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Revision 1.21 by root, Mon Jan 2 15:11:05 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.75 by root, Sun Nov 14 17:59:19 2021 UTC

1	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	1	RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
2	Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?	2	Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
3	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause	3	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
4	extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you	4	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.libera.chat", channel
5	can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables	5	"#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
6	always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS)	6	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
7	after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is
8	a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding
9	conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
10		7
11	text data bss drs rss filename	8	I use Gentoo, and I have a problem...
12	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything	9	There are two big problems with Gentoo Linux: first, most if not all
13	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything	10	Gentoo systems are completely broken (missing or mismatched header
		11	files, broken compiler etc. are just the tip of the iceberg); secondly,
		12	it should be called Gentoo GNU/Linux.
14		13
15	When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves	14	For these reasons, it is impossible to support rxvt-unicode on Gentoo.
16	xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11	15	Problems appearing on Gentoo systems will usually simply be ignored
17	and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.	16	unless they can be reproduced on non-Gentoo systems.
18		17
19	text data bss drs rss filename
20	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
21	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
22
23	The very large size of the text section is explained by the
24	east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but
25	nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core
26	fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k
27	emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course
28	doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font
29	instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft
30	indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used.
31
32	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
33	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
34	more memory.
35
36	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k),
37	this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
38	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or
39	konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after
40	exit, plus half aminute of startup time, including the hundreds of
41	warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*.
42
43	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
44	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is:
45	I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
46	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me).
47	Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
48
49	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but
50	in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability
51	limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale
52	support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than
53	C++ itself.
54
55	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write
56	programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to
57	write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large
58	libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is
59	what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config:
60
61	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
62	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
63	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
64	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
65
66	And here is rxvt-unicode:
67
68	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
69	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
70	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
71	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
72	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
73
74	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in
75	statically), except maybe libX11 :)
76
77	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?	18	Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
78	rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with	19	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
79	tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing	20	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these
80	programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into	21	should give you tabs:
81	other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming	22
		23	urxvt -pe tabbed
		24
		25	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
		26
		27	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window
		28	managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow
		29	it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed
82	"Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt)	30	or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
83	terminal as an example embedding application.	31	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
84		32
85	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	33	How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
86	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	34	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
87	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.	35	sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When
88	When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the	36	using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon.
89	daemon.
90		37
91	I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	38	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
92	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	39	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something
93	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.	40	you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings
94	Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please	41	that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by
95	download and install the genuine version	42	design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be
96	(<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the	43	loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your
97	problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific	44	characters.
98	to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
99	Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).
100		45
101	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	46	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
102	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's	47	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6
103	also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for	48	bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
104	other users that might encounter the same issue.	49	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if
		50	full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets
		51	worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
105		52
		53	How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way?
		54	Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the
		55	listening socket and then fork.
		56
		57	How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run urxvtc?
		58	If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and
		59	the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
		60
		61	#!/bin/sh
		62	urxvtc "$@"
		63	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		64	urxvtd -q -o -f
		65	urxvtc "$@"
		66	fi
		67
		68	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
		69	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		70	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		71	existing daemon.
		72
		73	Another option is to use systemd socket-based activation (see
		74	systemd.socket(5)). Here is an example of a service unit file and of a
		75	socket unit file for the default socket path:
		76
		77	urxvtd.service
		78	[Unit]
		79	Description=urxvt terminal daemon
		80	Requires=urxvtd.socket
		81
		82	[Service]
		83	ExecStart=/usr/bin/urxvtd -o
		84
		85	urxvtd.socket
		86	[Unit]
		87	Description=urxvt terminal daemon socket
		88
		89	[Socket]
		90	ListenStream=%h/.urxvt/urxvtd-%H
		91
		92	[Install]
		93	WantedBy=sockets.target
		94
		95	How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular
		96	xterm? I need this to decide about setting colours etc.
		97	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable
		98	"COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several
		99	programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this
		100	variable to decide whether or not to use colour.
