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Revision 1.17 by root, Wed Aug 10 01:44:35 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.59 by sf-exg, Sat Jul 24 14:20:48 2010 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
		3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
		4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel
		5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
		7
		8	I use Gentoo, and I have a problem...
		9	There are three big problems with Gentoo Linux: first of all, most if
		10	not all Gentoo systems are completely broken (missing or mismatched
		11	header files, broken compiler etc. are just the tip of the iceberg);
		12	secondly, the Gentoo maintainer thinks it is a good idea to add broken
		13	patches to the code; and lastly, it should be called Gentoo GNU/Linux.
		14
		15	For these reasons, it is impossible to support rxvt-unicode on Gentoo.
		16	Problems appearing on Gentoo systems will usually simply be ignored
		17	unless they can be reproduced on non-Gentoo systems.
		18
		19	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
		20	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
		21	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
		22	should give you tabs:
		23
		24	urxvt -pe tabbed
		25
		26	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		27
		28	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		29	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		30	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
		31	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
		32	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
		33
2	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	34	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
3	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	35	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
4	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	36	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
		37	using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
5		38
6	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	39	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
7	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	40	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
8	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.	41	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
9	Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please	42	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
10	download and install the genuine version	43	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
11	(<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the	44	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
12	problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific	45	characters.
13	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
14	Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
15		46
16	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	47	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
17	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	48	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
18	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	49	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
19	other users that might encounter the same issue.	50	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		51	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		52	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
20		53
		54	How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way?
		55	Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the
		56	listening socket and then fork.
		57
		58	How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run urxvtc?
		59	If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and
		60	the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
		61
		62	#!/bin/sh
		63	urxvtc "$@"
		64	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		65	urxvtd -q -o -f
		66	urxvtc "$@"
		67	fi
		68
		69	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
		70	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		71	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		72	existing daemon.
		73
		74	How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular
		75	xterm? I need this to decide about setting colours etc.
		76	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable
		77	"COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several
		78	programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this
		79	variable to decide whether or not to use colour.
		80
		81	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
		82	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		83	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		84	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		85	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
		86	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
		87	a regular xterm.
		88
		89	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		90	snippets:
		91
		92	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		93	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		94	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		95	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		96	echo -n '^[Z'
		97	read term_id
		98	stty icanon echo
		99	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		100	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		101	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		102	fi
		103	fi
		104
		105	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
		106	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
		107	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2xhtml (from Pod::Xhtml).
		108	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
		109
		110	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
		111	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
		112	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
		113	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		114	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		115	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		116	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		117	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
		118
		119	text data bss drs rss filename
		120	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
		121	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
		122
		123	When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft
		124	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
		125	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so.
		126
		127	text data bss drs rss filename
		128	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		129	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		130
		131	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		132	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		133	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		134	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		135	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		136	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		137	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		138	when not used.
		139
		140	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		141	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		142	more memory.
		143
		144	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		145	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		146	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		147	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		148	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		149	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		150
		151	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		152	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		153	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		154	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		155	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		156
		157	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		158	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		159	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		160	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		161
		162	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		163	in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in
		164	C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is
		165	not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my
		166	system with a minimal config:
		167
		168	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		169	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		170	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		171	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		172
		173	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		174
		175	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		176	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		177	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		178	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		179	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		180
		181	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		182	except maybe libX11 :)
		183
		184	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		185	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		186	First of all, please address all transparency related issues to Sasha
		187	Vasko at sasha@aftercode.net and do not bug the author about it. Also,
		188	if you can't get it working consider it a rite of passage: ... and you
		189	failed.
		190
		191	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		192	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		193
		194	1. Use transparent mode:
		195
		196	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		197	urxvt -tr -tint red -sh 40
		198
		199	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		200	support, or you are unable to read.
		201
		202	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		203	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		204	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		205
		206	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.jpg
		207	urxvt -pixmap "background.jpg;:root"
		208
		209	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack AfterImage support, or you
		210	are unable to read.
		211
		212	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		213
		214	urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		215
		216	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		217	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		218	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the
		219	necessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but
		220	that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		221
		222	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		223
		224	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		225	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		226
		227	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		228	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		229	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		230
		231	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		232	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		233	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		234	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		235	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		236	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		237	characters.
