rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.txt

NAME
    RXVT REFERENCE - FAQ, command sequences and other background information

SYNOPSIS
       # set a new font set
       printf '\33]50;%s\007' 9x15,xft:Kochi" Mincho"

       # change the locale and tell rxvt-unicode about it
       export LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.EUC-JP; printf "\33]701;$LC_CTYPE\007"

       # set window title
       printf '\33]2;%s\007' "new window title"

DESCRIPTION
    This document contains the FAQ, the RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE documenting
    all escape sequences, and other background information.

    The newest version of this document is also available on the World Wide
    Web at
    <http://cvs.schmorp.de/browse/*checkout*/rxvt-unicode/doc/rxvt.7.html>.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
    How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using?
        The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape
        sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number.

    I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem...
        The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large
        patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode.
        Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please
        download and install the genuine version
        (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the
        problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific
        to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the
        Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug).

        For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and
        probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's
        also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for
        other users that might encounter the same issue.

    When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data?
        The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely
        available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same
        problem often arises).

        The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo,
        this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp):

           REMOTE=remotesystem.domain
           infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti"

        ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system,

        If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set
        "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of
        problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and
        different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen
        applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases,
        though.

        If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences)
        you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or
        use a resource to set it:

           URxvt.termName: rxvt

        If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also
        replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one.

    "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry.
        Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it
        by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again.

    "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt.
    I need a termcap file entry.
        One reason you might want this is that some distributions or
        operating systems still compile some programs using the
        long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example)
        and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode".

        You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many
        cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's
        infocmp program like this:

           infocmp -C rxvt-unicode

        Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above:

           rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\
                   :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\
                   :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\
                   :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\
                   :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\
                   :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\
                   :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\
                   :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\
                   :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\
                   :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\
                   :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\
                   :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\
                   :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\
                   :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\
                   :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\
                   :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\
                   :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\
                   :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\
                   :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\
                   :vs=\E[?25h:

    Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output?
        The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to
        decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration
        file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file
        (among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add:

           TERM rxvt-unicode

        to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add:

           alias ls='ls --color=auto'

        to your ".profile" or ".bashrc".

    Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode?
    Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic?
    Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly?
        Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged
        distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by
        setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features.
        Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux)
        furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file,
        so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I
        log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on
        how to do this).

    My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output?
        Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no
        specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is
        caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether
        and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a
        compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and
        please report if that helped.

    Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding?
    Unicode does not seem to work?
        If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character
        but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program
        output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale
        settings.

        Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the
        programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the
        login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the
        locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this
        is not going to work.

        The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will
        likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in
        your .profile.

          printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE"

        If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification
        not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command
        which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale
        settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale).
        If it displays something like:

          locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ...

        Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system.

        If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly
        then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs
        just don't support locales :(

    Why do some characters look so much different than others?
    How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts?
        Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine.
        Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of
        your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you
        want to display.

        rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font.
        Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks
        bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that
        don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the
        artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it
        has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain
        indeed look correct.

        In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font
        list, e.g.:

           rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3...

        When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base
        font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to
        the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed
        up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the
        X-server.

        The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the
        base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell
        size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work.

    Why do some chinese characters look so different than others?
        This is because there is a difference between script and language --
        rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output
        is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode
        first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese
        font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font.
        Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts,
        so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will
        look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will
        still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in
        the japanese font.

        The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your
        font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font
        list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a
        japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font
        first.

        In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at
        runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using
        different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no
        interface for this has been designed yet).

        Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see
        "Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document).

    Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings?
        Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that
        character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for
        terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide.
        Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are
        just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used
        that redraws adjacent characters.

        All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes,
        however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed
        bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the
        correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which
        unfortunately is wrong in these cases).

        It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft,
        freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you
        might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If
        that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font.

        All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their
        bounding box data is correct.

    On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide.
        Seems to be a known bug, read
        <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the
        following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working:

           #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x)

    My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working.
        The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not
        set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported
        by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and
        your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose
        keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual),
        then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method.

        In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more
        than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None.

    I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO
    14755
        Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on
        international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your
        advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for
        other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default
        telnet escape character and so on.

    How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much?
        First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal
        settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these
        effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and
        bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate
        the effect:

           URxvt.colorBD:  white
           URxvt.colorIT:  green

    Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how
    can I fix that?
        For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very
        weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than
        the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is,
        of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours
        without very good reasons.

        In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo
        definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which
        will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode
        features.

    I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all.
        Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined
        in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements
        it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__"
        requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode.

        As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl
        nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal
        representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with
        respect to standards.

        However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1"
        and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t.

        "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language
        apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized)
        representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between
        wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other
        encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and
        every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into
        anything except the current locale encoding.

        Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this
        by carrying their own replacement functions for character set
        handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or
        doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the
        OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal
        emulator).

        The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in
        the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app
        to carry complete replacements for them :)

    I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc.
        Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst
        problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem.

    How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin?
        rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using
        the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no
        longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a
        single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or
        "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as
        the old libW11 emulation.

        At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any
        multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are
        likely limited to 8-bit encodings.

    How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use?
    Is there an option to switch encodings?
        Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch,
        and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't
        even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to
        terminal I/O.

        The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for
        selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating
        this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties
        such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*.
        Applications not using that info will have problems (for example,
        "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own,
        locale-independent table under all locales).

        Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding.
        All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree
        in the interpretation of characters.

        Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales,
        nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like.

        On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable
        contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an
        already-installed locale. Common names for locales are
        "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e.
        "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german")
        are also common.

        Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the
        encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e.
        "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to
        rxvt-unicode.

        If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you
        start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category.

    Can I switch locales at runtime?
        Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets
        rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE".

          printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS

        See also the previous answer.

        Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in
        one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it
        (e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which
        first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later:

           printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS
           xjdic -js
           printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8

        You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine,
        except for some locales where character width differs between
        program- and rxvt-unicode-locales.

    Can I switch the fonts at runtime?
        Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has
        the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect
        immediately:

           printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic"

        This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer
        a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily,
        where japanese fonts would only be in your way.

