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Revision 1.31 by root, Tue Jan 17 16:22:41 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.39 by root, Tue Jan 31 20:52:19 2006 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
2	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select	2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
3	single words?	3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
4	Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can	4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel
5	use the following resource:	5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
6		7
7	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
8
9	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more
10	and more.
11
12	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
13	pattern:
14
15	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
16
17	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination
18	also selects words like the old code.
19
20	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
21	change/disable it?
22	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
23	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
24	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
25
26	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
27	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the
28	section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For
29	example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify
30	this perl-ext-common resource:
31
32	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
33
34	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
35	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
36	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any
37	other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback
38	resource:
39
40	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
41
42	Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
43	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause
44	extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you
45	can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables
46	always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS)
47	after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is
48	a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding
49	conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
50
51	text data bss drs rss filename
52	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
53	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
54
55	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves
56	xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11
57	and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
58
59	text data bss drs rss filename
60	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
61	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
62
63	The very large size of the text section is explained by the
64	east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but
65	nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core
66	fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k
67	emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course
68	doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font
69	instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft
70	indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used.
71
72	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
73	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
74	more memory.
75
76	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k),
77	this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
78	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or
79	konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after
80	exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of
81	warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*.
82
83	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
84	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is:
85	I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
86	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me).
87	Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
88
89	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but
90	in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability
91	limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale
92	support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than
93	C++ itself.
94
95	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write
96	programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to
97	write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large
98	libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is
99	what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config:
100
101	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
102	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
103	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
104	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
105
106	And here is rxvt-unicode:
107
108	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
109	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
110	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
111	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
112	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
113
114	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in
115	statically), except maybe libX11 :)
116
117	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?	8	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
118	rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with	9	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
119	tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing	10	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
120	programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into	11	should give you tabs:
121	other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming	12
		13	rxvt -pe tabbed
		14
		15	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		16
		17	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		18	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		19	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
122	"Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt)	20	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
123	terminal as an example embedding application.	21	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
124		22
125	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	23	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
126	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	24	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
127	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	25	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
128	When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the	26	using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
129	daemon.
130		27
131	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	28	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
132	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	29	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
133	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.	30	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
134	Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please	31	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
135	download and install the genuine version	32	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
136	(<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the	33	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
137	problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific	34	characters.
138	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
139	Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
140		35
141	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	36	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
142	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	37	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
143	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	38	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
144	other users that might encounter the same issue.	39	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		40	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		41	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
145		42
146	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	43	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?
147	recommendation?	44	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the
148	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now	45	listening socket and then fork.
149	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
150	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
151	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl
152	interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus,
153	selection, likely more in the future) depends on it.
154		46
155	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext"	47	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
156	resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will	48	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
157	result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory,	49	check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
158	add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file.	50	Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether
159	This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables	51	or not to use color.
		52
		53	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
		54	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		55	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		56	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		57	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
		58	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
		59	a regular xterm.
		60
		61	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		62	snippets:
		63
		64	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		65	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		66	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		67	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		68	echo -n '^[Z'
		69	read term_id
		70	stty icanon echo
		71	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		72	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		73	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		74	fi
160	it.	75	fi
161		76
162	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	77	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
163	one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with	78	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
164	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot	79	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. Then go to the doc
165	of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely	80	subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
166	used).
167		81
168	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this	82	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
169	safe?	83	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
170	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to	84	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
171	properly install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	85	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		86	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		87	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		88	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		89	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
172		90
173	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will	91	text data bss drs rss filename
174	fork into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling	92	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
175	on some systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop	93	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
176	privileges immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals
177	that keep privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt,
178	as it contains things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful"
179	to attackers).
180		94
181	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very	95	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft
182	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before	96	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
183	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which	97	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
184	should result in very little risk.
185		98
		99	text data bss drs rss filename
		100	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		101	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		102
		103	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		104	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		105	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		106	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		107	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		108	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		109	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		110	when not used.
		111
		112	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		113	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		114	more memory.
