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Revision 1.56 by root, Tue Nov 4 23:00:43 2008 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
		3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
		4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel
		5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
		7
		8	I use Gentoo, and I have a problem...
		9	There are three big problems with Gentoo Linux: first of all, most if
		10	not all Gentoo systems are completely broken (missing or mismatched
		11	header files, broken compiler etc. are just the tip of the iceberg);
		12	secondly, the Gentoo maintainer thinks it is a good idea to add broken
		13	patches to the code; and lastly, it should be called Gentoo GNU/Linux.
		14
		15	For these reasons, it is impossible to support rxvt-unicode on Gentoo.
		16	Problems appearing on Gentoo systems will usually simply be ignored
		17	unless they can be reproduced on non-Gentoo systems.
		18
		19	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
		20	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
		21	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
		22	should give you tabs:
		23
		24	urxvt -pe tabbed
		25
		26	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		27
		28	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		29	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		30	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
		31	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
		32	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
		33
2	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	34	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
3	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	35	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
4	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	36	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
		37	using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
5		38
6	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	39	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
7	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	40	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
8	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.	41	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
9	Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please	42	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
10	download and install the genuine version	43	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
11	(<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the	44	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
12	problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific	45	characters.
13	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
14	Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
15		46
16	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	47	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
17	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	48	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
18	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	49	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
19	other users that might encounter the same issue.	50	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		51	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		52	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
20		53
		54	How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way?
		55	Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the
		56	listening socket and then fork.
		57
		58	How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run urxvtc?
		59	If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and
		60	the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
		61
		62	#!/bin/sh
		63	urxvtc "$@"
		64	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		65	urxvtd -q -o -f
		66	urxvtc "$@"
		67	fi
		68
		69	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
		70	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		71	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		72	existing daemon.
		73
		74	How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
		75	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable
		76	"COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several
		77	programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this
		78	variable to decide whether or not to use color.
		79
		80	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
		81	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		82	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		83	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		84	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
		85	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
		86	a regular xterm.
		87
		88	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		89	snippets:
		90
		91	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		92	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		93	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		94	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		95	echo -n '^[Z'
		96	read term_id
		97	stty icanon echo
		98	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		99	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		100	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		101	fi
		102	fi
		103
		104	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
		105	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
		106	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2xhtml (from Pod::Xhtml).
		107	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
		108
		109	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
		110	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
		111	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
		112	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		113	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		114	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		115	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		116	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
		117
		118	text data bss drs rss filename
		119	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
		120	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
		121
		122	When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft
		123	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
		124	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so.
		125
		126	text data bss drs rss filename
		127	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		128	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		129
		130	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		131	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		132	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		133	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		134	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		135	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		136	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		137	when not used.
		138
		139	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		140	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		141	more memory.
		142
		143	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		144	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		145	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		146	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		147	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		148	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		149
		150	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		151	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		152	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		153	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		154	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		155
		156	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		157	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		158	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		159	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		160
		161	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		162	in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in
		163	C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is
		164	not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my
		165	system with a minimal config:
		166
		167	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		168	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		169	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		170	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		171
		172	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		173
		174	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		175	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		176	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		177	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		178	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		179
		180	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		181	except maybe libX11 :)
		182
		183	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		184	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		185	First of all, please address all transparency related issues to Sasha
		186	Vasko at sasha@aftercode.net and do not bug the author about it. Also,
		187	if you can't get it working consider it a rite of passage: ... and you
		188	failed.
		189
		190	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		191	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		192
		193	1. Use transparent mode:
		194
		195	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		196	urxvt -tr -tint red -sh 40
		197
		198	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		199	support, or you are unable to read.
		200
		201	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		202	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		203	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		204
		205	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.jpg
		206	urxvt -pixmap "background.jpg;:root"
		207
		208	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack AfterImage support, or you
		209	are unable to read.
		210
		211	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		212
		213	urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		214
		215	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		216	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		217	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the
		218	necessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but
		219	that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		220
		221	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		222
		223	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		224	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		225
		226	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		227	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		228	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		229
		230	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		231	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		232	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		233	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		234	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		235	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		236	characters.
