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Revision 1.113 by root, Thu Feb 2 18:04:45 2006 UTC

…		…
19	all escape sequences, and other background information.	19	all escape sequences, and other background information.
20		20
21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at	21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at
22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.	22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.
23		23
24	=head1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	24	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
25		25
26	=head2 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select
27	single words?
28		26
29	Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can use	27	=head2 Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
30	the following resource:
31		28
32	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)	29	=head3 My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
33		30
34	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended	31	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
35	more and more.	32	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		33	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
36		34
37	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:	35	=head3 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
38		36
39	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)	37	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
		38	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
		39	give you tabs:
40		40
41	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also	41	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed
42	selects words like the old code.
43		42
44	=over 4
45
46	=item I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
47	change/disable it?
48
49	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
50	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
51	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
52
53	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
54	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
55	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
56	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
57	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
58
59	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
60
61	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
62	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
63	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
64	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
65
66	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
67
68	=item The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how
69	do I switch this off?
70
71	=item During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor
72	outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
73
74	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
75	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
76	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
77	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
78	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
79
80	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
81	extension:
82
83	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline	43	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
84		44
85	=item Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?	45	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers
		46	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
		47	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
		48	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
		49	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
86		50
87	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X	51	=head3 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
88	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
89	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
90	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
91	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
92		52
93	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that	53	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
94	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to	54	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
95	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).	55	using the @@URXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
		56	daemon.
96		57
97	Also consider the form resources have to use:	58	=head3 Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
98		59
99	URxvt.resource: value	60	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
		61	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
		62	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
		63	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
		64	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
100		65
101	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of	66	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
102	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it	67	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
103	works. If unsure, use the form above.	68	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
		69	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
		70	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
		71	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
104		72
105	=item I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?	73	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
106		74
107	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so	75	Try C<@@URXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@URXVT_NAME@@d to open the
108	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may	76	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
109	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
110	of passage: ... and you failed.
111		77
112	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option	78	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically when I run URXVT_NAME@@c?
113	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
114		79
115	1. Use inheritPixmap:	80	If you want to start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically whenever you run
		81	@@URXVT_NAME@@c and the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
116		82
117	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg	83	#!/bin/sh
118	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40	84	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		85	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		86	@@URXVT_NAME@@d -q -o -f
		87	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		88	fi
119		89
120	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting	90	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
121	support, or you are unable to read.	91	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		92	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		93	existing daemon.
122		94
123	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you	95	=head3 How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
124	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
125	your picture with gimp:
126		96
127	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm	97	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM",
128	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background	98	so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
		99	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
		100	whether or not to use color.
129		101
130	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you	102	=head3 How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
131	are unable to read.
132		103
133	3. Use an ARGB visual:	104	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		105	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		106	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		107	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
		108	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
		109	regular xterm.
134		110
135	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc	111	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		112	snippets:
136		113
137	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that	114	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
138	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't	115	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
139	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the neccessary	116	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
140	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that	117	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
141	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.	118	echo -n '^[Z'
		119	read term_id
		120	stty icanon echo
		121	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		122	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		123	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		124	fi
		125	fi
142		126
143	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:	127	=head3 How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
144		128
145	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \	129	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
146	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000	130	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to
		131	the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
147		132
148	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
149	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
150	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
151
152	=item Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?	133	=head3 Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
153		134
154	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra	135	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
155	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see	136	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
156	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being	137	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being
157	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even	138	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even
…		…
161		142
162	text data bss drs rss filename	143	text data bss drs rss filename
163	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything	144	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
164	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything	145	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
165		146
166	When you C<--enable-everything> (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft	147	When you C<--enable-everything> (which I<is> unfair, as this involves xft
167	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my	148	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
168	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.	149	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.
169		150
170	text data bss drs rss filename	151	text data bss drs rss filename
171	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything	152	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
…		…
189	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra	170	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra
190	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of	171	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of
191	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares	172	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares
192	extremely well *g*.	173	extremely well *g*.
193		174
194	=item Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?	175	=head3 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
195		176
196	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had	177	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had
197	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction	178	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction
198	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even	179	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even
199	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.	180	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
…		…
223	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)	204	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
224		205
225	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),	206	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
226	except maybe libX11 :)	207	except maybe libX11 :)
227		208
228	=item Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
229		209
230	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a	210	=head2 Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
231	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
232	give you tabs:
233		211
234	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed	212	=head3 I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
235		213
		214	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so
		215	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may
		216	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
		217	of passage: ... and you failed.