        You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching.

    Why do italic characters look as if clipped?
        Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For
        example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera
        Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might
        be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this:

           URxvt.italicFont:        xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true
           URxvt.boldItalicFont:    xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true

    My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do?
        You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest
        of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale":

           URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP

        Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and
        still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not
        be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then,
        as your input method limits you.

    Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits.
        Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by
        design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory
        leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering
        at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally
        succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end,
        however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides
        cooperate.

        So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers.

    Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that?
        Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for
        something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure
        out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a
        resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no
        Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find
        a font for your characters.

        Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger
        scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will
        use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to
        almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will
        then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3"
        it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell.

    Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow?
        Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely,
        as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to
        disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialiasing=false"), which
        saves lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably.

    Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong?
        Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to
        fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core
        fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It
        has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author
        thinks they look best that way.

        If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually.

    Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works.
        Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing
        some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode.
        I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise
        specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt
        or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7)

    What's with this bold/blink stuff?
        If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using
        the standard foreground colour.

        For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the
        text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard
        colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be
        ignored.

        On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set
        high-intensity foreground/background colors.

        color0-7 are the low-intensity colors.

        color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors.

    I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them?
        You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults
        resources (or as long-options).

        Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen,
        including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow:

           URxvt.color0:   #000000
           URxvt.color1:   #A80000
           URxvt.color2:   #00A800
           URxvt.color3:   #A8A800
           URxvt.color4:   #0000A8
           URxvt.color5:   #A800A8
           URxvt.color6:   #00A8A8
           URxvt.color7:   #A8A8A8

           URxvt.color8:   #000054
           URxvt.color9:   #FF0054
           URxvt.color10:  #00FF54
           URxvt.color11:  #FFFF54
           URxvt.color12:  #0000FF
           URxvt.color13:  #FF00FF
           URxvt.color14:  #00FFFF
           URxvt.color15:  #FFFFFF

        And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described
        (not by me) as "pretty girly".

           URxvt.cursorColor:  #dc74d1
           URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1
           URxvt.background:   #0e0e0e
           URxvt.foreground:   #4ad5e1
           URxvt.color0:       #000000
           URxvt.color8:       #8b8f93
           URxvt.color1:       #dc74d1
           URxvt.color9:       #dc74d1
           URxvt.color2:       #0eb8c7
           URxvt.color10:      #0eb8c7
           URxvt.color3:       #dfe37e
           URxvt.color11:      #dfe37e
           URxvt.color5:       #9e88f0
           URxvt.color13:      #9e88f0
           URxvt.color6:       #73f7ff
           URxvt.color14:      #73f7ff
           URxvt.color7:       #e1dddd
           URxvt.color15:      #e1dddd

    How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way?
        Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the
        listening socket and then fork.

    What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour?
        Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the
        BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following
        question) there are two standard values that can be used for
        Backspace: "^H" and "^?".

        Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the
        debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only
        only correct choice :).

        Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the
        value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode
        wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote
        shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to
        CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as
        your stty setting).

        For starting a new rxvt-unicode:

           # use Backspace = ^H
           $ stty erase ^H
           $ rxvt

           # use Backspace = ^?
           $ stty erase ^?
           $ rxvt

        Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in rxvt(7).

        For an existing rxvt-unicode:

           # use Backspace = ^H
           $ stty erase ^H
           $ echo -n "^[[36h"

           # use Backspace = ^?
           $ stty erase ^?
           $ echo -n "^[[36l"

        This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur,
        but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo
        value properly reflects that.

        The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace
        problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys,
        the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the
        vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied
        termcap/terminfo.

        Some other Backspace problems:

        some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told)
        expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for
        help.

        Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner.

    I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them?
        There are some compile-time selections available via configure.
        Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources"
        option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings
        associated with keysyms.

        Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name
        URxvt"

           URxvt.keysym.Home:          \033[1~
           URxvt.keysym.End:           \033[4~
           URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe:  \033<C-'>
           URxvt.keysym.C-slash:       \033<C-/>
           URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon:   \033<C-;>
           URxvt.keysym.C-grave:       \033<C-`>
           URxvt.keysym.C-comma:       \033<C-,>
           URxvt.keysym.C-period:      \033<C-.>
           URxvt.keysym.C-0x60:        \033<C-`>
           URxvt.keysym.C-Tab:         \033<C-Tab>
           URxvt.keysym.C-Return:      \033<C-Return>
           URxvt.keysym.S-Return:      \033<S-Return>
           URxvt.keysym.S-space:       \033<S-Space>
           URxvt.keysym.M-Up:          \033<M-Up>
           URxvt.keysym.M-Down:        \033<M-Down>
           URxvt.keysym.M-Left:        \033<M-Left>
           URxvt.keysym.M-Right:       \033<M-Right>
           URxvt.keysym.M-C-0:         list \033<M-C- 0123456789 >
           URxvt.keysym.M-C-a:         list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz >
           URxvt.keysym.F12:           command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007

        See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource.

    I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How
    do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the
    following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize.
           KP_Insert == Insert
           F22 == Print
           F27 == Home
           F29 == Prior
           F33 == End
           F35 == Next

        Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various
        possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap
        the keys as required for your particular machine.

    How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm?
    I need this to decide about setting colors etc.
        rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you
        can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED,
        slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide
        whether or not to use color.

    How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable?
        If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled
        insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script
        snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of
        rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in
        these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to
        distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm.

        Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell
        script snippets:

           # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells:
           [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know
           if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then
              stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not
              echo -n '^[Z'
              read term_id
              stty icanon echo
              if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then
                 echo -n '^[[7n'        # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string
                 read DISPLAY           # set it in our local shell
              fi
           fi

    How do I compile the manual pages for myself?
        You need to have a recent version of perl installed as
        /usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html.
        Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc".

    My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human?
        Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net",
        channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might
        be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not
        FAQs :).

RXVT TECHNICAL REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION
    The rest of this document describes various technical aspects of
    rxvt-unicode. First the description of supported command sequences,
    followed by menu and pixmap support and last by a description of all
    features selectable at "configure" time.

Definitions
    "c" The literal character c.

