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Revision 1.99 by root, Tue Jan 31 00:57:35 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.135 by ayin, Sun Jun 24 23:30:17 2007 UTC

…		…
17		17
18	This document contains the FAQ, the RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE documenting	18	This document contains the FAQ, the RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE documenting
19	all escape sequences, and other background information.	19	all escape sequences, and other background information.
20		20
21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at	21	The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at
22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.	22	L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.
23		23
24	=head1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS	24	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
25		25
26	=head2 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select
27	single words?
28		26
29	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following	27	=head2 Meta, Features & Commandline Issues
30	setting:
31		28
32	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)	29	=head3 My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
33		30
34	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended	31	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
35	more and more.	32	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
		33	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
36		34
37	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:	35	=head3 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
38		36
39	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)	37	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
		38	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
		39	give you tabs:
40		40
41	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also	41	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed
42	selects words like the old code.
43		42
44	=head2 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
45	change/disable it?
46
47	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
48	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
49	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
50
51	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
52	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
53	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
54	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
55	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
56
57	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
58
59	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
60	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
61	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
62	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
63
64	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
65
66	=head2 The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how
67	do I switch this off?
68
69	=head2 During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor
70	outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
71
72	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
73	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
74	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
75	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
76	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
77
78	You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
79	extension:
80
81	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline	43	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed
82		44
83	=head2 Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?	45	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers
		46	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
		47	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
		48	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
		49	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
84		50
85	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X	51	=head3 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
86	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
87	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
88	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
89	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
90		52
91	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that	53	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
92	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to	54	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
93	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).	55	using the @@URXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
		56	daemon.
94		57
95	Also consider the form resources have to use:	58	=head3 Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
96		59
97	URxvt.resource: value	60	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
		61	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
		62	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
		63	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
		64	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
98		65
99	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of	66	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
100	specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it	67	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
101	works. If unsure, use the form above.	68	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
		69	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
		70	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
		71	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
102		72
103	=head2 I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?	73	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
104		74
105	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so	75	Try C<@@URXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@URXVT_NAME@@d to open the
106	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may	76	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
107	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
108	of passage: ... and you failed.
109		77
110	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option	78	=head3 How can I start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically when I run @@URXVT_NAME@@c?
111	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
112		79
113	1. Use inheritPixmap:	80	If you want to start @@URXVT_NAME@@d automatically whenever you run
		81	@@URXVT_NAME@@c and the daemon isn't running yet, use this script:
114		82
115	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg	83	#!/bin/sh
116	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40	84	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		85	if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then
		86	@@URXVT_NAME@@d -q -o -f
		87	@@URXVT_NAME@@c "$@"
		88	fi
117		89
118	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting	90	This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2,
119	support, or you are unable to read.	91	meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and
		92	re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the
		93	existing daemon.
120		94
121	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you	95	=head3 How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
122	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
123	your picture with gimp:
124		96
125	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm	97	The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM",
126	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background	98	so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
		99	slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
		100	whether or not to use color.
127		101
128	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you	102	=head3 How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
129	are unable to read.
130		103
131	3. Use an ARGB visual:	104	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
		105	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
		106	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
		107	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
		108	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
		109	regular xterm.
132		110
133	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc	111	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
		112	snippets:
134		113
135	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that	114	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
136	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't	115	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
137	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the neccessary	116	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
138	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that	117	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
139	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.	118	echo -n '^[Z'
		119	read term_id
		120	stty icanon echo
		121	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
		122	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
		123	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
		124	fi
		125	fi
140		126
141	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:	127	=head3 How do I compile the manual pages on my own?
142		128
143	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \	129	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
144	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000	130	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2xhtml> (from
		131	F<Pod::Xhtml>). Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
145		132
146	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
147	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
148	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
149
150	=head2 Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?	133	=head3 Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
151		134
152	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra	135	I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
153	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see	136	bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
154	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being	137	that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being
155	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even	138	compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even
…		…
159		142
160	text data bss drs rss filename	143	text data bss drs rss filename
161	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything	144	98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything
162	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything	145	188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything
163		146
164	When you C<--enable-everything> (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft	147	When you C<--enable-everything> (which I<is> unfair, as this involves xft
165	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my	148	and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my
166	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so.	149	libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so.
167		150
168	text data bss drs rss filename	151	text data bss drs rss filename
169	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything	152	163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything
170	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything	153	1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything
171		154
…		…
187	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra	170	(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra
188	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of	171	43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of
189	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares	172	startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares
190	extremely well *g*.	173	extremely well *g*.
191		174
192	=head2 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?	175	=head3 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
193		176
194	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had	177	Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had
195	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction	178	to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction
196	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even	179	of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even
197	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.	180	shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
…		…
221	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)	204	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
222		205
223	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),	206	No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
224	except maybe libX11 :)	207	except maybe libX11 :)
225		208
226	=head2 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
227		209
228	Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a	210	=head2 Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues
229	simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
230	give you tabs:
231		211
232	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe tabbed	212	=head3 I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
233		213
		214	First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so
		215	you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may
		216	bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
		217	of passage: ... and you failed.
		218
		219	Here are four ways to get transparency. B<Do> read the manpage and option
		220	descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it!
		221
		222	1. Use inheritPixmap:
		223
		224	Esetroot wallpaper.jpg
		225	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -ip -tint red -sh 40
		226
		227	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting
		228	support, or you are unable to read.
		229
		230	2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you
		231	to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever
		232	your picture with gimp or any other tool:
		233
		234	convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm
		235	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		236
		237	That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or you
		238	are unable to read.
		239
		240	3. Use an ARGB visual:
		241
		242	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc
		243
		244	This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that
		245	doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't
		246	there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the necessary
		247	bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but that
		248	doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place.
		249
		250	4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job:
		251
		252	xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \
		253	-set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000
		254
		255	Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
		256	by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
		257	your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
		258
		259	=head3 Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
		260
		261	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
		262	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
		263	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
		264	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
		265	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
		266
		267	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
		268	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
		269	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
		270	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
		271	cases).
		272
		273	It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,
		274	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using
		275	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you
		276	might be forced to use a different font.
		277
		278	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding
		279	box data is correct.
		280
		281	=head3 How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
		282
		283	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
		284	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
		285	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
		286	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
		287
		288	URxvt.colorBD: white
		289	URxvt.colorIT: green
		290
		291	=head3 Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
		292
		293	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
		294	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
		295	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
		296	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
		297
		298	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
		299	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
		300	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
		301
		302	=head3 Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
		303
		304	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
		305	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
		306
		307	printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
		308
		309	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
		310	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
		311	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
		312
		313	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
		314
		315	=head3 Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
		316
		317	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
		318	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
		319	Mono> completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to
		320	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
		321
		322	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		323	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		324
		325	=head3 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
		326
		327	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
		328	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
		329	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
		330	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
		331
		332	=head3 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
		333
		334	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
		335	fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core
		336	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
		337	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
		338	look best that way.
		339
		340	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
		341
		342	=head3 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
		343
		344	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
		345	standard foreground colour.
		346
		347	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
		348	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
		349	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
		350	ignored.
		351
		352	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
		353	foreground/background colors.
		354
		355	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
		356
		357	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
		358
		359	=head3 I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
		360
		361	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
		362	resources (or as long-options).