		218
		219	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option
		220	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		221
		222	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		223
		224	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		225	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40
		226
		227	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		228	support, or you are unable to read.
		229
		230	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		231	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		232	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		233
		234	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		235	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		236
		237	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you
		238	are unable to read.
		239
		240	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		241
		242	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		243
		244	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		245	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		246	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the neccessary
		247	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that
		248	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		249
		250	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		251
		252	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		253	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		254
		255	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
		256	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		257	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		258
		259	=head3 Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		260
		261	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
		262	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
		263	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
		264	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
		265	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
		266
		267	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		268	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
		269	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
		270	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
		271	cases).
		272
		273	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		274	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using
		275	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you
		276	might be forced to use a different font.
		277
		278	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding
		279	box data is correct.
		280
		281	=head3 How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		282
		283	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		284	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		285	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		286	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		287
		288	URxvt.colorBD: white
		289	URxvt.colorIT: green
		290
		291	=head3 Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		292
		293	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		294	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
		295	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
		296	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
		297
		298	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
		299	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
		300	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		301
		302	=head3 Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		303
		304	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
		305	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
		306
		307	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		308
		309	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		310	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		311	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		312
		313	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		314
		315	=head3 Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		316
		317	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		318	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		319	Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
		320	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		321
		322	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		323	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		324
		325	=head3 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		326
		327	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
		328	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		329	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
		330	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		331
		332	=head3 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		333
		334	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		335	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
		336	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		337	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		338	look best that way.
		339
		340	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		341
		342	=head3 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		343
		344	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
		345	standard foreground colour.
		346
		347	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
		348	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
		349	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
		350	ignored.
		351
		352	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		353	foreground/background colors.
		354
		355	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		356
		357	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		358
		359	=head3 I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		360
		361	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
		362	resources (or as long-options).
		363
		364	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
		365	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		366
		367	URxvt.color0: #000000
		368	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		369	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		370	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		371	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		372	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		373	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		374	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		375
		376	URxvt.color8: #000054
		377	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		378	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		379	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		380	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		381	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		382	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		383	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		384
		385	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors.
		386
		387	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		388	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		389	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		390	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		391	URxvt.color0: #000000
		392	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		393	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		394	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		395	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		396	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		397	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		398	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		399	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		400	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		401	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		402	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		403	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		404	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		405
		406	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		407
		408	=head3 Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		409
		410	See next entry.
		411
		412	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		413
		414	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is
		415	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
		416	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
		417	to display.
		418
		419	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement
		420	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		421	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		422	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		423	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		424	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		425
		426	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		427	e.g.:
		428
		429	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		430
		431	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
		432	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
		433	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		434	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		435
		436	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
		437	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
		438	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		439
		440	=head3 Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		441
		442	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		443	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
		444	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
		445	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
		446	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
		447	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		448	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
		449	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
		450	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		451
		452	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		453	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
		454	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		455	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		456
		457	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		458	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		459	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		460	has been designed yet).
		461
		462	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
		463	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
		464
		465	=head2 Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		466
		467	=head3 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		468
		469	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		470	setting:
		471
		472	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		473
		474	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended
		475	more and more.
		476
		477	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:
		478
		479	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		480
		481	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also
		482	selects words like the old code.
		483
		484	=head3 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		485
		486	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		487	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		488	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		489
		490	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		491	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		492	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@URXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
		493	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
		494	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
		495
		496	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		497
		498	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		499	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		500	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
		501	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
		502
		503	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		504
		505	=head3 The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		506
		507	See next entry.
		508
		509	=head3 During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		510
		511	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
		512	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		513	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		514	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
		515	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		516
		517	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
		518	extension:
		519
236	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed	520	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
237		521
238	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers	522	=head3 My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
239	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
240	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
241	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
242	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
243		523
244	=item How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	524	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		525	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
		526	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how
		527	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
		528	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
		529	helped.
245		530
246	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	531	=head3 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
247	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
248	using the @@RXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
249	daemon.
250		532
251	=item I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	533	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		534	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
		535	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
		536	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
		537	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
		538	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
252		539
253	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	540	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
254	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but	541	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
255	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
256	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
257	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
258	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
259	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
260	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
261		542
262	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	543	=head3 I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
263	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
264	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
265	might encounter the same issue.
266		544
267	=item I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	545	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
268	recommendation?	546	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		547	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
		548	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
		549	character and so on.