		115
		116	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		117	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		118	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		119	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		120	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		121	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		122
		123	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		124	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		125	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		126	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		127	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		128
		129	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		130	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		131	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		132	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		133
		134	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		135	in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in
		136	C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is
		137	not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my
		138	system with a minimal config:
		139
		140	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		141	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		142	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		143	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		144
		145	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		146
		147	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		148	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		149	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		150	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		151	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		152
		153	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		154	except maybe libX11 :)
		155
		156	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		157	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		158	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode,
		159	so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you
		160	may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a
		161	rite of passage: ... and you failed.
		162
		163	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		164	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		165
		166	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		167
		168	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		169	rxvt -ip -tint red -sh 40
		170
		171	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		172	support, or you are unable to read.
		173
		174	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		175	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		176	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		177
		178	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		179	rxvt -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		180
		181	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or
		182	you are unable to read.
		183
		184	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		185
		186	rxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		187
		188	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		189	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		190	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the
		191	neccessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work,
		192	but that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		193
		194	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		195
		196	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		197	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		198
		199	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		200	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		201	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		202
		203	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		204	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		205	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		206	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		207	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		208	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		209	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		210	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		211	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		212	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		213
		214	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		215	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		216	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		217	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		218
		219	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		220	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		221	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		222	has been designed yet).
		223
		224	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		225	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		226
		227	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		228	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		229	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		230	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		231	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		232	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		233	characters.
		234
		235	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		236	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		237	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		238	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		239	wrong in these cases).
		240
		241	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		242	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		243	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		244	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		245
		246	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		247	bounding box data is correct.
		248
		249	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		250	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		251	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		252	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		253	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		254
		255	URxvt.colorBD: white
		256	URxvt.colorIT: green
		257
		258	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		259	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		260	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		261	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		262	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		263	good reasons.
		264
		265	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		266	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		267	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		268
		269	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		270	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		271	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		272
		273	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		274
		275	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		276	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		277	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		278
		279	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		280
		281	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		282	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		283	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		284	Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
		285	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		286
		287	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		288	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		289
		290	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		291	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		292	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		293	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		294	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		295
		296	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		297	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		298	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
		299	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		300	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		301	look best that way.
		302
		303	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		304
		305	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		306	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		307	standard foreground colour.
		308
		309	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		310	blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard colours.
		311	Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		312
		313	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		314	foreground/background colors.
		315
		316	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		317
		318	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		319
		320	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		321	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		322	resources (or as long-options).
		323
		324	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		325	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		326
		327	URxvt.color0: #000000
		328	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		329	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		330	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		331	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		332	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		333	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		334	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		335
		336	URxvt.color8: #000054
		337	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		338	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		339	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		340	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		341	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		342	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		343	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		344
		345	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by
		346	me) as "pretty girly".
		347
		348	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		349	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		350	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		351	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		352	URxvt.color0: #000000
		353	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		354	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		355	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		356	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		357	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		358	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		359	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		360	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		361	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		362	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		363	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		364	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		365	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		366
		367	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		368	See next entry.
		369
		370	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		371	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		372	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		373	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		374	display.
		375
		376	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		377	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		378	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		379	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		380	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		381	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		382
		383	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		384	e.g.:
		385
		386	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		387
		388	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		389	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		390	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		391	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		392
		393	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		394	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		395	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		396
		397	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		398	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		399	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		400	setting:
		401
		402	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		403
		404	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		405	more.
		406
		407	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		408	pattern:
		409
		410	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		411
		412	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination also
		413	selects words like the old code.
		414
		415	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		416	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		417	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		418	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		419
		420	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		421	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		422	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		423	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		424	perl-ext-common resource:
		425
		426	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		427
		428	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		429	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		430	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		431	combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource:
		432
		433	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		434
		435	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		436	See next entry.
		437
		438	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		439	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		440	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		441	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		442	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		443	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		444
		445	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		446	extension:
		447
		448	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		449
		450	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		451	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		452	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		453	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether and
		454	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		455	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		456	report if that helped.
		457
		458	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		459	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		460	correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your
		461	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		462	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		463	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		464	will continue without an input method.
		465
		466	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than
		467	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		468
		469	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		470	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		471	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		472	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		473	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		474	escape character and so on.
		475
		476	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		477	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		478	editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard
		479	that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick
		480	check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
		481	depressed.
		482
		483	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		484	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the BackSpace
		485	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		486	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		487
		488	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		489	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only only
		490	correct choice :).
		491
		492	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
		493	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
		494	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell),
		495	then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in
		496	<termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty
		497	setting).