		363
		364	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
		365	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
		366
		367	URxvt.color0: #000000
		368	URxvt.color1: #A80000
		369	URxvt.color2: #00A800
		370	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
		371	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
		372	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
		373	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
		374	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
		375
		376	URxvt.color8: #000054
		377	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
		378	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
		379	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
		380	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
		381	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
		382	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
		383	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
		384
		385	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors.
		386
		387	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
		388	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
		389	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
		390	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
		391	URxvt.color0: #000000
		392	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
		393	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
		394	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
		395	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
		396	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
		397	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
		398	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
		399	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
		400	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
		401	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
		402	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
		403	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
		404	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
		405
		406	They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly".
		407
		408	=head3 Why do some characters look so much different than others?
		409
		410	See next entry.
		411
		412	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
		413
		414	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is
		415	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
		416	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
		417	to display.
		418
		419	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement
		420	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
		421	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't
		422	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
		423	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
		424	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
		425
		426	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,
		427	e.g.:
		428
		429	@@URXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...
		430
		431	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
		432	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
		433	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
		434	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
		435
		436	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
		437	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
		438	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
		439
		440	=head3 Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
		441
		442	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
		443	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
		444	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
		445	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
		446	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
		447	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
		448	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
		449	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
		450	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
		451
		452	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
		453	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
		454	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
		455	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
		456
		457	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
		458	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
		459	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
		460	has been designed yet).
		461
		462	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
		463	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
		464
		465	=head2 Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction
		466
		467	=head3 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words?
		468
		469	If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
		470	setting:
		471
		472	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
		473
		474	If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended
		475	more and more.
		476
		477	To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this pattern:
		478
		479	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
		480
		481	Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also
		482	selects words like the old code.
		483
		484	=head3 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it?
		485
		486	You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
		487	B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
		488	rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
		489
		490	If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to
		491	identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section
		492	B<PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS> in the @@URXVT_NAME@@perl(3) manpage. For
		493	example, to disable the B<selection-popup> and B<option-popup>, specify
		494	this B<perl-ext-common> resource:
		495
		496	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup
		497
		498	This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup
		499	extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example,
		500	scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
		501	other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
		502
		503	URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
		504
		505	=head3 The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off?
		506
		507	See next entry.
		508
		509	=head3 During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
		510
		511	These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
		512	circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
		513	line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
		514	but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
		515	cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
		516
		517	You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
		518	extension:
		519
234	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed	520	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
235		521
236	It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window managers	522	=head3 My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
237	or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
238	embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
239	the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
240	(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
241		523
242	=head2 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?	524	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
		525	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
		526	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of whether and how
		527	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
		528	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
		529	helped.
243		530
244	The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape	531	=head3 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
245	sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
246	using the @@RXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
247	daemon.
248		532
249	=head2 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...	533	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
		534	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
		535	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
		536	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
		537	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
		538	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
250		539
251	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large	540	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
252	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but	541	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
253	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
254	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
255	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
256	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
257	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
258	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
259		542
260	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and	543	=head3 I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
261	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
262	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
263	might encounter the same issue.
264		544
265	=head2 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any	545	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
266	recommendation?	546	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
		547	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
		548	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
		549	character and so on.
267		550
268	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>	551	=head3 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
269	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
270	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them,
271	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
272	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
273	the future) depends on it.
274		552
275	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources	553	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
276	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful	554	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
277	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty	555	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
278	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the	556	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
279	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.	557	depressed.
280		558
281	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal	559	=head3 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
282	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
283	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
284	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
285		560
286	=head2 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?	561	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
		562	Backspace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
		563	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
		564	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
287		565
288	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly	566	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
289	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.	567	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one and only correct
		568	choice :).
290		569
291	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork	570	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
292	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some	571	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
293	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges	572	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
294	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep	573	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
295	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains	574	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
296	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
297		575
298	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early	576	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
299	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
300	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
301	little risk.
302		577
		578	# use Backspace = ^H
		579	$ stty erase ^H
		580	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		581
		582	# use Backspace = ^?
		583	$ stty erase ^?
		584	$ @@URXVT_NAME@@
		585
		586	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
		587
		588	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
		589
		590	# use Backspace = ^H
		591	$ stty erase ^H
		592	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
		593
		594	# use Backspace = ^?
		595	$ stty erase ^?
		596	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
		597
		598	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
		599	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
		600	properly reflects that.
		601
		602	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
		603	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
		604	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
		605	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
		606
		607	Some other Backspace problems:
		608
		609	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
		610	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
		611	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
		612
		613	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
		614
		615	=head3 I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
		616
		617	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
		618	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
		619	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
		620
		621	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@URXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
		622
		623	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
		624	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
		625	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
		626	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
		627	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
		628	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
		629	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
		630	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
		631	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
		632	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
		633	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
		634	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
		635	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
		636	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
		637	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
		638	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
		639	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
		640	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
		641	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
		642	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
		643
		644	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
		645
		646	=head3 I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map
		647
		648	KP_Insert == Insert
		649	F22 == Print
		650	F27 == Home
		651	F29 == Prior
		652	F33 == End
		653	F35 == Next
		654
		655	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
		656	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
		657	required for your particular machine.
		658
		659
		660
		661	=head2 Terminal Configuration
		662
		663	=head3 Can I see a typical configuration?
		664
		665	The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like that
		666	much, but it's least surprise to regular users.
		667
		668	As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest
		669	time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the
		670	author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's certainly
		671	not I<typical>, but what's typical...
		672
		673	URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|'
		674	URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx
		675
		676	These are just for testing stuff.
		677
		678	URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8
		679	URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None
		680
		681	This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with
		682	the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit
		683	type, which requires the C<xim-onthespot> perl extension but rewards me
		684	with correct-looking fonts.
		685
		686	URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt
		687	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard
		688	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+)
		689	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\
		690	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		691	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		692
		693	This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library
		694	directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I
		695	develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I
		696	write.
		697
		698	The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware
		699	and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the
		700	relevant file and go tot he error line number.
		701
		702	URxvt.scrollstyle: plain
		703	URxvt.secondaryScroll: true
		704
		705	As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the
		706	author. The C<secondaryScroll> configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen
		707	apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's
		708	scrollback buffer.
		709
		710	URxvt.background: #000000
		711	URxvt.foreground: gray90
		712	URxvt.color7: gray90
		713	URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff
		714	URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080
		715	URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0
		716	URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0
		717
		718	Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults, but
		719	these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set foreground/background
		720	to light gray/black, and also make sure that the colour 7 matches the
		721	default foreground colour.
		722
		723	URxvt.underlineColor: yellow
		724
		725	Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts, but
		726	is mostly a nice effect.
		727
		728	URxvt.geometry: 154x36
		729	URxvt.loginShell: false
		730	URxvt.meta: ignore
		731	URxvt.utmpInhibit: true
		732
		733	Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults
		734	manually, I can quickly switch them for testing.
		735
		736	URxvt.saveLines: 8192
		737
		738	A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really.
		739
		740	URxvt.mapAlert: true
		741
		742	The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep
		743	iconified till people msg me (which beeps).
		744
		745	URxvt.visualBell: true
		746
		747	The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd.
		748
		749	URxvt.insecure: true
		750
		751	Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops...