		101
		102	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
		103	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		104	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		105	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		106	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets)
		107	then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from
		108	a regular xterm.
		109
		110	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		111	snippets:
		112
		113	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
		114	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
		115	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
		116	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
		117	printf "\eZ"
		118	read term_id
		119	stty icanon echo
		120	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		121	printf '\e[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		122	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		123	fi
		124	fi
		125
		126	How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
		127	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl,
		128	one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2xhtml (from Pod::Xhtml).
		129	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
		130
		131	Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
		132	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
		133	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
		134	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always
		135	being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after
		136	startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit
		137	unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion,
		138	iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode.
		139
		140	text data bss drs rss filename
		141	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
		142	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
		143
		144	When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft
		145	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
		146	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so.
		147
		148	text data bss drs rss filename
		149	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
		150	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
		151
		152	The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian
		153	encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else
		154	and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those
		155	encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++
		156	compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of
		157	memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds
		158	a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even
		159	when not used.
		160
		161	Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of
		162	one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use
		163	more memory.
		164
		165	Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this
		166	still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like
		167	gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole
		168	(22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half
		169	a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits
		170	out), it fares extremely well *g*.
		171
		172	Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
		173	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I
		174	had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a
		175	fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put
		176	even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
		177
		178	My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in
		179	the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits
		180	are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and
		181	unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself.
		182
		183	Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs
		184	in C that use gobs of memory, and certainly possible to write programs
		185	in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this
		186	is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on
		187	my system with a minimal config:
		188
		189	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		190	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000)
		191	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000)
		192	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		193
		194	And here is rxvt-unicode:
		195
		196	libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000)
		197	libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000)
		198	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000)
		199	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000)
		200	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
		201
		202	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
		203	except maybe libX11 :)
		204
		205	Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
		206	I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
		207	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode,
		208	so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you
		209	may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a
		210	rite of passage: ... and you failed.
		211
		212	Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option
		213	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		214
		215	1. Use pseudo-transparency:
		216
		217	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		218	urxvt -tr -tint red -sh 40
		219
		220	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		221	support, or you are unable to read. This method requires that the
		222	background-setting program sets the _XROOTPMAP_ID or ESETROOT_PMAP_ID
		223	property. Compatible programs are Esetroot, hsetroot and feh.
		224
		225	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		226	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		227	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		228
		229	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.jpg
		230	urxvt -pixmap "background.jpg;:root"
		231
		232	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack GDK-PixBuf support, or you
		233	are unable to read.
		234
		235	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		236
		237	urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		238
		239	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		240	doesn't work for you, find a working composite manager or window
		241	manager, both are required to support ARGB visuals for client windows.
		242
		243	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		244
		245	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		246	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		247
		248	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000
		249	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		250	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		251
		252	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		253	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
		254	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal
		255	use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode
		256	will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too
		257	wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent
		258	characters.
		259
		260	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		261	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
		262	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct
		263	way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is
		264	wrong in these cases).
		265
		266	It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		267	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try
		268	using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't
		269	work, you might be forced to use a different font.
		270
		271	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
		272	bounding box data is correct.
		273
		274	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		275	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		276	("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		277	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		278	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		279
		280	URxvt.colorBD: white
		281	URxvt.colorIT: green
		282
		283	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		284	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		285	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the
		286	standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of
		287	course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very
		288	good reasons.
		289
		290	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
		291	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will
		292	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		293
		294	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		295	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the
		296	same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately:
		297
		298	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		299
		300	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		301	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		302	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		303
		304	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		305
		306	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		307	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		308	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		309	Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		310	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		311
		312	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		313	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		314
		315	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		316	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it
		317	is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		318	antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of
		319	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		320
		321	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		322	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		323	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts,
		324	because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		325	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		326	look best that way.
		327
		328	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		329
		330	What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		331	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the
		332	standard foreground colour.
