {	2325	sub enc_device($$) {
2126	my ($device) = @_;	2326	my ($device, $type) = @_;
2127		2327
2128	my $guid = "\x00" x 16;	2328	my $guid = "\x00" x 16;
2129		2329
2130	if ($device =~ s/^\{([A-Za-z0-9\-]+)\}//) {	2330	if ($device =~ s/^\{([A-Za-z0-9\-]+)\}//) {
2131	$guid = enc_guid $1	2331	$guid = enc_guid $1
2132	or die "$device: does not start with valid guid\n";	2332	or die "$device: does not start with valid guid\n";
2133	}	2333	}
2134		2334
2135	my ($descriptor, $tail) = enc_device_ $device;	2335	my ($descriptor, $tail) = enc_device_ $device, $type;
2136		2336
2137	length $tail	2337	length $tail
2138	and die "$device: garbage after device descriptor\n";	2338	and die "$device: garbage after device descriptor\n";
2139		2339
2140	unpack "H*", $guid . $descriptor	2340	unpack "H*", $guid . $descriptor
…		…
2155	$k = $bcd_objects{$k} // $k;	2355	$k = $bcd_objects{$k} // $k;
2156		2356
2157	my $type = $v->{Description}[0]{Type}[1];	2357	my $type = $v->{Description}[0]{Type}[1];
2158		2358
2159	if ($type != $bcd_object_types{$k}) {	2359	if ($type != $bcd_object_types{$k}) {
2160	$type = $bcd_types{$type} // sprintf "0x%08x", $type;	2360	$kv{type} = $bcd_types{$type} // sprintf "0x%08x", $type;
2161	$kv{type} = $type;
2162	}	2361	}
2163		2362
2164	my $elems = $v->{Elements}[1];	2363	my $elems = $v->{Elements}[1];
2165		2364
2166	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$elems) {	2365	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$elems) {
2167	my $k = hex $k;	2366	my $k = hex $k;
2168		2367
2169	my $v = $bcde_dec{$k & BCDE_FORMAT}->($v->[0]{Element}[1]);	2368	my $v = $bcde_dec{$k & BCDE_FORMAT}->($v->[0]{Element}[1], $type);
2170	my $k = dec_bcde_id $k;	2369	my $k = dec_bcde_id $k, $type;
2171		2370
2172	$kv{$k} = $v;	2371	$kv{$k} = $v;
2173	}	2372	}
2174		2373
2175	$bcd{$k} = \%kv;	2374	$bcd{$k} = \%kv;
…		…
2216	my %elem;	2415	my %elem;
2217		2416
2218	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) {	2417	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) {
2219	next if $k eq "type";	2418	next if $k eq "type";
2220		2419
2221	$k = (enc_bcde_id $k) // die "$k: invalid bcde element name or id\n";	2420	$k = (enc_bcde_id $k, $type) // die "$k: invalid bcde element name or id\n";
2222	$elem{sprintf "%08x", $k} = [{	2421	$elem{sprintf "%08x", $k} = [{
2223	Element => [ ($bcde_enc{$k & BCDE_FORMAT} // die "$k: unable to encode unknown bcd element type}")->($v)]	2422	Element => [ ($bcde_enc{$k & BCDE_FORMAT} // die "$k: unable to encode unknown bcd element type}")->($v)]
2224	}];	2423	}];
2225	}	2424	}
2226		2425
…		…
2242	Objects => [undef, \%objects],	2441	Objects => [undef, \%objects],
2243	}]]	2442	}]]
2244	}	2443	}
2245		2444
2246	#############################################################################	2445	#############################################################################
		2446	# edit instructions
2247		2447
2248	sub bcd_edit_eval {	2448	sub bcd_edit_eval {
2249	package pbcdedit;	2449	package pbcdedit;
2250		2450
2251	our ($PATH, $BCD, $DEFAULT);	2451	our ($PATH, $BCD, $DEFAULT);
…		…
2255	}	2455	}
2256		2456
2257	sub bcd_edit {	2457	sub bcd_edit {
2258	my ($path, $bcd, @insns) = @_;	2458	my ($path, $bcd, @insns) = @_;
2259		2459
2260	my $default = $bcd->{"{bootmgr}"}{resumeobject};	2460	my $default = $bcd->{"{bootmgr}"}{default};
2261		2461
2262	# prepare "officially visible" variables	2462	# prepare "officially visible" variables
2263	local $pbcdedit::PATH = $path;	2463	local $pbcdedit::PATH = $path;
2264	local $pbcdedit::BCD = $bcd;	2464	local $pbcdedit::BCD = $bcd;
2265	local $pbcdedit::DEFAULT = $default;	2465	local $pbcdedit::DEFAULT = $default;
…		…
2269		2469
