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Revision 1.98 by root, Tue Jan 31 00:56:07 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.135 by ayin, Sun Jun 24 23:30:17 2007 UTC

…		…
17		17
18	This document contains the FAQ, the RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE documenting	18	This document contains the FAQ, the RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE documenting
19	all escape sequences, and other background information.	19	all escape sequences, and other background information.
20		20
21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at	21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at
22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.	22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.
23		23
24	=head1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	24	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
25		25
26	=head2 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select
27	single words?
28		26
29	Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can use	27	=head2 Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
30	the following resource:
31		28
32	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)	29	=head3 My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
33		30
34	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended	31	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
35	more and more.	32	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		33	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
36		34
37	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:	35	=head3 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
38		36
39	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)	37	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
		38	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
		39	give you tabs:
40		40
41	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also	41	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed
42	selects words like the old code.
43		42
44	=over 4
45
46	=item I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
47	change/disable it?
48
49	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
50	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
51	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
52
53	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
54	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
55	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
56	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
57	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
58
59	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
60
61	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
62	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
63	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
64	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
65
66	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
67
68	=item The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how
69	do I switch this off?
70
71	=item During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor
72	outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
73
74	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
75	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
76	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
77	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
78	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
79
80	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
81	extension:
82
83	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline	43	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
84		44
85	=item Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?	45	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers
		46	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
		47	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
		48	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
		49	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
86		50
87	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X	51	=head3 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
88	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
89	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
90	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
91	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
92		52
93	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that	53	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
94	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to	54	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
95	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).	55	using the @@URXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
		56	daemon.
96		57
97	Also consider the form resources have to use:	58	=head3 Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
98		59
99	URxvt.resource: value	60	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
		61	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
		62	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
		63	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
		64	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
100		65
101	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of	66	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
102	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it	67	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
103	works. If unsure, use the form above.	68	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
		69	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
		70	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
		71	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
104		72
105	=item I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?	73	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
106		74
107	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so	75	Try C<@@URXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@URXVT_NAME@@d to open the
108	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may	76	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
109	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
110	of passage: ... and you failed.
111		77
112	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option	78	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically when I run @@URXVT_NAME@@c?
113	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
114		79
115	1. Use inheritPixmap:	80	If you want to start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically whenever you run
		81	@@URXVT_NAME@@c and the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
116		82
117	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg	83	#!/bin/sh
118	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40	84	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		85	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		86	@@URXVT_NAME@@d -q -o -f
		87	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		88	fi
119		89
120	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting	90	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
121	support, or you are unable to read.	91	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		92	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		93	existing daemon.
122		94
123	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you	95	=head3 How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
124	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
125	your picture with gimp:
126		96
127	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm	97	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM",
128	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background	98	so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
		99	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
		100	whether or not to use color.
129		101
130	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you	102	=head3 How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
131	are unable to read.
132		103
133	3. Use an ARGB visual:	104	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		105	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		106	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		107	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
		108	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
		109	regular xterm.
134		110
135	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc	111	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		112	snippets:
136		113
137	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that	114	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
138	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't	115	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
139	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the neccessary	116	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
140	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that	117	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
141	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.	118	echo -n '^[Z'
		119	read term_id
		120	stty icanon echo
		121	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		122	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		123	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		124	fi
		125	fi
142		126
143	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:	127	=head3 How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
144		128
145	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \	129	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
146	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000	130	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2xhtml> (from
		131	F<Pod::Xhtml>). Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
147		132
148	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
149	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
150	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
151
152	=item Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?	133	=head3 Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
153		134
154	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra	135	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
155	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see	136	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
156	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being	137	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being
157	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even	138	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even
…		…
161		142
162	text data bss drs rss filename	143	text data bss drs rss filename
163	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything	144	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
164	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything	145	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
165		146
166	When you C<--enable-everything> (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft	147	When you C<--enable-everything> (which I<is> unfair, as this involves xft
167	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my	148	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
168	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.	149	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so.
169		150
170	text data bss drs rss filename	151	text data bss drs rss filename
171	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything	152	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
172	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything	153	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
173		154
…		…
189	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra	170	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra
190	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of	171	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of
191	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares	172	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares
192	extremely well *g*.	173	extremely well *g*.
193		174
194	=item Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?	175	=head3 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
195		176
196	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had	177	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had
197	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction	178	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction
198	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even	179	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even
199	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.	180	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
…		…
223	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)	204	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
224		205
225	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),	206	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
226	except maybe libX11 :)	207	except maybe libX11 :)
227		208
228	=item Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
229		209
230	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a	210	=head2 Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
231	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
232	give you tabs:
233		211
234	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed	212	=head3 I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
235		213
		214	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so
		215	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may
		216	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
		217	of passage: ... and you failed.
		218
		219	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option
		220	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		221
		222	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		223
		224	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		225	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40
		226
		227	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		228	support, or you are unable to read.
		229
		230	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		231	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		232	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		233
		234	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		235	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		236
		237	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you
		238	are unable to read.
		239
		240	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		241
		242	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		243
		244	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		245	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		246	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the necessary
		247	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that
		248	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		249
		250	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		251
		252	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		253	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		254
		255	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
		256	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		257	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		258
		259	=head3 Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		260
		261	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
		262	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
		263	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
		264	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
		265	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
		266
		267	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		268	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
		269	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
		270	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
		271	cases).
		272
		273	It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		274	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using
		275	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you
		276	might be forced to use a different font.
		277
		278	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding
		279	box data is correct.
		280
		281	=head3 How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		282
		283	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		284	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		285	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		286	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		287
		288	URxvt.colorBD: white
		289	URxvt.colorIT: green
		290
		291	=head3 Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		292
		293	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		294	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
		295	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
		296	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
		297
		298	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
		299	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
		300	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		301
		302	=head3 Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		303
		304	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
		305	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
		306
		307	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		308
		309	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		310	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		311	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		312
		313	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		314
		315	=head3 Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		316
		317	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		318	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		319	Mono> completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		320	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		321
		322	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		323	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		324
		325	=head3 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		326
		327	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
		328	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		329	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
		330	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		331
		332	=head3 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		333
		334	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		335	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core
		336	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		337	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		338	look best that way.
		339
		340	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		341
		342	=head3 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		343
		344	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
		345	standard foreground colour.
		346
		347	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
		348	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
		349	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
		350	ignored.
		351
		352	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		353	foreground/background colors.