    "C" A single (required) character.

    "Ps"
        A single (usually optional) numeric parameter, composed of one or
        more digits.

    "Pm"
        A multiple numeric parameter composed of any number of single
        numeric parameters, separated by ";" character(s).

    "Pt"
        A text parameter composed of printable characters.

Values
    "ENQ"
        Enquiry (Ctrl-E) = Send Device Attributes (DA) request attributes
        from terminal. See "ESC [ Ps c".

    "BEL"
        Bell (Ctrl-G)

    "BS"
        Backspace (Ctrl-H)

    "TAB"
        Horizontal Tab (HT) (Ctrl-I)

    "LF"
        Line Feed or New Line (NL) (Ctrl-J)

    "VT"
        Vertical Tab (Ctrl-K) same as "LF"

    "FF"
        Form Feed or New Page (NP) (Ctrl-L) same as "LF"

    "CR"
        Carriage Return (Ctrl-M)

    "SO"
        Shift Out (Ctrl-N), invokes the G1 character set. Switch to
        Alternate Character Set

    "SI"
        Shift In (Ctrl-O), invokes the G0 character set (the default).
        Switch to Standard Character Set

    "SPC"
        Space Character

Escape Sequences
    "ESC # 8"
        DEC Screen Alignment Test (DECALN)

    "ESC 7"
        Save Cursor (SC)

    "ESC 8"
        Restore Cursor

    "ESC ="
        Application Keypad (SMKX). See also next sequence.

    "ESC"
        Normal Keypad (RMKX)

        Note: If the numeric keypad is activated, eg, Num_Lock has been
        pressed, numbers or control functions are generated by the numeric
        keypad (see Key Codes).

    "ESC D"
        Index (IND)

    "ESC E"
        Next Line (NEL)

    "ESC H"
        Tab Set (HTS)

    "ESC M"
        Reverse Index (RI)

    "ESC N"
        Single Shift Select of G2 Character Set (SS2): affects next
        character only *unimplemented*

    "ESC O"
        Single Shift Select of G3 Character Set (SS3): affects next
        character only *unimplemented*

    "ESC Z"
        Obsolete form of returns: "ESC [ ? 1 ; 2 C" *rxvt-unicode
        compile-time option*

    "ESC c"
        Full reset (RIS)

    "ESC n"
        Invoke the G2 Character Set (LS2)

    "ESC o"
        Invoke the G3 Character Set (LS3)

    "ESC ( C"
        Designate G0 Character Set (ISO 2022), see below for values of "C".

    "ESC ) C"
        Designate G1 Character Set (ISO 2022), see below for values of "C".

    "ESC * C"
        Designate G2 Character Set (ISO 2022), see below for values of "C".

    "ESC + C"
        Designate G3 Character Set (ISO 2022), see below for values of "C".

    "ESC $ C"
        Designate Kanji Character Set

        Where "C" is one of:

           C = 0           DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set 
           C = A           United Kingdom (UK) 
           C = B           United States (USASCII) 
           C = <           Multinational character set unimplemented 
           C = 5           Finnish character set unimplemented 
           C = C           Finnish character set unimplemented 
           C = K           German character set unimplemented 


CSI (Command Sequence Introducer) Sequences
    "ESC [ Ps @"
        Insert "Ps" (Blank) Character(s) [default: 1] (ICH)

    "ESC [ Ps A"
        Cursor Up "Ps" Times [default: 1] (CUU)

    "ESC [ Ps B"
        Cursor Down "Ps" Times [default: 1] (CUD)

    "ESC [ Ps C"
        Cursor Forward "Ps" Times [default: 1] (CUF)

    "ESC [ Ps D"
        Cursor Backward "Ps" Times [default: 1] (CUB)

    "ESC [ Ps E"
        Cursor Down "Ps" Times [default: 1] and to first column

    "ESC [ Ps F"
        Cursor Up "Ps" Times [default: 1] and to first column

    "ESC [ Ps G"
        Cursor to Column "Ps" (HPA)

    "ESC [ Ps;Ps H"
        Cursor Position [row;column] [default: 1;1] (CUP)

    "ESC [ Ps I"
        Move forward "Ps" tab stops [default: 1]

    "ESC [ Ps J"
        Erase in Display (ED)

           Ps = 0          Clear Below (default) 
           Ps = 1          Clear Above     
           Ps = 2          Clear All       

    "ESC [ Ps K"
        Erase in Line (EL)

           Ps = 0          Clear to Right (default) 
           Ps = 1          Clear to Left   
           Ps = 2          Clear All       

    "ESC [ Ps L"
        Insert "Ps" Line(s) [default: 1] (IL)

    "ESC [ Ps M"
        Delete "Ps" Line(s) [default: 1] (DL)

    "ESC [ Ps P"
        Delete "Ps" Character(s) [default: 1] (DCH)

    "ESC [ Ps;Ps;Ps;Ps;Ps T"
        Initiate . *unimplemented* Parameters are
        [func;startx;starty;firstrow;lastrow].

    "ESC [ Ps W"
        Tabulator functions

           Ps = 0          Tab Set (HTS)   
           Ps = 2          Tab Clear (TBC), Clear Current Column (default) 
           Ps = 5          Tab Clear (TBC), Clear All 

    "ESC [ Ps X"
        Erase "Ps" Character(s) [default: 1] (ECH)

    "ESC [ Ps Z"
        Move backward "Ps" [default: 1] tab stops

    "ESC [ Ps '"
        See "ESC [ Ps G"

    "ESC [ Ps a"
        See "ESC [ Ps C"

    "ESC [ Ps c"
        Send Device Attributes (DA) "Ps = 0" (or omitted): request
        attributes from terminal returns: "ESC [ ? 1 ; 2 c" (``I am a VT100
        with Advanced Video Option'')

    "ESC [ Ps d"
        Cursor to Line "Ps" (VPA)

    "ESC [ Ps e"
        See "ESC [ Ps A"

    "ESC [ Ps;Ps f"
        Horizontal and Vertical Position [row;column] (HVP) [default: 1;1]

    "ESC [ Ps g"
        Tab Clear (TBC)

           Ps = 0          Clear Current Column (default) 
           Ps = 3          Clear All (TBC) 

    "ESC [ Pm h"
        Set Mode (SM). See "ESC [ Pm l" sequence for description of "Pm".