		333
		334	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text
		335	blink when compiled with "--enable-text-blink". Without
		336	"--enable-text-blink", the blink attribute will be ignored.
		337
		338	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		339	foreground/background colours.
		340
		341	color0-7 are the low-intensity colours.
		342
		343	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colours.
		344
		345	I don't like the screen colours. How do I change them?
		346	You can change the screen colours at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
		347	resources (or as long-options).
		348
		349	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including
		350	the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		351
		352	URxvt.color0: #000000
		353	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		354	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		355	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		356	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		357	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		358	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		359	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		360
		361	URxvt.color8: #000054
		362	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		363	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		364	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		365	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		366	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		367	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		368	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		369
		370	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colours.
		371
		372	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		373	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		374	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		375	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		376	URxvt.color0: #000000
		377	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		378	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		379	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		380	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		381	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		382	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		383	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		384	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		385	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		386	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		387	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		388	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		389	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		390
		391	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		392
		393	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		394	See next entry.
		395
		396	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		397	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
		398	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your
		399	system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to
		400	display.
		401
		402	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
		403	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		404	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		405	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		406	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		407	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		408
		409	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		410	e.g.:
		411
		412	urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		413
		414	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font.
		415	If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next
		416	font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		417	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		418
		419	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
		420	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size,
		421	which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		422
		423	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		424	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		425	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as
		426	it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a
		427	japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display.
		428	Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese
		429	characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		430	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese
		431	font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font
		432	for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		433
		434	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		435	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a
		436	preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		437	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		438
		439	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		440	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		441	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		442	has been designed yet).
		443
		444	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can
		445	I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
		446
		447	How can I make mplayer display video correctly?
		448	We are working on it, in the meantime, as a workaround, use something
		449	like:
		450
		451	urxvt -b 600 -geometry 20x1 -e sh -c 'mplayer -wid $WINDOWID file...'
		452
		453	Why is the cursor now blinking in emacs/vi/...?
		454	This is likely caused by your editor/program's use of the "cvvis"
		455	terminfo capability. Emacs uses it by default, as well as some versions
		456	of vi and possibly other programs.
		457
		458	In emacs, you can switch that off by adding this to your ".emacs" file:
		459
		460	(setq visible-cursor nil)
		461
		462	For other programs, if they do not have an option, your have to remove
		463	the "cvvis" capability from the terminfo description.
		464
		465	When urxvt first added the blinking cursor option, it didn't add a
		466	"cvvis" capability, which served no purpose before. Version 9.21
		467	introduced "cvvis" (and the ability to control blinking independent of
		468	cursor shape) for compatibility with other terminals, which
		469	traditionally use a blinking cursor for "cvvis". This also reflects the
		470	intent of programs such as emacs, who expect "cvvis" to enable a
		471	blinking cursor.
		472
		473	Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		474	The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		475	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		476	setting:
		477
		478	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		479
		480	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and
		481	more.
		482
		483	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this
		484	pattern:
		485
		486	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		487
		488	Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClick* combination also
		489	selects words like the old code.
		490
		491	I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		492	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		493	perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		494	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		495
		496	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		497	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		498	PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to
		499	disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this
		500	perl-ext-common resource:
		501
		502	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		503
		504	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		505	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		506	scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other
		507	combination by adding a keysym resource that binds the desired
		508	combination to the "start" action of "searchable-scrollback" and another
		509	one that binds M-s to the "builtin:" action:
		510
		511	URxvt.keysym.CM-s: searchable-scrollback:start
		512	URxvt.keysym.M-s: builtin:
		513
		514	The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		515	See next entry.
		516
		517	During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		518	These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal
		519	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		520	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		521	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in
		522	some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		523
		524	You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline"
		525	extension:
		526
		527	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
		528
		529	My numeric keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
		530	Some Debian GNU/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		531	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
		532	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of whether and
		533	how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
		534	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please
		535	report if that helped.
