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Revision 1.99 by root, Tue Jan 31 00:57:35 2006 UTC

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21The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at 21The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide Web at
22L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>. 22L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.
23 23
24=head1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 24=head1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
25 25
26=over 4
27
28=item The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select 26=head2 The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select
29single words? 27single words?
30 28
31Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can use 29If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following
32the following resource: 30setting:
33 31
34 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) 32 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+)
35 33
36If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended 34If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended
37more and more. 35more and more.
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41 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) 39 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+)
42 40
43Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also 41Please also note that the I<LeftClick Shift-LeftClik> combination also
44selects words like the old code. 42selects words like the old code.
45 43
46=item I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I 44=head2 I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I
47change/disable it? 45change/disable it?
48 46
49You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the 47You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the
50B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps 48B<perl-ext-common> resource to the empty string, which also keeps
51rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. 49rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory.
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63scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any 61scrollback search mode is triggered by B<M-s>. You can move it to any
64other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource: 62other combination either by setting the B<searchable-scrollback> resource:
65 63
66 URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s 64 URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s
67 65
66=head2 The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how
67do I switch this off?
68
69=head2 During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor
70outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this?
71
72These are caused by the C<readline> perl extension. Under normal
73circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the
74line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment,
75but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in some
76cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly.
77
78You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the C<readline>
79extension:
80
81 URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline
82
68=item Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources? 83=head2 Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources?
69 84
70Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X 85Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X
71applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads 86applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads
72resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will 87resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will
73ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read 88ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read
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83 98
84If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of 99If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of
85specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it 100specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it
86works. If unsure, use the form above. 101works. If unsure, use the form above.
87 102
88=item I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong? 103=head2 I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong?
89 104
90First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so 105First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, so
91you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may 106you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you may
92bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite 107bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a rite
93of passage: ... and you failed. 108of passage: ... and you failed.
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130 145
131Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000> 146Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace C<0xc0000000>
132by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and 147by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and
133your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces. 148your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces.
134 149
135=item Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? 150=head2 Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat?
136 151
137I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra 152I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra
138bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see 153bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see
139that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being 154that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always being
140compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even 155compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after startup. Even
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172(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra 187(21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole (22200k + extra
17343180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of 18843180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half a minute of
174startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares 189startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits out), it fares
175extremely well *g*. 190extremely well *g*.
176 191
177=item Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? 192=head2 Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool?
178 193
179Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had 194Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I had
180to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction 195to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a fraction
181of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even 196of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put even
182shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. 197shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++.
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206 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) 221 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000)
207 222
208No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically), 223No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically),
209except maybe libX11 :) 224except maybe libX11 :)
210 225
211=item Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? 226=head2 Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode?
212 227
213Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a 228Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a
214simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should 229simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these should
215give you tabs: 230give you tabs:
216 231
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222or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be 237or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be
223embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or 238embedded into other programs, as witnessed by F<doc/rxvt-tabbed> or
224the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt 239the upcoming C<Gtk2::URxvt> perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt
225(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application. 240(murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application.
226 241
227=item How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? 242=head2 How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
228 243
229The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape 244The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
230sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When 245sequence C<ESC [ 8 n> sets the window title to the version number. When
231using the @@RXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the 246using the @@RXVT_NAME@@c client, the version displayed is that of the
232daemon. 247daemon.
233 248
234=item I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... 249=head2 I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
235 250
236The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large 251The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
237patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but 252patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but
238unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to 253unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to
239the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine 254the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine
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245For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and 260For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
246probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a 261probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a
247bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that 262bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users that
248might encounter the same issue. 263might encounter the same issue.
249 264
250=item I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any 265=head2 I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any
251recommendation? 266recommendation?
252 267
253You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure> 268You should build one binary with the default options. F<configure>
254now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them 269now enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them
255runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them, 270runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling them,
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266If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal 281If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal
267one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with 282one with C<--disable-everything> (very useful) and a maximal one with
268C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of 283C<--enable-everything> (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of
269encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used). 284encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used).
270 285
271=item I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe? 286=head2 I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe?
272 287
273It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly 288It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly
274install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now. 289install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now.
275 290
276When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork 291When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork
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283This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early 298This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very early
284and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or 299and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before main(), or
285things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very 300things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should result in very
286little risk. 301little risk.
287 302
288=item When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? 303=head2 When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
289 304
290The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available 305The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available
291as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises). 306as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often arises).