		238
		239	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		240	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		241	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		242	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		243	wrong in these cases).
		244
		245	It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		246	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		247	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		248	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		249
		250	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		251	bounding box data is correct.
		252
		253	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		254	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		255	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		256	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		257	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		258
		259	URxvt.colorBD: white
		260	URxvt.colorIT: green
		261
		262	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		263	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		264	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		265	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		266	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		267	good reasons.
		268
		269	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		270	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		271	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		272
		273	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		274	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		275	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		276
		277	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		278
		279	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		280	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		281	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		282
		283	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		284
		285	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		286	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		287	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		288	Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		289	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		290
		291	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		292	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		293
		294	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		295	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		296	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		297	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		298	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		299
		300	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		301	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		302	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts,
		303	because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		304	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		305	look best that way.
		306
		307	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		308
		309	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		310	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		311	standard foreground colour.
		312
		313	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		314	blink when compiled with "--enable-text-blink". Without
		315	"--enable-text-blink", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		316
		317	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		318	foreground/background colours.
		319
		320	color0-7 are the low-intensity colours.
		321
		322	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colours.
		323
		324	I don't like the screen colours. How do I change them?
		325	You can change the screen colours at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		326	resources (or as long-options).
		327
		328	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		329	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		330
		331	URxvt.color0: #000000
		332	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		333	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		334	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		335	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		336	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		337	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		338	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		339
		340	URxvt.color8: #000054
		341	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		342	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		343	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		344	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		345	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		346	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		347	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		348
		349	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colours.
		350
		351	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		352	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		353	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		354	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		355	URxvt.color0: #000000
		356	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		357	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		358	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		359	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		360	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		361	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		362	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		363	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		364	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		365	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		366	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		367	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		368	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		369
		370	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		371
		372	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		373	See next entry.
		374
		375	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		376	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		377	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		378	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		379	display.
		380
		381	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		382	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		383	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		384	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		385	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		386	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		387
		388	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		389	e.g.:
		390
		391	urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		392
		393	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		394	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		395	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		396	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		397
		398	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		399	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		400	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		401
		402	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		403	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		404	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		405	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		406	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		407	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		408	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		409	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		410	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		411	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		412
		413	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		414	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		415	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		416	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		417
		418	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		419	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		420	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		421	has been designed yet).
		422
		423	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		424	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		425
		426	How can I make mplayer display video correctly?
		427	We are working on it, in the meantime, as a workaround, use something
		428	like:
		429
		430	urxvt -b 600 -geometry 20x1 -e sh -c 'mplayer -wid $WINDOWID file...'
		431
		432	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		433	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		434	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		435	setting:
		436
		437	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		438
		439	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		440	more.
		441
		442	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		443	pattern:
		444
		445	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		446
		447	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClick* combination also
		448	selects words like the old code.
		449
		450	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		451	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		452	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		453	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		454
		455	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		456	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		457	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		458	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		459	perl-ext-common resource:
		460
		461	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		462
		463	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		464	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		465	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		466	combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource:
		467
		468	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		469
		470	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		471	See next entry.
		472
		473	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		474	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		475	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		476	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		477	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		478	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		479
		480	You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		481	extension:
		482
		483	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		484
		485	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		486	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		487	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		488	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of whether and
		489	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		490	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		491	report if that helped.
		492
		493	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		494	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		495	correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your
		496	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		497	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		498	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		499	will continue without an input method.
		500
		501	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than
		502	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		503
		504	If it still doesn't work, then maybe your input method doesn't support
		505	compose sequences - to fall back to the built-in one, make sure you
		506	don't specify an input method via "-im" or "XMODIFIERS".
		507
		508	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		509	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		510	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		511	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		512	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		513	escape character and so on.
		514
		515	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		516	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		517	editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard
		518	that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick
		519	check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
		520	depressed.
		521
		522	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		523	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the Backspace
		524	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		525	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		526
		527	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		528	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one and only
		529	correct choice :).
		530
		531	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
		532	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
		533	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell),
		534	then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in
		535	<termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty
		536	setting).