		752
		753	URxvt.pastableTabs: false
		754
		755	I once thought this is a great idea.
		756
		757	urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\
		758	-misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\
		759	-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \
		760	[codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \
		761	xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \
		762	xft:Code2000:antialias=false
		763	urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15
		764	urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
		765	urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
		766
		767	I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be
		768	overwhelmed. A special note: the C<9x15bold> mentioned above is actually
		769	the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally different
		770	font (different glyphs for C<;> and many other harmless characters),
		771	while the second font is actually the C<9x15bold> from XFree4/XOrg. The
		772	bold version has less chars than the medium version, so I use it for rare
		773	characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use italic for comments
		774	and other stuff, which looks quite good with Bitstream Vera anti-aliased.
		775
		776	Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of my
		777	purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal (Non-bold)
		778	font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between bold and
		779	normal fonts.
		780
		781	Please note that I used the C<urxvt> instance name and not the C<URxvt>
		782	class name. Thats because I use different configs for different purposes,
		783	for example, my IRC window is started with C<-name IRC>, and uses these
		784	defaults:
		785
		786	IRC*title: IRC
		787	IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542
		788	IRC*saveLines: 0
		789	IRC*mapAlert: true
		790	IRC*font: suxuseuro
		791	IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro
		792	IRC*colorBD: white
		793	IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007
		794	IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007
		795
		796	C<Alt-Shift-1> and C<Alt-Shift-2> switch between two different font
		797	sizes. C<suxuseuro> allows me to keep an eye (and actually read)
		798	stuff while keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something
		799	complicated (e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font.
		800
		801	The above is all in my C<.Xdefaults> (I don't use C<.Xresources> nor
		802	C<xrdb>). I also have some resources in a separate C<.Xdefaults-hostname>
		803	file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use:
		804
		805	URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t
		806	URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t
		807	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t
		808	URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t
		809	URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test
		810
		811	The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows
		812	in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop
		813	immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the
		814	same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key
		815	combinations :->
		816
		817	=head3 Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
		818
		819	Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
		820	applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
		821	resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
		822	ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
		823	F<$HOME/.Xdefaults> when no resources are attached to the display.
		824
		825	If you have or use an F<$HOME/.Xresources> file, chances are that
		826	resources are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to
		827	re-login after every change (or run F<xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources>).
		828
		829	Also consider the form resources have to use:
		830
		831	URxvt.resource: value
		832
		833	If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
		834	specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it
		835	works. If unsure, use the form above.
		836
303	=head2 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?	837	=head3 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
304		838
305	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available	839	The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
306	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).	840	as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).
307		841
308	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can	842	The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can
309	be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):	843	be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp and works as user and admin):
310		844
311	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain	845	REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
312	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"	846	infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"
313		847
314	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,	848	... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,
		849
		850	One some systems you might need to set C<$TERMINFO> to the full path of
		851	F<$HOME/.terminfo> for this to work.
315		852
316	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set	853	If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
317	C<TERM=rxvt> or even C<TERM=xterm>, and live with the small number of	854	C<TERM=rxvt> or even C<TERM=xterm>, and live with the small number of
318	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different	855	problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different
319	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice	856	colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice
…		…
324	resource to set it:	861	resource to set it:
325		862
326	URxvt.termName: rxvt	863	URxvt.termName: rxvt
327		864
328	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace	865	If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace
329	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.	866	the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use C<TERM=rxvt>.
330		867
331	=head2 C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.	868	=head3 C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
332		869
333	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by	870	Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by
334	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.	871	C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.
335		872
336	=head2 C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@RXVT_NAME@@.	873	=head3 C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@URXVT_NAME@@.
337		874
		875	See next entry.
		876
338	=head2 I need a termcap file entry.	877	=head3 I need a termcap file entry.
339		878
340	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating	879	One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
341	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap	880	systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
342	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry	881	library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
343	for C<rxvt-unicode>.	882	for C<rxvt-unicode>.
344		883
345	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases.	884	You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many cases.
346	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program	885	You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program
347	like this:	886	like this:
348		887
349	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode	888	infocmp -C rxvt-unicode
350		889
…		…
369	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\	908	:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
370	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\	909	:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
371	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\	910	:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
372	:vs=\E[?25h:	911	:vs=\E[?25h:
373		912
374	=head2 Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?	913	=head3 Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?
375		914
376	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to	915	The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
377	decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration	916	decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration
378	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among	917	file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in its default file (among
379	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:	918	with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
380		919
381	TERM rxvt-unicode	920	TERM rxvt-unicode
382		921
383	to C</etc/DIR_COLORS> or simply add:	922	to C</etc/DIR_COLORS> or simply add:
384		923
385	alias ls='ls --color=auto'	924	alias ls='ls --color=auto'
386		925
387	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.	926	to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.
388		927
389	=head2 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?	928	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
390		929
		930	See next entry.
		931
391	=head2 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?	932	=head3 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
392		933
		934	See next entry.
		935
393	=head2 Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?	936	=head3 Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
394		937
395	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged	938	Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged
396	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode	939	distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode
397	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra	940	by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra
398	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian	941	features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian
399	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo	942	GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
400	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When	943	file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When
401	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on	944	I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on
402	how to do this).	945	how to do this).
403		946
404	=head2 My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
405		947
406	Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no	948	=head2 Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues
407	specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
408	by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how
409	this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
410	keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
411	helped.
412		949
413	=head2 Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?	950	=head3 Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
414		951
		952	See next entry.
		953
415	=head2 Unicode does not seem to work?	954	=head3 Unicode does not seem to work?
416		955
417	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but	956	If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
418	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is	957	getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is
419	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.	958	subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
420		959
421	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same C<LC_CTYPE> setting as the	960	Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same C<LC_CTYPE> setting as the
422	programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the C<C> locale, while the	961	programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the C<C> locale,
423	login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale to	962	while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the
424	something else, e.g. C<en_GB.UTF-8>. Needless to say, this is not going to work.	963	locale to something else, e.g. C<en_GB.UTF-8>. Needless to say, this is
		964	not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems.
425		965
426	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely run	966	The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely run
427	into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your .profile.	967	into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your .profile.
428		968
429	printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"	969	printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too
430		970
431	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a C<LC_CTYPE> specification not	971	If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a C<LC_CTYPE> specification not
432	supported on your systems. Some systems have a C<locale> command which	972	supported on your systems. Some systems have a C<locale> command which
433	displays this (also, C<perl -e0> can be used to check locale settings, as	973	displays this (also, C<perl -e0> can be used to check locale settings, as
434	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays something	974	it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays something
…		…
440		980
441	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then	981	If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
442	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't	982	you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
443	support locales :(	983	support locales :(
444		984
445	=head2 Why do some characters look so much different than others?	985	=head3 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
446		986
447	=head2 How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?	987	See next entry.
448		988
449	Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is	989	=head3 Is there an option to switch encodings?
450	fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
451	your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
452	to display.
453		990
454	B<rxvt-unicode> makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement	991	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
455	font. Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks	992	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
456	bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't	993	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
457	resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial
458	intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe
459	the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct.
460		994
461	In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list,	995	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
462	e.g.:	996	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
463		997	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
464	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -fn basefont,font2,font3...	998	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
465		999	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
466	When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base	1000	characters wrong as it uses its own, locale-independent table under all
467	font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the
468	next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this
469	search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server.
470
471	The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
472	font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
473	must be the same due to the way terminals work.
