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Revision 1.32 by root, Thu Jan 19 19:26:30 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.42 by root, Thu Jul 6 19:43:21 2006 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
2	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select	2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
3	single words?	3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
4	Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can	4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel
5	use the following resource:	5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
6		7
7	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
8
9	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more
10	and more.
11
12	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
13	pattern:
14
15	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
16
17	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination
18	also selects words like the old code.
19
20	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
21	change/disable it?
22	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
23	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
24	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
25
26	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
27	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the
28	section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For
29	example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify
30	this perl-ext-common resource:
31
32	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
33
34	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
35	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
36	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any
37	other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback
38	resource:
39
40	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
41
42	Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
43	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause
44	extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you
45	can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables
46	always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS)
47	after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is
48	a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding
49	conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
50
51	text data bss drs rss filename
52	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
53	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
54
55	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves
56	xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11
57	and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
58
59	text data bss drs rss filename
60	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
61	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
62
63	The very large size of the text section is explained by the
64	east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but
65	nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core
66	fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k
67	emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course
68	doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font
69	instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft
70	indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used.
71
72	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
73	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
74	more memory.
75
76	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k),
77	this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
78	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or
79	konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after
80	exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of
81	warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*.
82
83	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
84	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is:
85	I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
86	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me).
87	Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
88
89	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but
90	in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability
91	limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale
92	support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than
93	C++ itself.
94
95	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write
96	programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to
97	write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large
98	libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is
99	what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config:
100
101	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
102	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
103	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
104	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
105
106	And here is rxvt-unicode:
107
108	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
109	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
110	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
111	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
112	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
113
114	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in
115	statically), except maybe libX11 :)
116
117	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?	8	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
118	rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with	9	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
119	tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing	10	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
120	programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into	11	should give you tabs:
121	other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming	12
		13	urxvt -pe tabbed
		14
		15	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		16
		17	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		18	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		19	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
122	"Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt)	20	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
123	terminal as an example embedding application.	21	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
124		22
125	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	23	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
126	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	24	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
127	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	25	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
128	When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the	26	using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
129	daemon.
130		27
131	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	28	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
132	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	29	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
133	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but	30	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
134	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug	31	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
135	to the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the	32	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
136	genuine version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try	33	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
137	to reproduce the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the	34	characters.
138	problems are specific to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should
139	be reported via the Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to
140	report the bug).
141		35
142	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	36	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
143	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	37	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
144	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	38	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
145	other users that might encounter the same issue.	39	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		40	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		41	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
146		42
147	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	43	How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way?
148	recommendation?	44	Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the
149	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now	45	listening socket and then fork.
150	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
151	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
152	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl
153	interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus,
154	selection, likely more in the future) depends on it.
155		46
156	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext"	47	How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run URXVT_NAME@@c?
157	resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will	48	If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and
158	result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory,	49	the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
159	add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file.	50
160	This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables	51	#!/bin/sh
		52	urxvtc "$@"
		53	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		54	urxvtd -q -o -f
		55	urxvtc "$@"
161	it.	56	fi
162		57
163	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	58	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
164	one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with	59	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
165	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot	60	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
166	of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely	61	existing daemon.
167	used).
168		62
169	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this	63	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
170	safe?	64	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable
171	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to	65	"COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several
172	properly install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	66	programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this
		67	variable to decide whether or not to use color.
173		68
174	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will	69	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
175	fork into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling	70	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
176	on some systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop	71	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
177	privileges immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals	72	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
178	that keep privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt,	73	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
179	as it contains things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful"	74	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
180	to attackers).	75	a regular xterm.
181		76
182	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very	77	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
183	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before	78	snippets:
184	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which
185	should result in very little risk.
186		79
		80	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		81	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		82	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		83	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		84	echo -n '^[Z'
		85	read term_id
		86	stty icanon echo
		87	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		88	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		89	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		90	fi
		91	fi
		92
		93	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
		94	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
		95	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. Then go to the doc
		96	subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
		97
		98	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
		99	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
		100	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
		101	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		102	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		103	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		104	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		105	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
		106
		107	text data bss drs rss filename
		108	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
		109	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
		110
		111	When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft
		112	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
		113	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
		114
		115	text data bss drs rss filename
		116	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		117	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		118
		119	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		120	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		121	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		122	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		123	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		124	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		125	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		126	when not used.