		354
		355	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		356
		357	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		358
		359	=head3 I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		360
		361	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
		362	resources (or as long-options).
		363
		364	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
		365	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		366
		367	URxvt.color0: #000000
		368	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		369	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		370	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		371	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		372	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		373	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		374	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		375
		376	URxvt.color8: #000054
		377	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		378	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		379	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		380	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		381	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		382	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		383	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		384
		385	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors.
		386
		387	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		388	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		389	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		390	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		391	URxvt.color0: #000000
		392	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		393	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		394	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		395	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		396	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		397	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		398	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		399	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		400	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		401	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		402	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		403	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		404	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		405
		406	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		407
		408	=head3 Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		409
		410	See next entry.
		411
		412	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		413
		414	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is
		415	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
		416	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
		417	to display.
		418
		419	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement
		420	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		421	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		422	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		423	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		424	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		425
		426	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		427	e.g.:
		428
		429	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		430
		431	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
		432	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
		433	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		434	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		435
		436	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
		437	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
		438	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		439
		440	=head3 Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		441
		442	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		443	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
		444	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
		445	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
		446	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
		447	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		448	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
		449	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
		450	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		451
		452	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		453	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
		454	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		455	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		456
		457	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		458	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		459	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		460	has been designed yet).
		461
		462	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
		463	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
		464
		465	=head2 Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		466
		467	=head3 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		468
		469	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		470	setting:
		471
		472	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		473
		474	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended
		475	more and more.
		476
		477	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:
		478
		479	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		480
		481	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also
		482	selects words like the old code.
		483
		484	=head3 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		485
		486	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		487	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		488	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		489
		490	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		491	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		492	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@URXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
		493	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
		494	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
		495
		496	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		497
		498	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		499	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		500	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
		501	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
		502
		503	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		504
		505	=head3 The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		506
		507	See next entry.
		508
		509	=head3 During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		510
		511	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
		512	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		513	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		514	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
		515	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		516
		517	You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
		518	extension:
		519
236	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed	520	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
237		521
238	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers	522	=head3 My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
239	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
240	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
241	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
242	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
243		523
244	=item How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	524	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		525	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
		526	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of whether and how
		527	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
		528	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
		529	helped.
245		530
246	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	531	=head3 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
247	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
248	using the @@RXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
249	daemon.
250		532
251	=item I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	533	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		534	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
		535	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
		536	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
		537	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
		538	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
252		539
253	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	540	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
254	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but	541	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
255	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
256	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
257	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
258	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
259	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
260	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
261		542
262	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	543	=head3 I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
263	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
264	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
265	might encounter the same issue.
266		544
267	=item I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	545	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
268	recommendation?	546	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		547	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
		548	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
		549	character and so on.
269		550
270	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>	551	=head3 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
271	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
272	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them,
273	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
274	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
275	the future) depends on it.
276		552
277	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources	553	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
278	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful	554	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
279	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty	555	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
280	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the	556	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
281	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.	557	depressed.
282		558
283	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	559	=head3 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
284	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
285	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
286	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
287		560
288	=item I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?	561	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
		562	Backspace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
		563	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
		564	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
289		565
290	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly	566	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
291	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	567	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one and only correct
		568	choice :).
292		569
293	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork	570	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
294	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some	571	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
295	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges	572	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
296	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep	573	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
297	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains	574	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
298	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
299		575
300	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early	576	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
301	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
302	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
303	little risk.
304		577
		578	# use Backspace = ^H
		579	$ stty erase ^H
		580	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		581
		582	# use Backspace = ^?
		583	$ stty erase ^?
		584	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		585
		586	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
		587
		588	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		589
		590	# use Backspace = ^H
		591	$ stty erase ^H
		592	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		593
		594	# use Backspace = ^?
		595	$ stty erase ^?
		596	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		597
		598	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		599	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		600	properly reflects that.
		601
		602	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
		603	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
		604	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
		605	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		606
		607	Some other Backspace problems:
		608
		609	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
		610	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
		611	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		612
		613	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		614
		615	=head3 I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		616
		617	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		618	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
		619	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
		620
		621	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@URXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
		622
		623	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		624	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		625	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		626	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		627	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		628	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		629	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		630	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		631	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		632	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		633	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		634	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		635	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		636	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		637	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		638	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		639	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		640	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		641	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		642	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		643
		644	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
		645
		646	=head3 I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		647
		648	KP_Insert == Insert
		649	F22 == Print
		650	F27 == Home
		651	F29 == Prior
		652	F33 == End
		653	F35 == Next
		654
		655	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
		656	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
		657	required for your particular machine.
		658
		659
		660
		661	=head2 Terminal Configuration
		662
		663	=head3 Can I see a typical configuration?
		664
		665	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like that
		666	much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		667
		668	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		669	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		670	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's certainly
		671	not I<typical>, but what's typical...
		672
		673	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		674	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx
		675
		676	These are just for testing stuff.
		677
		678	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		679	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		680
		681	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		682	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		683	type, which requires the C<xim-onthespot> perl extension but rewards me
		684	with correct-looking fonts.
		685
		686	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		687	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		688	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		689	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		690	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		691	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		692
		693	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		694	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		695	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		696	write.
		697
		698	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		699	and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the
		700	relevant file and go tot he error line number.
		701
		702	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		703	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		704
		705	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		706	author. The C<secondaryScroll> configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		707	apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		708	scrollback buffer.
		709
		710	URxvt.background: #000000
		711	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		712	URxvt.color7: gray90
		713	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		714	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		715	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		716	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		717
		718	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults, but
		719	these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set foreground/background
		720	to light gray/black, and also make sure that the colour 7 matches the
		721	default foreground colour.
		722
		723	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		724
		725	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts, but
		726	is mostly a nice effect.
		727
		728	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		729	URxvt.loginShell: false
		730	URxvt.meta: ignore
		731	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		732
		733	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		734	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		735
		736	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		737
		738	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		739
		740	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		741
		742	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		743	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		744
		745	URxvt.visualBell: true
		746
		747	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		748
		749	URxvt.insecure: true
		750
		751	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		752
		753	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		754
		755	I once thought this is a great idea.
		756
		757	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		758	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		759	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		760	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		761	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		762	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		763	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		764	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		765	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		766
		767	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		768	overwhelmed. A special note: the C<9x15bold> mentioned above is actually
		769	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally different
		770	font (different glyphs for C<;> and many other harmless characters),
		771	while the second font is actually the C<9x15bold> from XFree4/XOrg. The
		772	bold version has less chars than the medium version, so I use it for rare
		773	characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use italic for comments
		774	and other stuff, which looks quite good with Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		775
		776	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of my
		777	purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal (Non-bold)
		778	font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between bold and
		779	normal fonts.