    "ESC [ Ps i"
        Printing. See also the "print-pipe" resource.

           Ps = 0          print screen (MC0) 
           Ps = 4          disable transparent print mode (MC4) 
           Ps = 5          enable transparent print mode (MC5) 

    "ESC [ Pm l"
        Reset Mode (RM)

        "Ps = 4"
               h               Insert Mode (SMIR) 
               l               Replace Mode (RMIR) 

        "Ps = 20" (partially implemented)
               h               Automatic Newline (LNM) 
               l               Normal Linefeed (LNM) 

    "ESC [ Pm m"
        Character Attributes (SGR)

           Ps = 0          Normal (default) 
           Ps = 1 / 21     On / Off Bold (bright fg) 
           Ps = 3 / 23     On / Off Italic 
           Ps = 4 / 24     On / Off Underline 
           Ps = 5 / 25     On / Off Slow Blink (bright bg) 
           Ps = 6 / 26     On / Off Rapid Blink (bright bg) 
           Ps = 7 / 27     On / Off Inverse 
           Ps = 8 / 27     On / Off Invisible (NYI) 
           Ps = 30 / 40    fg/bg Black     
           Ps = 31 / 41    fg/bg Red       
           Ps = 32 / 42    fg/bg Green     
           Ps = 33 / 43    fg/bg Yellow    
           Ps = 34 / 44    fg/bg Blue      
           Ps = 35 / 45    fg/bg Magenta   
           Ps = 36 / 46    fg/bg Cyan      
           Ps = 38;5 / 48;5 set fg/bg to color #m (ISO 8613-6) 
           Ps = 37 / 47    fg/bg White     
           Ps = 39 / 49    fg/bg Default   
           Ps = 90 / 100   fg/bg Bright Black 
           Ps = 91 / 101   fg/bg Bright Red 
           Ps = 92 / 102   fg/bg Bright Green 
           Ps = 93 / 103   fg/bg Bright Yellow 
           Ps = 94 / 104   fg/bg Bright Blue 
           Ps = 95 / 105   fg/bg Bright Magenta 
           Ps = 96 / 106   fg/bg Bright Cyan 
           Ps = 97 / 107   fg/bg Bright White 
           Ps = 99 / 109   fg/bg Bright Default 

    "ESC [ Ps n"
        Device Status Report (DSR)

           Ps = 5          Status Report ESC [ 0 n (``OK'') 
           Ps = 6          Report Cursor Position (CPR) [row;column] as ESC [ r ; c R 
           Ps = 7          Request Display Name 
           Ps = 8          Request Version Number (place in window title) 

    "ESC [ Ps;Ps r"
        Set Scrolling Region [top;bottom] [default: full size of window]
        (CSR)

    "ESC [ s"
        Save Cursor (SC)

    "ESC [ Ps;Pt t"
        Window Operations

           Ps = 1          Deiconify (map) window 
           Ps = 2          Iconify window  
           Ps = 3          ESC [ 3 ; X ; Y t Move window to (X|Y) 
           Ps = 4          ESC [ 4 ; H ; W t Resize to WxH pixels 
           Ps = 5          Raise window    
           Ps = 6          Lower window    
           Ps = 7          Refresh screen once 
           Ps = 8          ESC [ 8 ; R ; C t Resize to R rows and C columns 
           Ps = 11         Report window state (responds with Ps = 1 or Ps = 2) 
           Ps = 13         Report window position (responds with Ps = 3) 
           Ps = 14         Report window pixel size (responds with Ps = 4) 
           Ps = 18         Report window text size (responds with Ps = 7) 
           Ps = 19         Currently the same as Ps = 18, but responds with Ps = 9 
           Ps = 20         Reports icon label (ESC ] L NAME \234) 
           Ps = 21         Reports window title (ESC ] l NAME \234) 
           Ps = 24..       Set window height to Ps rows 

    "ESC [ u"
        Restore Cursor

    "ESC [ Ps x"
        Request Terminal Parameters (DECREQTPARM)


DEC Private Modes
    "ESC [ ? Pm h"
        DEC Private Mode Set (DECSET)

    "ESC [ ? Pm l"
        DEC Private Mode Reset (DECRST)

    "ESC [ ? Pm r"
        Restore previously saved DEC Private Mode Values.

    "ESC [ ? Pm s"
        Save DEC Private Mode Values.

    "ESC [ ? Pm t"
        Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension). *where*

        "Ps = 1" (DECCKM)
               h               Application Cursor Keys 
               l               Normal Cursor Keys 

        "Ps = 2" (ANSI/VT52 mode)
               h               Enter VT52 mode 
               l               Enter VT52 mode 

        "Ps = 3"
               h               132 Column Mode (DECCOLM) 
               l               80 Column Mode (DECCOLM) 

        "Ps = 4"
               h               Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM) 
               l               Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM) 

        "Ps = 5"
               h               Reverse Video (DECSCNM) 
               l               Normal Video (DECSCNM) 

        "Ps = 6"
               h               Origin Mode (DECOM) 
               l               Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM) 

        "Ps = 7"
               h               Wraparound Mode (DECAWM) 
               l               No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM) 

        "Ps = 8" *unimplemented*
               h               Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM) 
               l               No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM) 

        "Ps = 9" X10 XTerm
               h               Send Mouse X & Y on button press. 
               l               No mouse reporting. 

        "Ps = 10" (rxvt)
               h               menuBar visible 
               l               menuBar invisible 

        "Ps = 25"
               h               Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis} 
               l               Invisible cursor {civis} 

        "Ps = 30"
               h               scrollBar visisble 
               l               scrollBar invisisble 

        "Ps = 35" (rxvt)
               h               Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences 
               l               Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences 

        "Ps = 38" *unimplemented*
            Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)

        "Ps = 40"
               h               Allow 80/132 Mode 
               l               Disallow 80/132 Mode 

        "Ps = 44" *unimplemented*
               h               Turn On Margin Bell 
               l               Turn Off Margin Bell 

        "Ps = 45" *unimplemented*
               h               Reverse-wraparound Mode 
               l               No Reverse-wraparound Mode 

        "Ps = 46" *unimplemented*
        "Ps = 47"
               h               Use Alternate Screen Buffer 
               l               Use Normal Screen Buffer 


        "Ps = 66"
               h               Application Keypad (DECPAM) == ESC = 
               l               Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == ESC > 

        "Ps = 67"
               h               Backspace key sends BS (DECBKM) 
               l               Backspace key sends DEL 

        "Ps = 1000" (X11 XTerm)
               h               Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release. 
               l               No mouse reporting. 