		127
		128	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		129	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		130	more memory.
		131
		132	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		133	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		134	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		135	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		136	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		137	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		138
		139	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		140	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		141	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		142	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		143	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		144
		145	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		146	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		147	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		148	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		149
		150	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		151	in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in
		152	C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is
		153	not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my
		154	system with a minimal config:
		155
		156	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		157	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		158	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		159	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		160
		161	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		162
		163	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		164	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		165	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		166	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		167	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		168
		169	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		170	except maybe libX11 :)
		171
		172	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		173	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		174	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode,
		175	so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you
		176	may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a
		177	rite of passage: ... and you failed.
		178
		179	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		180	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		181
		182	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		183
		184	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		185	urxvt -ip -tint red -sh 40
		186
		187	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		188	support, or you are unable to read.
		189
		190	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		191	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		192	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		193
		194	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		195	urxvt -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		196
		197	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or
		198	you are unable to read.
		199
		200	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		201
		202	urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		203
		204	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		205	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		206	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the
		207	neccessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work,
		208	but that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		209
		210	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		211
		212	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		213	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		214
		215	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		216	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		217	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		218
		219	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		220	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		221	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		222	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		223	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		224	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		225	characters.
		226
		227	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		228	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		229	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		230	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		231	wrong in these cases).
		232
		233	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		234	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		235	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		236	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		237
		238	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		239	bounding box data is correct.
		240
		241	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		242	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		243	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		244	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		245	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		246
		247	URxvt.colorBD: white
		248	URxvt.colorIT: green
		249
		250	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		251	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		252	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		253	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		254	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		255	good reasons.
		256
		257	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		258	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		259	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		260
		261	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		262	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		263	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		264
		265	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		266
		267	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		268	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		269	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		270
		271	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		272
		273	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		274	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		275	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		276	Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		277	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		278
		279	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		280	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		281
		282	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		283	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		284	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		285	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		286	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		287
		288	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		289	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		290	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts,
		291	because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		292	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		293	look best that way.
		294
		295	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		296
		297	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		298	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		299	standard foreground colour.
		300
		301	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		302	blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard colours.
		303	Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		304
		305	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		306	foreground/background colors.
		307
		308	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		309
		310	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		311
		312	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		313	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		314	resources (or as long-options).
		315
		316	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		317	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		318
		319	URxvt.color0: #000000
		320	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		321	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		322	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		323	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		324	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		325	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		326	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		327
		328	URxvt.color8: #000054
		329	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		330	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		331	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		332	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		333	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		334	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		335	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		336
		337	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors.
		338
		339	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		340	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		341	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		342	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		343	URxvt.color0: #000000
		344	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		345	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		346	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		347	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		348	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		349	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		350	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		351	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		352	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		353	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		354	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		355	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		356	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		357
		358	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		359
		360	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		361	See next entry.
		362
		363	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		364	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		365	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		366	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		367	display.
		368
		369	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		370	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		371	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		372	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		373	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		374	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		375
		376	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		377	e.g.:
		378
		379	urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		380
		381	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		382	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		383	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		384	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		385
		386	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		387	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		388	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		389
		390	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		391	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		392	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		393	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		394	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		395	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		396	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		397	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		398	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		399	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		400
		401	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		402	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		403	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		404	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		405
		406	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		407	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		408	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		409	has been designed yet).
		410
		411	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		412	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		413
		414	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		415	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		416	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		417	setting:
		418
		419	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		420
		421	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		422	more.
		423
		424	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		425	pattern:
		426
		427	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		428
		429	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination also
		430	selects words like the old code.
		431
		432	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		433	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		434	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		435	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		436
		437	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		438	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		439	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		440	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		441	perl-ext-common resource:
		442
		443	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		444
		445	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		446	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		447	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		448	combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource:
		449
		450	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		451
		452	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		453	See next entry.
		454
		455	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		456	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		457	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		458	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		459	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		460	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		461
		462	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		463	extension:
		464
		465	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		466
		467	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		468	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		469	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		470	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether and
		471	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		472	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		473	report if that helped.