		537
		538	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
		539
		540	# use Backspace = ^H
		541	$ stty erase ^H
		542	$ urxvt
		543
		544	# use Backspace = ^?
		545	$ stty erase ^?
		546	$ urxvt
		547
		548	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
		549
		550	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		551
		552	# use Backspace = ^H
		553	$ stty erase ^H
		554	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		555
		556	# use Backspace = ^?
		557	$ stty erase ^?
		558	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		559
		560	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		561	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		562	properly reflects that.
		563
		564	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		565	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		566	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		567	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		568
		569	Some other Backspace problems:
		570
		571	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		572	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		573
		574	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		575
		576	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		577	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		578	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		579	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		580	keysyms.
		581
		582	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt"
		583
		584	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		585	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		586	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		587	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		588	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		589	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		590	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		591	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		592	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		593	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		594	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		595	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		596	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		597	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		598	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		599	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		600	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		601	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		602	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		603	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		604
		605	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		606
		607	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		608	KP_Insert == Insert
		609	F22 == Print
		610	F27 == Home
		611	F29 == Prior
		612	F33 == End
		613	F35 == Next
		614
		615	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		616	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		617	keys as required for your particular machine.
		618
		619	Terminal Configuration
		620	Can I see a typical configuration?
		621	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like
		622	that much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		623
		624	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		625	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		626	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's
		627	certainly not *typical*, but what's typical...
		628
		629	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		630	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx
		631
		632	These are just for testing stuff.
		633
		634	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		635	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		636
		637	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		638	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		639	type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me
		640	with correct-looking fonts.
		641
		642	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		643	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		644	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		645	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		646	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		647	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		648
		649	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		650	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		651	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		652	write.
		653
		654	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		655	and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the
		656	relevant file and go to the error line number.
		657
		658	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		659	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		660
		661	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		662	author. The "secondaryScroll" configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		663	apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		664	scrollback buffer.
		665
		666	URxvt.background: #000000
		667	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		668	URxvt.color7: gray90
		669	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		670	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		671	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		672	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		673
		674	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults,
		675	but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set
		676	foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the
		677	colour 7 matches the default foreground colour.
		678
		679	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		680
		681	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts,
		682	but is mostly a nice effect.
		683
		684	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		685	URxvt.loginShell: false
		686	URxvt.meta: ignore
		687	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		688
		689	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		690	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		691
		692	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		693
		694	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		695
		696	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		697
		698	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		699	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		700
		701	URxvt.visualBell: true
		702
		703	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		704
		705	URxvt.insecure: true
		706
		707	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		708
		709	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		710
		711	I once thought this is a great idea.
		712
		713	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		714	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		715	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		716	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		717	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		718	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		719	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		720	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		721	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		722
		723	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		724	overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioned above is actually
		725	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally
		726	different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless
		727	characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from
		728	XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so
		729	I use it for rare characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use
		730	italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with
		731	Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		732
		733	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of
		734	my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal
		735	(Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between
		736	bold and normal fonts.
		737
		738	Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt"
		739	class name. That is because I use different configs for different
		740	purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and
		741	uses these defaults:
		742
		743	IRC*title: IRC
		744	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		745	IRC*saveLines: 0
		746	IRC*mapAlert: true
		747	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		748	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		749	IRC*colorBD: white
		750	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		751	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		752
		753	"Alt-Ctrl-1" and "Alt-Ctrl-2" switch between two different font sizes.
		754	"suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while
		755	keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated
		756	(e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		757
		758	The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor
		759	"xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname"
		760	file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use:
		761
		762	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		763	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		764	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		765	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		766	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		767
		768	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		769	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		770	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		771	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		772	combinations :->
		773
		774	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		775	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		776	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		777	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		778	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		779	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		780
		781	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		782	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		783	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		784
		785	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		786
		787	URxvt.resource: value
		788
		789	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		790	specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it
		791	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		792
21	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	793	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
22	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	794	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
23	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	795	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
24	problem often arises).	796	arises).
25		797
26	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	798	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
27	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	799	can be done by simply installing rxvt-unicode on the remote system as
		800	well (in case you have a nice package manager ready), or you can install
		801	the terminfo database manually like this (with ncurses infocmp. works as
		802	user and root):
28		803
29	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	804	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
30	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	805	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
31		806
32	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	807	One some systems you might need to set $TERMINFO to the full path of
		808	$HOME/.terminfo for this to work.