		536
		537	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
		538	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		539	correctly, or you specified a preeditType that is not supported by your
		540	input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input
		541	method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not
		542	support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode
		543	will continue without an input method.
		544
		545	In this case either do not specify a preeditType or specify more than
		546	one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
		547
		548	If it still doesn't work, then maybe your input method doesn't support
		549	compose sequences - to fall back to the built-in one, make sure you
		550	don't specify an input method via "-im" or "XMODIFIERS".
		551
		552	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
		553	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
		554	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		555	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
		556	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet
		557	escape character and so on.
		558
		559	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
		560	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some
		561	editors prematurely may leave it active. I've heard that tcsh may use
		562	mouse reporting unless it is otherwise specified. A quick check is to
		563	see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are pressed.
		564
		565	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
		566	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the Backspace
		567	keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are
		568	two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
		569
		570	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
		571	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one and only
		572	correct choice :).
		573
		574	It is possible to toggle between "^H" and "^?" with the DECBKM private
		575	mode:
		576
		577	# use Backspace = ^H
		578	$ stty erase ^H
		579	$ printf "\e[?67h"
		580
		581	# use Backspace = ^?
		582	$ stty erase ^?
		583	$ printf "\e[?67l"
		584
		585	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		586	if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		587	properly reflects that.
		588
		589	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
		590	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the
		591	Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for
		592	Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		593
		594	Some other Backspace problems:
		595
		596	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect
		597	Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		598
		599	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		600
		601	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		602	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		603	you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can
		604	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with
		605	keysyms.
		606
		607	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt"
		608
		609	URxvt.keysym.Prior: \033[5~
		610	URxvt.keysym.Next: \033[6~
		611	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[7~
		612	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[8~
		613	URxvt.keysym.Up: \033[A
		614	URxvt.keysym.Down: \033[B
		615	URxvt.keysym.Right: \033[C
		616	URxvt.keysym.Left: \033[D
		617
		618	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
		619
		620	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		621	KP_Insert == Insert
		622	F22 == Print
		623	F27 == Home
		624	F29 == Prior
		625	F33 == End
		626	F35 == Next
		627
		628	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
		629	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the
		630	keys as required for your particular machine.
		631
		632	Terminal Configuration
		633	Can I see a typical configuration?
		634	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like
		635	that much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		636
		637	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		638	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		639	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's
		640	certainly not *typical*, but what's typical...
		641
		642	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		643	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/some/path
		644
		645	These are just for testing stuff.
		646
		647	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		648	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		649
		650	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		651	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		652	type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me
		653	with correct-looking fonts.
		654
		655	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		656	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		657	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		658	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		659	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		660	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		661
		662	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		663	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		664	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		665	write.
		666
		667	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		668	and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the
		669	relevant file and go to the error line number.
		670
		671	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		672	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		673
		674	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		675	author. The "secondaryScroll" configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		676	apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		677	scrollback buffer.
		678
		679	URxvt.background: #000000
		680	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		681	URxvt.color7: gray90
		682	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		683	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		684	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		685	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		686
		687	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults,
		688	but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set
		689	foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the
		690	colour 7 matches the default foreground colour.
		691
		692	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		693
		694	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts,
		695	but is mostly a nice effect.
		696
		697	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		698	URxvt.loginShell: false
		699	URxvt.meta: ignore
		700	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		701
		702	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		703	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		704
		705	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		706
		707	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		708
		709	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		710
		711	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		712	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		713
		714	URxvt.visualBell: true
		715
		716	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		717
		718	URxvt.insecure: true
		719
		720	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		721
		722	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		723
		724	I once thought this is a great idea.
		725
		726	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		727	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		728	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		729	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		730	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		731	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		732	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		733	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		734	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		735
		736	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		737	overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioned above is actually
		738	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally
		739	different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless
		740	characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from
		741	XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so
		742	I use it for rare characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use
		743	italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with
		744	Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		745
		746	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of
		747	my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal
		748	(Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between
		749	bold and normal fonts.