		780
		781	Please note that I used the C<urxvt> instance name and not the C<URxvt>
		782	class name. Thats because I use different configs for different purposes,
		783	for example, my IRC window is started with C<-name IRC>, and uses these
		784	defaults:
		785
		786	IRC*title: IRC
		787	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		788	IRC*saveLines: 0
		789	IRC*mapAlert: true
		790	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		791	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		792	IRC*colorBD: white
		793	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		794	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		795
		796	C<Alt-Shift-1> and C<Alt-Shift-2> switch between two different font
		797	sizes. C<suxuseuro> allows me to keep an eye (and actually read)
		798	stuff while keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something
		799	complicated (e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		800
		801	The above is all in my C<.Xdefaults> (I don't use C<.Xresources> nor
		802	C<xrdb>). I also have some resources in a separate C<.Xdefaults-hostname>
		803	file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use:
		804
		805	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		806	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		807	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		808	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		809	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		810
		811	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		812	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		813	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		814	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		815	combinations :->
		816
		817	=head3 Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		818
		819	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		820	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		821	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		822	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		823	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
		824
		825	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that
		826	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to
		827	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).
		828
		829	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		830
		831	URxvt.resource: value
		832
		833	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		834	specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it
		835	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		836
305	=item When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	837	=head3 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
306		838
307	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available	839	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
308	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).	840	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).
309		841
310	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can	842	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can
311	be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	843	be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp and works as user and admin):
312		844
313	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	845	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
314	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	846	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
315		847
316	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	848	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
		849
		850	One some systems you might need to set C<$TERMINFO> to the full path of
		851	F<$HOME/.terminfo> for this to work.
317		852
318	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	853	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
319	C<TERM=rxvt> or even C<TERM=xterm>, and live with the small number of	854	C<TERM=rxvt> or even C<TERM=xterm>, and live with the small number of
320	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different	855	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
321	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice	856	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
…		…
326	resource to set it:	861	resource to set it:
327		862
328	URxvt.termName: rxvt	863	URxvt.termName: rxvt
329		864
330	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace	865	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace
331	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	866	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use C<TERM=rxvt>.
332		867
333	=item C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	868	=head3 C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
334		869
335	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by	870	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by
336	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.	871	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.
337		872
338	=item C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@RXVT_NAME@@.	873	=head3 C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@URXVT_NAME@@.
339		874
		875	See next entry.
		876
340	=item I need a termcap file entry.	877	=head3 I need a termcap file entry.
341		878
342	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating	879	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
343	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap	880	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
344	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry	881	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
345	for C<rxvt-unicode>.	882	for C<rxvt-unicode>.
346		883
347	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases.	884	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many cases.
348	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program	885	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program
349	like this:	886	like this:
350		887
351	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	888	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
352		889
…		…
371	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	908	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
372	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	909	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
373	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	910	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
374	:vs=\E[?25h:	911	:vs=\E[?25h:
375		912
376	=item Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?	913	=head3 Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?
377		914
378	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	915	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
379	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	916	decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
380	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among	917	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in its default file (among
381	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	918	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
382		919
383	TERM rxvt-unicode	920	TERM rxvt-unicode
384		921
385	to C</etc/DIR_COLORS> or simply add:	922	to C</etc/DIR_COLORS> or simply add:
386		923
387	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	924	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
388		925
389	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.	926	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.
390		927
391	=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	928	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
392		929
		930	See next entry.
		931
393	=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	932	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
394		933
		934	See next entry.
		935
395	=item Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	936	=head3 Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
396		937
397	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged	938	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged
398	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode	939	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode
399	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra	940	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra
400	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian	941	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian
401	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo	942	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
402	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When	943	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When
403	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on	944	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on
404	how to do this).	945	how to do this).
405		946
406	=item My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
407		947
408	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no	948	=head2 Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
409	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
410	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how
411	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
412	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
413	helped.
414		949
415	=item Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	950	=head3 Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
416		951
		952	See next entry.
		953
417	=item Unicode does not seem to work?	954	=head3 Unicode does not seem to work?
418		955
419	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but	956	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
420	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is	957	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is
421	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.	958	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
422		959
423	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same C<LC_CTYPE> setting as the	960	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same C<LC_CTYPE> setting as the
424	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the C<C> locale, while the	961	programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the C<C> locale,
425	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale to	962	while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the
426	something else, e.g. C<en_GB.UTF-8>. Needless to say, this is not going to work.	963	locale to something else, e.g. C<en_GB.UTF-8>. Needless to say, this is
		964	not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems.
427		965
428	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely run	966	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely run
429	into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your .profile.	967	into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your .profile.
430		968
431	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	969	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too
432		970
433	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a C<LC_CTYPE> specification not	971	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a C<LC_CTYPE> specification not
434	supported on your systems. Some systems have a C<locale> command which	972	supported on your systems. Some systems have a C<locale> command which
435	displays this (also, C<perl -e0> can be used to check locale settings, as	973	displays this (also, C<perl -e0> can be used to check locale settings, as
436	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays something	974	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays something
…		…
442		980
443	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then	981	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
444	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't	982	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
445	support locales :(	983	support locales :(
446		984
447	=item Why do some characters look so much different than others?	985	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
448		986
449	=item How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?	987	See next entry.
450		988
451	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is	989	=head3 Is there an option to switch encodings?
452	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
453	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
454	to display.
455		990
456	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement	991	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
457	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks	992	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
458	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't	993	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
459	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
460	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
461	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
462		994
463	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,	995	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
464	e.g.:	996	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
465		997	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
466	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...	998	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
467		999	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
468	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base	1000	characters wrong as it uses its own, locale-independent table under all
469	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
470	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
471	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
472
473	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
474	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
475	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
476
477	=item Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
478
479	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
480	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
481	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
482	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
483	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
484	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
485	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
486	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
487	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
488
489	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
490	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
491	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
492	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
493
494	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
495	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
496	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
497	has been designed yet).
498
499	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
500	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
501
502	=item Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
503
504	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
505	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
506	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
507	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
508	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
509
510	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
511	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
512	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
513	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
514	cases).	1001	locales).
515		1002
516	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,	1003	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
517	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using	1004	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
518	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you	1005	interpretation of characters.