474
475	=head2 Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
476
477	This is because there is a difference between script and language --
478	rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
479	as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
480	sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
481	display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many
482	chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first
483	non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese font
484	-- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font for
485	chinese characters that are also in the japanese font.
486
487	The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font
488	list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as
489	a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font
490	first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first.
491
492	In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
493	runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different
494	fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this
495	has been designed yet).
496
497	Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
498	I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
499
500	=head2 Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
501
502	Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
503	size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
504	contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
505	these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
506	"careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent characters.
507
508	All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
509	however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed bounding
510	box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct way is to
511	ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is wrong in these
512	cases).	1001	locales).
513		1002
514	It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype,	1003	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
515	or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try using	1004	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
516	the C<-lsp> option to give the font more height. If that doesn't work, you	1005	interpretation of characters.
517	might be forced to use a different font.
518		1006
519	All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding	1007	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
520	box data is correct.	1008	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
521		1009
		1010	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
		1011	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
		1012	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
		1013	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
		1014	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
		1015
		1016	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
		1017	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
		1018	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
		1019	rxvt-unicode.
		1020
		1021	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
		1022	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
		1023
		1024	=head3 Can I switch locales at runtime?
		1025
		1026	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
		1027	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
		1028
		1029	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		1030
		1031	See also the previous answer.
		1032
		1033	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
		1034	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
		1035	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
		1036	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
		1037
		1038	printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
		1039	xjdic -js
		1040	printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
		1041
		1042	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
		1043	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
		1044	rxvt-unicode-locales.
		1045
		1046	=head3 I have problems getting my input method working.
		1047
		1048	Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input method server.
		1049
		1050	Here is a checklist:
		1051
		1052	=over 4
		1053
		1054	=item - Make sure your locale I<and> the imLocale are supported on your OS.
		1055
		1056	Try C<locale -a> or check the documentation for your OS.
		1057
		1058	=item - Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your XIM.
		1059
		1060	For example, B<kinput2> does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use
		1061	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP> or equivalent.
		1062
		1063	=item - Make sure your XIM server is actually running.
		1064
		1065	=item - Make sure the C<XMODIFIERS> environment variable is set correctly when I<starting> rxvt-unicode.
		1066
		1067	When you want to use e.g. B<kinput2>, it must be set to
		1068	C<@im=kinput2>. For B<scim>, use C<@im=SCIM>. You can see what input
		1069	method servers are running with this command:
		1070
		1071	xprop -root XIM_SERVERS
		1072
		1073	=item
		1074
		1075	=back
		1076
		1077	=head3 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
		1078
		1079	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
		1080	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
		1081
		1082	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
		1083
		1084	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
		1085	use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your Xlib
		1086	version, you may not be able to input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a
		1087	normal way then, as your input method limits you.
		1088
		1089	=head3 Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
		1090
		1091	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
		1092	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
		1093	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
		1094	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
		1095	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
		1096	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
		1097
		1098	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
		1099
		1100
		1101	=head2 Operating Systems / Package Maintaining
		1102
		1103	=head3 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
		1104
		1105	The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
		1106	patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
		1107	unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
		1108	the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
		1109	version (L<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce
		1110	the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific to
		1111	Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian Bug
		1112	Tracking System (use C<reportbug> to report the bug).
		1113
		1114	For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
		1115	probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
		1116	bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
		1117	might encounter the same issue.
		1118
		1119	=head3 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation?
		1120
		1121	You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>
		1122	now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
		1123	runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling them,
		1124	except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter should
		1125	be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely more in
		1126	the future) depends on it.
		1127
		1128	You should not overwrite the C<perl-ext-common> snd C<perl-ext> resources
		1129	system-wide (except maybe with C<defaults>). This will result in useful
		1130	behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty
		1131	C<perl-ext-common> resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the
		1132	perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it.
		1133
		1134	If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal
		1135	one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
		1136	C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
		1137	encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
		1138
		1139	=head3 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
		1140
		1141	It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
		1142	install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
		1143
		1144	When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
		1145	into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some
		1146	systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges
		1147	immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep
		1148	privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains
		1149	things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers).
		1150
		1151	This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early
		1152	and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
		1153	things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
		1154	little risk.
		1155
522	=head2 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.	1156	=head3 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
523		1157
524	Seems to be a known bug, read	1158	Seems to be a known bug, read
525	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the	1159	L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
526	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:	1160	following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
527		1161
528	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)	1162	#define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
529		1163
530	=head2 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
531
532	The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
533	correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
534	your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
535	your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
536	does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), then
537	rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
538
539	In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
540	one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
541
542	=head2 I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
543
544	Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
545	international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
546	advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
547	codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
548	character and so on.
549
550	=head2 How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
551
552	First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
553	(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
554	make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
555	rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
556
557	URxvt.colorBD: white
558	URxvt.colorIT: green
559
560	=head2 Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
561
562	For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
563	colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
564	8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
565	these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
566
567	In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
568	definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
569	fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
570
571	=head2 I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.	1164	=head3 I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
572		1165
573	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined	1166	Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined
574	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,	1167	in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
575	wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that	1168	whether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that
576	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.	1169	B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.
577		1170
578	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor	1171	As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor
579	does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal representation of	1172	does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of
580	B<wchar_t>. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.	1173	B<wchar_t>. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards.
581		1174
582	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in C<POSIX>, C<ISO-8859-1> and	1175	However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in C<POSIX>, C<ISO-8859-1> and
583	C<UTF-8> locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as B<wchar_t>.	1176	C<UTF-8> locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as B<wchar_t>.
584		1177
…		…
598		1191
599	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the	1192	The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
600	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry	1193	system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
601	complete replacements for them :)	1194	complete replacements for them :)
602		1195
603	=head2 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.	1196	=head3 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
604		1197
605	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst	1198	Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst
606	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.	1199	problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.
607		1200
608	=head2 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?	1201	=head3 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
609		1202
610	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using	1203	rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
611	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no	1204	the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
612	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a	1205	longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
613	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or	1206	single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or
…		…
616		1209
617	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte	1210	At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte
618	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited	1211	encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited
619	to 8-bit encodings.	1212	to 8-bit encodings.
620		1213
621	=head2 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
622
623	=head2 Is there an option to switch encodings?
624
625	Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
626	specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
627	UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
628
629	The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for selecting
630	the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating this to all
631	applications so everybody agrees on character properties such as width
632	and code number. This mechanism is the I<locale>. Applications not using
633	that info will have problems (for example, C<xterm> gets the width of
634	characters wrong as it uses it's own, locale-independent table under all
635	locales).
636
637	Rxvt-unicode uses the C<LC_CTYPE> locale category to select encoding. All
638	programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the
639	interpretation of characters.
640
641	Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor
642	is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.
643
644	On most systems, the content of the C<LC_CTYPE> environment variable
645	contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed
646	locale. Common names for locales are C<en_US.UTF-8>, C<de_DE.ISO-8859-15>,
647	C<ja_JP.EUC-JP>, i.e. C<language_country.encoding>, but other forms
648	(i.e. C<de> or C<german>) are also common.
649
650	Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for
651	the encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings,
652	i.e. C<de_DE.UTF-8> and C<ja_JP.UTF-8> are the normally same to
653	rxvt-unicode.
654
655	If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
656	rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
657
658	=head2 Can I switch locales at runtime?