2270	if ($insn eq "get") {	2470	if ($insn eq "get") {
2271	my $object = shift @insns;	2471	my $object = shift @insns;
2272	my $elem = shift @insns;	2472	my $elem = shift @insns;
2273		2473
2274	$object = $default if $object eq "{default}";	2474	$object = $object eq "{default}" ? $default : dec_wguid enc_wguid $object;
2275		2475
2276	print $bcd->{$object}{$elem}, "\n";	2476	print $bcd->{$object}{$elem}, "\n";
2277		2477
2278	} elsif ($insn eq "set") {	2478	} elsif ($insn eq "set") {
2279	my $object = shift @insns;	2479	my $object = shift @insns;
2280	my $elem = shift @insns;	2480	my $elem = shift @insns;
2281	my $value = shift @insns;	2481	my $value = shift @insns;
2282		2482
2283	$object = $default if $object eq "{default}";	2483	$object = $object eq "{default}" ? $default : dec_wguid enc_wguid $object;
2284		2484
2285	$bcd->{$object}{$elem} = $value;	2485	$bcd->{$object}{$elem} = $value;
2286		2486
		2487	} elsif ($insn eq "del") {
		2488	my $object = shift @insns;
		2489	my $elem = shift @insns;
		2490
		2491	$object = $object eq "{default}" ? $default : dec_wguid enc_wguid $object;
		2492
		2493	delete $bcd->{$object}{$elem};
		2494
2287	} elsif ($insn eq "eval") {	2495	} elsif ($insn eq "eval") {
2288	bcd_edit_eval shift @insns;	2496	my $perl = shift @insns;
		2497	bcd_edit_eval "#line 1 'eval'\n$perl";
2289		2498
2290	} elsif ($insn eq "do") {	2499	} elsif ($insn eq "do") {
2291	my $path = shift @insns;	2500	my $path = shift @insns;
2292	my $file = file_load $path;	2501	my $file = file_load $path;
2293	bcd_edit_eval "#line 1 '$path'\n$file";	2502	bcd_edit_eval "#line 1 '$path'\n$file";
2294		2503
2295	} else {	2504	} else {
2296	die "$insn: not a recognized instruction for edit/parse\n";	2505	die "$insn: not a recognized instruction for create/edit/parse\n";
2297	}	2506	}
2298	}	2507	}
2299		2508
2300	}	2509	}
2301		2510
2302	#############################################################################	2511	#############################################################################
		2512	# other utilities
2303		2513
2304	# json to stdout	2514	# json to stdout
2305	sub prjson($) {	2515	sub prjson($) {
2306	print $json_coder->encode ($_[0]);	2516	print $json_coder->encode ($_[0]);
2307	}	2517	}
…		…
2311	my $json;	2521	my $json;
2312	1 while read STDIN, $json, 65536, length $json;	2522	1 while read STDIN, $json, 65536, length $json;
2313	$json_coder->decode ($json)	2523	$json_coder->decode ($json)
2314	}	2524	}
2315		2525
2316	# all subcommands	2526	sub lsblk() {
		2527	my $lsblk = $json_coder->decode (scalar qx<lsblk --json -o PATH,KNAME,MAJ:MIN,TYPE,PTTYPE,PTUUID,PARTUUID,LABEL,FSTYPE>);
		2528
		2529	for my $dev (@{ $lsblk->{blockdevices} }) {
		2530	if ($dev->{type} eq "part") {
		2531
		2532	# lsblk sometimes gives a bogus pttype, so we recreate it here
		2533	$dev->{pttype} = $dev->{ptuuid} =~ /^$RE_GUID\z/
		2534	? "gpt" : "dos";
		2535
		2536	if ($dev->{pttype} eq "gpt") {
		2537	$dev->{bcd_device} = "partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,$dev->{ptuuid},$dev->{partuuid}";
		2538	} elsif ($dev->{pttype} eq "dos") { # why not "mbr" :(
		2539	if ($dev->{partuuid} =~ /^([0-9a-f]{8})-([0-9a-f]{2})\z/i) {
		2540	my ($diskid, $partno) = ($1, hex $2);
		2541	$dev->{bcd_legacy_device} = "legacypartition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,$diskid,$partno";
		2542	if (open my $fh, "/sys/class/block/$dev->{kname}/start") {
		2543	my $start = 512 * readline $fh;
		2544	$dev->{bcd_device} = "partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,$diskid,$start";
		2545	}
		2546	}
		2547	}
		2548	}
		2549	}
		2550
		2551	$lsblk->{blockdevices}
		2552	}
		2553
		2554	sub prdev($$) {