519	might be forced to use a different font.
520		1006
521	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding	1007	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
522	box data is correct.	1008	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
523		1009
		1010	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
		1011	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
		1012	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
		1013	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
		1014	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
		1015
		1016	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
		1017	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
		1018	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
		1019	rxvt-unicode.
		1020
		1021	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
		1022	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
		1023
		1024	=head3 Can I switch locales at runtime?
		1025
		1026	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
		1027	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
		1028
		1029	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		1030
		1031	See also the previous answer.
		1032
		1033	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
		1034	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
		1035	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
		1036	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
		1037
		1038	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		1039	xjdic -js
		1040	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
		1041
		1042	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
		1043	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
		1044	rxvt-unicode-locales.
		1045
		1046	=head3 I have problems getting my input method working.
		1047
		1048	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input method server.
		1049
		1050	Here is a checklist:
		1051
		1052	=over 4
		1053
		1054	=item - Make sure your locale I<and> the imLocale are supported on your OS.
		1055
		1056	Try C<locale -a> or check the documentation for your OS.
		1057
		1058	=item - Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your XIM.
		1059
		1060	For example, B<kinput2> does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		1061	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP> or equivalent.
		1062
		1063	=item - Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
		1064
		1065	=item - Make sure the C<XMODIFIERS> environment variable is set correctly when I<starting> rxvt-unicode.
		1066
		1067	When you want to use e.g. B<kinput2>, it must be set to
		1068	C<@im=kinput2>. For B<scim>, use C<@im=SCIM>. You can see what input
		1069	method servers are running with this command:
		1070
		1071	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
		1072
		1073	=item
		1074
		1075	=back
		1076
		1077	=head3 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
		1078
		1079	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
		1080	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
		1081
		1082	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
		1083
		1084	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
		1085	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your Xlib
		1086	version, you may not be able to input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a
		1087	normal way then, as your input method limits you.
		1088
		1089	=head3 Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
		1090
		1091	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
		1092	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
		1093	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
		1094	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
		1095	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
		1096	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
		1097
		1098	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
		1099
		1100
		1101	=head2 Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
		1102
		1103	=head3 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
		1104
		1105	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
		1106	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
		1107	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
		1108	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
		1109	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		1110	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
		1111	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
		1112	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
		1113
		1114	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
		1115	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
		1116	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
		1117	might encounter the same issue.
		1118
		1119	=head3 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
		1120
		1121	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>
		1122	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
		1123	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling them,
		1124	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
		1125	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
		1126	the future) depends on it.
		1127
		1128	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources
		1129	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful
		1130	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
		1131	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
		1132	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
		1133
		1134	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal
		1135	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
		1136	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		1137	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
		1138
		1139	=head3 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
		1140
		1141	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
		1142	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
		1143
		1144	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
		1145	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
		1146	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1147	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1148	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1149	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
		1150
		1151	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early
		1152	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
		1153	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
		1154	little risk.
		1155
524	=item On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.	1156	=head3 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
525		1157
526	Seems to be a known bug, read	1158	Seems to be a known bug, read
527	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the	1159	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
528	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:	1160	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
529		1161
530	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)	1162	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
531		1163
532	=item My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
533
534	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
535	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
536	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
537	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
538	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
539	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
540
541	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
542	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
543
544	=item I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
545
546	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
547	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
548	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
549	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
550	character and so on.
551
552	=item How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
553
554	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
555	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
556	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
557	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
558
559	URxvt.colorBD: white
560	URxvt.colorIT: green
561
562	=item Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
563
564	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
565	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
566	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
567	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
568
569	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
570	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
571	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
572
573	=item I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.	1164	=head3 I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
574		1165
575	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined	1166	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined
576	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,	1167	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
577	wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that	1168	whether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that
578	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.	1169	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.
579		1170
580	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor	1171	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor
581	does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal representation of	1172	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
582	B<wchar_t>. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.	1173	B<wchar_t>. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
583		1174
584	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in C<POSIX>, C<ISO-8859-1> and	1175	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in C<POSIX>, C<ISO-8859-1> and
585	C<UTF-8> locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as B<wchar_t>.	1176	C<UTF-8> locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as B<wchar_t>.
586		1177
…		…
600		1191
601	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the	1192	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
602	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry	1193	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
603	complete replacements for them :)	1194	complete replacements for them :)
604		1195
605	=item I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.	1196	=head3 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
606		1197
607	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst	1198	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst
608	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.	1199	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.
609		1200
610	=item How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?	1201	=head3 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
611		1202
612	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using	1203	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
613	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no	1204	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
614	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a	1205	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
615	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or	1206	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or
…		…
618		1209
619	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte	1210	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte
620	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited	1211	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited
621	to 8-bit encodings.	1212	to 8-bit encodings.
622		1213
623	=item How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
624
625	=item Is there an option to switch encodings?
626
627	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
628	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
629	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
630
631	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
632	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
633	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
634	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
635	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
636	characters wrong as it uses it's own, locale-independent table under all
637	locales).
638
639	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
640	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
641	interpretation of characters.
642
643	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
644	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
645
646	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
647	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
648	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
649	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
650	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
651
652	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
653	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
654	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
655	rxvt-unicode.
656
657	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
658	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
659
660	=item Can I switch locales at runtime?
661
662	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
663	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
664
665	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
666
667	See also the previous answer.
668
669	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
670	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
671	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
672	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
673
674	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
675	xjdic -js
676	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
677
678	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
679	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
680	rxvt-unicode-locales.
681
682	=item Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
683
684	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
685	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
686
687	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
688
689	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
690	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
691	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
692
693	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
694
695	=item Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
696
697	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
698	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
699	Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
700	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
701
702	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
703	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
704
705	=item My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
706
707	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
708	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
709
710	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
711
712	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
713	use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able to
714	input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a normal way then, as your input
715	method limits you.
716
717	=item Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
718
719	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
720	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
721	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
722	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
723	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
724	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
725
726	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
727
728	=item Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
729
730	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
731	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
732	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
733	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
734	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
735
736	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
737	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
738	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
739	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
740	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
741	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
742
743	=item Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
744
745	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
746	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
747	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
748	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
749
750	=item Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
751
752	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
753	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
754	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
755	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
756	look best that way.
757
758	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
759
760	=item Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
761
762	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
763	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
764	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
765	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
766	depressed.
767
768	=item What's with this bold/blink stuff?
769
770	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
771	standard foreground colour.