		750
		751	Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt"
		752	class name. That is because I use different configs for different
		753	purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and
		754	uses these defaults:
		755
		756	IRC*title: IRC
		757	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		758	IRC*saveLines: 0
		759	IRC*mapAlert: true
		760	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		761	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		762	IRC*colorBD: white
		763	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		764	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		765
		766	"Alt-Ctrl-1" and "Alt-Ctrl-2" switch between two different font sizes.
		767	"suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while
		768	keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated
		769	(e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		770
		771	The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor
		772	"xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname"
		773	file for different hosts, for example, on my main desktop, I use:
		774
		775	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		776	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		777	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		778	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		779	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		780
		781	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		782	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		783	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		784	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		785	combinations :->
		786
		787	Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		788	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		789	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		790	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		791	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		792	$HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display.
		793
		794	If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources
		795	are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after
		796	every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources).
		797
		798	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		799
		800	URxvt.resource: value
		801
		802	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		803	specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it
		804	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		805
106	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	806	When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
107	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely	807	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
108	available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same	808	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often
109	problem often arises).	809	arises).
110		810
111	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,	811	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this
112	this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	812	can be done by simply installing rxvt-unicode on the remote system as
		813	well (in case you have a nice package manager ready), or you can install
		814	the terminfo database manually like this (with ncurses infocmp. works as
		815	user and root):
113		816
114	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	817	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
115	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	818	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
116		819
117	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	820	One some systems you might need to set $TERMINFO to the full path of
		821	$HOME/.terminfo for this to work.
118		822
119	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	823	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
120	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of	824	"TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
121	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and	825	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
122	different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen	826	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
123	applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,	827	quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though.
124	though.
125		828
126	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)	829	If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you
127	you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or	830	can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a
128	use a resource to set it:	831	resource to set it:
129		832
130	URxvt.termName: rxvt	833	URxvt.termName: rxvt
131		834
132	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also	835	If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace
133	replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	836	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt".
134		837
		838	nano fails with "Error opening terminal: rxvt-unicode"
		839	This exceptionally confusing and useless error message is printed by
		840	nano when it can't find the terminfo database. Nothing is wrong with
		841	your terminal, read the previous answer for a solution.
		842
135	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	843	"tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
136	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it	844	Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by
137	by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.	845	"enacs=\E[0@" and try again.
138		846
139	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.	847	"bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt.
		848	See next entry.
		849
140	I need a termcap file entry.	850	I need a termcap file entry.
141	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or	851	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
142	operating systems still compile some programs using the	852	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
143	long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)	853	library (Fedora's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry for
144	and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".	854	"rxvt-unicode".
145		855
146	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many	856	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many
147	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's	857	cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp
148	infocmp program like this:	858	program like this:
149		859
150	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	860	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
151		861
152	Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:	862	Or you could use the termcap entry in doc/etc/rxvt-unicode.termcap,
		863	generated by the command above.
153		864
154	rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
155	:am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
156	:co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
157	:AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
158	:K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
159	:RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
160	:as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
161	:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
162	:dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
163	:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
164	:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
165	:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
166	:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
167	:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
168	:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
169	:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
170	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
171	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
172	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
173	:vs=\E[?25h:
174
175	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?	865	Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
176	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	866	The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
177	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	867	decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
178	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file	868	file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among
179	(among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	869	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
180		870
181	TERM rxvt-unicode	871	TERM rxvt-unicode
182		872
183	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:	873	to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:
184		874
185	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	875	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
186		876
187	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".	877	to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".
188		878
189	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	879	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
		880	See next entry.
		881
190	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	882	Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
		883	See next entry.
		884
191	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	885	Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
192	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged	886	Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
193	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by	887	distributions break rxvt-unicode by setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which
194	setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.	888	doesn't have these extra features. Unfortunately, some of these
195	Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
196	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,	889	furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so
197	so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I	890	you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in
198	log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on	891	to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do
199	how to do this).	892	this).