		498
		499	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
		500
		501	# use Backspace = ^H
		502	$ stty erase ^H
		503	$ rxvt
		504
		505	# use Backspace = ^?
		506	$ stty erase ^?
		507	$ rxvt
		508
		509	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
		510
		511	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		512
		513	# use Backspace = ^H
		514	$ stty erase ^H
		515	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		516
		517	# use Backspace = ^?
		518	$ stty erase ^?
		519	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		520
		521	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		522	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		523	properly reflects that.
		524
		525	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		526	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		527	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		528	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		529
		530	Some other Backspace problems:
		531
		532	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		533	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		534
		535	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		536
		537	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		538	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		539	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		540	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		541	keysyms.
		542
		543	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name URxvt"
		544
		545	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		546	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		547	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		548	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		549	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		550	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		551	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		552	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		553	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		554	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		555	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		556	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		557	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		558	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		559	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		560	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		561	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		562	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		563	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		564	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		565
		566	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		567
		568	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		569	KP_Insert == Insert
		570	F22 == Print
		571	F27 == Home
		572	F29 == Prior
		573	F33 == End
		574	F35 == Next
		575
		576	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		577	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		578	keys as required for your particular machine.
		579
		580	Terminal Configuration
		581	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		582	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		583	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		584	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		585	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		586	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		587
		588	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		589	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		590	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		591
		592	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		593
		594	URxvt.resource: value
		595
		596	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		597	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it works.
		598	If unsure, use the form above.
		599
186	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	600	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
187	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	601	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
188	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	602	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
189	problem often arises).	603	arises).
190		604
191	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	605	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
192	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	606	can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):
193		607
194	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	608	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
195	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	609	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
196		610
197	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	611	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
198		612
199	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	613	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
200	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	614	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
201	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	615	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
202	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	616	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
203	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	617	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
204	though.
205		618
206	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	619	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
207	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	620	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
208	use a resource to set it:	621	resource to set it:
209		622
210	URxvt.termName: rxvt	623	URxvt.termName: rxvt
211		624
212	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	625	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
213	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	626	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.
214		627
215	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	628	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
216	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	629	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
217	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	630	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
218		631
219	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.	632	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.
		633	See next entry.
		634
220	I need a termcap file entry.	635	I need a termcap file entry.
221	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	636	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
222	operating systems still compile some programs using the	637	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
223	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	638	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
224	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	639	for "rxvt-unicode".
225		640
226	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	641	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases.
227	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	642	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program
228	infocmp program like this:	643	like this:
229		644
230	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	645	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
231		646
232	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	647	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:
233		648
234	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\	649	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
235	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\	650	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
236	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\	651	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
237	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\	652	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
238	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\	653	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
239	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\	654	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
240	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\	655	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
241	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\	656	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
242	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\	657	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
243	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\	658	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
244	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\	659	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
245	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\	660	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
246	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\	661	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
247	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\	662	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
248	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\	663	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
249	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\	664	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
250	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	665	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
251	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	666	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
252	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	667	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
253	:vs=\E[?25h:	668	:vs=\E[?25h:
254		669
255	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	670	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
256	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	671	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
257	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	672	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration
258	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	673	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file (among
259	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	674	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
260		675
261	TERM rxvt-unicode	676	TERM rxvt-unicode
262		677
263	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	678	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
264		679
265	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	680	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
266		681
267	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	682	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
268		683
269	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	684	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		685	See next entry.
		686
270	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	687	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		688	See next entry.
		689
271	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	690	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
272	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	691	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
273	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	692	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
274	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	693	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
275	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)	694	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
276	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	695	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
277	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	696	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
278	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	697	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
279	how to do this).	698	this).
280		699
281	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	700	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
282	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
283	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
284	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
285	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
286	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
287	please report if that helped.
288
289	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	701	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		702	See next entry.
		703
290	Unicode does not seem to work?	704	Unicode does not seem to work?
291	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	705	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
292	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	706	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
293	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	707	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
294	settings.
295		708
296	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	709	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
297	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	710	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the
298	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	711	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale
299	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	712	to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this is not
300	is not going to work.	713	going to work.
301		714
302	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	715	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
303	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	716	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
304	your .profile.	717	.profile.