659
660	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
661	rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
662
663	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
664
665	See also the previous answer.
666
667	Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
668	one locale (e.g. C<de_DE.UTF-8>) but some programs don't support it
669	(e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start C<xjdic>, which
670	first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:
671
672	printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
673	xjdic -js
674	printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8
675
676	You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
677	for some locales where character width differs between program- and
678	rxvt-unicode-locales.
679
680	=head2 Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
681
682	Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
683	effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
684
685	printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
686
687	This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a
688	japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
689	japanese fonts would only be in your way.
690
691	You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
692
693	=head2 Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
694
695	Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
696	example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
697	Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
698	enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
699
700	URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
701	URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
702
703	=head2 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
704
705	You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
706	terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
707
708	URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
709
710	Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
711	use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able to
712	input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a normal way then, as your input
713	method limits you.
714
715	=head2 Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
716
717	Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
718	design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
719	leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
720	exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
721	while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
722	crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
723
724	So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
725
726	=head2 Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
727
728	Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
729	don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
730	you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
731	when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
732	accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your characters.
733
734	Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
735	scrollback buffers: Without C<--enable-unicode3>, rxvt-unicode will use
736	6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
737	kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
738	use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
739	rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
740
741	=head2 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
742
743	Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
744	it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
745	antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
746	memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
747
748	=head2 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
749
750	Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
751	fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
752	fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
753	antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
754	look best that way.
755
756	If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
757
758	=head2 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
759
760	Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
761	some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
762	heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
763	quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
764	depressed.
765
766	=head2 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
767
768	If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
769	standard foreground colour.
770
771	For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
772	text blink when compiled with C<--enable-blinking>. with standard
773	colours. Without C<--enable-blinking>, the blink attribute will be
774	ignored.
775
776	On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity
777	foreground/background colors.
778
779	color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
780
781	color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
782
783	=head2 I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
784
785	You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
786	resources (or as long-options).
787
788	Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
789	including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:
790
791	URxvt.color0: #000000
792	URxvt.color1: #A80000
793	URxvt.color2: #00A800
794	URxvt.color3: #A8A800
795	URxvt.color4: #0000A8
796	URxvt.color5: #A800A8
797	URxvt.color6: #00A8A8
798	URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8
799
800	URxvt.color8: #000054
801	URxvt.color9: #FF0054
802	URxvt.color10: #00FF54
803	URxvt.color11: #FFFF54
804	URxvt.color12: #0000FF
805	URxvt.color13: #FF00FF
806	URxvt.color14: #00FFFF
807	URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF
808
809	And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by
810	me) as "pretty girly".
811
812	URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1
813	URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
814	URxvt.background: #0e0e0e
815	URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1
816	URxvt.color0: #000000
817	URxvt.color8: #8b8f93
818	URxvt.color1: #dc74d1
819	URxvt.color9: #dc74d1
820	URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7
821	URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7
822	URxvt.color3: #dfe37e
823	URxvt.color11: #dfe37e
824	URxvt.color5: #9e88f0
825	URxvt.color13: #9e88f0
826	URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
827	URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
828	URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
829	URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
830
831	=head2 How can I start @@RXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
832
833	Try C<@@RXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@RXVT_NAME@@d to open the
834	display, create the listening socket and then fork.
835
836	=head2 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
837
838	Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
839	BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
840	question) there are two standard values that can be used for
841	Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
842
843	Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the debian
844	policy of using C<^?> when unsure, because it's the one only only correct
845	choice :).
846
847	Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the value
848	of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode wasn't
849	started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), then the
850	system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in <termios.h>, will
851	be used (which may not be the same as your stty setting).
852
853	For starting a new rxvt-unicode:
854
855	# use Backspace = ^H
856	$ stty erase ^H
857	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
858
859	# use Backspace = ^?
860	$ stty erase ^?
861	$ @@RXVT_NAME@@
862
863	Toggle with C<ESC [ 36 h> / C<ESC [ 36 l>.
864
865	For an existing rxvt-unicode:
866
867	# use Backspace = ^H
868	$ stty erase ^H
869	$ echo -n "^[[36h"
870
871	# use Backspace = ^?
872	$ stty erase ^?
873	$ echo -n "^[[36l"
874
875	This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but
876	if you use Backspace = C<^H>, make sure that the termcap/terminfo value
877	properly reflects that.
878
879	The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace problem.
880	To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the Delete
881	key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for Execute
882	(C<ESC [ 3 ~>) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo.
883
884	Some other Backspace problems:
885
886	some editors use termcap/terminfo,
887	some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
888	GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
889
890	Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
891
892	=head2 I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
893
894	There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
895	you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
896	use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
897
898	Here's an example for a URxvt session started using C<@@RXVT_NAME@@ -name URxvt>
899
900	URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~
901	URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~
902	URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'>
903	URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/>
904	URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;>
905	URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`>
906	URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,>
907	URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.>
908	URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`>
909	URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab>
910	URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return>
911	URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return>
912	URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space>
913	URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up>
914	URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down>
915	URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left>
916	URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right>
917	URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
918	URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
919	URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
920
921	See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
922
923	=head2 I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys.
924	How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4
925	has the following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
926
927	KP_Insert == Insert
928	F22 == Print
929	F27 == Home
930	F29 == Prior
931	F33 == End
932	F35 == Next
933
934	Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
935	keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
936	required for your particular machine.
937
938	=head2 How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
939	I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
940
941	rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
942	check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
943	Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether or
944	not to use color.
945
946	=head2 How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
947
948	If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
949	insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
950	snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
951	wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
952	the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from a
953	regular xterm.
954
955	Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script
956	snippets:
957
958	# Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
959	[ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
960	if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
961	stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
962	echo -n '^[Z'
963	read term_id
964	stty icanon echo
965	if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
966	echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
967	read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
968	fi
969	fi
970
971	=head2 How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
972
973	You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
974	one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to
975	the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
976
977	=head2 My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
978
979	Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
980	channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
981	interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
982
983	=head1 RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE	1214	=head1 RXVT-UNICODE TECHNICAL REFERENCE
984
985	=head1 DESCRIPTION
986		1215
987	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of	1216	The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of
988	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,	1217	B<rxvt-unicode>. First the description of supported command sequences,
989	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features	1218	followed by pixmap support and last by a description of all features
990	selectable at C<configure> time.	1219	selectable at C<configure> time.