200		893
201	My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?	894	Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
202	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
203	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
204	caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
205	and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
206	compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
207	please report if that helped.
208
209	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	895	Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
		896	See next entry.
		897
210	Unicode does not seem to work?	898	Unicode does not seem to work?
211	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character	899	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
212	but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program	900	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output
213	output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale	901	is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
214	settings.
215		902
216	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the	903	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
217	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the	904	programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale,
218	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the	905	while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes
219	locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this	906	the locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this
220	is not going to work.	907	is not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems.
221		908
222	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will	909	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely
223	likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in	910	run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your
224	your .profile.	911	.profile.
225		912
226	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	913	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too
227		914
228	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification	915	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not
229	not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command	916	supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which
230	which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale	917	displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as
231	settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).	918	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays
232	If it displays something like:	919	something like:
233		920
234	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...	921	locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...
235		922
236	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.	923	Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.
237		924
238	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly	925	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
239	then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs	926	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
240	just don't support locales :(	927	support locales :(
241		928
242	Why do some characters look so much different than others?
243	How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
244	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
245	Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
246	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
247	want to display.
248
249	rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
250	Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
251	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
252	don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
253	artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
254	has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
255	indeed look correct.
256
257	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
258	list, e.g.:
259
260	rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...
261
262	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
263	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
264	the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
265	up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
266	X-server.
267
268	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
269	base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
270	size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.
271
272	Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
273	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
274	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
275	is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
276	first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
277	font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
278	Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
279	so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
280	look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
281	still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
282	the japanese font.
283
284	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
285	font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
286	list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
287	japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
288	first.
289
290	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
291	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
292	different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
293	interface for this has been designed yet).
294
295	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
296	"Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).
297
298	Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
299	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
300	character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
301	terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
302	Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
303	just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
304	that redraws adjacent characters.
305
306	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
307	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
308	bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
309	correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
310	unfortunately is wrong in these cases).
311
312	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
313	freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
314	might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
315	that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.
316
317	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
318	bounding box data is correct.
319
320	On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
321	Seems to be a known bug, read
322	<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
323	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
324
325	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
326
327	My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
328	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
329	set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
330	by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
331	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
332	keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
333	then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
334
335	In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
336	than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.
337
338	I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
339	14755
340	Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
341	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
342	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
343	other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
344	telnet escape character and so on.
345
346	How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
347	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
348	settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
349	effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
350	bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
351	the effect:
352
353	URxvt.colorBD: white
354	URxvt.colorIT: green
355
356	Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
357	can I fix that?
358	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
359	weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
360	the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
361	of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
362	without very good reasons.
363
364	In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
365	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
366	will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
367	features.
368
369	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
370	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
371	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
372	it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
373	requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.
374
375	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
376	nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
377	representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
378	respect to standards.
379
380	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
381	and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.
382
383	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
384	apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
385	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
386	wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
387	encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
388	every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
389	anything except the current locale encoding.
390
391	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
392	by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
393	handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
394	doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
395	OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
396	emulator).
397
398	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
399	the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
400	to carry complete replacements for them :)
401
402	I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
403	Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
404	problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.
405
406	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
407	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
408	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
409	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
410	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
411	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
412	the old libW11 emulation.
413
414	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
415	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
416	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
417
418	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?	929	How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
		930	See next entry.
		931
419	Is there an option to switch encodings?	932	Is there an option to switch encodings?
420	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,	933	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
421	and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't	934	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know
422	even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to	935	about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
423	terminal I/O.
424		936
425	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for	937	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
426	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating	938	selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
427	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties	939	this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
428	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.	940	such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
429	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,	941	Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
430	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,	942	"xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own,
431	locale-independent table under all locales).	943	locale-independent table under all locales).
432		944
433	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.	945	Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All
434	All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree	946	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
435	in the interpretation of characters.	947	interpretation of characters.