772
773	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
774	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
775	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
776	ignored.
777
778	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
779	foreground/background colors.
780
781	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
782
783	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
784
785	=item I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
786
787	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
788	resources (or as long-options).
789
790	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
791	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
792
793	URxvt.color0: #000000
794	URxvt.color1: #A80000
795	URxvt.color2: #00A800
796	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
797	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
798	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
799	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
800	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
801
802	URxvt.color8: #000054
803	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
804	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
805	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
806	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
807	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
808	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
809	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
810
811	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by
812	me) as "pretty girly".
813
814	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
815	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
816	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
817	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
818	URxvt.color0: #000000
819	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
820	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
821	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
822	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
823	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
824	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
825	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
826	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
827	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
828	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
829	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
830	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
831	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
832
833	=item How can I start @@RXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
834
835	Try C<@@RXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@RXVT_NAME@@d to open the
836	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
837
838	=item What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
839
840	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
841	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
842	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
843	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
844
845	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
846	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one only only correct
847	choice :).
848
849	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
850	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
851	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
852	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
853	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
854
855	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
856
857	# use Backspace = ^H
858	$ stty erase ^H
859	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
860
861	# use Backspace = ^?
862	$ stty erase ^?
863	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
864
865	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
866
867	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
868
869	# use Backspace = ^H
870	$ stty erase ^H
871	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
872
873	# use Backspace = ^?
874	$ stty erase ^?
875	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
876
877	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
878	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
879	properly reflects that.
880
881	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
882	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
883	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
884	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
885
886	Some other Backspace problems:
887
888	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
889	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
890	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
891
892	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
893
894	=item I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
895
896	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
897	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
898	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
899
900	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@RXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
901
902	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
903	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
904	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
905	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
906	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
907	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
908	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
909	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
910	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
911	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
912	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
913	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
914	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
915	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
916	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
917	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
918	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
919	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
920	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
921	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
922
923	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
924
925	=item I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys.
926	How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4
927	has the following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
928
929	KP_Insert == Insert
930	F22 == Print
931	F27 == Home
932	F29 == Prior
933	F33 == End
934	F35 == Next
935
936	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
937	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
938	required for your particular machine.
939
940	=item How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
941	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
942
943	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
944	check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
945	Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether or
946	not to use color.
947
948	=item How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
949
950	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
951	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
952	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
953	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
954	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
955	regular xterm.
956
957	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
958	snippets:
959
960	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
961	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
962	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
963	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
964	echo -n '^[Z'
965	read term_id
966	stty icanon echo
967	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
968	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
969	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
970	fi
971	fi
972
973	=item How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
974
975	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
976	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to
977	the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
978
979	=item My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
980
981	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
982	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
983	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
984
985	=back
986
987	=head1 RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE	1214	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE TECHNICAL REFERENCE
988
989	=head1 DESCRIPTION
990		1215
991	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of	1216	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of
992	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,	1217	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,
993	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features	1218	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features
994	selectable at C<configure> time.	1219	selectable at C<configure> time.
995		1220
996	=head1 Definitions	1221	=head2 Definitions
997		1222
998	=over 4	1223	=over 4
999		1224
1000	=item B<< C<c> >>	1225	=item B<< C<c> >>
1001		1226