33		809
34	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	810	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
35	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	811	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
36	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	812	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
37	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	813	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
38	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	814	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
39	though.
40		815
41	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	816	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
42	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	817	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
43	use a resource to set it:	818	resource to set it:
44		819
45	URxvt.termName: rxvt	820	URxvt.termName: rxvt
46		821
47	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	822	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
48	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	823	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt".
49		824
		825	nano fails with "Error opening terminal: rxvt-unicode"
		826	This exceptionally confusing and useless error message is printed by
		827	nano when it can't find the terminfo database. Nothing is wrong with
		828	your terminal, read the previous answer for a solution.
		829
50	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	830	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
51	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	831	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
52	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	832	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
53		833
54	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.	834	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt.
		835	See next entry.
		836
55	I need a termcap file entry.	837	I need a termcap file entry.
56	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	838	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
57	operating systems still compile some programs using the	839	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
58	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	840	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
59	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	841	for "rxvt-unicode".
60		842
61	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	843	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many
62	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	844	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp
63	infocmp program like this:	845	program like this:
64		846
65	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	847	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
66		848
67	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	849	Or you could use the termcap entry in doc/etc/rxvt-unicode.termcap,
		850	generated by the command above.
68		851
69	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
70	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
71	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
72	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
73	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
74	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
75	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
76	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
77	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
78	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
79	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
80	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
81	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
82	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
83	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
84	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
85	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
86	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
87	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
88	:vs=\E[?25h:
89
90	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	852	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
91	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	853	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
92	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	854	decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
93	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	855	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among
94	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	856	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
95		857
96	TERM rxvt-unicode	858	TERM rxvt-unicode
97		859
98	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	860	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
99		861
100	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	862	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
101		863
102	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	864	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
103		865
104	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	866	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		867	See next entry.
		868
105	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	869	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		870	See next entry.
		871
106	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	872	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
107	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	873	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
108	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	874	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
109	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	875	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
110	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)	876	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
111	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	877	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
112	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	878	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
113	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	879	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
114	how to do this).	880	this).
115		881
116	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	882	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
117	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
118	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
119	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
120	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
121	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
122	please report if that helped.
123
124	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	883	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		884	See next entry.
		885
125	Unicode does not seem to work?	886	Unicode does not seem to work?
126	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	887	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
127	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	888	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
128	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	889	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
129	settings.
130		890
131	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	891	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
132	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	892	programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale,
133	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	893	while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes
134	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	894	the locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this
135	is not going to work.	895	is not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems.
136		896
137	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	897	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
138	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	898	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
139	your .profile.	899	.profile.
140		900
141	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	901	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too
142		902
143	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	903	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
144	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	904	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
145	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	905	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
146	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	906	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
147	If it displays something like:	907	something like:
148		908
149	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	909	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
150		910
151	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	911	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
152		912
153	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	913	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
154	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	914	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
155	just don't support locales :(	915	support locales :(
156		916
157	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
158	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
159	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
160	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
161	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
162	want to display.
163
164	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
165	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
166	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
167	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
168	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
169	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
170	indeed look correct.
171
172	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
173	list, e.g.:
174
175	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
176
177	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
178	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
179	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
180	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
181	X-server.
182
183	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
184	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
185	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
186
187	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
188	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
189	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
190	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
191	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
192	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
193	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
194	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
195	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
196	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
197	the japanese font.
198
199	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
200	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
201	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
202	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
203	first.
204
205	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
206	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
207	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
208	interface for this has been designed yet).
209
210	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
211	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
212
213	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
214	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
215	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
216	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
217	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
218	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
219	that redraws adjacent characters.
220
221	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
222	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
223	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
224	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
225	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
226
227	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
228	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
229	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
230	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
231
232	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
233	bounding box data is correct.
234
235	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
236	Seems to be a known bug, read
237	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
238	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
239
240	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
241
242	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
243	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
244	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
245	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
246	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
247	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
248	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
249
250	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
251	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
252
253	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
254	14755
255	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
256	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
257	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
258	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
259	telnet escape character and so on.