		237
		238	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		239	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		240	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		241	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		242	wrong in these cases).
		243
		244	It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		245	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		246	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		247	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		248
		249	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		250	bounding box data is correct.
		251
		252	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		253	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		254	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		255	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		256	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		257
		258	URxvt.colorBD: white
		259	URxvt.colorIT: green
		260
		261	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		262	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		263	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		264	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		265	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		266	good reasons.
		267
		268	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		269	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		270	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		271
		272	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		273	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		274	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		275
		276	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		277
		278	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		279	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		280	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		281
		282	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		283
		284	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		285	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		286	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		287	Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		288	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		289
		290	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		291	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		292
		293	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		294	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		295	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		296	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		297	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		298
		299	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		300	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		301	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts,
		302	because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		303	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		304	look best that way.
		305
		306	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		307
		308	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		309	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		310	standard foreground colour.
		311
		312	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		313	blink when compiled with "--enable-text-blink". Without
		314	"--enable-text-blink", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		315
		316	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		317	foreground/background colors.
		318
		319	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		320
		321	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		322
		323	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		324	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		325	resources (or as long-options).
		326
		327	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		328	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		329
		330	URxvt.color0: #000000
		331	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		332	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		333	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		334	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		335	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		336	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		337	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		338
		339	URxvt.color8: #000054
		340	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		341	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		342	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		343	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		344	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		345	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		346	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		347
		348	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors.
		349
		350	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		351	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		352	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		353	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		354	URxvt.color0: #000000
		355	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		356	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		357	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		358	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		359	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		360	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		361	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		362	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		363	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		364	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		365	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		366	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		367	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		368
		369	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		370
		371	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		372	See next entry.
		373
		374	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		375	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		376	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		377	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		378	display.
		379
		380	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		381	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		382	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		383	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		384	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		385	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		386
		387	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		388	e.g.:
		389
		390	urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		391
		392	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		393	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		394	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		395	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		396
		397	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		398	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		399	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		400
		401	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		402	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		403	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		404	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		405	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		406	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		407	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		408	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		409	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		410	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		411
		412	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		413	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		414	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		415	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		416
		417	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		418	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		419	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		420	has been designed yet).
		421
		422	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		423	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		424
		425	How can I make mplayer display video correctly?
		426	We are working on it, in the meantime, as a workaround, use something
		427	like:
		428
		429	urxvt -b 600 -geometry 20x1 -e sh -c 'mplayer -wid $WINDOWID file...'
		430
		431	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		432	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		433	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		434	setting:
		435
		436	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		437
		438	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		439	more.
		440
		441	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		442	pattern:
		443
		444	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		445
		446	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClick* combination also
		447	selects words like the old code.
		448
		449	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		450	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		451	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		452	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		453
		454	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		455	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		456	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		457	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		458	perl-ext-common resource:
		459
		460	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		461
		462	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		463	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		464	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		465	combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource:
		466
		467	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		468
		469	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		470	See next entry.
		471
		472	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		473	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		474	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		475	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		476	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		477	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		478
		479	You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		480	extension:
		481
		482	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		483
		484	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		485	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		486	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		487	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of whether and
		488	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		489	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		490	report if that helped.
		491
		492	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		493	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		494	correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your
		495	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		496	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		497	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		498	will continue without an input method.
		499
		500	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than
		501	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		502
		503	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		504	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		505	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		506	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		507	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		508	escape character and so on.
		509
		510	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		511	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		512	editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard
		513	that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick
		514	check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
		515	depressed.
		516
		517	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		518	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the Backspace
		519	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		520	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		521
		522	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		523	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one and only
		524	correct choice :).
		525
		526	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
		527	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
		528	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell),
		529	then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in
		530	<termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty
		531	setting).
		532
		533	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
		534
		535	# use Backspace = ^H
		536	$ stty erase ^H
		537	$ urxvt
		538
		539	# use Backspace = ^?
		540	$ stty erase ^?
		541	$ urxvt
		542
		543	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l".