269		550
270	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>	551	=head3 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
271	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
272	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them,
273	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
274	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
275	the future) depends on it.
276		552
277	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources	553	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
278	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful	554	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
279	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty	555	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
280	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the	556	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
281	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.	557	depressed.
282		558
283	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	559	=head3 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
284	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
285	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
286	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
287		560
288	=item I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?	561	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
		562	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
		563	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
		564	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
289		565
290	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly	566	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
291	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	567	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one only only correct
		568	choice :).
292		569
293	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork	570	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
294	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some	571	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
295	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges	572	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
296	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep	573	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
297	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains	574	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
298	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
299		575
300	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early	576	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
301	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
302	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
303	little risk.
304		577
		578	# use Backspace = ^H
		579	$ stty erase ^H
		580	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		581
		582	# use Backspace = ^?
		583	$ stty erase ^?
		584	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		585
		586	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
		587
		588	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		589
		590	# use Backspace = ^H
		591	$ stty erase ^H
		592	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		593
		594	# use Backspace = ^?
		595	$ stty erase ^?
		596	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		597
		598	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		599	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		600	properly reflects that.
		601
		602	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
		603	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
		604	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
		605	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		606
		607	Some other Backspace problems:
		608
		609	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
		610	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
		611	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		612
		613	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		614
		615	=head3 I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		616
		617	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		618	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
		619	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
		620
		621	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@URXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
		622
		623	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		624	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		625	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		626	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		627	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		628	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		629	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		630	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		631	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		632	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		633	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		634	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		635	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		636	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		637	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		638	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		639	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		640	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		641	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		642	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		643
		644	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
		645
		646	=head3 I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		647
		648	KP_Insert == Insert
		649	F22 == Print
		650	F27 == Home
		651	F29 == Prior
		652	F33 == End
		653	F35 == Next
		654
		655	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
		656	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
		657	required for your particular machine.
		658
		659
		660
		661	=head2 Terminal Configuration
		662
		663	=head3 Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		664
		665	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		666	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		667	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		668	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		669	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
		670
		671	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that
		672	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to
		673	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).
		674
		675	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		676
		677	URxvt.resource: value
		678
		679	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		680	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it
		681	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		682
305	=item When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	683	=head3 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
306		684
307	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available	685	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
308	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).	686	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).
309		687
310	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can	688	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can
…		…
326	resource to set it:	704	resource to set it:
327		705
328	URxvt.termName: rxvt	706	URxvt.termName: rxvt
329		707
330	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace	708	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace
331	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	709	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use C<TERM=rxvt>.
332		710
333	=item C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	711	=head3 C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
334		712
335	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by	713	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by
336	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.	714	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.
337		715
338	=item C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@RXVT_NAME@@.	716	=head3 C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@URXVT_NAME@@.
339		717
		718	See next entry.
		719
340	=item I need a termcap file entry.	720	=head3 I need a termcap file entry.
341		721
342	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating	722	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
343	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap	723	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
344	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry	724	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
345	for C<rxvt-unicode>.	725	for C<rxvt-unicode>.
…		…
371	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	751	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
372	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	752	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
373	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	753	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
374	:vs=\E[?25h:	754	:vs=\E[?25h:
375		755
376	=item Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?	756	=head3 Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?
377		757
378	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	758	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
379	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	759	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration
380	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among	760	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among
381	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	761	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
…		…
386		766
387	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	767	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
388		768
389	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.	769	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.
390		770
391	=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	771	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
392		772
		773	See next entry.
		774
393	=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	775	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
394		776
		777	See next entry.
		778
395	=item Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	779	=head3 Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
396		780
397	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged	781	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged
398	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode	782	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode
399	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra	783	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra
400	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian	784	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian
401	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo	785	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
402	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When	786	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When
403	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on	787	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on
404	how to do this).	788	how to do this).
405		789
406	=item My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
407		790
408	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no	791	=head2 Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
409	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
410	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how
411	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
412	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
413	helped.
414		792
415	=item Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	793	=head3 Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
416		794
		795	See next entry.
		796
417	=item Unicode does not seem to work?	797	=head3 Unicode does not seem to work?
418		798
419	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but	799	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
420	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is	800	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is
421	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.	801	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
422		802
…		…
442		822
443	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then	823	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
444	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't	824	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
445	support locales :(	825	support locales :(
446		826
447	=item Why do some characters look so much different than others?	827	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
448		828
449	=item How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?	829	See next entry.