991		1220
992	=head1 Definitions	1221	=head2 Definitions
993		1222
994	=over 4	1223	=over 4
995		1224
996	=item B<< C<c> >>	1225	=item B<< C<c> >>
997		1226
…		…
1015		1244
1016	A text parameter composed of printable characters.	1245	A text parameter composed of printable characters.
1017		1246
1018	=back	1247	=back
1019		1248
1020	=head1 Values	1249	=head2 Values
1021		1250
1022	=over 4	1251	=over 4
1023		1252
1024	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>	1253	=item B<< C<ENQ> >>
1025		1254
…		…
1068		1297
1069	Space Character	1298	Space Character
1070		1299
1071	=back	1300	=back
1072		1301
1073	=head1 Escape Sequences	1302	=head2 Escape Sequences
1074		1303
1075	=over 4	1304	=over 4
1076		1305
1077	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>	1306	=item B<< C<ESC # 8> >>
1078		1307
…		…
1176		1405
1177	=back	1406	=back
1178		1407
1179	X<CSI>	1408	X<CSI>
1180		1409
1181	=head1 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences	1410	=head2 CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences
1182		1411
1183	=over 4	1412	=over 4
1184		1413
1185	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>	1414	=item B<< C<ESC [ Ps @> >>
1186		1415
…		…
1456		1685
1457	=back	1686	=back
1458		1687
1459	X<PrivateModes>	1688	X<PrivateModes>
1460		1689
1461	=head1 DEC Private Modes	1690	=head2 DEC Private Modes
1462		1691
1463	=over 4	1692	=over 4
1464		1693
1465	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>	1694	=item B<< C<ESC [ ? Pm h> >>
1466		1695
…		…
1482		1711
1483	Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension). I<where>	1712	Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension). I<where>
1484		1713
1485	=over 4	1714	=over 4
1486		1715
1487	=item B<< C<Ps = 1> >> (DECCKM)	1716	=item B<< C<Pm = 1> >> (DECCKM)
1488		1717
1489	=begin table	1718	=begin table
1490		1719
1491	B<< C<h> >> Application Cursor Keys	1720	B<< C<h> >> Application Cursor Keys
1492	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Keys	1721	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Keys
1493		1722
1494	=end table	1723	=end table
1495		1724
1496	=item B<< C<Ps = 2> >> (ANSI/VT52 mode)	1725	=item B<< C<Pm = 2> >> (ANSI/VT52 mode)
1497		1726
1498	=begin table	1727	=begin table
1499		1728
1500	B<< C<h> >> Enter VT52 mode	1729	B<< C<h> >> Enter VT52 mode
1501	B<< C<l> >> Enter VT52 mode	1730	B<< C<l> >> Enter VT52 mode
1502		1731
1503	=end table	1732	=end table
1504		1733
1505	=item B<< C<Ps = 3> >>	1734	=item B<< C<Pm = 3> >>
1506		1735
1507	=begin table	1736	=begin table
1508		1737
1509	B<< C<h> >> 132 Column Mode (DECCOLM)	1738	B<< C<h> >> 132 Column Mode (DECCOLM)
1510	B<< C<l> >> 80 Column Mode (DECCOLM)	1739	B<< C<l> >> 80 Column Mode (DECCOLM)
1511		1740
1512	=end table	1741	=end table
1513		1742
1514	=item B<< C<Ps = 4> >>	1743	=item B<< C<Pm = 4> >>
1515		1744
1516	=begin table	1745	=begin table
1517		1746
1518	B<< C<h> >> Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM)	1747	B<< C<h> >> Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM)
1519	B<< C<l> >> Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM)	1748	B<< C<l> >> Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM)
1520		1749
1521	=end table	1750	=end table
1522		1751
1523	=item B<< C<Ps = 5> >>	1752	=item B<< C<Pm = 5> >>
1524		1753
1525	=begin table	1754	=begin table
1526		1755
1527	B<< C<h> >> Reverse Video (DECSCNM)	1756	B<< C<h> >> Reverse Video (DECSCNM)
1528	B<< C<l> >> Normal Video (DECSCNM)	1757	B<< C<l> >> Normal Video (DECSCNM)
1529		1758
1530	=end table	1759	=end table
1531		1760
1532	=item B<< C<Ps = 6> >>	1761	=item B<< C<Pm = 6> >>
1533		1762
1534	=begin table	1763	=begin table
1535		1764
1536	B<< C<h> >> Origin Mode (DECOM)	1765	B<< C<h> >> Origin Mode (DECOM)
1537	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM)	1766	B<< C<l> >> Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM)
1538		1767
1539	=end table	1768	=end table
1540		1769
1541	=item B<< C<Ps = 7> >>	1770	=item B<< C<Pm = 7> >>
1542		1771
1543	=begin table	1772	=begin table
1544		1773
1545	B<< C<h> >> Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)	1774	B<< C<h> >> Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)
1546	B<< C<l> >> No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)	1775	B<< C<l> >> No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)
1547		1776
1548	=end table	1777	=end table
1549		1778
1550	=item B<< C<Ps = 8> >> I<unimplemented>	1779	=item B<< C<Pm = 8> >> I<unimplemented>
1551		1780
1552	=begin table	1781	=begin table
1553		1782
1554	B<< C<h> >> Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)	1783	B<< C<h> >> Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)
1555	B<< C<l> >> No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)	1784	B<< C<l> >> No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)
1556		1785
1557	=end table	1786	=end table
1558		1787
1559	=item B<< C<Ps = 9> >> X10 XTerm	1788	=item B<< C<Pm = 9> >> X10 XTerm
1560		1789
1561	=begin table	1790	=begin table
1562		1791
1563	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press.	1792	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press.
1564	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1793	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1565		1794
1566	=end table	1795	=end table
1567		1796
1568	=item B<< C<Ps = 25> >>	1797	=item B<< C<Pm = 25> >>
1569		1798
1570	=begin table	1799	=begin table
1571		1800
1572	B<< C<h> >> Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis}	1801	B<< C<h> >> Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis}
1573	B<< C<l> >> Invisible cursor {civis}	1802	B<< C<l> >> Invisible cursor {civis}
1574		1803
1575	=end table	1804	=end table
1576		1805
1577	=item B<< C<Ps = 30> >>	1806	=item B<< C<Pm = 30> >>
1578		1807
1579	=begin table	1808	=begin table
1580		1809
1581	B<< C<h> >> scrollBar visisble	1810	B<< C<h> >> scrollBar visisble
1582	B<< C<l> >> scrollBar invisisble	1811	B<< C<l> >> scrollBar invisisble
1583		1812
1584	=end table	1813	=end table
1585		1814
1586	=item B<< C<Ps = 35> >> (B<rxvt>)	1815	=item B<< C<Pm = 35> >> (B<rxvt>)
1587		1816
1588	=begin table	1817	=begin table
1589		1818
1590	B<< C<h> >> Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences	1819	B<< C<h> >> Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences
1591	B<< C<l> >> Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences	1820	B<< C<l> >> Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences
1592		1821
1593	=end table	1822	=end table
1594		1823
1595	=item B<< C<Ps = 38> >> I<unimplemented>	1824	=item B<< C<Pm = 38> >> I<unimplemented>
1596		1825
1597	Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)	1826	Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)
1598		1827
1599	=item B<< C<Ps = 40> >>	1828	=item B<< C<Pm = 40> >>
1600		1829
1601	=begin table	1830	=begin table
1602		1831
1603	B<< C<h> >> Allow 80/132 Mode	1832	B<< C<h> >> Allow 80/132 Mode
1604	B<< C<l> >> Disallow 80/132 Mode	1833	B<< C<l> >> Disallow 80/132 Mode
1605		1834
1606	=end table	1835	=end table
1607		1836
1608	=item B<< C<Ps = 44> >> I<unimplemented>	1837	=item B<< C<Pm = 44> >> I<unimplemented>
1609		1838
1610	=begin table	1839	=begin table
1611		1840
1612	B<< C<h> >> Turn On Margin Bell	1841	B<< C<h> >> Turn On Margin Bell
1613	B<< C<l> >> Turn Off Margin Bell	1842	B<< C<l> >> Turn Off Margin Bell
1614		1843
1615	=end table	1844	=end table
1616		1845
1617	=item B<< C<Ps = 45> >> I<unimplemented>	1846	=item B<< C<Pm = 45> >> I<unimplemented>
1618		1847
1619	=begin table	1848	=begin table
1620		1849
1621	B<< C<h> >> Reverse-wraparound Mode	1850	B<< C<h> >> Reverse-wraparound Mode
1622	B<< C<l> >> No Reverse-wraparound Mode	1851	B<< C<l> >> No Reverse-wraparound Mode
1623		1852
1624	=end table	1853	=end table
1625		1854
1626	=item B<< C<Ps = 46> >> I<unimplemented>	1855	=item B<< C<Pm = 46> >> I<unimplemented>
1627		1856
1628	=item B<< C<Ps = 47> >>	1857	=item B<< C<Pm = 47> >>
1629		1858
1630	=begin table	1859	=begin table
1631		1860
1632	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer	1861	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer
1633	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer	1862	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer
1634		1863
1635	=end table	1864	=end table
1636		1865
1637	X<Priv66>	1866	X<Priv66>
1638		1867
1639	=item B<< C<Ps = 66> >>	1868	=item B<< C<Pm = 66> >>
1640		1869
1641	=begin table	1870	=begin table
1642		1871
1643	B<< C<h> >> Application Keypad (DECPAM) == C<ESC =>	1872	B<< C<h> >> Application Keypad (DECPAM) == C<ESC =>
1644	B<< C<l> >> Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == C<< ESC > >>	1873	B<< C<l> >> Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == C<< ESC > >>
1645		1874
1646	=end table	1875	=end table
1647		1876
1648	=item B<< C<Ps = 67> >>	1877	=item B<< C<Pm = 67> >>
1649		1878
1650	=begin table	1879	=begin table
1651		1880
1652	B<< C<h> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<BS> (DECBKM) >>	1881	B<< C<h> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<BS> (DECBKM) >>
1653	B<< C<l> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<DEL> >>	1882	B<< C<l> >> Backspace key sends B<< C<DEL> >>
1654		1883
1655	=end table	1884	=end table
1656		1885
1657	=item B<< C<Ps = 1000> >> (X11 XTerm)	1886	=item B<< C<Pm = 1000> >> (X11 XTerm)
1658		1887
1659	=begin table	1888	=begin table
1660		1889
1661	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release.	1890	B<< C<h> >> Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release.
