1 | FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
1 | RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
2 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select |
2 | Meta, Features & Commandline Issues |
3 | single words? |
3 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
4 | Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can |
4 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel |
5 | use the following resource: |
5 | "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be |
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6 | interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :). |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
8 | I use Gentoo, and I have a problem... |
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9 | There are three big problems with Gentoo Linux: first of all, most if |
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10 | not all Gentoo systems are completely broken (missing or mismatched |
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11 | header files, broken compiler etc. are just the tip of the iceberg); |
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12 | secondly, the Gentoo maintainer thinks it is a good idea to add broken |
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13 | patches to the code; and lastly, it should be called Gentoo GNU/Linux. |
8 | |
14 | |
9 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more |
15 | For these reasons, it is impossible to support rxvt-unicode on Gentoo. |
10 | and more. |
16 | Problems appearing on Gentoo systems will usually simply be ignored |
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17 | unless they can be reproduced on non-Gentoo systems. |
11 | |
18 | |
12 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
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13 | pattern: |
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14 | |
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15 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
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16 | |
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17 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination |
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18 | also selects words like the old code. |
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19 | |
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20 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I |
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21 | change/disable it? |
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22 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
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23 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
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24 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
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25 | |
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26 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
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27 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the |
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28 | section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For |
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29 | example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify |
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30 | this perl-ext-common resource: |
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31 | |
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32 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
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33 | |
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34 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
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35 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
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36 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any |
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37 | other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback |
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38 | resource: |
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39 | |
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40 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
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41 | |
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42 | Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
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43 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause |
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44 | extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you |
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45 | can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables |
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46 | always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) |
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47 | after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is |
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48 | a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding |
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49 | conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
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50 | |
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51 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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52 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
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53 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
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54 | |
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55 | When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves |
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56 | xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 |
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57 | and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so. |
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58 | |
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59 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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60 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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61 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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62 | |
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63 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the |
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64 | east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but |
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65 | nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core |
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66 | fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k |
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67 | emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course |
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68 | doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font |
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69 | instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft |
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70 | indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used. |
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71 | |
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72 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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73 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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74 | more memory. |
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75 | |
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76 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), |
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77 | this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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78 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or |
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79 | konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after |
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80 | exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of |
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81 | warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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82 | |
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83 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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84 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: |
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85 | I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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86 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). |
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87 | Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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88 | |
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89 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but |
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90 | in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability |
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91 | limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale |
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92 | support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than |
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93 | C++ itself. |
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94 | |
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95 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write |
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96 | programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to |
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97 | write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large |
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98 | libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is |
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99 | what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config: |
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100 | |
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101 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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102 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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103 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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104 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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105 | |
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106 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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107 | |
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108 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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109 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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110 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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111 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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112 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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113 | |
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114 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in |
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115 | statically), except maybe libX11 :) |
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116 | |
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117 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
19 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
118 | rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with |
20 | Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a |
119 | tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing |
21 | simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these |
120 | programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into |
22 | should give you tabs: |
121 | other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming |
23 | |
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24 | urxvt -pe tabbed |
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25 | |
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26 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed |
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27 | |
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28 | It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window |
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29 | managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow |
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30 | it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed |
122 | "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt) |
31 | or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt |
123 | terminal as an example embedding application. |
32 | (murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application. |
124 | |
33 | |
125 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
34 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