        "Ps = 1001" (X11 XTerm) *unimplemented*
               h               Use Hilite Mouse Tracking. 
               l               No mouse reporting. 

        "Ps = 1010" (rxvt)
               h               Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output 
               l               Scroll to bottom on TTY output 

        "Ps = 1011" (rxvt)
               h               Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed 
               l               Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed 

        "Ps = 1047"
               h               Use Alternate Screen Buffer 
               l               Use Normal Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if returning from it 

        "Ps = 1048"
               h               Save cursor position 
               l               Restore cursor position 

        "Ps = 1049"
               h               Use Alternate Screen Buffer - clear Alternate Screen Buffer if switching to it 
               l               Use Normal Screen Buffer 


XTerm Operating System Commands
    "ESC ] Ps;Pt ST"
        Set XTerm Parameters. 8-bit ST: 0x9c, 7-bit ST sequence: ESC \
        (0x1b, 0x5c), backwards compatible terminator BEL (0x07) is also
        accepted. any octet can be escaped by prefixing it with SYN (0x16,
        ^V).

           Ps = 0          Change Icon Name and Window Title to Pt 
           Ps = 1          Change Icon Name to Pt 
           Ps = 2          Change Window Title to Pt 
           Ps = 3          If Pt starts with a ?, query the (STRING) property of the window and return it. If Pt contains a =, set the named property to the given value, else delete the specified property. 
           Ps = 4          Pt is a semi-colon separated sequence of one or more semi-colon separated number/name pairs, where number is an index to a colour and name is the name of a colour. Each pair causes the numbered colour to be changed to name. Numbers 0-7 corresponds to low-intensity (normal) colours and 8-15 corresponds to high-intensity colours. 0=black, 1=red, 2=green, 3=yellow, 4=blue, 5=magenta, 6=cyan, 7=white 
           Ps = 10         Change colour of text foreground to Pt (NB: may change in future) 
           Ps = 11         Change colour of text background to Pt (NB: may change in future) 
           Ps = 12         Change colour of text cursor foreground to Pt 
           Ps = 13         Change colour of mouse foreground to Pt 
           Ps = 17         Change colour of highlight characters to Pt 
           Ps = 18         Change colour of bold characters to Pt 
           Ps = 19         Change colour of underlined characters to Pt 
           Ps = 20         Change default background to Pt 
           Ps = 39         Change default foreground colour to Pt. 
           Ps = 46         Change Log File to Pt unimplemented 
           Ps = 49         Change default background colour to Pt. 
           Ps = 50         Set fontset to Pt, with the following special values of Pt (rxvt) #+n change up n #-n change down n if n is missing of 0, a value of 1 is used empty change to font0 n change to font n 
           Ps = 55         Log all scrollback buffer and all of screen to Pt 
           Ps = 701        Change current locale to Pt, or, if Pt is ?, return the current locale (Compile frills). 
           Ps = 703        Menubar command Pt (Compile menubar). 
           Ps = 704        Change colour of italic characters to Pt 
           Ps = 705        Change background pixmap tint colour to Pt (Compile transparency). 
           Ps = 710        Set normal fontset to Pt. Same as Ps = 50. 
           Ps = 711        Set bold fontset to Pt. Similar to Ps = 50 (Compile styles). 
           Ps = 712        Set italic fontset to Pt. Similar to Ps = 50 (Compile styles). 
           Ps = 713        Set bold-italic fontset to Pt. Similar to Ps = 50 (Compile styles). 
           Ps = 720        Move viewing window up by Pt lines, or clear scrollback buffer if Pt = 0 (Compile frills). 
           Ps = 721        Move viewing window down by Pt lines, or clear scrollback buffer if Pt = 0 (Compile frills). 


menuBar
    The exact syntax used is *almost* solidified. In the menus, DON'T try to
    use menuBar commands that add or remove a menuBar.

    Note that in all of the commands, the */path/* *cannot* be omitted: use
    ./ to specify a menu relative to the current menu.

  Overview of menuBar operation
    For the menuBar XTerm escape sequence "ESC ] 703 ; Pt ST", the syntax of
    "Pt" can be used for a variety of tasks:

    At the top level is the current menuBar which is a member of a circular
    linked-list of other such menuBars.

    The menuBar acts as a parent for the various drop-down menus, which in
    turn, may have labels, separator lines, menuItems and subMenus.

    The menuItems are the useful bits: you can use them to mimic keyboard
    input or even to send text or escape sequences back to rxvt.

    The menuBar syntax is intended to provide a simple yet robust method of
    constructing and manipulating menus and navigating through the menuBars.

    The first step is to use the tag [menu:*name*] which creates the menuBar
    called *name* and allows access. You may now or menus, subMenus, and
    menuItems. Finally, use the tag [done] to set the menuBar access as
    readonly to prevent accidental corruption of the menus. To re-access the
    current menuBar for alterations, use the tag [menu], make the
    alterations and then use [done]


  Commands
    [menu:+*name*]
        access the named menuBar for creation or alteration. If a new
        menuBar is created, it is called *name* (max of 15 chars) and the
        current menuBar is pushed onto the stack

    [menu]
        access the current menuBar for alteration

    [title:+*string*]
        set the current menuBar's title to *string*, which may contain the
        following format specifiers:

           B<%n>  rxvt name (as per the B<-name> command-line option)
           B<%v>  rxvt version
           B<%%>  literal B<%> character

    [done]
        set menuBar access as readonly. End-of-file tag for [read:+*file*]
        operations.

    [read:+*file*]
        read menu commands directly from *file* (extension ".menu" will be
        appended if required.) Start reading at a line with [menu] or
        [menu:+*name* and continuing until [done] is encountered.