292 307
293The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can 308The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this can
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311 URxvt.termName: rxvt 326 URxvt.termName: rxvt
312 327
313If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace 328If you don't plan to use B<rxvt> (quite common...) you could also replace
314the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. 329the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.
315 330
316=item C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. 331=head2 C<tic> outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
317 332
318Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by 333Most likely it's the empty definition for C<enacs=>. Just replace it by
319C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again. 334C<enacs=\E[0@> and try again.
320 335
321=item C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@RXVT_NAME@@. 336=head2 C<bash>'s readline does not work correctly under @@RXVT_NAME@@.
322 337
323=item I need a termcap file entry. 338=head2 I need a termcap file entry.
324 339
325One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating 340One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating
326systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap 341systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap
327library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry 342library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry
328for C<rxvt-unicode>. 343for C<rxvt-unicode>.
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354 :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ 369 :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
355 :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\ 370 :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
356 :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ 371 :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
357 :vs=\E[?25h: 372 :vs=\E[?25h:
358 373
359=item Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output? 374=head2 Why does C<ls> no longer have coloured output?
360 375
361The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to 376The C<ls> in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
362decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration 377decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration
363file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among 378file. Needless to say, C<rxvt-unicode> is not in it's default file (among
364with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: 379with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:
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369 384
370 alias ls='ls --color=auto' 385 alias ls='ls --color=auto'
371 386
372to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>. 387to your C<.profile> or C<.bashrc>.
373 388
374=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? 389=head2 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
375 390
376=item Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? 391=head2 Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
377 392
378=item Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? 393=head2 Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
379 394
380Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged 395Make sure you are using C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>. Some pre-packaged
381distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode 396distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode
382by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra 397by setting C<TERM> to C<rxvt>, which doesn't have these extra
383features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian 398features. Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian
384GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo 399GNU/Linux) furthermore fail to even install the C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
385file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When 400file, so you will need to install it on your own (See the question B<When
386I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on 401I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?> on
387how to do this). 402how to do this).
388 403
389=item My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? 404=head2 My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
390 405
391Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no 406Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
392specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused 407specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is caused
393by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how 408by the wrong C<TERM> setting, although the details of wether and how
394this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible 409this can happen are unknown, as C<TERM=rxvt> should offer a compatible
395keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that 410keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please report if that
396helped. 411helped.
397 412
398=item Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? 413=head2 Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
399 414
400=item Unicode does not seem to work? 415=head2 Unicode does not seem to work?
401 416
402If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but 417If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but
403getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is 418getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output is
404subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings. 419subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings.
405 420
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425 440
426If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then 441If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then
427you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't 442you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't
428support locales :( 443support locales :(
429 444
430=item Why do some characters look so much different than others? 445=head2 Why do some characters look so much different than others?
431 446
432=item How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? 447=head2 How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
433 448
434Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is 449Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is
435fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of 450fine. Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
436your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want 451your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want
437to display. 452to display.
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455 470
456The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base 471The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the base
457font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which 472font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, which
458must be the same due to the way terminals work. 473must be the same due to the way terminals work.
459 474
460=item Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? 475=head2 Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
461 476
462This is because there is a difference between script and language -- 477This is because there is a difference between script and language --
463rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, 478rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is,
464as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first 479as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first
465sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for 480sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for
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480has been designed yet). 495has been designed yet).
481 496
482Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can 497Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see L<Can
483I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document). 498I switch the fonts at runtime?> later in this document).
484 499
485=item Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? 500=head2 Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
486 501
487Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character 502Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that character
488size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might 503size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal use might
489contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid 504contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode will avoid
490these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special 505these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too wide a special
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502might be forced to use a different font. 517might be forced to use a different font.
503 518
504All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding 519All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their bounding
505box data is correct. 520box data is correct.
506 521
507=item On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide. 522=head2 On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
508 523
509Seems to be a known bug, read 524Seems to be a known bug, read
510L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the 525L<http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
511following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working: 526following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:
512 527
513 #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x) 528 #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)
514 529
515=item My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. 530=head2 My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
516 531
517The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set 532The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set
518correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by 533correctly, or you specified a B<preeditStyle> that is not supported by
519your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and 534your input method. For example, if you specified B<OverTheSpot> and
520your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) 535your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys)
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522rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method. 537rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.
523 538
524In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than 539In this case either do not specify a B<preeditStyle> or specify more than
525one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>. 540one pre-edit style, such as B<OverTheSpot,Root,None>.