126 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
35 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
127 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. |
36 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When |
128 | When using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the |
37 | using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon. |
129 | daemon. |
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130 | |
38 | |
131 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
39 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
132 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
40 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something |
133 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode. |
41 | you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings |
134 | Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please |
42 | that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by |
135 | download and install the genuine version |
43 | design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be |
136 | (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the |
44 | loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your |
137 | problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific |
45 | characters. |
138 | to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the |
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139 | Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). |
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140 | |
46 | |
141 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
47 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
142 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's |
48 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6 |
143 | also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for |
49 | bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a |
144 | other users that might encounter the same issue. |
50 | kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if |
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51 | full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets |
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52 | worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
145 | |
53 | |
146 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any |
54 | How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way? |
147 | recommendation? |
55 | Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the |
148 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
56 | listening socket and then fork. |
149 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
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150 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling |
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151 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl |
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152 | interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, |
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153 | selection, likely more in the future) depends on it. |
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154 | |
57 | |
155 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" |
58 | How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run urxvtc? |
156 | resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will |
59 | If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and |
157 | result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, |
60 | the daemon isn't running yet, use this script: |
158 | add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. |
61 | |
159 | This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables |
62 | #!/bin/sh |
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63 | urxvtc "$@" |
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64 | if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then |
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65 | urxvtd -q -o -f |
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66 | urxvtc "$@" |
160 | it. |
67 | fi |
161 | |
68 | |
162 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal |
69 | This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2, |
163 | one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
70 | meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and |
164 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot |
71 | re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the |
165 | of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely |
72 | existing daemon. |
166 | used). |
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167 | |
73 | |
168 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this |
74 | How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular |
169 | safe? |
75 | xterm? I need this to decide about setting colours etc. |
170 | Likely not. While I honestly try to make it secure, and am probably |
76 | The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable |
171 | not bad at it, I think it is simply unreasonable to expect all of |
77 | "COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several |
172 | freetype + fontconfig + xft + xlib + perl + ... + rxvt-unicode |
78 | programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this |
173 | itself to all be secure. Also, rxvt-unicode disables some options |
79 | variable to decide whether or not to use colour. |
174 | when it detects that it runs setuid or setgid, which is not nice. |
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175 | Besides, with the embedded perl interpreter the possibility for |
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176 | security problems easily multiplies. |
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177 | |
80 | |
178 | Elevated privileges are only required for utmp and pty operations on |
81 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
179 | some systems (for example, GNU/Linux doesn't need any extra |
82 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
180 | privileges for ptys, but some need it for utmp support). It is |
83 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
181 | planned to mvoe this into a forked handler process, but this is not |
84 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode |
182 | yet done. |
85 | wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) |
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86 | then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from |
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87 | a regular xterm. |
183 | |
88 | |
184 | So, while setuid/setgid operation is supported and not a problem on |
89 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script |
185 | your typical single-user-no-other-logins unix desktop, always |
90 | snippets: |
186 | remember that its an awful lot of code, most of which isn't checked |
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187 | for security issues regularly. |
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188 | |
91 | |
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92 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
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93 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
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94 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
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95 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
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96 | echo -n '^[Z' |
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97 | read term_id |
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98 | stty icanon echo |
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99 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
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100 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
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101 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
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102 | fi |
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103 | fi |
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104 | |
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105 | How do I compile the manual pages on my own? |
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106 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl, |
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107 | one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2xhtml (from Pod::Xhtml). |
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108 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
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109 | |
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110 | Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
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111 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra |
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112 | bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see |
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113 | that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always |
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114 | being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after |
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115 | startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit |
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116 | unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion, |
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117 | iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
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118 | |
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119 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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120 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
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121 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
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122 | |
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123 | When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft |
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124 | and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my |
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125 | libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so. |
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126 | |
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127 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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128 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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129 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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130 | |
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131 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian |
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132 | encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else |
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133 | and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those |
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134 | encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++ |
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135 | compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of |
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136 | memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds |
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137 | a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even |
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138 | when not used. |
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139 | |
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140 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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141 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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142 | more memory. |
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143 | |
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144 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this |
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145 | still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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146 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole |
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147 | (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half |
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148 | a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits |
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149 | out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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150 | |
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151 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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152 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I |
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153 | had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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154 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put |
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155 | even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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156 | |
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157 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in |
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158 | the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits |
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159 | are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and |
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160 | unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself. |
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161 | |
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162 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs |
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163 | in C that use gobs of memory, and certainly possible to write programs |
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164 | in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this |
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165 | is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on |
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166 | my system with a minimal config: |
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167 | |
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168 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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169 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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170 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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171 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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172 | |
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173 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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174 | |
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175 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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176 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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177 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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178 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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179 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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180 | |
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181 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically), |
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182 | except maybe libX11 :) |
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183 | |
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184 | Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues |
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185 | I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong? |
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186 | First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, |
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187 | so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you |
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188 | may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a |
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189 | rite of passage: ... and you failed. |
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190 | |
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191 | Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option |
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192 | descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it! |
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193 | |
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194 | 1. Use transparent mode: |
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195 | |
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196 | Esetroot wallpaper.jpg |
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197 | urxvt -tr -tint red -sh 40 |
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198 | |
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199 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting |
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200 | support, or you are unable to read. This method requires that the |
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201 | background-setting program sets the _XROOTPMAP_ID or ESETROOT_PMAP_ID |
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202 | property. Compatible programs are Esetroot, hsetroot and feh. |
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203 | |
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204 | 2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you |
|
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205 | to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever |
|
|
206 | your picture with gimp or any other tool: |
|
|
207 | |
|
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208 | convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.jpg |
|
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209 | urxvt -pixmap "background.jpg;:root" |
|
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210 | |
|
|
211 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack libAfterImage or |
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212 | GDK-PixBuf support, or you are unable to read. |
|
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213 | |
|
|
214 | 3. Use an ARGB visual: |
|
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215 | |
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216 | urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc |
|
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217 | |
|
|
218 | This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that |
|
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219 | doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't |
|
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220 | there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the |
|
|
221 | necessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but |
|
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222 | that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place. |
|
|
223 | |
|
|
224 | 4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job: |
|
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225 | |
|
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226 | xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \ |
|
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227 | -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000 |
|
|
228 | |
|
|
229 | Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000 |
|
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230 | by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and |
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|
231 | your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces. |
|
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232 | |
|
|
233 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
|
234 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
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235 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal |
|
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236 | use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode |
|
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237 | will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too |
|
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238 | wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent |
|
|
239 | characters. |
|
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240 | |
|
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241 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
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242 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
|
243 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct |
|
|
244 | way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is |
|
|
245 | wrong in these cases). |
|
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246 | |
|
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247 | It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype, |
|
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248 | or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try |
|
|
249 | using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't |
|
|
250 | work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
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251 | |
|
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252 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
|
253 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
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254 | |
|
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255 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
|
256 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings |
|
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257 | ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then |
|
|
258 | make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise |
|
|
259 | rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect: |
|
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260 | |
|
|
261 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
|
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262 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
|
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263 | |
|
|
264 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that? |
|
|
265 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird |
|
|
266 | colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the |
|
|
267 | standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of |
|
|
268 | course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very |
|
|
269 | good reasons. |
|
|
270 | |
|
|
271 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
|
|
272 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will |
|
|
273 | fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features. |
|
|
274 | |
|
|
275 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
|
|
276 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the |
|
|
277 | same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately: |
|
|
278 | |
|
|
279 | printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
|
|
280 | |
|
|
281 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a |
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282 | japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where |
|
|
283 | japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
|
284 | |
|
|
285 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
|
|
286 | |
|
|
287 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
|
|
288 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
|
|
289 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans |
|
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290 | Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to |
|
|
291 | enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
|
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292 | |
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293 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
294 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
295 | |
|
|
296 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
|
|
297 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it |
|
|
298 | is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable |
|
|
299 | antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of |
|
|
300 | memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
|
|
301 | |
|
|
302 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
|
|
303 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
|
|
304 | fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts, |
|
|
305 | because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has |
|
|
306 | antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they |
|
|
307 | look best that way. |
|
|
308 | |
|
|
309 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
|
|
310 | |
|
|
311 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
|
|
312 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the |
|
|
313 | standard foreground colour. |
|
|
314 | |
|
|
315 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text |
|
|
316 | blink when compiled with "--enable-text-blink". Without |
|
|
317 | "--enable-text-blink", the blink attribute will be ignored. |
|
|
318 | |
|
|
319 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity |
|
|
320 | foreground/background colours. |
|
|
321 | |
|
|
322 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colours. |
|
|
323 | |
|
|
324 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colours. |
|
|
325 | |
|
|
326 | I don't like the screen colours. How do I change them? |
|
|
327 | You can change the screen colours at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
|
|
328 | resources (or as long-options). |
|
|
329 | |
|
|
330 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including |
|
|
331 | the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
|
|
332 | |
|
|
333 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
334 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
|
|
335 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
|
|
336 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
|
|
337 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
|
|
338 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
|
|
339 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
|
|
340 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
341 | |
|
|
342 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
|
|
343 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
|
|
344 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
|
|
345 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