        Blank and comment lines (starting with #) are ignored. Actually,
        since any invalid menu commands are also ignored, almost anything
        could be construed as a comment line, but this may be tightened up
        in the future ... so don't count on it!.

    [read:+*file*;+*name*]
        The same as [read:+*file*], but start reading at a line with
        [menu:+*name*] and continuing until [done:+*name*] or [done] is
        encountered.

    [dump]
        dump all menuBars to the file /tmp/rxvt-PID in a format suitable for
        later rereading.

    [rm:name]
        remove the named menuBar

    [rm] [rm:]
        remove the current menuBar

    [rm*] [rm:*]
        remove all menuBars

    [swap]
        swap the top two menuBars

    [prev]
        access the previous menuBar

    [next]
        access the next menuBar

    [show]
        Enable display of the menuBar

    [hide]
        Disable display of the menuBar

    [pixmap:+*name*]
    [pixmap:+*name*;*scaling*]
        (set the background pixmap globally

        A Future implementation *may* make this local to the menubar)

    [:+*command*:]
        ignore the menu readonly status and issue a *command* to or a menu
        or menuitem or change the ; a useful shortcut for setting the quick
        arrows from a menuBar.


  Adding and accessing menus
    The following commands may also be + prefixed.

    /+  access menuBar top level

    ./+ access current menu level

    ../+
        access parent menu (1 level up)

    ../../
        access parent menu (multiple levels up)

    */path/*menu
        add/access menu

    */path/*menu/*
        add/access menu and clear it if it exists

    */path/*{-}
        add separator

    */path/*{item}
        add item as a label

    */path/*{item} action
        add/alter *menuitem* with an associated *action*

    */path/*{item}{right-text}
        add/alter *menuitem* with right-text as the right-justified text and
        as the associated *action*

    */path/*{item}{rtext} action
        add/alter *menuitem* with an associated *action* and with rtext as
        the right-justified text.

    Special characters in *action* must be backslash-escaped:
        \a \b \E \e \n \r \t \octal

    or in control-character notation:
        ^@, ^A .. ^Z .. ^_, ^?

    To send a string starting with a NUL (^@) character to the program,
    start *action* with a pair of NUL characters (^@^@), the first of which
    will be stripped off and the balance directed to the program. Otherwise
    if *action* begins with NUL followed by non-+NUL characters, the leading
    NUL is stripped off and the balance is sent back to rxvt.

    As a convenience for the many Emacs-type editors, *action* may start
    with M- (eg, M-$ is equivalent to \E$) and a CR will be appended if
    missed from M-x commands.

    As a convenience for issuing XTerm ESC ] sequences from a menubar (or
    quick arrow), a BEL (^G) will be appended if needed.

    For example,
        M-xapropos is equivalent to \Exapropos\r

    and \E]703;mona;100 is equivalent to \E]703;mona;100\a

    The option {*right-rtext*} will be right-justified. In the absence of a
    specified action, this text will be used as the *action* as well.

    For example,
        /File/{Open}{^X^F} is equivalent to /File/{Open}{^X^F} ^X^F

    The left label *is* necessary, since it's used for matching, but
    implicitly hiding the left label (by using same name for both left and
    right labels), or explicitly hiding the left label (by preceeding it
    with a dot), makes it possible to have right-justified text only.

    For example,
        /File/{Open}{Open} Open-File-Action

    or hiding it
        /File/{.anylabel}{Open} Open-File-Action


  Removing menus
    -/*+
        remove all menus from the menuBar, the same as [clear]

    -+*/path*menu+
        remove menu

    -+*/path*{item}+
        remove item

    -+*/path*{-}
        remove separator)

    -/path/menu/*
        remove all items, separators and submenus from menu


  Quick Arrows
    The menus also provide a hook for *quick arrows* to provide easier user
    access. If nothing has been explicitly set, the default is to emulate
    the curror keys. The syntax permits each arrow to be altered
    individually or all four at once without re-entering their common
    beginning/end text. For example, to explicitly associate cursor actions
    with the arrows, any of the following forms could be used:

    <r>+*Right*
    <l>+*Left*
    <u>+*Up*
    <d>+*Down*
        Define actions for the respective arrow buttons

    <b>+*Begin*
    <e>+*End*
        Define common beginning/end parts for *quick arrows* which used in
        conjunction with the above <r> <l> <u> <d> constructs

    For example, define arrows individually,
         <u>\E[A

         <d>\E[B

         <r>\E[C

         <l>\E[D

    or all at once
         <u>\E[AZ<><d>\E[BZ<><r>\E[CZ<><l>\E[D

    or more compactly (factoring out common parts)
         <b>\E[<u>AZ<><d>BZ<><r>CZ<><l>D


  Command Summary
    A short summary of the most *common* commands:

    [menu:name]
        use an existing named menuBar or start a new one

    [menu]
        use the current menuBar

    [title:string]
        set menuBar title

    [done]
        set menu access to readonly and, if reading from a file, signal EOF

    [done:name]
        if reading from a file using [read:file;name] signal EOF

    [rm:name]
        remove named menuBar(s)

    [rm] [rm:]
        remove current menuBar

    [rm*] [rm:*]
        remove all menuBar(s)

    [swap]
        swap top two menuBars

    [prev]
        access the previous menuBar

    [next]
        access the next menuBar

    [show]
        map menuBar

    [hide]
        unmap menuBar

    [pixmap;file]
    [pixmap;file;scaling]
        set a background pixmap

    [read:file]
    [read:file;name]
        read in a menu from a file

    [dump]
        dump out all menuBars to /tmp/rxvt-PID

    /   access menuBar top level

    ./
    ../
    ../../
        access current or parent menu level

    /path/menu
        add/access menu

    /path/{-}
        add separator

    /path/{item}{rtext} action
        add/alter menu item

    -/* remove all menus from the menuBar

    -/path/menu
        remove menu items, separators and submenus from menu

    -/path/menu
        remove menu

    -/path/{item}
        remove item

    -/path/{-}
        remove separator

    <b>Begin<r>Right<l>Left<u>Up<d>Down<e>End
        menu quick arrows

XPM
    For the XPM XTerm escape sequence "ESC ] 20 ; Pt ST" then value of "Pt"
    can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a sequence of
    scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The
    scaling/positioning commands are as follows:

    query scale/position
        ?