1662	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1891	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1663		1892
1664	=end table	1893	=end table
1665		1894
1666	=item B<< C<Ps = 1001> >> (X11 XTerm) I<unimplemented>	1895	=item B<< C<Pm = 1001> >> (X11 XTerm) I<unimplemented>
1667		1896
1668	=begin table	1897	=begin table
1669		1898
1670	B<< C<h> >> Use Hilite Mouse Tracking.	1899	B<< C<h> >> Use Hilite Mouse Tracking.
1671	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.	1900	B<< C<l> >> No mouse reporting.
1672		1901
1673	=end table	1902	=end table
1674		1903
1675	=item B<< C<Ps = 1010> >> (B<rxvt>)	1904	=item B<< C<Pm = 1010> >> (B<rxvt>)
1676		1905
1677	=begin table	1906	=begin table
1678		1907
1679	B<< C<h> >> Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output	1908	B<< C<h> >> Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output
1680	B<< C<l> >> Scroll to bottom on TTY output	1909	B<< C<l> >> Scroll to bottom on TTY output
1681		1910
1682	=end table	1911	=end table
1683		1912
1684	=item B<< C<Ps = 1011> >> (B<rxvt>)	1913	=item B<< C<Pm = 1011> >> (B<rxvt>)
1685		1914
1686	=begin table	1915	=begin table
1687		1916
1688	B<< C<h> >> Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed	1917	B<< C<h> >> Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed
1689	B<< C<l> >> Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed	1918	B<< C<l> >> Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed
1690		1919
1691	=end table	1920	=end table
1692		1921
1693	=item B<< C<Ps = 1021> >> (B<rxvt>)	1922	=item B<< C<Pm = 1021> >> (B<rxvt>)
1694		1923
1695	=begin table	1924	=begin table
1696		1925
1697	B<< C<h> >> Bold/italic implies high intensity (see option B<-is>)	1926	B<< C<h> >> Bold/italic implies high intensity (see option B<-is>)
1698	B<< C<l> >> Font styles have no effect on intensity (Compile styles)	1927	B<< C<l> >> Font styles have no effect on intensity (Compile styles)
1699		1928
1700	=end table	1929	=end table
1701		1930
1702	=item B<< C<Ps = 1047> >>	1931	=item B<< C<Pm = 1047> >>
1703		1932
1704	=begin table	1933	=begin table
1705		1934
1706	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer	1935	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer
1707	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if returning from it	1936	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if returning from it
1708		1937
1709	=end table	1938	=end table
1710		1939
1711	=item B<< C<Ps = 1048> >>	1940	=item B<< C<Pm = 1048> >>
1712		1941
1713	=begin table	1942	=begin table
1714		1943
1715	B<< C<h> >> Save cursor position	1944	B<< C<h> >> Save cursor position
1716	B<< C<l> >> Restore cursor position	1945	B<< C<l> >> Restore cursor position
1717		1946
1718	=end table	1947	=end table
1719		1948
1720	=item B<< C<Ps = 1049> >>	1949	=item B<< C<Pm = 1049> >>
1721		1950
1722	=begin table	1951	=begin table
1723		1952
1724	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if switching to it	1953	B<< C<h> >> Use Alternate Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if switching to it
1725	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer	1954	B<< C<l> >> Use Normal Screen Buffer
…		…
1730		1959
1731	=back	1960	=back
1732		1961
1733	X<XTerm>	1962	X<XTerm>
1734		1963
1735	=head1 XTerm Operating System Commands	1964	=head2 XTerm Operating System Commands
1736		1965
1737	=over 4	1966	=over 4
1738		1967
1739	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>	1968	=item B<< C<ESC ] Ps;Pt ST> >>
1740		1969
…		…
1778		2007
1779	=end table	2008	=end table
1780		2009
1781	=back	2010	=back
1782		2011
1783	X<XPM>
1784
1785	=head1 XPM	2012	=head1 XPM
1786		2013
1787	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value	2014	For the XPM XTerm escape sequence B<< C<ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST> >> then value
1788	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a	2015	of B<< C<Pt> >> can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a
1789	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The	2016	sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The
…		…
1886	=begin table	2113	=begin table
1887		2114
1888	4 Shift	2115	4 Shift
1889	8 Meta	2116	8 Meta
1890	16 Control	2117	16 Control
1891	32 Double Click I<(Rxvt extension)>	2118	32 Double Click I<(rxvt extension)>
1892		2119
1893	=end table	2120	=end table
1894		2121
1895	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>	2122	Col = B<< C<< <x> - SPACE >> >>
1896		2123
…		…
1974		2201
1975	=head1 CONFIGURE OPTIONS	2202	=head1 CONFIGURE OPTIONS
1976		2203
1977	General hint: if you get compile errors, then likely your configuration	2204	General hint: if you get compile errors, then likely your configuration
1978	hasn't been tested well. Either try with C<--enable-everything> or use	2205	hasn't been tested well. Either try with C<--enable-everything> or use
1979	the F<./reconf> script as a base for experiments. F<./reconf> is used by	2206	the default configuration (i.e. C<--enable-xxx> or C<--disable-xxx>). Of
1980	myself, so it should generally be a working config. Of course, you should	2207	course, you should always report when a combination doesn't work, so it
1981	always report when a combination doesn't work, so it can be fixed. Marc	2208	can be fixed. Marc Lehmann <rxvt@schmorp.de>.