		544
		545	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		546
		547	# use Backspace = ^H
		548	$ stty erase ^H
		549	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		550
		551	# use Backspace = ^?
		552	$ stty erase ^?
		553	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		554
		555	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		556	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		557	properly reflects that.
		558
		559	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		560	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		561	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		562	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		563
		564	Some other Backspace problems:
		565
		566	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		567	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		568
		569	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		570
		571	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		572	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		573	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		574	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		575	keysyms.
		576
		577	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt"
		578
		579	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		580	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		581	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		582	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		583	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		584	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		585	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		586	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		587	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		588	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		589	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		590	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		591	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		592	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		593	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		594	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		595	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		596	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		597	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		598	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		599
		600	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		601
		602	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		603	KP_Insert == Insert
		604	F22 == Print
		605	F27 == Home
		606	F29 == Prior
		607	F33 == End
		608	F35 == Next
		609
		610	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		611	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		612	keys as required for your particular machine.
		613
		614	Terminal Configuration
		615	Can I see a typical configuration?
		616	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like
		617	that much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		618
		619	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		620	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		621	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's
		622	certainly not *typical*, but what's typical...
		623
		624	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		625	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx
		626
		627	These are just for testing stuff.
		628
		629	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		630	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		631
		632	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		633	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		634	type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me
		635	with correct-looking fonts.
		636
		637	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		638	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		639	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		640	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		641	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		642	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		643
		644	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		645	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		646	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		647	write.
		648
		649	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		650	and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the
		651	relevant file and go tot he error line number.
		652
		653	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		654	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		655
		656	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		657	author. The "secondaryScroll" configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		658	apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		659	scrollback buffer.
		660
		661	URxvt.background: #000000
		662	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		663	URxvt.color7: gray90
		664	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		665	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		666	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		667	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		668
		669	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults,
		670	but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set
		671	foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the
		672	colour 7 matches the default foreground colour.
		673
		674	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		675
		676	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts,
		677	but is mostly a nice effect.
		678
		679	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		680	URxvt.loginShell: false
		681	URxvt.meta: ignore
		682	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		683
		684	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		685	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		686
		687	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		688
		689	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		690
		691	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		692
		693	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		694	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		695
		696	URxvt.visualBell: true
		697
		698	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		699
		700	URxvt.insecure: true
		701
		702	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		703
		704	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		705
		706	I once thought this is a great idea.
		707
		708	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		709	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		710	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		711	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		712	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		713	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		714	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		715	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		716	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		717
		718	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		719	overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioned above is actually
		720	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally
		721	different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless
		722	characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from
		723	XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so
		724	I use it for rare characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use
		725	italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with
		726	Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		727
		728	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of
		729	my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal
		730	(Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between
		731	bold and normal fonts.
		732
		733	Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt"
		734	class name. Thats because I use different configs for different
		735	purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and
		736	uses these defaults:
		737
		738	IRC*title: IRC
		739	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		740	IRC*saveLines: 0
		741	IRC*mapAlert: true
		742	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		743	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		744	IRC*colorBD: white
		745	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		746	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		747
		748	"Alt-Shift-1" and "Alt-Shift-2" switch between two different font sizes.
		749	"suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while
		750	keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated
		751	(e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		752
		753	The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor
		754	"xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname"
		755	file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use:
		756
		757	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		758	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		759	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		760	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		761	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		762
		763	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		764	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		765	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		766	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		767	combinations :->
		768
		769	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		770	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		771	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		772	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		773	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		774	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		775
		776	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		777	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		778	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		779
		780	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		781
		782	URxvt.resource: value
		783
		784	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		785	specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it
		786	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		787
21	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	788	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
22	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	789	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
23	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	790	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
24	problem often arises).	791	arises).
25		792
26	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	793	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
27	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	794	can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp and works as user and
		795	admin):
28		796
29	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	797	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
30	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	798	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
31		799
32	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	800	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
33		801
		802	One some systems you might need to set $TERMINFO to the full path of
		803	$HOME/.terminfo for this to work.