450		830
451	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is	831	=head3 Is there an option to switch encodings?
452	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
453	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
454	to display.
455		832
456	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement	833	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
457	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks	834	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
458	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't	835	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
459	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
460	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
461	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
462		836
463	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,	837	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
464	e.g.:	838	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
465		839	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
466	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...	840	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
467		841	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
468	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base	842	characters wrong as it uses it's own, locale-independent table under all
469	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
470	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
471	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
472
473	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
474	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
475	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
476
477	=item Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
478
479	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
480	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
481	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
482	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
483	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
484	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
485	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
486	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
487	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
488
489	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
490	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
491	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
492	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
493
494	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
495	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
496	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
497	has been designed yet).
498
499	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
500	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
501
502	=item Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
503
504	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
505	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
506	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
507	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
508	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
509
510	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
511	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
512	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
513	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
514	cases).	843	locales).
515		844
516	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,	845	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
517	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using	846	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
518	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you	847	interpretation of characters.
519	might be forced to use a different font.
520		848
521	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding	849	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
522	box data is correct.	850	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
523		851
		852	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
		853	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
		854	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
		855	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
		856	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
		857
		858	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
		859	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
		860	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
		861	rxvt-unicode.
		862
		863	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
		864	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
		865
		866	=head3 Can I switch locales at runtime?
		867
		868	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
		869	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
		870
		871	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		872
		873	See also the previous answer.
		874
		875	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
		876	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
		877	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
		878	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
		879
		880	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		881	xjdic -js
		882	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
		883
		884	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
		885	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
		886	rxvt-unicode-locales.
		887
		888	=head3 I have problems getting my input method working.
		889
		890	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input method server.
		891
		892	Here is a checklist:
		893
		894	=over 4
		895
		896	=item - Make sure your locale I<and> the imLocale are supported on your OS.
		897
		898	Try C<locale -a> or check the documentation for your OS.
		899
		900	=item - Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your XIM.
		901
		902	For example, B<kinput2> does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		903	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP> or equivalent.
		904
		905	=item - Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
		906
		907	=item - Make sure the C<XMODIFIERS> environment variable is set correctly when I<starting> rxvt-unicode.
		908
		909	When you want to use e.g. B<kinput2>, it must be set to
		910	C<@im=kinput2>. For B<scim>, use C<@im=SCIM>. Youc an see what input
		911	method servers are running with this command:
		912
		913	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
		914
		915	=item
		916
		917	=back
		918
		919	=head3 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
		920
		921	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
		922	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
		923
		924	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
		925
		926	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
		927	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your Xlib
		928	version, you may not be able to input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a
		929	normal way then, as your input method limits you.
		930
		931	=head3 Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
		932
		933	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
		934	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
		935	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
		936	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
		937	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
		938	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
		939
		940	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
		941
		942
		943	=head2 Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
		944
		945	=head3 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
		946
		947	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
		948	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
		949	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
		950	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
		951	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		952	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
		953	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
		954	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
		955
		956	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
		957	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
		958	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
		959	might encounter the same issue.
		960
		961	=head3 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
		962
		963	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>
		964	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
		965	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them,
		966	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
		967	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
		968	the future) depends on it.
		969
		970	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources
		971	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful
		972	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
		973	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
		974	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
		975
		976	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal
		977	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
		978	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		979	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
		980
		981	=head3 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
		982
		983	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
		984	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
		985
		986	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
		987	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
		988	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		989	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		990	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		991	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
		992
		993	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early
		994	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
		995	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
		996	little risk.
		997
524	=item On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.	998	=head3 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
525		999
526	Seems to be a known bug, read	1000	Seems to be a known bug, read
527	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the	1001	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
528	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:	1002	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
529		1003
530	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)	1004	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
531		1005
532	=item My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
533
534	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
535	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
536	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
537	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
538	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
539	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
540
541	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
542	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
543
544	=item I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
545
546	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
547	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
548	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
549	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
550	character and so on.
551
552	=item How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
553
554	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
555	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
556	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
557	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
558
559	URxvt.colorBD: white
560	URxvt.colorIT: green
561
562	=item Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
563
564	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
565	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
566	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
567	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
568
569	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
570	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
571	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
572
573	=item I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.	1006	=head3 I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
574		1007
575	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined	1008	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined
576	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,	1009	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
577	wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that	1010	wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that
578	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.	1011	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.