…		…
1019		1244
1020	A text parameter composed of printable characters.	1245	A text parameter composed of printable characters.
1021		1246
1022	=back	1247	=back
1023		1248
1024	=head1 Values	1249	=head2 Values
1025		1250
1026	=over 4	1251	=over 4
1027		1252
1028	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>	1253	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>
1029		1254
…		…
1072		1297
1073	Space Character	1298	Space Character
1074		1299
1075	=back	1300	=back
1076		1301
1077	=head1 Escape Sequences	1302	=head2 Escape Sequences
1078		1303
1079	=over 4	1304	=over 4
1080		1305
1081	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>	1306	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>
1082		1307
…		…
1180		1405
1181	=back	1406	=back
1182		1407
1183	X<CSI>	1408	X<CSI>
1184		1409
1185	=head1 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences	1410	=head2 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences
1186		1411
1187	=over 4	1412	=over 4
1188		1413
1189	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>	1414	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>
1190		1415
…		…
1460		1685
1461	=back	1686	=back
1462		1687
1463	X<PrivateModes>	1688	X<PrivateModes>
1464		1689
1465	=head1 DEC Private Modes	1690	=head2 DEC Private Modes
1466		1691
1467	=over 4	1692	=over 4
1468		1693
1469	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>	1694	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>
1470		1695
…		…
1486		1711
1487	Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension). I<where>	1712	Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension). I<where>
1488		1713
1489	=over 4	1714	=over 4
1490		1715
1491	=item B<< C<Ps = 1> >> (DECCKM)	1716	=item B<< C<Pm = 1> >> (DECCKM)
1492		1717
1493	=begin table	1718	=begin table
1494		1719
1495	B<< C<h> >> Application Cursor Keys	1720	B<< C<h> >> Application Cursor Keys
1496	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Keys	1721	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Keys
1497		1722
1498	=end table	1723	=end table
1499		1724
1500	=item B<< C<Ps = 2> >> (ANSI/VT52 mode)	1725	=item B<< C<Pm = 2> >> (ANSI/VT52 mode)
1501		1726
1502	=begin table	1727	=begin table
1503		1728
1504	B<< C<h> >> Enter VT52 mode	1729	B<< C<h> >> Enter VT52 mode
1505	B<< C<l> >> Enter VT52 mode	1730	B<< C<l> >> Enter VT52 mode
1506		1731
1507	=end table	1732	=end table
1508		1733
1509	=item B<< C<Ps = 3> >>	1734	=item B<< C<Pm = 3> >>
1510		1735
1511	=begin table	1736	=begin table
1512		1737
1513	B<< C<h> >> 132 Column Mode (DECCOLM)	1738	B<< C<h> >> 132 Column Mode (DECCOLM)
1514	B<< C<l> >> 80 Column Mode (DECCOLM)	1739	B<< C<l> >> 80 Column Mode (DECCOLM)
1515		1740
1516	=end table	1741	=end table
1517		1742
1518	=item B<< C<Ps = 4> >>	1743	=item B<< C<Pm = 4> >>
1519		1744
1520	=begin table	1745	=begin table
1521		1746
1522	B<< C<h> >> Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM)	1747	B<< C<h> >> Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM)
1523	B<< C<l> >> Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM)	1748	B<< C<l> >> Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM)
1524		1749
1525	=end table	1750	=end table
1526		1751
1527	=item B<< C<Ps = 5> >>	1752	=item B<< C<Pm = 5> >>
1528		1753
1529	=begin table	1754	=begin table
1530		1755
1531	B<< C<h> >> Reverse Video (DECSCNM)	1756	B<< C<h> >> Reverse Video (DECSCNM)
1532	B<< C<l> >> Normal Video (DECSCNM)	1757	B<< C<l> >> Normal Video (DECSCNM)
1533		1758
1534	=end table	1759	=end table
1535		1760
1536	=item B<< C<Ps = 6> >>	1761	=item B<< C<Pm = 6> >>
1537		1762
1538	=begin table	1763	=begin table
1539		1764
1540	B<< C<h> >> Origin Mode (DECOM)	1765	B<< C<h> >> Origin Mode (DECOM)
1541	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM)	1766	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM)
1542		1767
1543	=end table	1768	=end table
1544		1769
1545	=item B<< C<Ps = 7> >>	1770	=item B<< C<Pm = 7> >>
1546		1771
1547	=begin table	1772	=begin table
1548		1773
1549	B<< C<h> >> Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)	1774	B<< C<h> >> Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)
1550	B<< C<l> >> No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)	1775	B<< C<l> >> No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)
1551		1776
1552	=end table	1777	=end table
1553		1778
1554	=item B<< C<Ps = 8> >> I<unimplemented>	1779	=item B<< C<Pm = 8> >> I<unimplemented>
1555		1780
1556	=begin table	1781	=begin table
1557		1782
1558	B<< C<h> >> Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)	1783	B<< C<h> >> Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)
1559	B<< C<l> >> No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)	1784	B<< C<l> >> No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)
1560		1785
1561	=end table	1786	=end table
1562		1787
1563	=item B<< C<Ps = 9> >> X10 XTerm	1788	=item B<< C<Pm = 9> >> X10 XTerm
1564		1789
1565	=begin table	1790	=begin table
1566		1791
1567	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press.	1792	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press.
1568	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1793	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1569		1794
1570	=end table	1795	=end table
1571		1796
1572	=item B<< C<Ps = 25> >>	1797	=item B<< C<Pm = 25> >>
1573		1798
1574	=begin table	1799	=begin table
1575		1800
1576	B<< C<h> >> Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis}	1801	B<< C<h> >> Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis}
1577	B<< C<l> >> Invisible cursor {civis}	1802	B<< C<l> >> Invisible cursor {civis}
1578		1803
1579	=end table	1804	=end table
1580		1805
1581	=item B<< C<Ps = 30> >>	1806	=item B<< C<Pm = 30> >>
1582		1807
1583	=begin table	1808	=begin table
1584		1809
1585	B<< C<h> >> scrollBar visisble	1810	B<< C<h> >> scrollBar visisble
1586	B<< C<l> >> scrollBar invisisble	1811	B<< C<l> >> scrollBar invisisble
1587		1812
1588	=end table	1813	=end table
1589		1814
1590	=item B<< C<Ps = 35> >> (B<rxvt>)	1815	=item B<< C<Pm = 35> >> (B<rxvt>)
1591		1816
1592	=begin table	1817	=begin table
1593		1818
1594	B<< C<h> >> Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences	1819	B<< C<h> >> Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences
1595	B<< C<l> >> Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences	1820	B<< C<l> >> Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences
1596		1821
1597	=end table	1822	=end table
1598		1823
1599	=item B<< C<Ps = 38> >> I<unimplemented>	1824	=item B<< C<Pm = 38> >> I<unimplemented>
1600		1825
1601	Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)	1826	Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)
1602		1827
1603	=item B<< C<Ps = 40> >>	1828	=item B<< C<Pm = 40> >>
1604		1829
1605	=begin table	1830	=begin table
1606		1831
1607	B<< C<h> >> Allow 80/132 Mode	1832	B<< C<h> >> Allow 80/132 Mode
1608	B<< C<l> >> Disallow 80/132 Mode	1833	B<< C<l> >> Disallow 80/132 Mode
1609		1834
1610	=end table	1835	=end table
1611		1836
1612	=item B<< C<Ps = 44> >> I<unimplemented>	1837	=item B<< C<Pm = 44> >> I<unimplemented>
1613		1838
1614	=begin table	1839	=begin table
1615		1840
1616	B<< C<h> >> Turn On Margin Bell	1841	B<< C<h> >> Turn On Margin Bell
1617	B<< C<l> >> Turn Off Margin Bell	1842	B<< C<l> >> Turn Off Margin Bell
1618		1843
1619	=end table	1844	=end table
1620		1845
1621	=item B<< C<Ps = 45> >> I<unimplemented>	1846	=item B<< C<Pm = 45> >> I<unimplemented>
1622		1847
1623	=begin table	1848	=begin table
1624		1849
1625	B<< C<h> >> Reverse-wraparound Mode	1850	B<< C<h> >> Reverse-wraparound Mode
1626	B<< C<l> >> No Reverse-wraparound Mode	1851	B<< C<l> >> No Reverse-wraparound Mode
1627		1852
1628	=end table	1853	=end table
1629		1854
1630	=item B<< C<Ps = 46> >> I<unimplemented>	1855	=item B<< C<Pm = 46> >> I<unimplemented>
1631		1856
1632	=item B<< C<Ps = 47> >>	1857	=item B<< C<Pm = 47> >>
1633		1858
1634	=begin table	1859	=begin table
1635		1860
1636	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer	1861	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer
1637	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer	1862	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer
1638		1863
1639	=end table	1864	=end table
1640		1865
1641	X<Priv66>	1866	X<Priv66>
1642		1867
1643	=item B<< C<Ps = 66> >>	1868	=item B<< C<Pm = 66> >>
1644		1869
1645	=begin table	1870	=begin table
1646		1871
1647	B<< C<h> >> Application Keypad (DECPAM) == C<ESC =>	1872	B<< C<h> >> Application Keypad (DECPAM) == C<ESC =>
1648	B<< C<l> >> Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == C<< ESC > >>	1873	B<< C<l> >> Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == C<< ESC > >>
1649		1874
1650	=end table	1875	=end table
1651		1876
1652	=item B<< C<Ps = 67> >>	1877	=item B<< C<Pm = 67> >>
1653		1878
1654	=begin table	1879	=begin table
1655		1880
1656	B<< C<h> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<BS> (DECBKM) >>	1881	B<< C<h> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<BS> (DECBKM) >>
1657	B<< C<l> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<DEL> >>	1882	B<< C<l> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<DEL> >>
1658		1883
1659	=end table	1884	=end table
1660		1885
1661	=item B<< C<Ps = 1000> >> (X11 XTerm)	1886	=item B<< C<Pm = 1000> >> (X11 XTerm)
1662		1887
1663	=begin table	1888	=begin table
1664		1889
1665	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release.	1890	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release.
