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Revision 1.32 by root, Thu Jan 19 19:26:30 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.39 by root, Tue Jan 31 20:52:19 2006 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
2	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select	2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
3	single words?	3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
4	Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can	4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel
5	use the following resource:	5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
6		7
7	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
8
9	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more
10	and more.
11
12	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
13	pattern:
14
15	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
16
17	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination
18	also selects words like the old code.
19
20	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
21	change/disable it?
22	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
23	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
24	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
25
26	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
27	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the
28	section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For
29	example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify
30	this perl-ext-common resource:
31
32	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
33
34	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
35	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
36	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any
37	other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback
38	resource:
39
40	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
41
42	Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
43	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause
44	extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you
45	can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables
46	always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS)
47	after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is
48	a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding
49	conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
50
51	text data bss drs rss filename
52	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
53	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
54
55	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves
56	xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11
57	and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
58
59	text data bss drs rss filename
60	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
61	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
62
63	The very large size of the text section is explained by the
64	east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but
65	nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core
66	fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k
67	emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course
68	doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font
69	instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft
70	indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used.
71
72	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
73	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
74	more memory.
75
76	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k),
77	this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
78	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or
79	konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after
80	exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of
81	warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*.
82
83	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
84	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is:
85	I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
86	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me).
87	Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
88
89	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but
90	in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability
91	limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale
92	support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than
93	C++ itself.
94
95	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write
96	programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to
97	write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large
98	libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is
99	what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config:
100
101	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
102	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
103	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
104	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
105
106	And here is rxvt-unicode:
107
108	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
109	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
110	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
111	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
112	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
113
114	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in
115	statically), except maybe libX11 :)
116
117	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?	8	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
118	rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with	9	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
119	tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing	10	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
120	programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into	11	should give you tabs:
121	other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming	12
		13	rxvt -pe tabbed
		14
		15	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		16
		17	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		18	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		19	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
122	"Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt)	20	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
123	terminal as an example embedding application.	21	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
124		22
125	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	23	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
126	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	24	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
127	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	25	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
128	When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the	26	using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
129	daemon.
130		27
131	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	28	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
132	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	29	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
133	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but	30	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
134	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug	31	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
135	to the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the	32	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
136	genuine version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try	33	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
137	to reproduce the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the	34	characters.
138	problems are specific to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should
139	be reported via the Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to
140	report the bug).
141		35
142	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	36	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
143	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	37	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
144	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	38	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
145	other users that might encounter the same issue.	39	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		40	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		41	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
146		42
147	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	43	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?
148	recommendation?	44	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the
149	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now	45	listening socket and then fork.
150	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
151	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
152	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl
153	interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus,
154	selection, likely more in the future) depends on it.
155		46
156	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext"	47	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
157	resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will	48	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
158	result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory,	49	check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
159	add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file.	50	Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether
160	This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables	51	or not to use color.
		52
		53	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
		54	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		55	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		56	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		57	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
		58	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
		59	a regular xterm.
		60
		61	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		62	snippets:
		63
		64	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		65	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		66	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		67	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		68	echo -n '^[Z'
		69	read term_id
		70	stty icanon echo
		71	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		72	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		73	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		74	fi
161	it.	75	fi
162		76
163	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	77	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
164	one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with	78	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
165	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot	79	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. Then go to the doc
166	of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely	80	subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
167	used).
168		81
169	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this	82	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
170	safe?	83	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
171	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to	84	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
172	properly install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	85	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		86	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		87	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		88	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		89	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
173		90
174	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will	91	text data bss drs rss filename
175	fork into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling	92	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
176	on some systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop	93	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
177	privileges immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals
178	that keep privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt,
179	as it contains things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful"
180	to attackers).
181		94
182	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very	95	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft
183	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before	96	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
184	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which	97	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
185	should result in very little risk.
186		98
		99	text data bss drs rss filename
		100	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		101	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		102
		103	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		104	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		105	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		106	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		107	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		108	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		109	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		110	when not used.
		111
		112	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		113	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		114	more memory.