		804
34	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	805	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
35	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	806	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
36	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	807	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
37	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	808	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
38	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	809	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
39	though.
40		810
41	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	811	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
42	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	812	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
43	use a resource to set it:	813	resource to set it:
44		814
45	URxvt.termName: rxvt	815	URxvt.termName: rxvt
46		816
47	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	817	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
48	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	818	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt".
49		819
50	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	820	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
51	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	821	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
52	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	822	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
53		823
54	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt.	824	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt.
		825	See next entry.
		826
55	I need a termcap file entry.	827	I need a termcap file entry.
56	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	828	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
57	operating systems still compile some programs using the	829	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
58	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	830	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
59	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	831	for "rxvt-unicode".
60		832
61	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	833	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many
62	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	834	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp
63	infocmp program like this:	835	program like this:
64		836
65	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	837	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
66		838
67	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	839	Or you could use the termcap entry in doc/etc/rxvt-unicode.termcap,
		840	generated by the command above.
68		841
69	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
70	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
71	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
72	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
73	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
74	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
75	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
76	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
77	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
78	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
79	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
80	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
81	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
82	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
83	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
84	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
85	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
86	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
87	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
88	:vs=\E[?25h:
89
90	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	842	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
91	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	843	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
92	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	844	decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
93	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	845	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among
94	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	846	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
95		847
96	TERM rxvt-unicode	848	TERM rxvt-unicode
97		849
98	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	850	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
99		851
100	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	852	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
101		853
102	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	854	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
103		855
104	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	856	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		857	See next entry.
		858
105	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	859	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		860	See next entry.
		861
106	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	862	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
107	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	863	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
108	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	864	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
109	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	865	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
110	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)	866	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
111	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	867	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
112	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	868	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
113	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	869	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
114	how to do this).	870	this).
115		871
116	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	872	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
117	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
118	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
119	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
120	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
121	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
122	please report if that helped.
123
124	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	873	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		874	See next entry.
		875
125	Unicode does not seem to work?	876	Unicode does not seem to work?
126	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	877	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
127	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	878	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
128	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	879	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
129	settings.
130		880
131	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	881	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
132	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	882	programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale,
133	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	883	while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes
134	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	884	the locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this
135	is not going to work.	885	is not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems.
136		886
137	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	887	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
138	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	888	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
139	your .profile.	889	.profile.
140		890
141	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	891	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too
142		892
143	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	893	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
144	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	894	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
145	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	895	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
146	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	896	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
147	If it displays something like:	897	something like:
148		898
149	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	899	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
150		900
151	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	901	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
152		902
153	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	903	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
154	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	904	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
155	just don't support locales :(	905	support locales :(
156		906
157	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
158	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
159	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
160	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
161	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
162	want to display.
163
164	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
165	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
166	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
167	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
168	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
169	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
170	indeed look correct.
171
172	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
173	list, e.g.:
174
175	urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
176
177	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
178	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
179	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
180	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
181	X-server.
182
183	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
184	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
185	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
186
187	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
188	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
189	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
190	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
191	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
192	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
193	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
194	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
195	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
196	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
197	the japanese font.
198
199	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
200	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
201	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
202	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
203	first.
204
205	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
206	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
207	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
208	interface for this has been designed yet).
209
210	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
211	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
212
213	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
214	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
215	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
216	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
217	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
218	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
219	that redraws adjacent characters.
220
221	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
222	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
223	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
224	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
225	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
226
227	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
228	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
229	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
230	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
231
232	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
233	bounding box data is correct.
234
235	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
236	Seems to be a known bug, read
237	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
238	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
239
240	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
241
242	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
243	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
244	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
245	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
246	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
247	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
248	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
249
250	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
251	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
252
253	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
254	14755
255	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
256	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
257	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
258	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
259	telnet escape character and so on.
260
261	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
262	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
263	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
264	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
265	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
266	the effect:
267
268	URxvt.colorBD: white
269	URxvt.colorIT: green
270
271	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
272	can I fix that?
273	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
274	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
275	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
276	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
277	without very good reasons.