1666	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1891	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1667		1892
1668	=end table	1893	=end table
1669		1894
1670	=item B<< C<Ps = 1001> >> (X11 XTerm) I<unimplemented>	1895	=item B<< C<Pm = 1001> >> (X11 XTerm) I<unimplemented>
1671		1896
1672	=begin table	1897	=begin table
1673		1898
1674	B<< C<h> >> Use Hilite Mouse Tracking.	1899	B<< C<h> >> Use Hilite Mouse Tracking.
1675	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1900	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1676		1901
1677	=end table	1902	=end table
1678		1903
1679	=item B<< C<Ps = 1010> >> (B<rxvt>)	1904	=item B<< C<Pm = 1010> >> (B<rxvt>)
1680		1905
1681	=begin table	1906	=begin table
1682		1907
1683	B<< C<h> >> Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output	1908	B<< C<h> >> Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output
1684	B<< C<l> >> Scroll to bottom on TTY output	1909	B<< C<l> >> Scroll to bottom on TTY output
1685		1910
1686	=end table	1911	=end table
1687		1912
1688	=item B<< C<Ps = 1011> >> (B<rxvt>)	1913	=item B<< C<Pm = 1011> >> (B<rxvt>)
1689		1914
1690	=begin table	1915	=begin table
1691		1916
1692	B<< C<h> >> Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed	1917	B<< C<h> >> Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed
1693	B<< C<l> >> Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed	1918	B<< C<l> >> Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed
1694		1919
1695	=end table	1920	=end table
1696		1921
1697	=item B<< C<Ps = 1021> >> (B<rxvt>)	1922	=item B<< C<Pm = 1021> >> (B<rxvt>)
1698		1923
1699	=begin table	1924	=begin table
1700		1925
1701	B<< C<h> >> Bold/italic implies high intensity (see option B<-is>)	1926	B<< C<h> >> Bold/italic implies high intensity (see option B<-is>)
1702	B<< C<l> >> Font styles have no effect on intensity (Compile styles)	1927	B<< C<l> >> Font styles have no effect on intensity (Compile styles)
1703		1928
1704	=end table	1929	=end table
1705		1930
1706	=item B<< C<Ps = 1047> >>	1931	=item B<< C<Pm = 1047> >>
1707		1932
1708	=begin table	1933	=begin table
1709		1934
1710	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer	1935	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer
1711	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if returning from it	1936	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if returning from it
1712		1937
1713	=end table	1938	=end table
1714		1939
1715	=item B<< C<Ps = 1048> >>	1940	=item B<< C<Pm = 1048> >>
1716		1941
1717	=begin table	1942	=begin table
1718		1943
1719	B<< C<h> >> Save cursor position	1944	B<< C<h> >> Save cursor position
1720	B<< C<l> >> Restore cursor position	1945	B<< C<l> >> Restore cursor position
1721		1946
1722	=end table	1947	=end table
1723		1948
1724	=item B<< C<Ps = 1049> >>	1949	=item B<< C<Pm = 1049> >>
1725		1950
1726	=begin table	1951	=begin table
1727		1952
1728	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if switching to it	1953	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if switching to it
1729	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer	1954	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer
…		…
1734		1959
1735	=back	1960	=back
1736		1961
1737	X<XTerm>	1962	X<XTerm>
1738		1963
1739	=head1 XTerm Operating System Commands	1964	=head2 XTerm Operating System Commands
1740		1965
1741	=over 4	1966	=over 4
1742		1967
1743	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>	1968	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>
1744		1969
…		…
1782		2007
1783	=end table	2008	=end table
1784		2009
1785	=back	2010	=back
1786		2011
1787	X<XPM>
1788
1789	=head1 XPM	2012	=head1 XPM
1790		2013
1791	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value	2014	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value
1792	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a	2015	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a
1793	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The	2016	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The
…		…
1890	=begin table	2113	=begin table
1891		2114
1892	4 Shift	2115	4 Shift
1893	8 Meta	2116	8 Meta
1894	16 Control	2117	16 Control
1895	32 Double Click I<(Rxvt extension)>	2118	32 Double Click I<(rxvt extension)>
1896		2119
1897	=end table	2120	=end table
1898		2121
1899	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>	2122	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>
1900		2123
…		…
1978		2201
1979	=head1 CONFIGURE OPTIONS	2202	=head1 CONFIGURE OPTIONS
1980		2203
1981	General hint: if you get compile errors, then likely your configuration	2204	General hint: if you get compile errors, then likely your configuration
1982	hasn't been tested well. Either try with C<--enable-everything> or use	2205	hasn't been tested well. Either try with C<--enable-everything> or use
1983	the F<./reconf> script as a base for experiments. F<./reconf> is used by	2206	the default configuration (i.e. C<--enable-xxx> or C<--disable-xxx>). Of
1984	myself, so it should generally be a working config. Of course, you should	2207	course, you should always report when a combination doesn't work, so it
1985	always report when a combination doesn't work, so it can be fixed. Marc	2208	can be fixed. Marc Lehmann <rxvt@schmorp.de>.
1986	Lehmann <rxvt@schmorp.de>.
1987		2209
1988	All	2210	All
1989		2211
1990	=over 4	2212	=over 4
1991		2213
…		…
2023		2245
2024	=begin table	2246	=begin table
2025		2247
2026	all all available codeset groups	2248	all all available codeset groups
2027	zh common chinese encodings	2249	zh common chinese encodings
2028	zh_ext rarely used but very big chinese encodigs	2250	zh_ext rarely used but very big chinese encodings
2029	jp common japanese encodings	2251	jp common japanese encodings
2030	jp_ext rarely used but big japanese encodings	2252	jp_ext rarely used but big japanese encodings
2031	kr korean encodings	2253	kr korean encodings
2032		2254
2033	=end table	2255	=end table
…		…
2047	requirements per character from 2 to 4 bytes. X11 fonts do not yet	2269	requirements per character from 2 to 4 bytes. X11 fonts do not yet
2048	support these extra characters, but Xft does.	2270	support these extra characters, but Xft does.
