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Revision 1.11 by root, Mon Feb 14 18:47:54 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.31 by root, Tue Jan 17 16:22:41 2006 UTC

1FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
2 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select
3 single words?
4 Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can
5 use the following resource:
6
7 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
8
9 If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more
10 and more.
11
12 To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
13 pattern:
14
15 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
16
17 Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination
18 also selects words like the old code.
19
20 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
21 change/disable it?
22 You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
23 perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
24 rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
25
26 If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
27 identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the
28 section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For
29 example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify
30 this perl-ext-common resource:
31
32 URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
33
34 This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
35 extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
36 scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any
37 other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback
38 resource:
39
40 URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
41
42 Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
43 I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause
44 extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you
45 can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables
46 always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS)
47 after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is
48 a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding
49 conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
50
51 text data bss drs rss filename
52 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
53 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
54
55 When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves
56 xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11
57 and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
58
59 text data bss drs rss filename
60 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
61 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
62
63 The very large size of the text section is explained by the
64 east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but
65 nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core
66 fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k
67 emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course
68 doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font
69 instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft
70 indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used.
71
72 Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
73 one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
74 more memory.
75
76 Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k),
77 this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
78 gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or
79 konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after
80 exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of
81 warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*.
82
83 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
84 Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is:
85 I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
86 fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me).
87 Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
88
89 My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but
90 in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability
91 limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale
92 support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than
93 C++ itself.
94
95 Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write
96 programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to
97 write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large
98 libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is
99 what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config:
100
101 libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
102 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
103 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
104 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
105
106 And here is rxvt-unicode:
107
108 libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
109 libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
110 libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
111 libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
112 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
113
114 No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in
115 statically), except maybe libX11 :)
116
117 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
118 rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with
119 tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing
120 programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into
121 other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming
122 "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt)
123 terminal as an example embedding application.
124
2 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? 125 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
3 The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape 126 The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
4 sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. 127 sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.
128 When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the
129 daemon.
5 130
6 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... 131 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
7 The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode contains large patches 132 The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
8 that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode. Before 133 patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.
9 reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please download 134 Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please
10 and install the genuine version 135 download and install the genuine version
11 (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the 136 (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the
12 problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific 137 problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
13 to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the 138 to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
14 Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). 139 Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
15 140
16 For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and 141 For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
17 probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's 142 probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's
18 also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for 143 also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for
19 other users that might encounter the same issue. 144 other users that might encounter the same issue.
145
146 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any
147 recommendation?
148 You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
149 enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
150 runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
151 them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl
152 interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus,
153 selection, likely more in the future) depends on it.
154
155 You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext"
156 resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will
157 result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory,
158 add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file.
159 This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables
160 it.
161
162 If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal
163 one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
164 "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot
165 of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely
166 used).
167
168 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this
169 safe?
170 It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to
171 properly install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
172
173 When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will
174 fork into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling
175 on some systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop
176 privileges immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals
177 that keep privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt,
178 as it contains things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful"
179 to attackers).
180
181 This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
182 early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
183 main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which
184 should result in very little risk.
20 185
21 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? 186 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
22 The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely 187 The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely
23 available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same 188 available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same
24 problem often arises). 189 problem often arises).
45 URxvt.termName: rxvt 210 URxvt.termName: rxvt
46 211
47 If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also 212 If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also
48 replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. 213 replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.
49 214
215 "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
216 Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it
217 by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
218
50 "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt. 219 "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.
51 I need a termcap file entry. 220 I need a termcap file entry.
52 One reason you might want this is that some distributions or 221 One reason you might want this is that some distributions or
53 operating systems still compile some programs using the 222 operating systems still compile some programs using the
54 long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) 223 long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)
65 rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ 234 rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
66 :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ 235 :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
67 :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\ 236 :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
68 :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ 237 :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
69 :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ 238 :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
70 :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=^O:al=\E[L:\ 239 :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
71 :as=^N:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:\ 240 :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
72 :cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:dl=\E[M:do=^J:\ 241 :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
73 :ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:\ 242 :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
243 :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
74 :im=\E[4h:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ 244 :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
75 :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\ 245 :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
76 :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\ 246 :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
77 :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\ 247 :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
78 :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\ 248 :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
79 :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\ 249 :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
225 that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font. 395 that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
226 396
227 All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their 397 All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
228 bounding box data is correct. 398 bounding box data is correct.