		2555	my ($path, $attribute) = @_;
		2556
		2557	# rather than stat'ing and guessing how devices are encoded, we use lsblk for this
		2558	my $mm = $json_coder->decode (scalar qx<lsblk -d -o MAJ:MIN -J \Q$path\E>)->{blockdevices}[0]{"maj:min"};
		2559
		2560	my $lsblk = lsblk;
		2561
		2562	for my $dev (@$lsblk) {
		2563	if ($dev->{"maj:min"} eq $mm && $dev->{$attribute}) {
		2564	say $dev->{$attribute};
		2565	exit 0;
		2566	}
		2567	}
		2568
		2569	exit 1;
		2570	}
		2571
		2572	#############################################################################
		2573	# command line parser
		2574
2317	our %CMD = (	2575	our %CMD = (
2318	help => sub {	2576	help => sub {
2319	require Pod::Usage;	2577	require Pod::Usage;
2320	Pod::Usage::pod2usage (-verbose => 2);	2578	Pod::Usage::pod2usage (-verbose => 2, -quotes => "none", -noperldoc => 1);
2321	},	2579	},
2322		2580
2323	objects => sub {	2581	objects => sub {
2324	my %rbcd_types = reverse %bcd_types;	2582	my %rbcd_types = reverse %bcd_types;
2325	$_ = sprintf "%08x", $_ for values %rbcd_types;	2583	$_ = sprintf "%08x", $_ for values %rbcd_types;
…		…
2346		2604
2347	print "\n";	2605	print "\n";
2348		2606
2349	printf "%-39s %-23s %s\n", "Object GUID", "Alias", "(Hex) Default Type";	2607	printf "%-39s %-23s %s\n", "Object GUID", "Alias", "(Hex) Default Type";
2350	for my $name (sort keys %rbcd_objects) {	2608	for my $name (sort keys %rbcd_objects) {
2351	my $guid = $rbcd_objects{$name};	2609	my $guid = $rbcd_objects{$name};
2352	my $type = $bcd_object_types{$name};	2610	my $type = $bcd_object_types{$name};
2353	my $tname = $bcd_types{$type};	2611	my $tname = $bcd_types{$type};
2354		2612
2355	$type = $type ? sprintf "(%08x) %s", $type, $tname : "-";	2613	$type = $type ? sprintf "(%08x) %s", $type, $tname : "-";
2356		2614
2357	printf "%-39s %-23s %s\n", $guid, $name, $type;	2615	printf "%-39s %-23s %s\n", $guid, $name, $type;
…		…
2371	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , "guid list",	2629	BCDE_FORMAT_GUID_LIST , "guid list",
2372	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , "integer",	2630	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER , "integer",
2373	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , "boolean",	2631	BCDE_FORMAT_BOOLEAN , "boolean",
2374	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, "integer list",	2632	BCDE_FORMAT_INTEGER_LIST, "integer list",
2375	);	2633	);
2376	my %rbcde = reverse %bcde;
2377	$_ = sprintf "%08x", $_ for values %rbcde;
2378		2634
2379	my %element;	2635	my @element;
2380		2636
		2637	for my $class (sort keys %rbcde_byclass) {
		2638	my $rbcde = $rbcde_byclass{$class};
		2639
2381	unless ($json) {	2640	unless ($json) {
2382	print "\n";	2641	print "\n";
		2642	printf "Elements applicable to class(es): $class\n";
2383	printf "%-9s %-12s %s\n", "Element", "Format", "Name Alias";	2643	printf "%-9s %-12s %s\n", "Element", "Format", "Name Alias";
2384	}	2644	}
2385	for my $name (sort keys %rbcde) {	2645	for my $name (sort keys %$rbcde) {
2386	my $id = $rbcde{$name};	2646	my $id = $rbcde->{$name};
2387	my $format = $format_name{(hex $id) & BCDE_FORMAT};	2647	my $format = $format_name{$id & BCDE_FORMAT};
2388		2648
2389	if ($json) {	2649	if ($json) {
2390	$element{$id} = [$format, $name];	2650	push @element, [$class, $id * 1, $format, $name];
2391	} else {	2651	} else {
		2652	$id = sprintf "%08x", $id;
2392	printf "%-9s %-12s %s\n", $id, $format, $name;	2653	printf "%-9s %-12s %s\n", $id, $format, $name;
		2654	}
2393	}	2655	}
2394	}	2656	}
2395	print "\n" unless $json;	2657	print "\n" unless $json;
2396		2658
2397	prjson {	2659	prjson {
2398	version => $JSON_VERSION,	2660	version => $JSON_VERSION,