…		…
600		1033
601	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the	1034	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
602	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry	1035	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
603	complete replacements for them :)	1036	complete replacements for them :)
604		1037
605	=item I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.	1038	=head3 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
606		1039
607	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst	1040	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst
608	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.	1041	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.
609		1042
610	=item How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?	1043	=head3 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
611		1044
612	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using	1045	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
613	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no	1046	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
614	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a	1047	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
615	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or	1048	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or
…		…
618		1051
619	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte	1052	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte
620	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited	1053	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited
621	to 8-bit encodings.	1054	to 8-bit encodings.
622		1055
623	=item How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
624
625	=item Is there an option to switch encodings?
626
627	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
628	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
629	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
630
631	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
632	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
633	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
634	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
635	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
636	characters wrong as it uses it's own, locale-independent table under all
637	locales).
638
639	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
640	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
641	interpretation of characters.
642
643	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
644	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
645
646	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
647	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
648	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
649	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
650	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
651
652	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
653	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
654	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
655	rxvt-unicode.
656
657	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
658	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
659
660	=item Can I switch locales at runtime?
661
662	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
663	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
664
665	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
666
667	See also the previous answer.
668
669	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
670	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
671	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
672	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
673
674	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
675	xjdic -js
676	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
677
678	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
679	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
680	rxvt-unicode-locales.
681
682	=item Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
683
684	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
685	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
686
687	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
688
689	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
690	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
691	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
692
693	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
694
695	=item Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
696
697	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
698	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
699	Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
700	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
701
702	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
703	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
704
705	=item My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
706
707	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
708	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
709
710	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
711
712	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
713	use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able to
714	input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a normal way then, as your input
715	method limits you.
716
717	=item Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
718
719	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
720	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
721	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
722	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
723	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
724	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
725
726	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
727
728	=item Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
729
730	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
731	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
732	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
733	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
734	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
735
736	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
737	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
738	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
739	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
740	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
741	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
742
743	=item Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
744
745	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
746	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
747	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
748	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
749
750	=item Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
751
752	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
753	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
754	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
755	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
756	look best that way.
757
758	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
759
760	=item Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
761
762	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
763	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
764	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
765	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
766	depressed.
767
768	=item What's with this bold/blink stuff?
769
770	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
771	standard foreground colour.
772
773	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
774	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
775	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
776	ignored.
777
778	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
779	foreground/background colors.
780
781	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
782
783	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
784
785	=item I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
786
787	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
788	resources (or as long-options).
789
790	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
791	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
792
793	URxvt.color0: #000000
794	URxvt.color1: #A80000
795	URxvt.color2: #00A800
796	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
797	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
798	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
799	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
800	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
801
802	URxvt.color8: #000054
803	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
804	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
805	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
806	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
807	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
808	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
809	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
810
811	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by
812	me) as "pretty girly".
813
814	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
815	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
816	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
817	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
818	URxvt.color0: #000000
819	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
820	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
821	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
822	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
823	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
824	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
825	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
826	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
827	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
828	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
829	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
830	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
831	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
832
833	=item How can I start @@RXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
834
835	Try C<@@RXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@RXVT_NAME@@d to open the
836	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
837
838	=item What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
839
840	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
841	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
842	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
843	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
844
845	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
846	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one only only correct
847	choice :).
848
849	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
850	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
851	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
852	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
853	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
854
855	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
856
857	# use Backspace = ^H
858	$ stty erase ^H
859	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
860
861	# use Backspace = ^?
862	$ stty erase ^?
863	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
864
865	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
866
867	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
868
869	# use Backspace = ^H
870	$ stty erase ^H
871	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
872
873	# use Backspace = ^?
874	$ stty erase ^?
875	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
876
877	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
878	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
879	properly reflects that.
880
881	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
882	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
883	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
884	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
885
886	Some other Backspace problems:
887
888	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
889	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
890	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
891
892	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
893
894	=item I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
895
896	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
897	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
898	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
899
900	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@RXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
901
902	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
903	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
904	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
905	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
906	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
907	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
908	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
909	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
910	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
911	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
912	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
913	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
914	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
915	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
916	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
917	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
918	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
919	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
920	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
921	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
922
923	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
924
925	=item I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys.
926	How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4
927	has the following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
928
929	KP_Insert == Insert
930	F22 == Print
931	F27 == Home
932	F29 == Prior
933	F33 == End
934	F35 == Next
935
936	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
937	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
938	required for your particular machine.