305		718
306	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	719	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"
307		720
308	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	721	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
309	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	722	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
310	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	723	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
311	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	724	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
312	If it displays something like:	725	something like:
313		726
314	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	727	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
315		728
316	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	729	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
317		730
318	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	731	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
319	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	732	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
320	just don't support locales :(	733	support locales :(
321		734
322	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
323	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
324	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
325	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
326	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
327	want to display.
328
329	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
330	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
331	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
332	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
333	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
334	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
335	indeed look correct.
336
337	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
338	list, e.g.:
339
340	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
341
342	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
343	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
344	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
345	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
346	X-server.
347
348	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
349	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
350	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
351
352	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
353	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
354	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
355	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
356	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
357	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
358	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
359	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
360	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
361	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
362	the japanese font.
363
364	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
365	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
366	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
367	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
368	first.
369
370	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
371	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
372	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
373	interface for this has been designed yet).
374
375	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
376	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
377
378	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
379	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
380	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
381	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
382	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
383	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
384	that redraws adjacent characters.
385
386	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
387	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
388	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
389	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
390	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
391
392	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
393	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
394	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
395	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
396
397	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
398	bounding box data is correct.
399
400	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
401	Seems to be a known bug, read
402	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
403	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
404
405	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
406
407	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
408	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
409	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
410	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
411	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
412	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
413	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
414
415	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
416	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
417
418	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
419	14755
420	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
421	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
422	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
423	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
424	telnet escape character and so on.
425
426	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
427	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
428	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
429	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
430	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
431	the effect:
432
433	URxvt.colorBD: white
434	URxvt.colorIT: green
435
436	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
437	can I fix that?
438	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
439	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
440	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
441	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
442	without very good reasons.
443
444	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
445	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
446	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
447	features.
448
449	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
450	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
451	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
452	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
453	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
454
455	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
456	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
457	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
458	respect to standards.
459
460	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
461	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
462
463	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
464	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
465	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
466	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
467	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
468	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
469	anything except the current locale encoding.
470
471	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
472	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
473	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
474	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
475	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
476	emulator).
477
478	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
479	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
480	to carry complete replacements for them :)
481
482	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
483	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
484	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
485
486	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
487	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
488	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
489	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
490	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
491	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
492	the old libW11 emulation.
493
494	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
495	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
496	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
497
498	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	735	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		736	See next entry.
		737
499	Is there an option to switch encodings?	738	Is there an option to switch encodings?
500	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	739	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
501	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	740	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
502	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	741	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
503	terminal I/O.
504		742
505	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	743	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
506	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	744	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
507	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	745	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
508	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	746	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
509	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	747	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
510	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	748	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,
511	locale-independent table under all locales).	749	locale-independent table under all locales).
512		750
513	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	751	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
514	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	752	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
515	in the interpretation of characters.	753	interpretation of characters.
516		754
517	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	755	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
518	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	756	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
519		757
520	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	758	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
521	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	759	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
522	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	760	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
523	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	761	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
524	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	762	"de" or "german") are also common.
525	are also common.
526		763
527	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	764	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
528	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	765	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
529	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	766	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
530	rxvt-unicode.
531		767
532	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	768	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
533	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	769	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
534		770
535	Can I switch locales at runtime?	771	Can I switch locales at runtime?
536	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	772	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
537	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	773	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
538		774
		775	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		776
		777	See also the previous answer.
		778
		779	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
		780	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
		781	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
		782	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
		783
539	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	784	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
540
541	See also the previous answer.
542
543	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
544	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it
545	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which
546	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
547
548	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
549	xjdic -js	785	xjdic -js
550	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	786	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
551		787
552	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	788	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
553	except for some locales where character width differs between	789	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
554	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	790	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
555		791
556	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
557	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has
558	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect
559	immediately:
560
561	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
562
563	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer
564	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,
565	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
566
567	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
568
569	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
570	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
571	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera
572	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might
573	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
574
575	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
576	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
577
578	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	792	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
579	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	793	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
580	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	794	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
581		795
582	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	796	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
583		797
584	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	798	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
585	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	799	use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able
586	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	800	to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, as your input
587	as your input method limits you.	801	method limits you.
588		802
589	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	803	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
590	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	804	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
591	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	805	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
592	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	806	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
593	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	807	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
594	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	808	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
595	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	809	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
596	cooperate.