		474
		475	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		476	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		477	correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your
		478	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		479	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		480	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		481	will continue without an input method.
		482
		483	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than
		484	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		485
		486	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		487	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		488	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		489	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		490	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		491	escape character and so on.
		492
		493	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		494	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		495	editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard
		496	that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick
		497	check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
		498	depressed.
		499
		500	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		501	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the BackSpace
		502	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		503	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		504
		505	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		506	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only only
		507	correct choice :).
		508
		509	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
		510	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
		511	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell),
		512	then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in
		513	<termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty
		514	setting).
		515
		516	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
		517
		518	# use Backspace = ^H
		519	$ stty erase ^H
		520	$ urxvt
		521
		522	# use Backspace = ^?
		523	$ stty erase ^?
		524	$ urxvt
		525
		526	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
		527
		528	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		529
		530	# use Backspace = ^H
		531	$ stty erase ^H
		532	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		533
		534	# use Backspace = ^?
		535	$ stty erase ^?
		536	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		537
		538	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		539	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		540	properly reflects that.
		541
		542	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		543	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		544	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		545	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		546
		547	Some other Backspace problems:
		548
		549	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		550	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		551
		552	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		553
		554	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		555	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		556	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		557	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		558	keysyms.
		559
		560	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt"
		561
		562	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		563	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		564	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		565	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		566	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		567	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		568	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		569	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		570	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		571	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		572	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		573	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		574	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		575	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		576	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		577	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		578	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		579	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		580	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		581	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		582
		583	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		584
		585	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		586	KP_Insert == Insert
		587	F22 == Print
		588	F27 == Home
		589	F29 == Prior
		590	F33 == End
		591	F35 == Next
		592
		593	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		594	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		595	keys as required for your particular machine.
		596
		597	Terminal Configuration
		598	Can I see a typical configuration?
		599	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like
		600	that much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		601
		602	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		603	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		604	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's
		605	certainly not *typical*, but what's typical...
		606
		607	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		608	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx
		609
		610	These are just for testing stuff.
		611
		612	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		613	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		614
		615	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		616	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		617	type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me
		618	with correct-looking fonts.
		619
		620	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		621	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		622	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		623	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		624	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		625	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		626
		627	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		628	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		629	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		630	write.
		631
		632	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		633	and tells it to convert pelr error mssages into vi-commands to load the
		634	relevant file and go tot he error line number.
		635
		636	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		637	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		638
		639	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		640	author. The "secondaryScroll" confgiures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		641	apps, like screen, so lines scorlled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		642	scrollback buffer.
		643
		644	URxvt.background: #000000
		645	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		646	URxvt.color7: gray90
		647	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		648	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		649	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		650	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		651
		652	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults,
		653	but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set
		654	foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the
		655	colour 7 matches the default foreground colour.
		656
		657	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		658
		659	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts,
		660	but is mostly a nice effect.
		661
		662	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		663	URxvt.loginShell: false
		664	URxvt.meta: ignore
		665	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		666
		667	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		668	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		669
		670	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		671
		672	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		673
		674	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		675
		676	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		677	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		678
		679	URxvt.visualBell: true
		680
		681	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		682
		683	URxvt.insecure: true
		684
		685	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		686
		687	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		688
		689	I once thought this is a great idea.
		690
		691	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		692	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		693	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		694	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		695	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		696	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		697	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		698	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		699	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		700
		701	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		702	overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioend above is actually
		703	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally
		704	different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless
		705	characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from
		706	XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so
		707	I use it for rare characters, too. Whene ditign sources with vim, I use
		708	italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with
		709	Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		710
		711	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of
		712	my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal
		713	(Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between
		714	bold and normal fonts.
		715
		716	Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt"
		717	class name. Thats because I use different configs for different
		718	purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and
		719	uses these defaults:
		720
		721	IRC*title: IRC
		722	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		723	IRC*saveLines: 0
		724	IRC*mapAlert: true
		725	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		726	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		727	IRC*colorBD: white
		728	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		729	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		730
		731	"Alt-Shift-1" and "Alt-Shift-2" switch between two different font sizes.