939
940	=item How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
941	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
942
943	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
944	check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
945	Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether or
946	not to use color.
947
948	=item How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
949
950	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
951	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
952	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
953	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
954	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
955	regular xterm.
956
957	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
958	snippets:
959
960	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
961	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
962	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
963	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
964	echo -n '^[Z'
965	read term_id
966	stty icanon echo
967	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
968	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
969	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
970	fi
971	fi
972
973	=item How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
974
975	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
976	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to
977	the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
978
979	=item My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
980
981	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
982	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
983	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
984
985	=back
986
987	=head1 RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE	1056	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE TECHNICAL REFERENCE
988
989	=head1 DESCRIPTION
990		1057
991	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of	1058	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of
992	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,	1059	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,
993	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features	1060	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features
994	selectable at C<configure> time.	1061	selectable at C<configure> time.
995		1062
996	=head1 Definitions	1063	=head2 Definitions
997		1064
998	=over 4	1065	=over 4
999		1066
1000	=item B<< C<c> >>	1067	=item B<< C<c> >>
1001		1068
…		…
1019		1086
1020	A text parameter composed of printable characters.	1087	A text parameter composed of printable characters.
1021		1088
1022	=back	1089	=back
1023		1090
1024	=head1 Values	1091	=head2 Values
1025		1092
1026	=over 4	1093	=over 4
1027		1094
1028	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>	1095	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>
1029		1096
…		…
1072		1139
1073	Space Character	1140	Space Character
1074		1141
1075	=back	1142	=back
1076		1143
1077	=head1 Escape Sequences	1144	=head2 Escape Sequences
1078		1145
1079	=over 4	1146	=over 4
1080		1147
1081	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>	1148	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>
1082		1149
…		…
1180		1247
1181	=back	1248	=back
1182		1249
1183	X<CSI>	1250	X<CSI>
1184		1251
1185	=head1 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences	1252	=head2 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences
1186		1253
1187	=over 4	1254	=over 4
1188		1255
1189	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>	1256	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>
1190		1257
…		…
1460		1527
1461	=back	1528	=back
1462		1529
1463	X<PrivateModes>	1530	X<PrivateModes>
1464		1531
1465	=head1 DEC Private Modes	1532	=head2 DEC Private Modes
1466		1533
1467	=over 4	1534	=over 4
1468		1535
1469	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>	1536	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>
1470		1537
…		…
1734		1801
1735	=back	1802	=back
1736		1803
1737	X<XTerm>	1804	X<XTerm>
1738		1805
1739	=head1 XTerm Operating System Commands	1806	=head2 XTerm Operating System Commands
1740		1807
1741	=over 4	1808	=over 4
1742		1809
1743	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>	1810	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>
1744		1811
…		…
1782		1849
1783	=end table	1850	=end table
1784		1851
1785	=back	1852	=back
1786		1853
1787	X<XPM>
1788
1789	=head1 XPM	1854	=head1 XPM
1790		1855
1791	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value	1856	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value
1792	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a	1857	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a
1793	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The	1858	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The
…		…
1890	=begin table	1955	=begin table
1891		1956
1892	4 Shift	1957	4 Shift
1893	8 Meta	1958	8 Meta
1894	16 Control	1959	16 Control
1895	32 Double Click I<(Rxvt extension)>	1960	32 Double Click I<(rxvt extension)>
1896		1961
1897	=end table	1962	=end table
1898		1963
1899	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>	1964	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>
1900		1965
…		…
2228	Remove support for mouse selection style like that of xterm.	2293	Remove support for mouse selection style like that of xterm.
2229		2294
2230	=item --enable-dmalloc (default: off)	2295	=item --enable-dmalloc (default: off)
2231		2296
2232	Use Gray Watson's malloc - which is good for debugging See	2297	Use Gray Watson's malloc - which is good for debugging See
2233	http://www.letters.com/dmalloc/ for details If you use either this or the	2298	L<http://www.letters.com/dmalloc/> for details If you use either this or the
2234	next option, you may need to edit src/Makefile after compiling to point	2299	next option, you may need to edit src/Makefile after compiling to point
2235	DINCLUDE and DLIB to the right places.	2300	DINCLUDE and DLIB to the right places.
2236		2301
2237	You can only use either this option and the following (should	2302	You can only use either this option and the following (should
2238	you use either) .	2303	you use either) .

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