260
261	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
262	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
263	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
264	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
265	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
266	the effect:
267
268	URxvt.colorBD: white
269	URxvt.colorIT: green
270
271	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
272	can I fix that?
273	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
274	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
275	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
276	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
277	without very good reasons.
278
279	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
280	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
281	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
282	features.
283
284	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
285	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
286	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
287	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
288	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
289
290	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
291	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
292	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
293	respect to standards.
294
295	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
296	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
297
298	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
299	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
300	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
301	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
302	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
303	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
304	anything except the current locale encoding.
305
306	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
307	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
308	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
309	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
310	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
311	emulator).
312
313	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
314	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
315	to carry complete replacements for them :)
316
317	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
318	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
319	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
320
321	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
322	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
323	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
324	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
325	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
326	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
327	the old libW11 emulation.
328
329	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
330	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
331	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
332
333	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	917	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		918	See next entry.
		919
334	Is there an option to switch encodings?	920	Is there an option to switch encodings?
335	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	921	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
336	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	922	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
337	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	923	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
338	terminal I/O.
339		924
340	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	925	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
341	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	926	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
342	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	927	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
343	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	928	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
344	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	929	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
345	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	930	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own,
346	locale-independent table under all locales).	931	locale-independent table under all locales).
347		932
348	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	933	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
349	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	934	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
350	in the interpretation of characters.	935	interpretation of characters.
351		936
352	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	937	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
353	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	938	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
354		939
355	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	940	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
356	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	941	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
357	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	942	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
358	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	943	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
359	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	944	"de" or "german") are also common.
360	are also common.
361		945
362	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	946	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
363	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	947	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
364	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	948	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
365	rxvt-unicode.
366		949
367	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	950	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
368	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	951	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
369		952
370	Can I switch locales at runtime?	953	Can I switch locales at runtime?
371	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	954	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
372	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	955	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
373		956
374	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	957	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
375		958
376	See also the previous answer.	959	See also the previous answer.
377		960
378	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in	961	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
379	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it	962	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
380	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which	963	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
381	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:	964	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
382		965
383	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	966	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
384	xjdic -js	967	xjdic -js
385	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	968	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
386		969
387	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	970	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
388	except for some locales where character width differs between	971	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
389	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	972	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
390		973
391	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?	974	I have problems getting my input method working.
392	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has	975	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input
393	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect	976	method server.
394	immediately:
395		977
396	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"	978	Here is a checklist:
397		979
398	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer	980	- Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS.
399	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,	981	Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS.
400	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
401		982
402	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.	983	- Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your
		984	XIM.
		985	For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		986	"ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent.
403		987
404	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?	988	- Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
405	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For	989	- Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when
406	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera	990	*starting* rxvt-unicode.
407	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might	991	When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2".
408	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:	992	For scim, use "@im=SCIM". You can see what input method servers are
		993	running with this command:
409		994
410	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true	995	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
411	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
412		996
		997
		998
413	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	999	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
414	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	1000	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
415	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	1001	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
416		1002
417	URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	1003	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
418		1004
419	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	1005	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
420	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	1006	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your
421	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	1007	Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP"
422	as your input method limits you.	1008	in a normal way then, as your input method limits you.
423		1009
424	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	1010	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
425	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	1011	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
426	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	1012	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
427	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	1013	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
428	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	1014	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
429	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	1015	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
430	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	1016	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
431	cooperate.
432		1017
433	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	1018	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
434		1019
435	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	1020	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
436	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	1021	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
437	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	1022	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
438	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	1023	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
439	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	1024	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
440	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	1025	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
441	a font for your characters.	1026	version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		1027	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
		1028	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian
		1029	Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
442		1030
443	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	1031	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
444	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	1032	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
445	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	1033	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users
446	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	1034	that might encounter the same issue.
447	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
448	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
449		1035
450	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	1036	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
451	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	1037	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
452	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	1038	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
453	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	1039	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling
454	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.	1040	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
		1041	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		1042	more in the future) depends on it.
455		1043
456	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	1044	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" and "perl-ext" resources
457	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	1045	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
458	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	1046	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
459	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It	1047	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
460	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author	1048	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
461	thinks they look best that way.