436		948
437	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,	949	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
438	nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.	950	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
439		951
440	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable	952	On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
441	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an	953	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
442	already-installed locale. Common names for locales are	954	locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15",
443	"en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.	955	"ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e.
444	"language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")	956	"de" or "german") are also common.
445	are also common.
446		957
447	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the	958	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
448	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.	959	encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
449	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to	960	"de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode.
450	rxvt-unicode.
451		961
452	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you	962	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
453	start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.	963	rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.
454		964
455	Can I switch locales at runtime?	965	Can I switch locales at runtime?
456	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets	966	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
457	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".	967	rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".
458		968
459	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	969	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
460		970
461	See also the previous answer.	971	See also the previous answer.
462		972
463	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in	973	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one
464	one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it	974	locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g.
465	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which	975	UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first
466	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:	976	switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
467		977
468	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS	978	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
469	xjdic -js	979	xjdic -js
470	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8	980	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
471		981
472	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,	982	You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
473	except for some locales where character width differs between	983	except for some locales where character width differs between program-
474	program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.	984	and rxvt-unicode-locales.
475		985
476	Can I switch the fonts at runtime?	986	I have problems getting my input method working.
477	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has	987	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input
478	the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect	988	method server.
479	immediately:
480		989
481	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"	990	Here is a checklist:
482		991
483	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer	992	- Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS.
484	a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,	993	Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS.
485	where japanese fonts would only be in your way.
486		994
487	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.	995	- Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your
		996	XIM.
		997	For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		998	"ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent.
488		999
489	Why do italic characters look as if clipped?	1000	- Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
490	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For	1001	- Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when
491	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera	1002	*starting* rxvt-unicode.
492	Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might	1003	When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2".
493	be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:	1004	For scim, use "@im=SCIM". You can see what input method servers are
		1005	running with this command:
494		1006
495	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true	1007	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
496	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
497		1008
498	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?	1009	My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
499	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest	1010	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of
500	of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":	1011	the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":
501		1012
502	URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP	1013	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
503		1014
504	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and	1015	Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still
505	still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not	1016	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your
506	be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,	1017	Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP"
507	as your input method limits you.	1018	in a normal way then, as your input method limits you.
508		1019
509	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.	1020	Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
510	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by	1021	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
511	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory	1022	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
512	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering	1023	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
513	at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally	1024	exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while
514	succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,	1025	SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes
515	however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides	1026	cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
516	cooperate.
517		1027
518	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.	1028	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
519		1029
520	Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?	1030	Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
521	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for	1031	I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
522	something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure	1032	You should build one binary with the default options. configure now
523	out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a	1033	enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
524	resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no	1034	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling
525	Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find	1035	them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter
526	a font for your characters.	1036	should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely
		1037	more in the future) depends on it.
527		1038
528	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger	1039	You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" and "perl-ext" resources
529	scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will	1040	system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful
530	use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to	1041	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
531	almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will	1042	"perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
532	then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"	1043	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
533	it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
534		1044
535	Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?	1045	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one
536	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,	1046	with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with
537	as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to	1047	"--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
538	disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves	1048	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
539	lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
540		1049
541	Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?	1050	I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
542	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to	1051	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
543	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core	1052	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
544	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It
545	has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author
546	thinks they look best that way.
547		1053
548	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.	1054	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
		1055	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
		1056	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1057	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1058	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1059	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
549		1060
550	Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.	1061	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very
551	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing	1062	early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before
552	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.	1063	main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should
553	I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise	1064	result in very little risk.
554	specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
555	or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7)
556		1065
557	What's with this bold/blink stuff?	1066	I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
558	If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using	1067	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in
559	the standard foreground colour.	1068	your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
		1069	whether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that
		1070	wchar_t is represented as unicode.
560		1071
561	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the	1072	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor
562	text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard	1073	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
563	colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be	1074	wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
564	ignored.
565		1075
566	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set	1076	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and
567	high-intensity foreground/background colors.	1077	"UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t).