526 541
527=item I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755 542=head2 I cannot type C<Ctrl-Shift-2> to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755
528 543
529Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on 544Either try C<Ctrl-2> alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
530international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your 545international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
531advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other 546advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for other
532codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape 547codes, too, such as C<Ctrl-Shift-1-d> to type the default telnet escape
533character and so on. 548character and so on.
534 549
535=item How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? 550=head2 How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
536 551
537First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings 552First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings
538(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then 553(C<TERM=rxvt-unicode>), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then
539make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise 554make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise
540rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect: 555rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect:
541 556
542 URxvt.colorBD: white 557 URxvt.colorBD: white
543 URxvt.colorIT: green 558 URxvt.colorIT: green
544 559
545=item Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that? 560=head2 Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that?
546 561
547For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird 562For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird
548colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard 563colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the standard
5498 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix 5648 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of course, to fix
550these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons. 565these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very good reasons.
551 566
552In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo 567In the meantime, you can either edit your C<rxvt-unicode> terminfo
553definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will 568definition to only claim 8 colour support or use C<TERM=rxvt>, which will
554fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features. 569fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features.
555 570
556=item I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. 571=head2 I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
557 572
558Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined 573Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> to be defined
559in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it, 574in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it,
560wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that 575wether it defines the symbol or not. C<__STDC_ISO_10646__> requires that
561B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode. 576B<wchar_t> is represented as unicode.
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583 598
584The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the 599The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the
585system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry 600system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry
586complete replacements for them :) 601complete replacements for them :)
587 602
588=item I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc. 603=head2 I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
589 604
590Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst 605Try the diff in F<doc/solaris9.patch> as a base. It fixes the worst
591problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem. 606problems with C<wcwidth> and a compile problem.
592 607
593=item How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? 608=head2 How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
594 609
595rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using 610rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
596the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no 611the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
597longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a 612longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
598single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or 613single font). I recommend starting the X-server in C<-multiwindow> or
… …
601 616
602At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte 617At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any multi-byte
603encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited 618encodings (you might try C<LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8>), so you are likely limited
604to 8-bit encodings. 619to 8-bit encodings.
605 620
606=item How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? 621=head2 How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
607 622
608=item Is there an option to switch encodings? 623=head2 Is there an option to switch encodings?
609 624
610Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no 625Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no
611specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about 626specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know about
612UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O. 627UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O.
613 628
… …
638rxvt-unicode. 653rxvt-unicode.
639 654
640If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start 655If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start
641rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category. 656rxvt-unicode with the correct C<LC_CTYPE> category.
642 657
643=item Can I switch locales at runtime? 658=head2 Can I switch locales at runtime?
644 659
645Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets 660Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
646rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>. 661rxvt-unicode's idea of C<LC_CTYPE>.
647 662
648 printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS 663 printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
… …
660 675
661You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except 676You can also use xterm's C<luit> program, which usually works fine, except
662for some locales where character width differs between program- and 677for some locales where character width differs between program- and
663rxvt-unicode-locales. 678rxvt-unicode-locales.
664 679
665=item Can I switch the fonts at runtime? 680=head2 Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
666 681
667Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same 682Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the same
668effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately: 683effect as using the C<-fn> switch, and takes effect immediately:
669 684
670 printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" 685 printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"
… …
673japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where 688japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where
674japanese fonts would only be in your way. 689japanese fonts would only be in your way.
675 690
676You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. 691You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.
677 692
678=item Why do italic characters look as if clipped? 693=head2 Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
679 694
680Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For 695Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
681example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans 696example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font C<xft:Bitstream Vera Sans
682Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to 697Mono> completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to
683enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: 698enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:
684 699
685 URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true 700 URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
686 URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true 701 URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true
687 702
688=item My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? 703=head2 My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
689 704
690You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the 705You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of the
691terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>: 706terminal, using the resource C<imlocale>:
692 707
693 URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP 708 URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP
… …
695Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still 710Now you can start your terminal with C<LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8> and still
696use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able to 711use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able to
697input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a normal way then, as your input 712input characters outside C<EUC-JP> in a normal way then, as your input
698method limits you. 713method limits you.
699 714
700=item Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. 715=head2 Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
701 716
702Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by 717Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
703design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory 718design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
704leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at 719leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at
705exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, 720exit time. B<kinput2> (and derived input methods) generally succeeds,
706while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, 721while B<SCIM> (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however,
707crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate. 722crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate.
708 723
709So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. 724So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.