		732	"suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while
		733	keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated
		734	(e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		735
		736	The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor
		737	"xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname"
		738	file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use:
		739
		740	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		741	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		742	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		743	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		744	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		745
		746	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		747	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		748	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		749	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		750	combinations :->
		751
		752	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		753	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		754	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		755	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		756	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		757	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		758
		759	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		760	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		761	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		762
		763	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		764
		765	URxvt.resource: value
		766
		767	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		768	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it works.
		769	If unsure, use the form above.
		770
187	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	771	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
188	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	772	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
189	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	773	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
190	problem often arises).	774	arises).
191		775
192	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	776	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
193	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	777	can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):
194		778
195	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	779	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
196	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	780	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
197		781
198	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	782	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
199		783
200	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	784	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
201	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	785	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
202	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	786	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
203	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	787	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
204	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	788	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
205	though.
206		789
207	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	790	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
208	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	791	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
209	use a resource to set it:	792	resource to set it:
210		793
211	URxvt.termName: rxvt	794	URxvt.termName: rxvt
212		795
213	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	796	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
214	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	797	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt".
215		798
216	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	799	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
217	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	800	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
218	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	801	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
219		802
220	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.	803	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt.
		804	See next entry.
		805
221	I need a termcap file entry.	806	I need a termcap file entry.
222	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	807	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
223	operating systems still compile some programs using the	808	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
224	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	809	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
225	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	810	for "rxvt-unicode".
226		811
227	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	812	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases.
228	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	813	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program
229	infocmp program like this:	814	like this:
230		815
231	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	816	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
232		817
233	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	818	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:
234		819
235	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\	820	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
236	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\	821	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
237	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\	822	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
238	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\	823	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
239	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\	824	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
240	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\	825	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
241	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\	826	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
242	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\	827	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
243	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\	828	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
244	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\	829	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
245	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\	830	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
246	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\	831	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
247	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\	832	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
248	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\	833	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
249	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\	834	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
250	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\	835	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
251	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	836	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
252	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	837	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
253	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	838	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
254	:vs=\E[?25h:	839	:vs=\E[?25h:
255		840
256	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	841	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
257	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	842	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
258	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	843	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
259	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	844	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among
260	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	845	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
261		846
262	TERM rxvt-unicode	847	TERM rxvt-unicode
263		848
264	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	849	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
265		850
266	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	851	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
267		852
268	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	853	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
269		854
270	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	855	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		856	See next entry.
		857
271	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	858	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		859	See next entry.
		860
272	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	861	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
273	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	862	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
274	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	863	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
275	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	864	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
276	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)	865	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
277	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	866	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
278	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	867	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
279	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	868	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
280	how to do this).	869	this).
281		870
282	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	871	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
283	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
284	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
285	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
286	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
287	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
288	please report if that helped.
289
290	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	872	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		873	See next entry.
		874
291	Unicode does not seem to work?	875	Unicode does not seem to work?
292	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	876	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
293	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	877	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
294	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	878	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
295	settings.
296		879
297	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	880	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
298	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	881	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the
299	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	882	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale
300	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	883	to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this is not
301	is not going to work.	884	going to work.
302		885
303	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	886	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
304	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	887	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
305	your .profile.	888	.profile.
306		889
307	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	890	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"
308		891
309	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	892	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
310	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	893	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
311	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	894	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
312	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	895	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
313	If it displays something like:	896	something like:
314		897
315	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	898	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
316		899
317	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	900	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
318		901
319	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	902	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
320	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	903	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
321	just don't support locales :(	904	support locales :(
322		905
323	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
324	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
325	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
326	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
327	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
328	want to display.
329
330	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
331	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
332	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
333	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
334	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
335	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
336	indeed look correct.
337
338	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
339	list, e.g.:
340
341	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
342
343	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
344	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
345	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
346	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
347	X-server.
348
349	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
350	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
351	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
352
353	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
354	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
355	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
356	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
357	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
358	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
359	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
360	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
361	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
362	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
363	the japanese font.
364
365	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
366	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
367	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
368	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
369	first.
370
371	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
372	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
373	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
374	interface for this has been designed yet).
375
376	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
377	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
378
379	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
380	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
381	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
382	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
383	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
384	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
385	that redraws adjacent characters.