		115
		116	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		117	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		118	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		119	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		120	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		121	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		122
		123	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		124	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		125	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		126	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		127	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		128
		129	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		130	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		131	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		132	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		133
		134	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		135	in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in
		136	C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is
		137	not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my
		138	system with a minimal config:
		139
		140	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		141	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		142	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		143	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		144
		145	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		146
		147	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		148	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		149	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		150	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		151	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		152
		153	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		154	except maybe libX11 :)
		155
		156	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		157	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		158	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode,
		159	so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you
		160	may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a
		161	rite of passage: ... and you failed.
		162
		163	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		164	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		165
		166	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		167
		168	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		169	rxvt -ip -tint red -sh 40
		170
		171	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		172	support, or you are unable to read.
		173
		174	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		175	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		176	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		177
		178	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		179	rxvt -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		180
		181	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or
		182	you are unable to read.
		183
		184	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		185
		186	rxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		187
		188	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		189	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		190	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the
		191	neccessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work,
		192	but that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		193
		194	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		195
		196	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		197	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		198
		199	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		200	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		201	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		202
		203	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		204	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		205	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		206	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		207	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		208	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		209	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		210	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		211	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		212	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		213
		214	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		215	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		216	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		217	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		218
		219	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		220	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		221	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		222	has been designed yet).
		223
		224	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		225	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		226
		227	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		228	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		229	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		230	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		231	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		232	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		233	characters.
		234
		235	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		236	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		237	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		238	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		239	wrong in these cases).
		240
		241	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		242	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		243	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		244	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		245
		246	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		247	bounding box data is correct.
		248
		249	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		250	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		251	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		252	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		253	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		254
		255	URxvt.colorBD: white
		256	URxvt.colorIT: green
		257
		258	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		259	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		260	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		261	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		262	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		263	good reasons.
		264
		265	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		266	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		267	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		268
		269	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		270	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		271	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		272
		273	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		274
		275	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		276	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		277	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		278
		279	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		280
		281	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		282	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		283	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		284	Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
		285	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		286
		287	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		288	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		289
		290	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		291	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		292	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		293	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		294	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		295
		296	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		297	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		298	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
		299	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		300	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		301	look best that way.
		302
		303	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		304
		305	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		306	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		307	standard foreground colour.
		308
		309	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		310	blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard colours.
		311	Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		312
		313	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		314	foreground/background colors.
		315
		316	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		317
		318	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		319
		320	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		321	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		322	resources (or as long-options).
		323
		324	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		325	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		326
		327	URxvt.color0: #000000
		328	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		329	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		330	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		331	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		332	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		333	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		334	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		335
		336	URxvt.color8: #000054
		337	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		338	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		339	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		340	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		341	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		342	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		343	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		344
		345	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by
		346	me) as "pretty girly".
		347
		348	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		349	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		350	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		351	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		352	URxvt.color0: #000000
		353	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		354	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		355	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		356	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		357	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		358	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		359	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		360	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		361	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		362	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		363	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		364	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		365	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		366
		367	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		368	See next entry.
		369
		370	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		371	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		372	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		373	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		374	display.
		375
		376	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		377	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		378	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		379	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		380	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		381	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		382
		383	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		384	e.g.:
		385
		386	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		387
		388	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		389	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		390	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		391	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		392
		393	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		394	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		395	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		396
		397	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		398	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		399	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		400	setting:
		401
		402	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		403
		404	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		405	more.
		406
		407	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		408	pattern:
		409
		410	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		411
		412	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination also
		413	selects words like the old code.
		414
		415	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		416	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		417	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		418	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		419
		420	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		421	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		422	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		423	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		424	perl-ext-common resource:
		425
		426	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		427
		428	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		429	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		430	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		431	combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource:
		432
		433	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		434
		435	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		436	See next entry.
		437
		438	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		439	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		440	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		441	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		442	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		443	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		444
		445	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		446	extension:
		447
		448	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		449
		450	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		451	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		452	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		453	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether and
		454	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		455	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		456	report if that helped.
		457
		458	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		459	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		460	correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your
		461	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		462	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		463	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		464	will continue without an input method.
		465
		466	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than
		467	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		468
		469	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		470	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		471	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		472	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		473	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		474	escape character and so on.
		475
		476	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		477	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		478	editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard
		479	that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick
		480	check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
		481	depressed.
		482
		483	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		484	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the BackSpace
		485	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		486	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		487
		488	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		489	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only only
		490	correct choice :).
		491
		492	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
		493	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
		494	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell),
		495	then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in
		496	<termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty
		497	setting).