|
|
346 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
|
|
347 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
|
|
348 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
|
|
349 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
350 | |
|
|
351 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colours. |
|
|
352 | |
|
|
353 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
354 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
355 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
|
|
356 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
|
|
357 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
358 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
|
|
359 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
|
|
360 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
361 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
362 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
363 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
364 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
365 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
366 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
367 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
368 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
369 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
370 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
371 | |
|
|
372 | They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly". |
|
|
373 | |
|
|
374 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
375 | See next entry. |
|
|
376 | |
|
|
377 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
378 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
379 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your |
|
|
380 | system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to |
|
|
381 | display. |
|
|
382 | |
|
|
383 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
384 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
|
|
385 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't |
|
|
386 | resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial |
|
|
387 | intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe |
|
|
388 | the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct. |
|
|
389 | |
|
|
390 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list, |
|
|
391 | e.g.: |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
394 | |
|
|
395 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font. |
|
|
396 | If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next |
|
|
397 | font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this |
|
|
398 | search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server. |
|
|
399 | |
|
|
400 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
|
|
401 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, |
|
|
402 | which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
403 | |
|
|
404 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
405 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
406 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as |
|
|
407 | it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a |
|
|
408 | japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display. |
|
|
409 | Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese |
|
|
410 | characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first |
|
|
411 | non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese |
|
|
412 | font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font |
|
|
413 | for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font. |
|
|
414 | |
|
|
415 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font |
|
|
416 | list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a |
|
|
417 | preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font |
|
|
418 | first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first. |
|
|
419 | |
|
|
420 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
|
421 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different |
|
|
422 | fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this |
|
|
423 | has been designed yet). |
|
|
424 | |
|
|
425 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can |
|
|
426 | I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
|
427 | |
|
|
428 | How can I make mplayer display video correctly? |
|
|
429 | We are working on it, in the meantime, as a workaround, use something |
|
|
430 | like: |
|
|
431 | |
|
|
432 | urxvt -b 600 -geometry 20x1 -e sh -c 'mplayer -wid $WINDOWID file...' |
|
|
433 | |
|
|
434 | Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction |
|
|
435 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words? |
|
|
436 | If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following |
|
|
437 | setting: |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
|
|
440 | |
|
|
441 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and |
|
|
442 | more. |
|
|
443 | |
|
|
444 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
|
|
445 | pattern: |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
|
|
448 | |
|
|
449 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClick* combination also |
|
|
450 | selects words like the old code. |
|
|
451 | |
|
|
452 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it? |
|
|
453 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
|
|
454 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
|
|
455 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
|
|
456 | |
|
|
457 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
|
|
458 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section |
|
|
459 | PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to |
|
|
460 | disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this |
|
|
461 | perl-ext-common resource: |
|
|
462 | |
|
|
463 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
|
|
464 | |
|
|
465 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
|
|
466 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
|
|
467 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other |
|
|
468 | combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource: |
|
|
469 | |
|
|
470 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
|
|
471 | |
|
|
472 | The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off? |
|
|
473 | See next entry. |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
475 | During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this? |
|
|
476 | These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal |
|
|
477 | circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the |
|
|
478 | line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment, |
|
|
479 | but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in |
|
|
480 | some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly. |
|
|
481 | |
|
|
482 | You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline" |
|
|
483 | extension: |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline |
|
|
486 | |
|
|
487 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
|
|
488 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
|
|
489 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
|
|
490 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of whether and |
|
|
491 | how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
|
|
492 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please |
|
|
493 | report if that helped. |
|
|
494 | |
|
|
495 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
496 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set |
|
|
497 | correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your |
|
|
498 | input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input |
|
|
499 | method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not |
|
|
500 | support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode |
|
|
501 | will continue without an input method. |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
503 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than |
|
|
504 | one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
505 | |
|
|
506 | If it still doesn't work, then maybe your input method doesn't support |
|
|
507 | compose sequences - to fall back to the built-in one, make sure you |
|
|
508 | don't specify an input method via "-im" or "XMODIFIERS". |
|
|
509 | |
|
|
510 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755 |
|
|
511 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
512 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
513 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
514 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet |
|
|
515 | escape character and so on. |
|
|
516 | |
|
|
517 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
|
|
518 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some |
|
|
519 | editors prematurely may leave it active. I've heard that tcsh may use |
|
|
520 | mouse reporting unless it is otherwise specified. A quick check is to |
|
|
521 | see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are pressed. |
|
|
522 | |
|
|
523 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
|
|
524 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the Backspace |
|
|
525 | keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are |
|
|
526 | two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
527 | |
|
|
528 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
529 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one and only |
|
|
530 | correct choice :). |
|
|
531 | |
|
|
532 | It is possible to toggle between "^H" and "^?" with the DECBKM private |
|
|
533 | mode: |
|
|
534 | |
|
|
535 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
536 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
537 | $ echo -n "^[[?67h" |
|
|
538 | |
|
|
539 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
540 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
541 | $ echo -n "^[[?67l" |
|
|
542 | |
|
|
543 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but |
|
|
544 | if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value |
|
|
545 | properly reflects that. |
|
|
546 | |
|
|
547 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
548 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the |
|
|
549 | Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for |
|
|
550 | Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo. |
|
|
551 | |
|
|
552 | Some other Backspace problems: |
|
|
553 | |
|
|
554 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect |
|
|
555 | Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help. |
|
|
556 | |
|
|
557 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
|
|
558 | |
|
|
559 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
|
|
560 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless |
|
|
561 | you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can |
|
|
562 | use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with |
|
|
563 | keysyms. |
|
|
564 | |
|
|
565 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt" |
|
|
566 | |
|
|
567 | URxvt.keysym.Prior: \033[5~ |
|
|
568 | URxvt.keysym.Next: \033[6~ |
|
|
569 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[7~ |
|
|
570 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[8~ |
|
|
571 | URxvt.keysym.Up: \033[A |
|
|
572 | URxvt.keysym.Down: \033[B |
|
|
573 | URxvt.keysym.Right: \033[C |
|
|
574 | URxvt.keysym.Left: \033[D |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
577 | |
|
|
578 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map |
|
|
579 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
580 | F22 == Print |
|
|
581 | F27 == Home |
|
|
582 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
583 | F33 == End |
|
|
584 | F35 == Next |
|
|
585 | |
|
|
586 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
587 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the |
|
|
588 | keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
589 | |
|
|
590 | Terminal Configuration |
|
|
591 | Can I see a typical configuration? |
|
|
592 | The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like |
|
|
593 | that much, but it's least surprise to regular users. |
|
|
594 | |
|
|
595 | As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest |
|
|
596 | time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the |
|
|
597 | author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's |
|
|
598 | certainly not *typical*, but what's typical... |
|
|
599 | |
|
|
600 | URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|' |
|
|
601 | URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx |
|
|
602 | |
|
|
603 | These are just for testing stuff. |
|
|
604 | |
|
|
605 | URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8 |
|
|
606 | URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None |
|
|
607 | |
|
|
608 | This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with |
|
|
609 | the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit |
|
|
610 | type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me |
|
|
611 | with correct-looking fonts. |
|
|
612 | |
|
|
613 | URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt |
|
|
614 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard |
|
|
615 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+) |
|
|
616 | URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\ |
|
|
617 | URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/ |
|
|
618 | URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/ |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library |
|
|
621 | directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I |
|
|
622 | develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I |
|
|
623 | write. |
|
|
624 | |
|
|