386
387	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
388	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
389	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
390	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
391	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
392
393	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
394	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
395	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
396	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
397
398	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
399	bounding box data is correct.
400
401	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
402	Seems to be a known bug, read
403	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
404	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
405
406	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
407
408	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
409	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
410	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
411	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
412	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
413	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
414	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
415
416	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
417	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
418
419	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
420	14755
421	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
422	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
423	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
424	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
425	telnet escape character and so on.
426
427	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
428	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
429	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
430	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
431	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
432	the effect:
433
434	URxvt.colorBD: white
435	URxvt.colorIT: green
436
437	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
438	can I fix that?
439	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
440	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
441	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
442	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
443	without very good reasons.
444
445	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
446	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
447	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
448	features.
449
450	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
451	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
452	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
453	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
454	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
455
456	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
457	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
458	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
459	respect to standards.
460
461	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
462	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
463
464	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
465	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
466	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
467	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
468	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
469	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
470	anything except the current locale encoding.
471
472	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
473	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
474	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
475	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
476	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
477	emulator).
478
479	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
480	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
481	to carry complete replacements for them :)
482
483	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
484	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
485	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
486
487	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
488	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
489	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
490	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
491	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
492	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
493	the old libW11 emulation.
494
495	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
496	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
497	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
498
499	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	906	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		907	See next entry.
		908
500	Is there an option to switch encodings?	909	Is there an option to switch encodings?
501	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	910	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
502	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	911	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
503	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	912	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
504	terminal I/O.
505		913
506	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	914	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
507	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	915	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
508	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	916	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
509	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	917	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
510	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	918	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
511	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	919	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own,
512	locale-independent table under all locales).	920	locale-independent table under all locales).
513		921
514	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	922	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
515	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	923	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
516	in the interpretation of characters.	924	interpretation of characters.
517		925
518	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	926	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
519	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	927	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
520		928
521	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	929	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
522	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	930	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
523	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	931	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
524	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	932	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
525	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	933	"de" or "german") are also common.
526	are also common.
527		934
528	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	935	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
529	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	936	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
530	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	937	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
531	rxvt-unicode.
532		938
533	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	939	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
534	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	940	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
535		941
536	Can I switch locales at runtime?	942	Can I switch locales at runtime?
537	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	943	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
538	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	944	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
539		945
540	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	946	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
541		947
542	See also the previous answer.	948	See also the previous answer.
543		949
544	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in	950	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
545	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it	951	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
546	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which	952	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
547	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:	953	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
548		954
549	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	955	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
550	xjdic -js	956	xjdic -js
551	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	957	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
552		958
553	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	959	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
554	except for some locales where character width differs between	960	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
555	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	961	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
556		962
557	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?	963	I have problems getting my input method working.
558	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has	964	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input
559	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect	965	method server.
560	immediately:
561		966
562	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"	967	Here is a checklist:
563		968
564	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer	969	- Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS.
565	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,	970	Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS.
566	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
567		971
568	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.	972	- Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your
		973	XIM.
		974	For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		975	"ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent.
569		976
570	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?	977	- Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
571	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For	978	- Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when
572	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera	979	*starting* rxvt-unicode.
573	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might	980	When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2".
574	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:	981	For scim, use "@im=SCIM". Youc an see what input method servers are
		982	running with this command:
575		983
576	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true	984	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
577	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
578		985
		986
		987
579	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	988	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
580	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	989	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
581	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	990	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
582		991
583	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	992	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
584		993
585	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	994	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
586	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	995	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your
587	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	996	Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP"
588	as your input method limits you.	997	in a normal way then, as your input method limits you.
589		998
590	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	999	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
591	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	1000	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
592	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	1001	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
593	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	1002	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
594	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	1003	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
595	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	1004	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
596	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	1005	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
597	cooperate.
598		1006
599	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	1007	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
600		1008
601	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	1009	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
602	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	1010	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
603	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	1011	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
604	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	1012	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
605	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	1013	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
606	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	1014	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
607	a font for your characters.	1015	version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		1016	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
		1017	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian
		1018	Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
608		1019
609	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	1020	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
610	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	1021	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
611	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	1022	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users
612	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	1023	that might encounter the same issue.