278
279	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
280	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
281	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
282	features.
283
284	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
285	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
286	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
287	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
288	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
289
290	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
291	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
292	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
293	respect to standards.
294
295	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
296	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
297
298	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
299	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
300	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
301	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
302	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
303	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
304	anything except the current locale encoding.
305
306	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
307	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
308	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
309	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
310	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
311	emulator).
312
313	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
314	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
315	to carry complete replacements for them :)
316
317	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
318	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
319	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
320
321	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
322	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
323	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
324	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
325	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
326	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
327	the old libW11 emulation.
328
329	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
330	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
331	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
332
333	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	907	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		908	See next entry.
		909
334	Is there an option to switch encodings?	910	Is there an option to switch encodings?
335	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	911	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
336	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	912	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
337	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	913	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
338	terminal I/O.
339		914
340	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	915	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
341	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	916	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
342	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	917	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
343	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	918	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
344	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	919	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
345	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	920	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own,
346	locale-independent table under all locales).	921	locale-independent table under all locales).
347		922
348	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	923	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
349	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	924	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
350	in the interpretation of characters.	925	interpretation of characters.
351		926
352	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	927	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
353	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	928	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
354		929
355	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	930	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
356	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	931	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
357	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	932	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
358	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	933	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
359	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	934	"de" or "german") are also common.
360	are also common.
361		935
362	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	936	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
363	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	937	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
364	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	938	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
365	rxvt-unicode.
366		939
367	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	940	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
368	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	941	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
369		942
370	Can I switch locales at runtime?	943	Can I switch locales at runtime?
371	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	944	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
372	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	945	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
373		946
374	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	947	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
375		948
376	See also the previous answer.	949	See also the previous answer.
377		950
378	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in	951	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
379	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it	952	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
380	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which	953	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
381	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:	954	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
382		955
383	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	956	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
384	xjdic -js	957	xjdic -js
385	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	958	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
386		959
387	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	960	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
388	except for some locales where character width differs between	961	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
389	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	962	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
390		963
391	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?	964	I have problems getting my input method working.
392	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has	965	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input
393	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect	966	method server.
394	immediately:
395		967
396	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"	968	Here is a checklist:
397		969
398	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer	970	- Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS.
399	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,	971	Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS.
400	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
401		972
402	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.	973	- Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your
		974	XIM.
		975	For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		976	"ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent.
403		977
404	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?	978	- Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
405	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For	979	- Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when
406	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera	980	*starting* rxvt-unicode.
407	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might	981	When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2".
408	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:	982	For scim, use "@im=SCIM". You can see what input method servers are
		983	running with this command:
409		984
410	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true	985	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
411	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
412		986
		987
		988
413	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	989	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
414	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	990	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
415	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	991	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
416		992
417	URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	993	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
418		994
419	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	995	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
420	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	996	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your
421	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	997	Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP"
422	as your input method limits you.	998	in a normal way then, as your input method limits you.
423		999
424	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	1000	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
425	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	1001	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
426	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	1002	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
427	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	1003	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
428	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	1004	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
429	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	1005	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
430	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	1006	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
431	cooperate.
432		1007
433	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	1008	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
434		1009
435	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	1010	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
436	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	1011	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
437	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	1012	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
438	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	1013	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
439	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	1014	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
440	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	1015	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
441	a font for your characters.	1016	version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		1017	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
		1018	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian
		1019	Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
442		1020
443	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	1021	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
444	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	1022	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
445	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	1023	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users
446	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	1024	that might encounter the same issue.
447	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
448	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
449		1025
450	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	1026	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
451	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	1027	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
452	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	1028	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
453	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	1029	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling
454	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.	1030	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
		1031	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		1032	more in the future) depends on it.
455		1033
456	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	1034	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" resources
457	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	1035	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
458	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	1036	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
459	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It	1037	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
460	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author	1038	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
461	thinks they look best that way.