    change scale and position
        WxH+X+Y

        WxH+X (== WxH+X+X)

        WxH (same as WxH+50+50)

        W+X+Y (same as WxW+X+Y)

        W+X (same as WxW+X+X)

        W (same as WxW+50+50)

    change position (absolute)
        =+X+Y

        =+X (same as =+X+Y)

    change position (relative)
        +X+Y

        +X (same as +X+Y)

    rescale (relative)
        Wx0 -> W *= (W/100)

        0xH -> H *= (H/100)

    For example:

    \E]20;funky\a
        load funky.xpm as a tiled image

    \E]20;mona;100\a
        load mona.xpm with a scaling of 100%

    \E]20;;200;?\a
        rescale the current pixmap to 200% and display the image geometry in
        the title

Mouse Reporting
    "ESC [ M <b> <x> <y>"
        report mouse position

    The lower 2 bits of "<b>" indicate the button:

    Button = "(<b> - SPACE) & 3"
           0               Button1 pressed 
           1               Button2 pressed 
           2               Button3 pressed 
           3               button released (X11 mouse report) 

    The upper bits of "<b>" indicate the modifiers when the button was
    pressed and are added together (X11 mouse report only):

    State = "(<b> - SPACE) & 60"
           4               Shift           
           8               Meta            
           16              Control         
           32              Double Click (Rxvt extension) 

        Col = "<x> - SPACE"

        Row = "<y> - SPACE"

Key Codes
    Note: Shift + F1-F10 generates F11-F20

    For the keypad, use Shift to temporarily override Application-Keypad
    setting use Num_Lock to toggle Application-Keypad setting if Num_Lock is
    off, toggle Application-Keypad setting. Also note that values of Home,
    End, Delete may have been compiled differently on your system.

                       Normal          Shift           Control         Ctrl+Shift      
       Tab             ^I              ESC [ Z         ^I              ESC [ Z         
       BackSpace       ^H              ^?              ^?              ^?              
       Find            ESC [ 1 ~       ESC [ 1 $       ESC [ 1 ^       ESC [ 1 @       
       Insert          ESC [ 2 ~       paste           ESC [ 2 ^       ESC [ 2 @       
       Execute         ESC [ 3 ~       ESC [ 3 $       ESC [ 3 ^       ESC [ 3 @       
       Select          ESC [ 4 ~       ESC [ 4 $       ESC [ 4 ^       ESC [ 4 @       
       Prior           ESC [ 5 ~       scroll-up       ESC [ 5 ^       ESC [ 5 @       
       Next            ESC [ 6 ~       scroll-down     ESC [ 6 ^       ESC [ 6 @       
       Home            ESC [ 7 ~       ESC [ 7 $       ESC [ 7 ^       ESC [ 7 @       
       End             ESC [ 8 ~       ESC [ 8 $       ESC [ 8 ^       ESC [ 8 @       
       Delete          ESC [ 3 ~       ESC [ 3 $       ESC [ 3 ^       ESC [ 3 @       
       F1              ESC [ 11 ~      ESC [ 23 ~      ESC [ 11 ^      ESC [ 23 ^      
       F2              ESC [ 12 ~      ESC [ 24 ~      ESC [ 12 ^      ESC [ 24 ^      
       F3              ESC [ 13 ~      ESC [ 25 ~      ESC [ 13 ^      ESC [ 25 ^      
       F4              ESC [ 14 ~      ESC [ 26 ~      ESC [ 14 ^      ESC [ 26 ^      
       F5              ESC [ 15 ~      ESC [ 28 ~      ESC [ 15 ^      ESC [ 28 ^      
       F6              ESC [ 17 ~      ESC [ 29 ~      ESC [ 17 ^      ESC [ 29 ^      
       F7              ESC [ 18 ~      ESC [ 31 ~      ESC [ 18 ^      ESC [ 31 ^      
       F8              ESC [ 19 ~      ESC [ 32 ~      ESC [ 19 ^      ESC [ 32 ^      
       F9              ESC [ 20 ~      ESC [ 33 ~      ESC [ 20 ^      ESC [ 33 ^      
       F10             ESC [ 21 ~      ESC [ 34 ~      ESC [ 21 ^      ESC [ 34 ^      
       F11             ESC [ 23 ~      ESC [ 23 $      ESC [ 23 ^      ESC [ 23 @      
       F12             ESC [ 24 ~      ESC [ 24 $      ESC [ 24 ^      ESC [ 24 @      
       F13             ESC [ 25 ~      ESC [ 25 $      ESC [ 25 ^      ESC [ 25 @      
       F14             ESC [ 26 ~      ESC [ 26 $      ESC [ 26 ^      ESC [ 26 @      
       F15 (Help)      ESC [ 28 ~      ESC [ 28 $      ESC [ 28 ^      ESC [ 28 @      
       F16 (Menu)      ESC [ 29 ~      ESC [ 29 $      ESC [ 29 ^      ESC [ 29 @      
       F17             ESC [ 31 ~      ESC [ 31 $      ESC [ 31 ^      ESC [ 31 @      
       F18             ESC [ 32 ~      ESC [ 32 $      ESC [ 32 ^      ESC [ 32 @      
       F19             ESC [ 33 ~      ESC [ 33 $      ESC [ 33 ^      ESC [ 33 @      
       F20             ESC [ 34 ~      ESC [ 34 $      ESC [ 34 ^      ESC [ 34 @      
                                                                       Application     
       Up              ESC [ A         ESC [ a         ESC O a         ESC O A         
       Down            ESC [ B         ESC [ b         ESC O b         ESC O B         
       Right           ESC [ C         ESC [ c         ESC O c         ESC O C         
       Left            ESC [ D         ESC [ d         ESC O d         ESC O D         
       KP_Enter        ^M                                              ESC O M         
       KP_F1           ESC O P                                         ESC O P         
       KP_F2           ESC O Q                                         ESC O Q         
       KP_F3           ESC O R                                         ESC O R         
       KP_F4           ESC O S                                         ESC O S         
       XK_KP_Multiply  *                                               ESC O j         
       XK_KP_Add       +                                               ESC O k         
       XK_KP_Separator ,                                               ESC O l         
       XK_KP_Subtract  -                                               ESC O m         
       XK_KP_Decimal   .                                               ESC O n         
       XK_KP_Divide    /                                               ESC O o         
       XK_KP_0         0                                               ESC O p         
       XK_KP_1         1                                               ESC O q         
       XK_KP_2         2                                               ESC O r         
       XK_KP_3         3                                               ESC O s         
       XK_KP_4         4                                               ESC O t         
       XK_KP_5         5                                               ESC O u         
       XK_KP_6         6                                               ESC O v         
       XK_KP_7         7                                               ESC O w         
       XK_KP_8         8                                               ESC O x         
       XK_KP_9         9                                               ESC O y         