597		810
598	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	811	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
599		812
600	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	813	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
601	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	814	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
602	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	815	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
603	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	816	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
604	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	817	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
605	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	818	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
606	a font for your characters.	819	version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		820	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
		821	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian
		822	Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
607		823
608	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	824	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
609	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	825	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
610	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	826	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users
611	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	827	that might encounter the same issue.
612	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
613	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
614		828
615	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	829	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
616	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	830	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
617	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	831	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
618	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	832	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
619	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.	833	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
		834	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		835	more in the future) depends on it.
620		836
621	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	837	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" resources
622	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	838	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
623	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	839	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
624	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It	840	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
625	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author	841	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
626	thinks they look best that way.
627		842
628	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	843	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
		844	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
		845	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		846	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
629		847
630	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	848	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
631	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	849	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
632	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	850	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
633	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
634	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
635	or Shift keys are depressed.
636		851
637	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	852	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
638	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	853	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
639	the standard foreground colour.	854	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		855	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		856	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		857	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
640		858
641	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	859	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
642	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	860	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
643	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	861	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
644	ignored.	862	result in very little risk.
645		863
646	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	864	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
647	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	865	Seems to be a known bug, read
		866	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
		867	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
648		868
649	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	869	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
650		870
651	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	871	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
		872	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
		873	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		874	wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		875	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
652		876
653	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	877	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor
654	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	878	does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal representation of
655	resources (or as long-options).	879	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
656		880
657	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	881	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
658	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	882	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
659		883
660	URxvt.color0: #000000	884	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
661	URxvt.color1: #A80000	885	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
662	URxvt.color2: #00A800	886	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
663	URxvt.color3: #A8A800	887	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
664	URxvt.color4: #0000A8	888	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
665	URxvt.color5: #A800A8	889	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
666	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8	890	locale encoding.
667	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
668		891
669	URxvt.color8: #000054	892	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
670	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	893	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
671	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	894	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
672	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	895	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
673	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	896	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
674	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
675	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
676	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
677		897
678	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	898	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
679	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	899	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
		900	complete replacements for them :)
680		901
681	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	902	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
682	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1	903	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
683	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e	904	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
684	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
685	URxvt.color0: #000000
686	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
687	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
688	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
689	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
690	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
691	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
692	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
693	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
694	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
695	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
696	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
697	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
698	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
699		905
700	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?	906	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
701	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the	907	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
702	listening socket and then fork.	908	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
		909	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
		910	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
		911	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
		912	old libW11 emulation.
703		913
704	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?	914	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
705	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the	915	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
706	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following	916	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
707	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
708	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
709		917
710	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
711	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
712	only correct choice :).
713
714	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
715	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
716	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
717	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
718	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
719	your stty setting).
720
721	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
722
723	# use Backspace = ^H
724	$ stty erase ^H
725	$ rxvt
726
727	# use Backspace = ^?
728	$ stty erase ^?
729	$ rxvt
730
731	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
732
733	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
734
735	# use Backspace = ^H
736	$ stty erase ^H
737	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
738
739	# use Backspace = ^?
740	$ stty erase ^?
741	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
742
743	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
744	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
745	value properly reflects that.
746
747	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
748	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
749	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
750	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
751	termcap/terminfo.
752
753	Some other Backspace problems:
754
755	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
756	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
757	help.
758
759	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
760
761	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
762	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
763	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
764	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
765	associated with keysyms.
766
767	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
768	URxvt"
769
770	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
771	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
772	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
773	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
774	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
775	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
776	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
777	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
778	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
779	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
780	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
781	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
782	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
783	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
784	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
785	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
786	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
787	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
788	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
789	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
790
791	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
792
793	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
794	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
795	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
796	KP_Insert == Insert
797	F22 == Print
798	F27 == Home
799	F29 == Prior
800	F33 == End
801	F35 == Next
802
803	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
804	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
805	the keys as required for your particular machine.
806
807	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
808	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
809	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
810	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
811	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
812	whether or not to use color.
813
814	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
815	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
816	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
817	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
818	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
819	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
820	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
821
822	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
823	script snippets:
824
825	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
826	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
827	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
828	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
829	echo -n '^[Z'
830	read term_id
831	stty icanon echo
832	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
833	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
834	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
835	fi
836	fi
837
838	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
839	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
840	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
841	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
842
843	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
844	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
845	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
846	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
847	FAQs :).
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