		498
		499	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
		500
		501	# use Backspace = ^H
		502	$ stty erase ^H
		503	$ rxvt
		504
		505	# use Backspace = ^?
		506	$ stty erase ^?
		507	$ rxvt
		508
		509	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
		510
		511	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		512
		513	# use Backspace = ^H
		514	$ stty erase ^H
		515	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		516
		517	# use Backspace = ^?
		518	$ stty erase ^?
		519	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		520
		521	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		522	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		523	properly reflects that.
		524
		525	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		526	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		527	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		528	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		529
		530	Some other Backspace problems:
		531
		532	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		533	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		534
		535	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		536
		537	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		538	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		539	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		540	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		541	keysyms.
		542
		543	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name URxvt"
		544
		545	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		546	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		547	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		548	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		549	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		550	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		551	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		552	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		553	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		554	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		555	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		556	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		557	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		558	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		559	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		560	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		561	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		562	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		563	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		564	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		565
		566	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		567
		568	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		569	KP_Insert == Insert
		570	F22 == Print
		571	F27 == Home
		572	F29 == Prior
		573	F33 == End
		574	F35 == Next
		575
		576	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		577	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		578	keys as required for your particular machine.
		579
		580	Terminal Configuration
		581	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		582	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		583	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		584	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		585	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		586	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		587
		588	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		589	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		590	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		591
		592	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		593
		594	URxvt.resource: value
		595
		596	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		597	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it works.
		598	If unsure, use the form above.
		599
187	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	600	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
188	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	601	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
189	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	602	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
190	problem often arises).	603	arises).
191		604
192	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	605	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
193	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	606	can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):
194		607
195	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	608	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
196	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	609	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
197		610
198	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	611	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
199		612
200	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	613	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
201	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	614	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
202	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	615	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
203	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	616	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
204	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	617	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
205	though.
206		618
207	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	619	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
208	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	620	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
209	use a resource to set it:	621	resource to set it:
210		622
211	URxvt.termName: rxvt	623	URxvt.termName: rxvt
212		624
213	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	625	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
214	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	626	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.
215		627
216	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	628	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
217	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	629	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
218	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	630	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
219		631
220	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.	632	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.
		633	See next entry.
		634
221	I need a termcap file entry.	635	I need a termcap file entry.
222	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	636	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
223	operating systems still compile some programs using the	637	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
224	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	638	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
225	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	639	for "rxvt-unicode".
226		640
227	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	641	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases.
228	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	642	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program
229	infocmp program like this:	643	like this:
230		644
231	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	645	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
232		646
233	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	647	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:
234		648
235	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\	649	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
236	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\	650	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
237	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\	651	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
238	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\	652	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
239	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\	653	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
240	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\	654	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
241	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\	655	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
242	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\	656	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
243	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\	657	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
244	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\	658	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
245	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\	659	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
246	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\	660	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
247	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\	661	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
248	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\	662	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
249	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\	663	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
250	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\	664	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
251	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	665	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
252	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	666	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
253	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	667	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
254	:vs=\E[?25h:	668	:vs=\E[?25h:
255		669
256	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	670	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
257	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	671	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
258	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	672	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration
259	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	673	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file (among
260	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	674	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
261		675
262	TERM rxvt-unicode	676	TERM rxvt-unicode
263		677
264	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	678	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
265		679
266	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	680	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
267		681
268	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	682	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
269		683
270	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	684	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		685	See next entry.
		686
271	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	687	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		688	See next entry.
		689
272	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	690	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
273	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	691	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
274	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	692	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
275	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	693	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
276	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)	694	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
277	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	695	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
278	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	696	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
279	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	697	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
280	how to do this).	698	this).
281		699
282	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	700	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
283	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
284	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
285	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
286	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
287	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
288	please report if that helped.
289
290	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	701	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		702	See next entry.
		703
291	Unicode does not seem to work?	704	Unicode does not seem to work?
292	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	705	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
293	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	706	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
294	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	707	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
295	settings.
296		708
297	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	709	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
298	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	710	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the
299	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	711	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale
300	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	712	to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this is not
301	is not going to work.	713	going to work.
302		714
303	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	715	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
304	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	716	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
305	your .profile.	717	.profile.