625 | The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware |
|
|
626 | and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the |
|
|
627 | relevant file and go to the error line number. |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | URxvt.scrollstyle: plain |
|
|
630 | URxvt.secondaryScroll: true |
|
|
631 | |
|
|
632 | As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the |
|
|
633 | author. The "secondaryScroll" configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen |
|
|
634 | apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's |
|
|
635 | scrollback buffer. |
|
|
636 | |
|
|
637 | URxvt.background: #000000 |
|
|
638 | URxvt.foreground: gray90 |
|
|
639 | URxvt.color7: gray90 |
|
|
640 | URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff |
|
|
641 | URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080 |
|
|
642 | URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0 |
|
|
643 | URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0 |
|
|
644 | |
|
|
645 | Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults, |
|
|
646 | but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set |
|
|
647 | foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the |
|
|
648 | colour 7 matches the default foreground colour. |
|
|
649 | |
|
|
650 | URxvt.underlineColor: yellow |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts, |
|
|
653 | but is mostly a nice effect. |
|
|
654 | |
|
|
655 | URxvt.geometry: 154x36 |
|
|
656 | URxvt.loginShell: false |
|
|
657 | URxvt.meta: ignore |
|
|
658 | URxvt.utmpInhibit: true |
|
|
659 | |
|
|
660 | Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults |
|
|
661 | manually, I can quickly switch them for testing. |
|
|
662 | |
|
|
663 | URxvt.saveLines: 8192 |
|
|
664 | |
|
|
665 | A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really. |
|
|
666 | |
|
|
667 | URxvt.mapAlert: true |
|
|
668 | |
|
|
669 | The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep |
|
|
670 | iconified till people msg me (which beeps). |
|
|
671 | |
|
|
672 | URxvt.visualBell: true |
|
|
673 | |
|
|
674 | The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd. |
|
|
675 | |
|
|
676 | URxvt.insecure: true |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops... |
|
|
679 | |
|
|
680 | URxvt.pastableTabs: false |
|
|
681 | |
|
|
682 | I once thought this is a great idea. |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\ |
|
|
685 | -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\ |
|
|
686 | -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \ |
|
|
687 | [codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \ |
|
|
688 | xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \ |
|
|
689 | xft:Code2000:antialias=false |
|
|
690 | urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15 |
|
|
691 | urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
692 | urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
693 | |
|
|
694 | I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be |
|
|
695 | overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioned above is actually |
|
|
696 | the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally |
|
|
697 | different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless |
|
|
698 | characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from |
|
|
699 | XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so |
|
|
700 | I use it for rare characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use |
|
|
701 | italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with |
|
|
702 | Bitstream Vera anti-aliased. |
|
|
703 | |
|
|
704 | Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of |
|
|
705 | my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal |
|
|
706 | (Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between |
|
|
707 | bold and normal fonts. |
|
|
708 | |
|
|
709 | Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt" |
|
|
710 | class name. That is because I use different configs for different |
|
|
711 | purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and |
|
|
712 | uses these defaults: |
|
|
713 | |
|
|
714 | IRC*title: IRC |
|
|
715 | IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542 |
|
|
716 | IRC*saveLines: 0 |
|
|
717 | IRC*mapAlert: true |
|
|
718 | IRC*font: suxuseuro |
|
|
719 | IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro |
|
|
720 | IRC*colorBD: white |
|
|
721 | IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007 |
|
|
722 | IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007 |
|
|
723 | |
|
|
724 | "Alt-Ctrl-1" and "Alt-Ctrl-2" switch between two different font sizes. |
|
|
725 | "suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while |
|
|
726 | keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated |
|
|
727 | (e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font. |
|
|
728 | |
|
|
729 | The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor |
|
|
730 | "xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname" |
|
|
731 | file for different hosts, for example, on my main desktop, I use: |
|
|
732 | |
|
|
733 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t |
|
|
734 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t |
|
|
735 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t |
|
|
736 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t |
|
|
737 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test |
|
|
738 | |
|
|
739 | The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows |
|
|
740 | in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop |
|
|
741 | immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the |
|
|
742 | same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key |
|
|
743 | combinations :-> |
|
|
744 | |
|
|
745 | Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources? |
|
|
746 | Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X |
|
|
747 | applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads |
|
|
748 | resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
749 | ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read |
|
|
750 | $HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display. |
|
|
751 | |
|
|
752 | If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources |
|
|
753 | are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after |
|
|
754 | every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources). |
|
|
755 | |
|
|
756 | Also consider the form resources have to use: |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | URxvt.resource: value |
|
|
759 | |
|
|
760 | If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of |
|
|
761 | specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it |
|
|
762 | works. If unsure, use the form above. |
|
|
763 | |
189 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
764 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
190 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely |
765 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available |
191 | available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same |
766 | as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often |
192 | problem often arises). |
767 | arises). |
193 | |
768 | |
194 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, |
769 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this |
195 | this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp): |
770 | can be done by simply installing rxvt-unicode on the remote system as |
|
|
771 | well (in case you have a nice package manager ready), or you can install |
|
|
772 | the terminfo database manually like this (with ncurses infocmp. works as |
|
|
773 | user and root): |
196 | |
774 | |
197 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
775 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
198 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
776 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
199 | |
777 | |
200 | ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system, |
778 | One some systems you might need to set $TERMINFO to the full path of |
|
|
779 | $HOME/.terminfo for this to work. |
201 | |
780 | |
202 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
781 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
203 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
782 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
204 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and |
783 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different |
205 | different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen |
784 | colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice |
206 | applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, |
785 | quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though. |
207 | though. |
|
|
208 | |
786 | |
209 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) |
787 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you |
210 | you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or |
788 | can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a |
211 | use a resource to set it: |
789 | resource to set it: |
212 | |
790 | |
213 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
791 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
214 | |
792 | |
215 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also |
793 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace |
216 | replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. |
794 | the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt". |
217 | |
795 | |
|
|
796 | nano fails with "Error opening terminal: rxvt-unicode" |
|
|
797 | This exceptionally confusing and useless error message is printed by |
|
|
798 | nano when it can't find the terminfo database. Nothing is wrong with |
|
|
799 | your terminal, read the previous answer for a solution. |
|
|
800 | |
218 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
801 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
219 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it |
802 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by |
220 | by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
803 | "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
221 | |
804 | |
222 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt. |
805 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt. |
|
|
806 | See next entry. |
|
|
807 | |
223 | I need a termcap file entry. |
808 | I need a termcap file entry. |
224 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or |
809 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating |
225 | operating systems still compile some programs using the |
810 | systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap |
226 | long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) |
811 | library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry |
227 | and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode". |
812 | for "rxvt-unicode". |
228 | |
813 | |
229 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many |
814 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many |
230 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's |
815 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp |
231 | infocmp program like this: |
816 | program like this: |
232 | |
817 | |
233 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
818 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
234 | |
819 | |
235 | Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above: |
820 | Or you could use the termcap entry in doc/etc/rxvt-unicode.termcap, |
|
|
821 | generated by the command above. |
236 | |
822 | |
237 | rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ |
|
|
238 | :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ |
|
|
239 | :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\ |
|
|
240 | :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ |
|
|
241 | :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ |
|
|
242 | :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\ |
|
|
243 | :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\ |
|
|
244 | :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\ |
|
|
245 | :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\ |
|
|
246 | :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\ |
|
|
247 | :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ |
|
|
248 | :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\ |
|
|
249 | :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\ |
|
|
250 | :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\ |
|
|
251 | :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\ |
|
|
252 | :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\ |
|
|
253 | :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ |
|
|
254 | :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\ |
|
|
255 | :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ |
|
|
256 | :vs=\E[?25h: |
|
|
257 | |
|
|
258 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
823 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
259 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
824 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
260 | decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration |
825 | decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration |
261 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file |
826 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among |
262 | (among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
827 | with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
263 | |
828 | |
264 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
829 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
265 | |
830 | |
266 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
831 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
267 | |