462		1049
463	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	1050	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
		1051	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
		1052	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		1053	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
464		1054
465	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	1055	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
466	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	1056	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
467	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	1057	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
468	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
469	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
470	or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7)
471		1058
472	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	1059	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
473	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	1060	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
474	the standard foreground colour.	1061	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1062	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1063	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1064	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
475		1065
476	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	1066	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
477	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	1067	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
478	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	1068	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
479	ignored.	1069	result in very little risk.
480		1070
481	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	1071	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
482	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	1072	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
		1073	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		1074	whether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		1075	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
483		1076
484	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	1077	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor
		1078	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
		1079	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
485		1080
486	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	1081	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
		1082	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t).
487		1083
488	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	1084	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
489	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	1085	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
490	resources (or as long-options).	1086	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
		1087	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
		1088	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
		1089	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
		1090	locale encoding.
491		1091
492	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	1092	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
493	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	1093	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
		1094	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
		1095	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
		1096	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
494		1097
495	URxvt.color0: #000000	1098	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
496	URxvt.color1: #A80000	1099	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
497	URxvt.color2: #00A800	1100	complete replacements for them :)
498	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
499	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
500	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
501	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
502	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
503		1101
504	URxvt.color8: #000054	1102	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
505	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	1103	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
506	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	1104	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
507	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	1105	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
508	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	1106	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
509	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF	1107	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
510	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF	1108	old libW11 emulation.
511	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
512		1109
513	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	1110	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
514	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	1111	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
		1112	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
515		1113
516	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	1114	Character widths are not correct.
517	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1	1115	urxvt uses the system wcwidth function to know the information about the
518	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e	1116	width of characters, so on systems with incorrect locale data you will
519	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1	1117	likely get bad results. Two notorious examples are Solaris 9, where
520	URxvt.color0: #000000	1118	single-width characters like U+2514 are reported as double-width, and
521	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93	1119	Darwin 8, where combining chars are reported having width 1.
522	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
523	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
524	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
525	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
526	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
527	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
528	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
529	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
530	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
531	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
532	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
533	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
534		1120
535	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?	1121	The solution is to upgrade your system or switch to a better one. A
536	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the	1122	possibly working workaround is to use a wcwidth implementation like
537	listening socket and then fork.
538		1123
539	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?	1124	http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
540	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
541	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
542	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
543	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
544		1125
545	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
546	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
547	only correct choice :).
548
549	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
550	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
551	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
552	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
553	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
554	your stty setting).
555
556	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
557
558	# use Backspace = ^H
559	$ stty erase ^H
560	$ rxvt
561
562	# use Backspace = ^?
563	$ stty erase ^?
564	$ rxvt
565
566	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in rxvt(7).
567
568	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
569
570	# use Backspace = ^H
571	$ stty erase ^H
572	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
573
574	# use Backspace = ^?
575	$ stty erase ^?
576	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
577
578	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
579	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
580	value properly reflects that.
581
582	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
583	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
584	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
585	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
586	termcap/terminfo.
587
588	Some other Backspace problems:
589
590	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
591	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
592	help.
593
594	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
595
596	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
597	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
598	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
599	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
600	associated with keysyms.
601
602	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
603	URxvt"
604
605	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
606	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
607	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
608	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
609	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
610	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
611	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
612	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
613	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
614	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
615	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
616	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
617	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
618	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
619	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
620	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
621	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
622	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
623	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
624	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
625
626	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
627
628	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
629	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
630	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
631	KP_Insert == Insert
632	F22 == Print
633	F27 == Home
634	F29 == Prior
635	F33 == End
636	F35 == Next
637
638	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
639	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
640	the keys as required for your particular machine.
641
642	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
643	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
644	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
645	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
646	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
647	whether or not to use color.
648
649	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
650	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
651	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
652	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
653	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
654	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
655	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
656
657	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
658	script snippets:
659
660	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
661	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
662	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
663	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
664	echo -n '^[Z'
665	read term_id
666	stty icanon echo
667	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
668	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
669	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
670	fi
671	fi
672
673	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
674	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
675	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
676	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
677
678	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
679	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
680	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
681	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
682	FAQs :).
683

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