306		718
307	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	719	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"
308		720
309	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	721	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
310	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	722	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
311	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	723	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
312	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	724	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
313	If it displays something like:	725	something like:
314		726
315	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	727	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
316		728
317	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	729	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
318		730
319	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	731	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
320	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	732	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
321	just don't support locales :(	733	support locales :(
322		734
323	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
324	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
325	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
326	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
327	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
328	want to display.
329
330	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
331	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
332	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
333	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
334	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
335	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
336	indeed look correct.
337
338	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
339	list, e.g.:
340
341	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
342
343	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
344	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
345	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
346	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
347	X-server.
348
349	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
350	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
351	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
352
353	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
354	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
355	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
356	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
357	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
358	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
359	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
360	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
361	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
362	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
363	the japanese font.
364
365	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
366	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
367	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
368	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
369	first.
370
371	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
372	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
373	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
374	interface for this has been designed yet).
375
376	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
377	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
378
379	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
380	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
381	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
382	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
383	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
384	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
385	that redraws adjacent characters.
386
387	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
388	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
389	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
390	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
391	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
392
393	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
394	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
395	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
396	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
397
398	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
399	bounding box data is correct.
400
401	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
402	Seems to be a known bug, read
403	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
404	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
405
406	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
407
408	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
409	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
410	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
411	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
412	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
413	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
414	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
415
416	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
417	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
418
419	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
420	14755
421	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
422	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
423	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
424	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
425	telnet escape character and so on.
426
427	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
428	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
429	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
430	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
431	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
432	the effect:
433
434	URxvt.colorBD: white
435	URxvt.colorIT: green
436
437	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
438	can I fix that?
439	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
440	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
441	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
442	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
443	without very good reasons.
444
445	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
446	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
447	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
448	features.
449
450	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
451	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
452	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
453	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
454	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
455
456	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
457	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
458	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
459	respect to standards.
460
461	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
462	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
463
464	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
465	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
466	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
467	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
468	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
469	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
470	anything except the current locale encoding.
471
472	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
473	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
474	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
475	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
476	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
477	emulator).
478
479	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
480	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
481	to carry complete replacements for them :)
482
483	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
484	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
485	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
486
487	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
488	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
489	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
490	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
491	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
492	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
493	the old libW11 emulation.
494
495	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
496	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
497	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
498
499	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	735	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		736	See next entry.
		737
500	Is there an option to switch encodings?	738	Is there an option to switch encodings?
501	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	739	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
502	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	740	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
503	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	741	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
504	terminal I/O.
505		742
506	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	743	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
507	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	744	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
508	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	745	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
509	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	746	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
510	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	747	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
511	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	748	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,
512	locale-independent table under all locales).	749	locale-independent table under all locales).
513		750
514	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	751	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
515	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	752	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
516	in the interpretation of characters.	753	interpretation of characters.
517		754
518	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	755	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
519	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	756	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
520		757
521	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	758	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
522	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	759	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
523	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	760	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
524	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	761	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
525	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	762	"de" or "german") are also common.
526	are also common.
527		763
528	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	764	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
529	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	765	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
530	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	766	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
531	rxvt-unicode.
532		767
533	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	768	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
534	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	769	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
535		770
536	Can I switch locales at runtime?	771	Can I switch locales at runtime?
537	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	772	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
538	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	773	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
539		774
		775	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		776
		777	See also the previous answer.
		778
		779	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
		780	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
		781	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
		782	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
		783
540	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	784	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
541
542	See also the previous answer.
543
544	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
545	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it
546	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which
547	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
548
549	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
550	xjdic -js	785	xjdic -js
551	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	786	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
552		787
553	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	788	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
554	except for some locales where character width differs between	789	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
555	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	790	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
556		791
557	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
558	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has
559	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect
560	immediately:
561
562	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
563
564	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer
565	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,
566	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
567
568	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
569
570	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
571	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
572	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera
573	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might
574	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
575
576	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
577	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
578
579	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	792	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
580	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	793	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
581	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	794	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
582		795
583	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	796	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
584		797
585	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	798	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
586	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	799	use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able
587	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	800	to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, as your input
588	as your input method limits you.	801	method limits you.
589		802
590	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	803	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
591	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	804	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
592	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	805	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
593	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	806	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
594	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	807	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
595	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	808	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
596	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	809	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
597	cooperate.