832 | |
268 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
833 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
269 | |
834 | |
270 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
835 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
271 | |
836 | |
272 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
837 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
|
|
838 | See next entry. |
|
|
839 | |
273 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
840 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
|
|
841 | See next entry. |
|
|
842 | |
274 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
843 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
275 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
844 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
276 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
845 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
277 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
846 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
278 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
847 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
279 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, |
848 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so |
280 | so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I |
849 | you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in |
281 | log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on |
850 | to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do |
282 | how to do this). |
851 | this). |
283 | |
852 | |
284 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
853 | Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues |
285 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
|
|
286 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
|
|
287 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether |
|
|
288 | and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
|
|
289 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and |
|
|
290 | please report if that helped. |
|
|
291 | |
|
|
292 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
854 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
|
|
855 | See next entry. |
|
|
856 | |
293 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
857 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
294 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character |
858 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but |
295 | but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program |
859 | getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output |
296 | output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale |
860 | is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings. |
297 | settings. |
|
|
298 | |
861 | |
299 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
862 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
300 | programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the |
863 | programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, |
301 | login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the |
864 | while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes |
302 | locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this |
865 | the locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this |
303 | is not going to work. |
866 | is not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems. |
304 | |
867 | |
305 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will |
868 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely |
306 | likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in |
869 | run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your |
307 | your .profile. |
870 | .profile. |
308 | |
871 | |
309 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" |
872 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too |
310 | |
873 | |
311 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification |
874 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not |
312 | not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command |
875 | supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which |
313 | which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale |
876 | displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as |
314 | settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). |
877 | it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays |
315 | If it displays something like: |
878 | something like: |
316 | |
879 | |
317 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
880 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
318 | |
881 | |
319 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
882 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
320 | |
883 | |
321 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly |
884 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then |
322 | then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs |
885 | you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't |
323 | just don't support locales :( |
886 | support locales :( |
324 | |
887 | |
325 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
326 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
327 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
328 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of |
|
|
329 | your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you |
|
|
330 | want to display. |
|
|
331 | |
|
|
332 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
333 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
|
|
334 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that |
|
|
335 | don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the |
|
|
336 | artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it |
|
|
337 | has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain |
|
|
338 | indeed look correct. |
|
|
339 | |
|
|
340 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font |
|
|
341 | list, e.g.: |
|
|
342 | |
|
|
343 | urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
344 | |
|
|
345 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base |
|
|
346 | font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to |
|
|
347 | the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed |
|
|
348 | up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the |
|
|
349 | X-server. |
|
|
350 | |
|
|
351 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
|
|
352 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell |
|
|
353 | size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
354 | |
|
|
355 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
356 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
357 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output |
|
|
358 | is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
359 | first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese |
|
|
360 | font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. |
|
|
361 | Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, |
|
|
362 | so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
363 | look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will |
|
|
364 | still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in |
|
|
365 | the japanese font. |
|
|
366 | |
|
|
367 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your |
|
|
368 | font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font |
|
|
369 | list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a |
|
|
370 | japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font |
|
|
371 | first. |
|
|
372 | |
|
|
373 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
|
374 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using |
|
|
375 | different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no |
|
|
376 | interface for this has been designed yet). |
|
|
377 | |
|
|
378 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see |
|
|
379 | "Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
|
382 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
|
383 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for |
|
|
384 | terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. |
|
|
385 | Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are |
|
|
386 | just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used |
|
|
387 | that redraws adjacent characters. |
|
|
388 | |
|
|
389 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
|
390 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
|
391 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the |
|
|
392 | correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which |
|
|
393 | unfortunately is wrong in these cases). |
|
|
394 | |
|
|
395 | It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, |
|
|
396 | freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you |
|
|
397 | might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If |
|
|
398 | that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
|
399 | |
|
|
400 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
|
401 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
|
402 | |
|
|
403 | On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide. |
|
|
404 | Seems to be a known bug, read |
|
|
405 | <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the |
|
|
406 | following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working: |
|
|
407 | |
|
|
408 | #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x) |
|
|
409 | |
|
|
410 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
411 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not |
|
|
412 | set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported |
|
|
413 | by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and |
|
|
414 | your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose |
|
|
415 | keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), |
|
|
416 | then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method. |
|
|
417 | |
|
|
418 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more |
|
|
419 | than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
420 | |
|
|
421 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO |
|
|
422 | 14755 |
|
|
423 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
424 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
425 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
426 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default |
|
|
427 | telnet escape character and so on. |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
|
430 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal |
|
|
431 | settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these |
|
|
432 | effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and |
|
|
433 | bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate |
|
|
434 | the effect: |
|
|
435 | |
|
|
436 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
|
|
437 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how |
|
|
440 | can I fix that? |
|
|
441 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very |
|
|
442 | weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than |
|
|
443 | the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, |
|
|
444 | of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours |
|
|
445 | without very good reasons. |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
|
|
448 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which |
|
|
449 | will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode |
|
|
450 | features. |
|
|
451 | |
|
|
452 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
453 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined |
|
|
454 | in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements |
|
|
455 | it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" |
|
|
456 | requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
|
|
457 | |
|
|
458 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl |
|
|
459 | nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal |
|
|
460 | representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with |
|
|
461 | respect to standards. |
|
|
462 | |
|
|
463 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" |
|
|
464 | and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t. |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
466 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language |
|
|
467 | apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
|
|
468 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between |
|
|
469 | wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other |
|
|
470 | encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and |
|
|
471 | every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into |
|
|
472 | anything except the current locale encoding. |
|
|
473 | |
|
|
474 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this |
|
|
475 | by carrying their own replacement functions for character set |
|
|
476 | handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or |
|
|
477 | doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the |
|
|
478 | OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal |
|
|
479 | emulator). |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
481 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in |
|
|
482 | the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app |
|
|
483 | to carry complete replacements for them :) |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc. |
|
|
486 | Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst |
|
|
487 | problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem. |
|
|
488 | |
|
|
489 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
|
|
490 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using |
|
|