710 725
711=item Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? 726=head2 Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
712 727
713Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you 728Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something you
714don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that 729don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings that
715you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design, 730you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by design,
716when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded 731when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be loaded
… …
7216 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a 7366 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a
722kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full) 737kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if full)
723use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as 738use 10 Megabytes of memory. With C<--enable-unicode3> it gets worse, as
724rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. 739rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.
725 740
726=item Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? 741=head2 Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
727 742
728Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as 743Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as
729it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable 744it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable
730antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of 745antialiasing (by appending C<:antialias=false>), which saves lots of
731memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. 746memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.
732 747
733=item Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? 748=head2 Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
734 749
735Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to 750Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
736fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core 751fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
737fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has 752fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has
738antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they 753antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they
739look best that way. 754look best that way.
740 755
741If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. 756If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.
742 757
743=item Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. 758=head2 Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
744 759
745Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing 760Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
746some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've 761some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've
747heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A 762heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A
748quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are 763quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are
749depressed. 764depressed.
750 765
751=item What's with this bold/blink stuff? 766=head2 What's with this bold/blink stuff?
752 767
753If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the 768If no bold colour is set via C<colorBD:>, bold will invert text using the
754standard foreground colour. 769standard foreground colour.
755 770
756For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the 771For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
… …
763 778
764color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. 779color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.
765 780
766color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. 781color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.
767 782
768=item I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? 783=head2 I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
769 784
770You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults> 785You can change the screen colors at run-time using F<~/.Xdefaults>
771resources (or as long-options). 786resources (or as long-options).
772 787
773Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, 788Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
… …
811 URxvt.color6: #73f7ff 826 URxvt.color6: #73f7ff
812 URxvt.color14: #73f7ff 827 URxvt.color14: #73f7ff
813 URxvt.color7: #e1dddd 828 URxvt.color7: #e1dddd
814 URxvt.color15: #e1dddd 829 URxvt.color15: #e1dddd
815 830
816=item How can I start @@RXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way? 831=head2 How can I start @@RXVT_NAME@@d in a race-free way?
817 832
818Try C<@@RXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@RXVT_NAME@@d to open the 833Try C<@@RXVT_NAME@@d -f -o>, which tells @@RXVT_NAME@@d to open the
819display, create the listening socket and then fork. 834display, create the listening socket and then fork.
820 835
821=item What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? 836=head2 What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
822 837
823Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the 838Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
824BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following 839BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
825question) there are two standard values that can be used for 840question) there are two standard values that can be used for
826Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>. 841Backspace: C<^H> and C<^?>.
… …
872some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H, 887some editors (vim I'm told) expect Backspace = ^H,
873GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help. 888GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help.
874 889
875Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. 890Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.
876 891
877=item I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? 892=head2 I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
878 893
879There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless 894There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless
880you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can 895you have run "configure" with the C<--disable-resources> option you can
881use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms. 896use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with keysyms.
882 897
… …
903 URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > 918 URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
904 URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 919 URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007
905 920
906See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource. 921See some more examples in the documentation for the B<keysym> resource.
907 922
908=item I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. 923=head2 I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys.
909How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 924How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4
910has the following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize. 925has the following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
911 926
912 KP_Insert == Insert 927 KP_Insert == Insert
913 F22 == Print 928 F22 == Print
… …
918 933
919Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible 934Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various possible
920keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as 935keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the keys as
921required for your particular machine. 936required for your particular machine.
922 937
923=item How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? 938=head2 How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
924I need this to decide about setting colors etc. 939I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
925 940
926rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can 941rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can
927check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn, 942check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn,
928Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether or 943Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether or
929not to use color. 944not to use color.
930 945
931=item How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? 946=head2 How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
932 947
933If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled 948If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
934insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script 949insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
935snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode 950snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode
936wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then 951wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) then
… …
951 echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string 966 echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
952 read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell 967 read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell
953 fi 968 fi
954 fi 969 fi
955 970
956=item How do I compile the manual pages for myself? 971=head2 How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
957 972
958You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>, 973You need to have a recent version of perl installed as F</usr/bin/perl>,
959one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to 974one that comes with F<pod2man>, F<pod2text> and F<pod2html>. Then go to
960the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>. 975the doc subdirectory and enter C<make alldoc>.
961 976
962=item My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? 977=head2 My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
963 978
964Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>, 979Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: C<irc.freenode.net>,
965channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be 980channel C<#rxvt-unicode> has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be
966interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :). 981interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :).
967
968=back
969 982
970=head1 RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE 983=head1 RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE
971 984
972=head1 DESCRIPTION 985=head1 DESCRIPTION
973 986

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