598		810
599	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	811	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
600		812
601	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	813	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
602	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	814	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
603	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	815	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
604	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	816	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
605	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	817	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
606	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	818	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
607	a font for your characters.	819	version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		820	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
		821	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian
		822	Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
608		823
609	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	824	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
610	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	825	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
611	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	826	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users
612	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	827	that might encounter the same issue.
613	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
614	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
615		828
616	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	829	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
617	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	830	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
618	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	831	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
619	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	832	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling
620	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.	833	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
		834	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		835	more in the future) depends on it.
621		836
622	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	837	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" resources
623	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	838	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
624	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	839	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
625	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It	840	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
626	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author	841	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
627	thinks they look best that way.
628		842
629	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	843	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
		844	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
		845	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		846	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
630		847
631	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	848	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
632	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	849	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
633	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	850	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
634	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
635	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
636	or Shift keys are depressed.
637		851
638	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	852	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
639	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	853	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
640	the standard foreground colour.	854	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		855	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		856	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		857	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
641		858
642	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	859	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
643	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	860	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
644	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	861	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
645	ignored.	862	result in very little risk.
646		863
647	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	864	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
648	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	865	Seems to be a known bug, read
		866	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
		867	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
649		868
650	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	869	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
651		870
652	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	871	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
		872	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
		873	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		874	wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		875	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
653		876
654	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	877	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor
655	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	878	does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal representation of
656	resources (or as long-options).	879	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
657		880
658	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	881	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
659	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	882	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
660		883
661	URxvt.color0: #000000	884	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
662	URxvt.color1: #A80000	885	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
663	URxvt.color2: #00A800	886	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
664	URxvt.color3: #A8A800	887	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
665	URxvt.color4: #0000A8	888	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
666	URxvt.color5: #A800A8	889	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
667	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8	890	locale encoding.
668	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
669		891
670	URxvt.color8: #000054	892	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
671	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	893	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
672	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	894	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
673	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	895	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
674	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	896	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
675	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
676	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
677	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
678		897
679	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	898	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
680	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	899	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
		900	complete replacements for them :)
681		901
682	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	902	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
683	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1	903	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
684	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e	904	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
685	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
686	URxvt.color0: #000000
687	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
688	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
689	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
690	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
691	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
692	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
693	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
694	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
695	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
696	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
697	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
698	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
699	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
700		905
701	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?	906	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
702	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the	907	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
703	listening socket and then fork.	908	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
		909	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
		910	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
		911	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
		912	old libW11 emulation.
704		913
705	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?	914	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
706	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the	915	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
707	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following	916	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
708	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
709	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
710		917
711	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
712	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
713	only correct choice :).
714
715	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
716	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
717	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
718	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
719	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
720	your stty setting).
721
722	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
723
724	# use Backspace = ^H
725	$ stty erase ^H
726	$ rxvt
727
728	# use Backspace = ^?
729	$ stty erase ^?
730	$ rxvt
731
732	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
733
734	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
735
736	# use Backspace = ^H
737	$ stty erase ^H
738	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
739
740	# use Backspace = ^?
741	$ stty erase ^?
742	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
743
744	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
745	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
746	value properly reflects that.
747
748	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
749	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
750	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
751	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
752	termcap/terminfo.
753
754	Some other Backspace problems:
755
756	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
757	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
758	help.
759
760	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
761
762	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
763	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
764	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
765	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
766	associated with keysyms.
767
768	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
769	URxvt"
770
771	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
772	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
773	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
774	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
775	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
776	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
777	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
778	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
779	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
780	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
781	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
782	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
783	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
784	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
785	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
786	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
787	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
788	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
789	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
790	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
791
792	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
793
794	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
795	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
796	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
797	KP_Insert == Insert
798	F22 == Print
799	F27 == Home
800	F29 == Prior
801	F33 == End
802	F35 == Next
803
804	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
805	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
806	the keys as required for your particular machine.
807
808	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
809	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
810	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
811	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
812	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
813	whether or not to use color.
814
815	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
816	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
817	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
818	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
819	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
820	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
821	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
822
823	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
824	script snippets:
825
826	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
827	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
828	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
829	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
830	echo -n '^[Z'
831	read term_id
832	stty icanon echo
833	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
834	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
835	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
836	fi
837	fi
838
839	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
840	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
841	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
842	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
843
844	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
845	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
846	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
847	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
848	FAQs :).
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