613	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
614	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
615		1024
616	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	1025	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
617	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	1026	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
618	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	1027	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
619	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	1028	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
620	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.	1029	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
		1030	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		1031	more in the future) depends on it.
621		1032
622	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	1033	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" resources
623	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	1034	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
624	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	1035	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
625	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It	1036	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
626	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author	1037	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
627	thinks they look best that way.
628		1038
629	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	1039	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
		1040	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
		1041	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		1042	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
630		1043
631	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	1044	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
632	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	1045	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
633	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	1046	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
634	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
635	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
636	or Shift keys are depressed.
637		1047
638	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	1048	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
639	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	1049	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
640	the standard foreground colour.	1050	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1051	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1052	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1053	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
641		1054
642	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	1055	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
643	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	1056	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
644	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	1057	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
645	ignored.	1058	result in very little risk.
646		1059
647	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	1060	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
648	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	1061	Seems to be a known bug, read
		1062	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
		1063	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
649		1064
650	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	1065	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
651		1066
652	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	1067	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
		1068	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
		1069	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		1070	wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		1071	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
653		1072
654	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	1073	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor
655	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	1074	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
656	resources (or as long-options).	1075	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
657		1076
658	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	1077	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
659	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	1078	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
660		1079
661	URxvt.color0: #000000	1080	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
662	URxvt.color1: #A80000	1081	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
663	URxvt.color2: #00A800	1082	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
664	URxvt.color3: #A8A800	1083	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
665	URxvt.color4: #0000A8	1084	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
666	URxvt.color5: #A800A8	1085	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
667	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8	1086	locale encoding.
668	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
669		1087
670	URxvt.color8: #000054	1088	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
671	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	1089	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
672	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	1090	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
673	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	1091	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
674	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	1092	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
675	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
676	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
677	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
678		1093
679	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	1094	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
680	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	1095	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
		1096	complete replacements for them :)
681		1097
682	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	1098	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
683	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1	1099	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
684	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e	1100	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
685	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
686	URxvt.color0: #000000
687	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
688	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
689	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
690	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
691	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
692	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
693	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
694	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
695	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
696	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
697	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
698	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
699	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
700		1101
701	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?	1102	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
702	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the	1103	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
703	listening socket and then fork.	1104	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
		1105	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
		1106	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
		1107	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
		1108	old libW11 emulation.
704		1109
705	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?	1110	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
706	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the	1111	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
707	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following	1112	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
708	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
709	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
710		1113
711	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
712	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
713	only correct choice :).
714
715	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
716	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
717	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
718	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
719	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
720	your stty setting).
721
722	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
723
724	# use Backspace = ^H
725	$ stty erase ^H
726	$ rxvt
727
728	# use Backspace = ^?
729	$ stty erase ^?
730	$ rxvt
731
732	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
733
734	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
735
736	# use Backspace = ^H
737	$ stty erase ^H
738	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
739
740	# use Backspace = ^?
741	$ stty erase ^?
742	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
743
744	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
745	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
746	value properly reflects that.
747
748	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
749	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
750	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
751	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
752	termcap/terminfo.
753
754	Some other Backspace problems:
755
756	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
757	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
758	help.
759
760	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
761
762	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
763	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
764	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
765	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
766	associated with keysyms.
767
768	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
769	URxvt"
770
771	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
772	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
773	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
774	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
775	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
776	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
777	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
778	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
779	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
780	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
781	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
782	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
783	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
784	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
785	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
786	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
787	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
788	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
789	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
790	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
791
792	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
793
794	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
795	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
796	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
797	KP_Insert == Insert
798	F22 == Print
799	F27 == Home
800	F29 == Prior
801	F33 == End
802	F35 == Next
803
804	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
805	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
806	the keys as required for your particular machine.
807
808	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
809	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
810	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
811	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
812	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
813	whether or not to use color.
814
815	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
816	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
817	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
818	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
819	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
820	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
821	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
822
823	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
824	script snippets:
825
826	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
827	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
828	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
829	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
830	echo -n '^[Z'
831	read term_id
832	stty icanon echo
833	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
834	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
835	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
836	fi
837	fi
838
839	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
840	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
841	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
842	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
843
844	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
845	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
846	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
847	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
848	FAQs :).
849

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