2049		2271
2050	Please note that rxvt-unicode can store unicode code points >65535	2272	Please note that rxvt-unicode can store unicode code points >65535
2051	even without this flag, but the number of such characters is	2273	even without this flag, but the number of such characters is
2052	limited to a view thousand (shared with combining characters,	2274	limited to a few thousand (shared with combining characters,
2053	see next switch), and right now rxvt-unicode cannot display them	2275	see next switch), and right now rxvt-unicode cannot display them
2054	(input/output and cut&paste still work, though).	2276	(input/output and cut&paste still work, though).
2055		2277
2056	=item --enable-combining (default: on)	2278	=item --enable-combining (default: on)
2057		2279
…		…
2171	A non-exhaustive list of features enabled by C<--enable-frills> (possibly	2393	A non-exhaustive list of features enabled by C<--enable-frills> (possibly
2172	in combination with other switches) is:	2394	in combination with other switches) is:
2173		2395
2174	MWM-hints	2396	MWM-hints
2175	EWMH-hints (pid, utf8 names) and protocols (ping)	2397	EWMH-hints (pid, utf8 names) and protocols (ping)
		2398	urgency hint
2176	seperate underline colour (-underlineColor)	2399	seperate underline colour (-underlineColor)
2177	settable border widths and borderless switch (-w, -b, -bl)	2400	settable border widths and borderless switch (-w, -b, -bl)
2178	visual depth selection (-depth)	2401	visual depth selection (-depth)
2179	settable extra linespacing /-lsp)	2402	settable extra linespacing /-lsp)
2180	iso-14755-2 and -3, and visual feedback	2403	iso-14755 5.1 (basic) support
2181	tripleclickwords (-tcw)	2404	tripleclickwords (-tcw)
2182	settable insecure mode (-insecure)	2405	settable insecure mode (-insecure)
2183	keysym remapping support	2406	keysym remapping support
2184	cursor blinking and underline cursor (-cb, -uc)	2407	cursor blinking and underline cursor (-cb, -uc)
2185	XEmbed support (-embed)	2408	XEmbed support (-embed)
2186	user-pty (-pty-fd)	2409	user-pty (-pty-fd)
2187	hold on exit (-hold)	2410	hold on exit (-hold)
2188	skip builtin block graphics (-sbg)	2411	skip builtin block graphics (-sbg)
		2412	separate highlightcolor support (-hc)
2189		2413
2190	It also enabled some non-essential features otherwise disabled, such as:	2414	It also enables some non-essential features otherwise disabled, such as:
2191		2415
2192	some round-trip time optimisations	2416	some round-trip time optimisations
2193	nearest color allocation on pseudocolor screens	2417	nearest color allocation on pseudocolor screens
2194	UTF8_STRING supporr for selection	2418	UTF8_STRING support for selection
2195	sgr modes 90..97 and 100..107	2419	sgr modes 90..97 and 100..107
2196	backindex and forwardindex escape sequences	2420	backindex and forwardindex escape sequences
2197	view change/zero scorllback esacpe sequences	2421	view change/zero scrollback escape sequences
2198	locale switching escape sequence	2422	locale switching escape sequence
2199	window op and some xterm/OSC escape sequences	2423	window op and some xterm/OSC escape sequences
2200	rectangular selections	2424	rectangular selections
2201	trailing space removal for selections	2425	trailing space removal for selections
2202	verbose X error handling	2426	verbose X error handling
…		…
2221		2445
2222	Add support for continual scrolling (using the mouse wheel as an	2446	Add support for continual scrolling (using the mouse wheel as an
2223	accelerator) while the control key is held down. This option	2447	accelerator) while the control key is held down. This option
2224	requires --enable-mousewheel to also be specified.	2448	requires --enable-mousewheel to also be specified.
2225		2449
2226	=item --disable-new-selection
2227
2228	Remove support for mouse selection style like that of xterm.
2229
2230	=item --enable-dmalloc (default: off)
2231
2232	Use Gray Watson's malloc - which is good for debugging See
2233	http://www.letters.com/dmalloc/ for details If you use either this or the
2234	next option, you may need to edit src/Makefile after compiling to point
2235	DINCLUDE and DLIB to the right places.
2236
2237	You can only use either this option and the following (should
2238	you use either) .
2239
2240	=item --enable-dlmalloc (default: off)
2241
2242	Use Doug Lea's malloc - which is good for a production version
2243	See L<http://g.oswego.edu/dl/html/malloc.html> for details.
2244
2245	=item --enable-smart-resize (default: on)	2450	=item --enable-smart-resize (default: on)
2246		2451
2247	Add smart growth/shrink behaviour when changing font size via hot	2452	Add smart growth/shrink behaviour when changing font size via hot
2248	keys. This should keep the window corner which is closest to a corner of	2453	keys. This should keep the window corner which is closest to a corner of
2249	the screen in a fixed position.	2454	the screen in a fixed position.
…		…
2253	Add support to have the pointer disappear when typing or inactive.	2458	Add support to have the pointer disappear when typing or inactive.
2254		2459
2255	=item --enable-perl (default: on)	2460	=item --enable-perl (default: on)
2256		2461
2257	Enable an embedded perl interpreter. See the B<@@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3)>	2462	Enable an embedded perl interpreter. See the B<@@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3)>
2258	manpage (F<doc/rxvtperl.txt>) for more info on this feature, or the files	2463	manpage (F<doc/rxvtperl.txt>) for more info on this feature, or the
2259	in F<src/perl-ext/> for the extensions that are installed by default. The	2464	files in F<src/perl-ext/> for the extensions that are installed by
2260	perl interpreter that is used can be specified via the C<PERL> environment	2465	default. The perl interpreter that is used can be specified via the
2261	variable when running configure.	2466	C<PERL> environment variable when running configure. Even when compiled
		2467	in, perl will I<not> be initialised when all extensions have been disabled
		2468	C<-pe "" --perl-ext-common "">, so it should be safe to enable from a
		2469	resource standpoint.
2262		2470
2263	=item --with-name=NAME (default: urxvt)	2471	=item --with-name=NAME (default: urxvt)
2264		2472
2265	Set the basename for the installed binaries, resulting	2473	Set the basename for the installed binaries, resulting
2266	in C<urxvt>, C<urxvtd> etc.). Specify C<--with-name=rxvt> to replace with	2474	in C<urxvt>, C<urxvtd> etc.). Specify C<--with-name=rxvt> to replace with

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