1982	Lehmann <rxvt@schmorp.de>.
1983		2209
1984	All	2210	All
1985		2211
1986	=over 4	2212	=over 4
1987		2213
…		…
2019		2245
2020	=begin table	2246	=begin table
2021		2247
2022	all all available codeset groups	2248	all all available codeset groups
2023	zh common chinese encodings	2249	zh common chinese encodings
2024	zh_ext rarely used but very big chinese encodigs	2250	zh_ext rarely used but very big chinese encodings
2025	jp common japanese encodings	2251	jp common japanese encodings
2026	jp_ext rarely used but big japanese encodings	2252	jp_ext rarely used but big japanese encodings
2027	kr korean encodings	2253	kr korean encodings
2028		2254
2029	=end table	2255	=end table
…		…
2043	requirements per character from 2 to 4 bytes. X11 fonts do not yet	2269	requirements per character from 2 to 4 bytes. X11 fonts do not yet
2044	support these extra characters, but Xft does.	2270	support these extra characters, but Xft does.
2045		2271
2046	Please note that rxvt-unicode can store unicode code points >65535	2272	Please note that rxvt-unicode can store unicode code points >65535
2047	even without this flag, but the number of such characters is	2273	even without this flag, but the number of such characters is
2048	limited to a view thousand (shared with combining characters,	2274	limited to a few thousand (shared with combining characters,
2049	see next switch), and right now rxvt-unicode cannot display them	2275	see next switch), and right now rxvt-unicode cannot display them
2050	(input/output and cut&paste still work, though).	2276	(input/output and cut&paste still work, though).
2051		2277
2052	=item --enable-combining (default: on)	2278	=item --enable-combining (default: on)
2053		2279
…		…
2167	A non-exhaustive list of features enabled by C<--enable-frills> (possibly	2393	A non-exhaustive list of features enabled by C<--enable-frills> (possibly
2168	in combination with other switches) is:	2394	in combination with other switches) is:
2169		2395
2170	MWM-hints	2396	MWM-hints
2171	EWMH-hints (pid, utf8 names) and protocols (ping)	2397	EWMH-hints (pid, utf8 names) and protocols (ping)
		2398	urgency hint
2172	seperate underline colour (-underlineColor)	2399	seperate underline colour (-underlineColor)
2173	settable border widths and borderless switch (-w, -b, -bl)	2400	settable border widths and borderless switch (-w, -b, -bl)
2174	visual depth selection (-depth)	2401	visual depth selection (-depth)
2175	settable extra linespacing /-lsp)	2402	settable extra linespacing /-lsp)
2176	iso-14755-2 and -3, and visual feedback	2403	iso-14755 5.1 (basic) support
2177	tripleclickwords (-tcw)	2404	tripleclickwords (-tcw)
2178	settable insecure mode (-insecure)	2405	settable insecure mode (-insecure)
2179	keysym remapping support	2406	keysym remapping support
2180	cursor blinking and underline cursor (-cb, -uc)	2407	cursor blinking and underline cursor (-cb, -uc)
2181	XEmbed support (-embed)	2408	XEmbed support (-embed)
2182	user-pty (-pty-fd)	2409	user-pty (-pty-fd)
2183	hold on exit (-hold)	2410	hold on exit (-hold)
2184	skip builtin block graphics (-sbg)	2411	skip builtin block graphics (-sbg)
		2412	separate highlightcolor support (-hc)
2185		2413
2186	It also enabled some non-essential features otherwise disabled, such as:	2414	It also enables some non-essential features otherwise disabled, such as:
2187		2415
2188	some round-trip time optimisations	2416	some round-trip time optimisations
2189	nearest color allocation on pseudocolor screens	2417	nearest color allocation on pseudocolor screens
2190	UTF8_STRING supporr for selection	2418	UTF8_STRING support for selection
2191	sgr modes 90..97 and 100..107	2419	sgr modes 90..97 and 100..107
2192	backindex and forwardindex escape sequences	2420	backindex and forwardindex escape sequences
2193	view change/zero scorllback esacpe sequences	2421	view change/zero scrollback escape sequences
2194	locale switching escape sequence	2422	locale switching escape sequence
2195	window op and some xterm/OSC escape sequences	2423	window op and some xterm/OSC escape sequences
2196	rectangular selections	2424	rectangular selections
2197	trailing space removal for selections	2425	trailing space removal for selections
2198	verbose X error handling	2426	verbose X error handling
…		…
2217		2445
2218	Add support for continual scrolling (using the mouse wheel as an	2446	Add support for continual scrolling (using the mouse wheel as an
2219	accelerator) while the control key is held down. This option	2447	accelerator) while the control key is held down. This option
2220	requires --enable-mousewheel to also be specified.	2448	requires --enable-mousewheel to also be specified.
2221		2449
2222	=item --disable-new-selection
2223
2224	Remove support for mouse selection style like that of xterm.
2225
2226	=item --enable-dmalloc (default: off)
2227
2228	Use Gray Watson's malloc - which is good for debugging See
2229	http://www.letters.com/dmalloc/ for details If you use either this or the
2230	next option, you may need to edit src/Makefile after compiling to point
2231	DINCLUDE and DLIB to the right places.
2232
2233	You can only use either this option and the following (should
2234	you use either) .
2235
2236	=item --enable-dlmalloc (default: off)
2237
2238	Use Doug Lea's malloc - which is good for a production version
2239	See L<http://g.oswego.edu/dl/html/malloc.html> for details.
2240
2241	=item --enable-smart-resize (default: on)	2450	=item --enable-smart-resize (default: on)
2242		2451
2243	Add smart growth/shrink behaviour when changing font size via hot	2452	Add smart growth/shrink behaviour when changing font size via hot
2244	keys. This should keep the window corner which is closest to a corner of	2453	keys. This should keep the window corner which is closest to a corner of
2245	the screen in a fixed position.	2454	the screen in a fixed position.
…		…
2249	Add support to have the pointer disappear when typing or inactive.	2458	Add support to have the pointer disappear when typing or inactive.
2250		2459
2251	=item --enable-perl (default: on)	2460	=item --enable-perl (default: on)
2252		2461
2253	Enable an embedded perl interpreter. See the B<@@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3)>	2462	Enable an embedded perl interpreter. See the B<@@RXVT_NAME@@perl(3)>
2254	manpage (F<doc/rxvtperl.txt>) for more info on this feature, or the files	2463	manpage (F<doc/rxvtperl.txt>) for more info on this feature, or the
2255	in F<src/perl-ext/> for the extensions that are installed by default. The	2464	files in F<src/perl-ext/> for the extensions that are installed by
2256	perl interpreter that is used can be specified via the C<PERL> environment	2465	default. The perl interpreter that is used can be specified via the
2257	variable when running configure.	2466	C<PERL> environment variable when running configure. Even when compiled
		2467	in, perl will I<not> be initialised when all extensions have been disabled
		2468	C<-pe "" --perl-ext-common "">, so it should be safe to enable from a
		2469	resource standpoint.
2258		2470
2259	=item --with-name=NAME (default: urxvt)	2471	=item --with-name=NAME (default: urxvt)
2260		2472
2261	Set the basename for the installed binaries, resulting	2473	Set the basename for the installed binaries, resulting
2262	in C<urxvt>, C<urxvtd> etc.). Specify C<--with-name=rxvt> to replace with	2474	in C<urxvt>, C<urxvtd> etc.). Specify C<--with-name=rxvt> to replace with

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