229 399
400 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
401 Seems to be a known bug, read
402 <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
403 following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
404
405 #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
406
230 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. 407 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
231 The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not 408 The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
232 set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported 409 set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
233 by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and 410 by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
234 your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose 411 your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
278 As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl 455 As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
279 nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal 456 nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
280 representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with 457 representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
281 respect to standards. 458 respect to standards.
282 459
460 However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
461 and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
462
283 However, "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support 463 "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
284 multi-language apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and 464 apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
285 non-standardized) representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to 465 representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
286 convert between wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and 466 wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
287 any other encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for 467 encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
288 each and every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t 468 every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
289 into anything except the current locale encoding. 469 anything except the current locale encoding.
290 470
291 Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this 471 Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
292 by carrying their own replacement functions for character set 472 by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
293 handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or 473 handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
294 doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the 474 doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
296 emulator). 476 emulator).
297 477
298 The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in 478 The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
299 the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app 479 the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
300 to carry complete replacements for them :) 480 to carry complete replacements for them :)
481
482 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
483 Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
484 problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
485
486 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
487 rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
488 the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
489 longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
490 single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
491 "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
492 the old libW11 emulation.
493
494 At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
495 multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
496 likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
301 497
302 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? 498 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
303 Is there an option to switch encodings? 499 Is there an option to switch encodings?
304 Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, 500 Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,
305 and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't 501 and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't
381 577
382 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? 578 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
383 You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest 579 You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest
384 of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": 580 of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
385 581
386 URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP 582 URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
387 583
388 Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and 584 Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and
389 still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not 585 still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not
390 be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, 586 be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,
391 as your input method limits you. 587 as your input method limits you.
417 it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. 613 it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
418 614
419 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? 615 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
420 Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, 616 Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,
421 as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to 617 as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to
422 disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialiasing=false"), which 618 disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves
423 saves lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. 619 lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
424 620
425 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? 621 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
426 Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to 622 Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
427 fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core 623 fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
428 fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It 624 fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It
434 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. 630 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
435 Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing 631 Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
436 some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. 632 some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.
437 I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise 633 I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
438 specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt 634 specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
439 or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7) 635 or Shift keys are depressed.
440 636
441 What's with this bold/blink stuff? 637 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
442 If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using 638 If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using
443 the standard foreground colour. 639 the standard foreground colour.
444 640
500 URxvt.color14: #73f7ff 696 URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
501 URxvt.color7: #e1dddd 697 URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
502 URxvt.color15: #e1dddd 698 URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
503 699
504 How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way? 700 How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?
505 Despite it's name, rxvtd is not a real daemon, but more like a 701 Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the
506 server that answers rxvtc's requests, so it doesn't background 702 listening socket and then fork.
507 itself.
508
509 To ensure rxvtd is listening on it's socket, you can use the
510 following method to wait for the startup message before continuing:
511
512 { rxvtd & } | read
513 703
514 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? 704 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
515 Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the 705 Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
516 BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following 706 BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
517 question) there are two standard values that can be used for 707 question) there are two standard values that can be used for
536 726
537 # use Backspace = ^? 727 # use Backspace = ^?
538 $ stty erase ^? 728 $ stty erase ^?
539 $ rxvt 729 $ rxvt
540 730
541 Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in rxvt(7). 731 Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
542 732
543 For an existing rxvt-unicode: 733 For an existing rxvt-unicode:
544 734
545 # use Backspace = ^H 735 # use Backspace = ^H
546 $ stty erase ^H 736 $ stty erase ^H

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