491 | the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no |
|
|
492 | longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a |
|
|
493 | single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
|
|
494 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as |
|
|
495 | the old libW11 emulation. |
|
|
496 | |
|
|
497 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
|
|
498 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
|
|
499 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
888 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
|
|
889 | See next entry. |
|
|
890 | |
502 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
891 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
503 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, |
892 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no |
504 | and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't |
893 | specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know |
505 | even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to |
894 | about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O. |
506 | terminal I/O. |
|
|
507 | |
895 | |
508 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
896 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
509 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
897 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
510 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
898 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
511 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
899 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
512 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
900 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
513 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own, |
901 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own, |
514 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
902 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
515 | |
903 | |
516 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. |
904 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All |
517 | All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree |
905 | programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the |
518 | in the interpretation of characters. |
906 | interpretation of characters. |
519 | |
907 | |
520 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, |
908 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor |
521 | nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
909 | is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
522 | |
910 | |
523 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
911 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
524 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an |
912 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed |
525 | already-installed locale. Common names for locales are |
913 | locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", |
526 | "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. |
914 | "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. |
527 | "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german") |
915 | "de" or "german") are also common. |
528 | are also common. |
|
|
529 | |
916 | |
530 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
917 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
531 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
918 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
532 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to |
919 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode. |
533 | rxvt-unicode. |
|
|
534 | |
920 | |
535 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you |
921 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start |
536 | start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
922 | rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
537 | |
923 | |
538 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
924 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
539 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
925 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
540 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
926 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
541 | |
927 | |
542 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
928 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
543 | |
929 | |
544 | See also the previous answer. |
930 | See also the previous answer. |
545 | |
931 | |
546 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in |
932 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one |
547 | one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it |
933 | locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g. |
548 | (e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which |
934 | UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first |
549 | first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
935 | switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
550 | |
936 | |
551 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
937 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
552 | xjdic -js |
938 | xjdic -js |
553 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
939 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
554 | |
940 | |
555 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
941 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
556 | except for some locales where character width differs between |
942 | except for some locales where character width differs between program- |
557 | program- and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
943 | and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
558 | |
944 | |
559 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
945 | I have problems getting my input method working. |
560 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has |
946 | Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input |
561 | the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect |
947 | method server. |
562 | immediately: |
|
|
563 | |
948 | |
564 | printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
949 | Here is a checklist: |
565 | |
950 | |
566 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer |
951 | - Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS. |
567 | a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, |
952 | Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS. |
568 | where japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
|
569 | |
953 | |
570 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
954 | - Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your |
|
|
955 | XIM. |
|
|
956 | For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use |
|
|
957 | "ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent. |
571 | |
958 | |
572 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
959 | - Make sure your XIM server is actually running. |
573 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
960 | - Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when |
574 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera |
961 | *starting* rxvt-unicode. |
575 | Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might |
962 | When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2". |
576 | be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
963 | For scim, use "@im=SCIM". You can see what input method servers are |
|
|
964 | running with this command: |
577 | |
965 | |
578 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
966 | xprop -root XIM_SERVERS |
579 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
580 | |
967 | |
|
|
968 | |
|
|
969 | |
581 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
970 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
582 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest |
971 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of |
583 | of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
972 | the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
584 | |
973 | |
585 | URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
974 | URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
586 | |
975 | |
587 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and |
976 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still |
588 | still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not |
977 | use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your |
589 | be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, |
978 | Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" |
590 | as your input method limits you. |
979 | in a normal way then, as your input method limits you. |
591 | |
980 | |
592 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
981 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
593 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
982 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
594 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
983 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
595 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering |
984 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at |
596 | at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally |
985 | exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while |
597 | succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, |
986 | SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes |
598 | however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides |
987 | cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate. |
599 | cooperate. |
|
|
600 | |
988 | |
601 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
989 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
602 | |
990 | |
603 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
991 | Operating Systems / Package Maintaining |
604 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for |
992 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
605 | something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure |
993 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
606 | out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a |
994 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but |
607 | resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no |
995 | unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to |
608 | Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find |
996 | the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine |
609 | a font for your characters. |
997 | version (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode.html>) and try to |
|
|
998 | reproduce the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are |
|
|
999 | specific to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via |
|
|
1000 | the Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). |
610 | |
1001 | |
611 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
1002 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
612 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will |
1003 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a |
613 | use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to |
1004 | bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users |
614 | almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will |
1005 | that might encounter the same issue. |
615 | then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" |
|
|
616 | it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
|
|
617 | |
1006 | |
618 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
1007 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation? |
619 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, |
1008 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
620 | as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to |
1009 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
621 | disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves |
1010 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling |
622 | lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
1011 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter |
|
|
1012 | should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely |
|
|
1013 | more in the future) depends on it. |
623 | |
1014 | |
624 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
1015 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" and "perl-ext" resources |
625 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
1016 | system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful |
626 | fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core |
1017 | behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty |
627 | fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It |
1018 | "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the |
628 | has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author |
1019 | perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it. |
629 | thinks they look best that way. |
|
|
630 | |
1020 | |
631 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
1021 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one |
|
|
1022 | with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
|
|
1023 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of |
|
|
1024 | encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used). |
632 | |
1025 | |
633 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
1026 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe? |
634 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing |
1027 | It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly |
635 | some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. |
1028 | install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now. |
636 | I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise |
|
|
637 | specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt |
|
|
638 | or Shift keys are depressed. |
|
|
639 | |
1029 | |
640 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
1030 | When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork |
641 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using |
1031 | into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some |
642 | the standard foreground colour. |
1032 | systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges |
|
|
1033 | immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep |
|
|
1034 | privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains |
|
|
1035 | things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers). |
643 | |
1036 | |
644 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the |
1037 | This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very |
645 | text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard |
1038 | early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before |
646 | colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be |
1039 | main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should |
647 | ignored. |
1040 | result in very little risk. |
648 | |
1041 | |
649 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set |
1042 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
650 | high-intensity foreground/background colors. |
1043 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in |
|
|
1044 | your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it, |
|
|
1045 | whether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that |
|
|
1046 | wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
651 | |
1047 | |
652 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. |
1048 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor |
|
|
1049 | does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of |
|
|
1050 | wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards. |
653 | |
1051 | |
654 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. |
1052 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and |
|
|
1053 | "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t). |
655 | |
1054 | |
656 | I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? |
1055 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps |
657 | You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
1056 | in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
658 | resources (or as long-options). |
1057 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t |
|
|
1058 | (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without |
|
|
1059 | implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There |
|
|
1060 | simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current |
|
|
1061 | locale encoding. |
659 | |
1062 | |
660 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, |
1063 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by |
661 | including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
1064 | carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with |
|
|
1065 | them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple |
|
|
1066 | conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements |
|
|
1067 | encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator). |
662 | |
1068 | |
663 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
1069 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the |
664 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
1070 | system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry |
665 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
1071 | complete replacements for them :) |
666 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
|
|
667 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
|
|
668 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
|
|
669 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
|
|
670 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
671 | |
1072 | |
672 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
1073 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
673 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
1074 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the |
674 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
1075 | X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer |
675 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
1076 | supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single |
676 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
1077 | font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
677 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
1078 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the |
678 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
1079 | old libW11 emulation. |
679 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
680 | |
1080 | |
681 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described |
1081 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
682 | (not by me) as "pretty girly". |
1082 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
|
|
1083 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
683 | |
1084 | |
684 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
1085 | Character widths are not correct. |
685 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
1086 | urxvt uses the system wcwidth function to know the information about the |
686 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
1087 | width of characters, so on systems with incorrect locale data you will |
687 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
1088 | likely get bad results. Two notorious examples are Solaris 9, where |
688 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
1089 | single-width characters like U+2514 are reported as double-width, and |
689 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
1090 | Darwin 8, where combining chars are reported having width 1. |
690 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
|
|
691 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
692 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
693 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
694 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
695 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
696 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
697 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
698 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
699 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
700 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
701 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
702 | |
1091 | |
703 | How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way? |
1092 | The solution is to upgrade your system or switch to a better one. A |
704 | Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create |
1093 | possibly working workaround is to use a wcwidth implementation like |
705 | the listening socket and then fork. |
|
|
706 | |
1094 | |
707 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
1095 | http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c |
708 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the |
|
|
709 | BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following |
|
|
710 | question) there are two standard values that can be used for |
|
|
711 | Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
712 | |
1096 | |
713 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
714 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only |
|
|
715 | only correct choice :). |
|
|
716 | |
|
|
717 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
|
|
718 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
719 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote |
|
|
720 | shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to |
|
|
721 | CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as |
|
|
722 | your stty setting). |
|
|
723 | |
|
|
724 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
725 | |
|
|
726 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
727 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
728 | $ urxvt |
|
|
729 | |
|
|
730 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
731 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
732 | $ urxvt |
|
|
733 | |
|
|
734 | Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l". |
|
|
735 | |
|
|
736 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
737 | |
|
|
738 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
739 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
740 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
|
|
741 | |
|
|
742 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
743 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
744 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, |
|
|
747 | but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo |
|
|
748 | value properly reflects that. |
|
|
749 | |
|
|
750 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
751 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, |
|
|
752 | the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the |
|
|
753 | vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied |
|
|
754 | termcap/terminfo. |
|
|
755 | |
|
|
756 | Some other Backspace problems: |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) |
|
|
759 | expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for |
|
|
760 | help. |
|
|
761 | |
|
|
762 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
|
|
763 | |
|
|
764 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
|
|
765 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. |
|
|
766 | Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" |
|
|
767 | option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings |
|
|
768 | associated with keysyms. |
|
|
769 | |
|
|
770 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name |
|
|
771 | URxvt" |
|
|
772 | |
|
|
773 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~ |
|
|
774 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~ |
|
|
775 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'> |
|
|
776 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/> |
|
|
777 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;> |
|
|
778 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`> |
|
|
779 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,> |
|
|
780 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.> |
|
|
781 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`> |
|
|
782 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab> |
|
|
783 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return> |
|
|
784 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return> |
|
|
785 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space> |
|
|
786 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up> |
|
|
787 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down> |
|
|
788 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left> |
|
|
789 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right> |
|
|
790 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 > |
|
|
791 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
|
|
792 | URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
|
|
793 | |
|
|
794 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How |
|
|
797 | do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the |
|
|
798 | following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize. |
|
|
799 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
800 | F22 == Print |
|
|
801 | F27 == Home |
|
|
802 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
803 | F33 == End |
|
|
804 | F35 == Next |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
807 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap |
|
|
808 | the keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? |
|
|
811 | I need this to decide about setting colors etc. |
|
|
812 | rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you |
|
|
813 | can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, |
|
|
814 | slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide |
|
|
815 | whether or not to use color. |
|
|
816 | |
|
|
817 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
|
|
818 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
|
|
819 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
|
|
820 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of |
|
|
821 | rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in |
|
|
822 | these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to |
|
|
823 | distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm. |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell |
|
|
826 | script snippets: |
|
|
827 | |
|
|
828 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
|
|
829 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
|
|
830 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
|
|
831 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
|
|
832 | echo -n '^[Z' |
|
|
833 | read term_id |
|
|
834 | stty icanon echo |
|
|
835 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
|
|
836 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
|
|
837 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
|
|
838 | fi |
|
|
839 | fi |
|
|
840 | |
|
|
841 | How do I compile the manual pages for myself? |
|
|
842 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as |
|
|
843 | /usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. |
|
|
844 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
|
|
845 | |
|
|
846 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
|
|
847 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", |
|
|
848 | channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might |
|
|
849 | be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not |
|
|
850 | FAQs :). |
|
|
851 | |
|
|