2399	element => \%element,	2661	element => \@element,
		2662	class => \@bcde_typeclass,
2400	} if $json;	2663	} if $json;
2401		2664
2402	},	2665	},
2403		2666
2404	export => sub {	2667	export => sub {
…		…
2407		2670
2408	import => sub {	2671	import => sub {
2409	regf_save shift, bcd_encode rdjson;	2672	regf_save shift, bcd_encode rdjson;
2410	},	2673	},
2411		2674
		2675	create => sub {
		2676	my $path = shift;
		2677	my $stat = stat_get $path; # should actually be done at file load time
		2678	my $bcd = { };
		2679	bcd_edit $path, $bcd, @_;
		2680	regf_save $path, bcd_encode $bcd;
		2681	stat_set $path, $stat;
		2682	},
		2683
2412	edit => sub {	2684	edit => sub {
2413	my $path = shift;	2685	my $path = shift;
		2686	my $stat = stat_get $path; # should actually be done at file load time
2414	my $bcd = bcd_decode regf_load $path;	2687	my $bcd = bcd_decode regf_load $path;
2415	bcd_edit $path, $bcd, @_;	2688	bcd_edit $path, $bcd, @_;
2416	regf_save $path, bcd_encode $bcd;	2689	regf_save $path, bcd_encode $bcd;
		2690	stat_set $path, $stat;
2417	},	2691	},
2418		2692
2419	parse => sub {	2693	parse => sub {
2420	my $path = shift;	2694	my $path = shift;
2421	my $bcd = bcd_decode regf_load $path;	2695	my $bcd = bcd_decode regf_load $path;
…		…
2430	"import-regf" => sub {	2704	"import-regf" => sub {
2431	regf_save shift, rdjson;	2705	regf_save shift, rdjson;
2432	},	2706	},
2433		2707
2434	lsblk => sub {	2708	lsblk => sub {
		2709	my $json = $_[0] eq "--json";
		2710
		2711	my $lsblk = lsblk;
		2712
		2713	if ($json) {
		2714	prjson $lsblk;
		2715	} else {
2435	printf "%-10s %-8.8s %-6.6s %-3s %s\n", "DEVICE", "LABEL", "FSTYPE", "PT", "DEVICE DESCRIPTOR";	2716	printf "%-10s %-8.8s %-6.6s %-3s %s\n", "DEVICE", "LABEL", "FSTYPE", "PT", "DEVICE DESCRIPTOR";
2436		2717	for my $dev (@$lsblk) {
2437	my $lsblk = $json_coder->decode (scalar qx<lsblk --json -o PATH,KNAME,TYPE,PTTYPE,PTUUID,PARTUUID,LABEL,FSTYPE>);	2718	for my $bcd ($dev->{bcd_device}, $dev->{bcd_legacy_device}) {
2438
2439	for my $dev (@{ $lsblk->{blockdevices} }) {
2440	my $pr = sub {
2441	printf "%-10s %-8.8s %-6.6s %-3s %s\n",	2719	printf "%-10s %-8.8s %-6.6s %-3s %s\n",
2442	$dev->{path}, $dev->{label}, $dev->{fstype}, $dev->{pttype}, $_[0];	2720	$dev->{path}, $dev->{label}, $dev->{fstype}, $dev->{pttype}, $bcd
2443	};
2444
2445	if ($dev->{type} eq "part") {
2446	if ($dev->{pttype} eq "gpt") {
2447	$pr->("partition=<null>,harddisk,gpt,$dev->{ptuuid},$dev->{partuuid}");
2448	} elsif ($dev->{pttype} eq "dos") { # why not "mbr" :(
2449	if ($dev->{partuuid} =~ /^([0-9a-f]{8})-([0-9a-f]{2})\z/i) {
2450	my ($diskid, $partno) = ($1, hex $2);
2451	$pr->("legacypartition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,$diskid,$partno");
2452	if (open my $fh, "/sys/class/block/$dev->{kname}/start") {
2453	my $start = 512 * readline $fh;
2454	$pr->("partition=<null>,harddisk,mbr,$diskid,$start");
2455	}	2721	if $bcd;
2456	}
2457	}	2722	}
2458	}	2723	}
2459	}	2724	}
2460	},	2725	},
		2726
		2727	"bcd-device" => sub {
		2728	prdev shift, "bcd_device";
		2729	},
		2730
		2731	"bcd-legacy-device" => sub {
		2732	prdev shift, "bcd_legacy_device";
		2733	},
		2734
		2735	version => sub {
		2736	print "\n",
		2737	"PBCDEDIT version $VERSION, copyright 2019 Marc A. Lehmann <pbcdedit\@schmorp.de>.\n",
		2738	"JSON schema version: $JSON_VERSION\n",
		2739	"Licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 3.0, or any later version.\n",
		2740	"\n",
		2741	$CHANGELOG,
		2742	"\n";
		2743	},
2461	);	2744	);
2462		2745
2463	my $cmd = shift;	2746	my $cmd = shift;
2464		2747
2465	unless (exists $CMD{$cmd}) {	2748	unless (exists $CMD{$cmd}) {

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