568		1078
569	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.	1079	"__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps
		1080	in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
		1081	representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t
		1082	(as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without
		1083	implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There
		1084	simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current
		1085	locale encoding.
570		1086
571	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.	1087	Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by
		1088	carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with
		1089	them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple
		1090	conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements
		1091	encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator).
572		1092
573	I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?	1093	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
574	You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults	1094	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
575	resources (or as long-options).	1095	complete replacements for them :)
576		1096
577	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,	1097	How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
578	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:	1098	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the
		1099	X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer
		1100	supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single
		1101	font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
		1102	"-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the
		1103	old libW11 emulation.
579		1104
580	URxvt.color0: #000000	1105	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
581	URxvt.color1: #A80000	1106	multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
582	URxvt.color2: #00A800	1107	likely limited to 8-bit encodings.
583	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
584	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
585	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
586	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
587	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
588		1108
589	URxvt.color8: #000054	1109	Character widths are not correct.
590	URxvt.color9: #FF0054	1110	urxvt uses the system wcwidth function to know the information about the
591	URxvt.color10: #00FF54	1111	width of characters, so on systems with incorrect locale data you will
592	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54	1112	likely get bad results. Two notorious examples are Solaris 9, where
593	URxvt.color12: #0000FF	1113	single-width characters like U+2514 are reported as double-width, and
594	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF	1114	Darwin 8, where combining chars are reported having width 1.
595	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
596	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
597		1115
598	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described	1116	The solution is to upgrade your system or switch to a better one. A
599	(not by me) as "pretty girly".	1117	possibly working workaround is to use a wcwidth implementation like
600		1118
601	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1	1119	http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
602	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
603	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
604	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
605	URxvt.color0: #000000
606	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
607	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
608	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
609	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
610	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
611	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
612	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
613	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
614	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
615	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
616	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
617	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
618	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
619		1120
620	How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?
621	Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the
622	listening socket and then fork.
623
624	What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
625	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
626	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
627	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
628	Backspace: "^H" and "^?".
629
630	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
631	debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
632	only correct choice :).
633
634	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
635	value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
636	wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
637	shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
638	CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
639	your stty setting).
640
641	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
642
643	# use Backspace = ^H
644	$ stty erase ^H
645	$ rxvt
646
647	# use Backspace = ^?
648	$ stty erase ^?
649	$ rxvt
650
651	Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in rxvt(7).
652
653	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
654
655	# use Backspace = ^H
656	$ stty erase ^H
657	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
658
659	# use Backspace = ^?
660	$ stty erase ^?
661	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
662
663	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
664	but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
665	value properly reflects that.
666
667	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
668	problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
669	the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
670	vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
671	termcap/terminfo.
672
673	Some other Backspace problems:
674
675	some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
676	expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
677	help.
678
679	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
680
681	I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
682	There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
683	Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
684	option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
685	associated with keysyms.
686
687	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
688	URxvt"
689
690	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
691	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
692	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
693	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
694	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
695	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
696	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
697	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
698	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
699	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
700	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
701	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
702	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
703	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
704	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
705	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
706	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
707	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
708	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
709	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
710
711	See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.
712
713	I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
714	do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
715	following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
716	KP_Insert == Insert
717	F22 == Print
718	F27 == Home
719	F29 == Prior
720	F33 == End
721	F35 == Next
722
723	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
724	possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
725	the keys as required for your particular machine.
726
727	How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
728	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
729	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
730	can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
731	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
732	whether or not to use color.
733
734	How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
735	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
736	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
737	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
738	rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
739	these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
740	distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.
741
742	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
743	script snippets:
744
745	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
746	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
747	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
748	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
749	echo -n '^[Z'
750	read term_id
751	stty icanon echo
752	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
753	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
754	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
755	fi
756	fi
757
758	How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
759	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
760	/usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
761	Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".
762
763	My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
764	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
765	channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
766	be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
767	FAQs :).
768

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