462		1039
463	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	1040	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
		1041	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
		1042	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		1043	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
464		1044
465	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	1045	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
466	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	1046	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
467	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	1047	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
468	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
469	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
470	or Shift keys are depressed. See urxvt(7)
471		1048
472	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	1049	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
473	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	1050	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
474	the standard foreground colour.	1051	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1052	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1053	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1054	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
475		1055
476	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	1056	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
477	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	1057	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
478	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	1058	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
479	ignored.	1059	result in very little risk.
480		1060
481	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	1061	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
482	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	1062	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
		1063	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		1064	whether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		1065	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
483		1066
484	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	1067	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor
		1068	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
		1069	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
485		1070
486	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	1071	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
		1072	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t).
487		1073
488	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	1074	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
489	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	1075	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
490	resources (or as long-options).	1076	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
		1077	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
		1078	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
		1079	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
		1080	locale encoding.
491		1081
492	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	1082	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
493	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	1083	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
		1084	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
		1085	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
		1086	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
494		1087
495	URxvt.color0: #000000	1088	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
496	URxvt.color1: #A80000	1089	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
497	URxvt.color2: #00A800	1090	complete replacements for them :)
498	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
499	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
500	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
501	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
502	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
503		1091
504	URxvt.color8: #000054	1092	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
505	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	1093	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
506	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	1094	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
507	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	1095	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
508	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	1096	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
509	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF	1097	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
510	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF	1098	old libW11 emulation.
511	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
512		1099
513	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	1100	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
514	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	1101	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
		1102	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
515		1103
516	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	1104	Character widths are not correct.
517	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1	1105	urxvt uses the system wcwidth function to know the information about the
518	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e	1106	width of characters, so on systems with incorrect locale data you will
519	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1	1107	likely get bad results. Two notorious examples are Solaris 9, where
520	URxvt.color0: #000000	1108	single-width characters like U+2514 are reported as double-width, and
521	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93	1109	Darwin 8, where combining chars are reported having width 1.
522	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
523	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
524	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
525	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
526	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
527	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
528	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
529	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
530	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
531	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
532	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
533	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
534		1110
535	How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way?	1111	The solution is to upgrade your system or switch to a better one. A
536	Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create	1112	possibly working workaround is to use a wcwidth implementation like
537	the listening socket and then fork.
538		1113
539	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?	1114	http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
540	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
541	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
542	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
543	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
544		1115
545	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
546	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
547	only correct choice :).
548
549	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
550	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
551	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
552	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
553	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
554	your stty setting).
555
556	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
557
558	# use Backspace = ^H
559	$ stty erase ^H
560	$ urxvt
561
562	# use Backspace = ^?
563	$ stty erase ^?
564	$ urxvt
565
566	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in urxvt(7).
567
568	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
569
570	# use Backspace = ^H
571	$ stty erase ^H
572	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
573
574	# use Backspace = ^?
575	$ stty erase ^?
576	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
577
578	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
579	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
580	value properly reflects that.
581
582	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
583	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
584	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
585	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
586	termcap/terminfo.
587
588	Some other Backspace problems:
589
590	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
591	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
592	help.
593
594	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
595
596	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
597	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
598	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
599	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
600	associated with keysyms.
601
602	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name
603	URxvt"
604
605	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
606	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
607	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
608	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
609	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
610	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
611	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
612	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
613	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
614	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
615	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
616	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
617	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
618	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
619	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
620	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
621	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
622	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
623	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
624	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
625
626	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
627
628	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
629	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
630	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
631	KP_Insert == Insert
632	F22 == Print
633	F27 == Home
634	F29 == Prior
635	F33 == End
636	F35 == Next
637
638	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
639	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
640	the keys as required for your particular machine.
641
642	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
643	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
644	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
645	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
646	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
647	whether or not to use color.
648
649	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
650	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
651	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
652	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
653	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
654	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
655	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
656
657	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
658	script snippets:
659
660	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
661	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
662	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
663	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
664	echo -n '^[Z'
665	read term_id
666	stty icanon echo
667	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
668	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
669	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
670	fi
671	fi
672
673	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
674	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
675	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
676	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
677
678	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
679	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
680	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
681	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
682	FAQs :).
683

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