CONFIGURE OPTIONS
    General hint: if you get compile errors, then likely your configuration
    hasn't been tested well. Either try with --enable-everything or use the
    ./reconf script as a base for experiments. ./reconf is used by myself,
    so it should generally be a working config. Of course, you should always
    report when a combination doesn't work, so it can be fixed. Marc Lehmann
    <rxvt@schmorp.de>.

    --enable-everything
        Add support for all non-multichoice options listed in "./configure
        --help". Note that unlike other enable options this is order
        dependant. You can specify this and then disable options which this
        enables by *following* this with the appropriate commands.

    --enable-xft
        Add support for Xft (anti-aliases, among others) fonts. Xft fonts
        are slower and require lots of memory, but as long as you don't use
        them, you don't pay for them.

    --enable-font-styles
        Add support for bold, *italic* and *bold italic* font styles. The
        fonts can be set manually or automatically.

    --with-codesets=NAME,...
        Compile in support for additional codeset (encoding) groups ("eu",
        "vn" are always compiled in, which includes most 8-bit character
        sets). These codeset tables are used for driving X11 core fonts,
        they are not required for Xft fonts, although having them compiled
        in lets rxvt-unicode choose replacement fonts more intelligently.
        Compiling them in will make your binary bigger (all of together cost
        about 700kB), but it doesn't increase memory usage unless you use a
        font requiring one of these encodings.

           all             all available codeset groups 
           zh              common chinese encodings 
           zh_ext          rarely used but very big chinese encodigs 
           jp              common japanese encodings 
           jp_ext          rarely used but big japanese encodings 
           kr              korean encodings 

    --enable-xim
        Add support for XIM (X Input Method) protocol. This allows using
        alternative input methods (e.g. kinput2) and will also correctly set
        up the input for people using dead keys or compose keys.

    --enable-unicode3
        Enable direct support for displaying unicode codepoints above 65535
        (the basic multilingual page). This increases storage requirements
        per character from 2 to 4 bytes. X11 fonts do not yet support these
        extra characters, but Xft does.

        Please note that rxvt-unicode can store unicode code points >65535
        even without this flag, but the number of such characters is limited
        to a view thousand (shared with combining characters, see next
        switch), and right now rxvt-unicode cannot display them
        (input/output and cut&paste still work, though).

    --enable-combining
        Enable automatic composition of combining characters into composite
        characters. This is required for proper viewing of text where
        accents are encoded as seperate unicode characters. This is done by
        using precomposited characters when available or creating new
        pseudo-characters when no precomposed form exists.

        Without --enable-unicode3, the number of additional precomposed
        characters is rather limited (2048, if this is full, rxvt-unicode
        will use the private use area, extending the number of combinations
        to 8448). With --enable-unicode3, no practical limit exists.

        This option will also enable storage (but not display) of characters
        beyond plane 0 (>65535) when --enable-unicode3 was not specified.

        The combining table also contains entries for arabic presentation
        forms, but these are not currently used. Bug me if you want these to
        be used (and tell me how these are to be used...).

    --enable-fallback(=CLASS)
        When reading resource settings, also read settings for class CLASS
        (default: Rxvt). To disable resource fallback use
        --disable-fallback.

    --with-res-name=NAME
        Use the given name (default: urxvt) as default application name when
        reading resources. Specify --with-res-name=rxvt to replace rxvt.

    --with-res-class=CLASS
        Use the given class (default: URxvt) as default application class
        when reading resources. Specify --with-res-class=Rxvt to replace
        rxvt.

    --enable-utmp
        Write user and tty to utmp file (used by programs like w) at start
        of rxvt execution and delete information when rxvt exits.

    --enable-wtmp
        Write user and tty to wtmp file (used by programs like last) at
        start of rxvt execution and write logout when rxvt exits. This
        option requires --enable-utmp to also be specified.

    --enable-lastlog
        Write user and tty to lastlog file (used by programs like lastlogin)
        at start of rxvt execution. This option requires --enable-utmp to
        also be specified.

    --enable-xpm-background
        Add support for XPM background pixmaps.

    --enable-transparency
        Add support for inheriting parent backgrounds thus giving a fake
        transparency to the term.

    --enable-fading
        Add support for fading the text when focus is lost.

    --enable-tinting
        Add support for tinting of transparent backgrounds.

    --enable-menubar
        Add support for our menu bar system (this interacts badly with
        dynamic locale switching currently).

    --enable-rxvt-scroll
        Add support for the original rxvt scrollbar.

    --enable-next-scroll
        Add support for a NeXT-like scrollbar.

    --enable-xterm-scroll
        Add support for an Xterm-like scrollbar.

    --enable-plain-scroll
        Add support for a very unobtrusive, plain-looking scrollbar that is
        the favourite of the rxvt-unicode author, having used it for many
        years.

    --enable-half-shadow
        Make shadows on the scrollbar only half the normal width & height.
        only applicable to rxvt scrollbars.

    --enable-ttygid
        Change tty device setting to group "tty" - only use this if your
        system uses this type of security.

    --disable-backspace-key
        Disable any handling of the backspace key by us - let the X server
        do it.

    --disable-delete-key
        Disable any handling of the delete key by us - let the X server do
        it.

    --disable-resources
        Remove all resources checking.

    --enable-xgetdefault
        Make resources checking via XGetDefault() instead of our small
        version which only checks ~/.Xdefaults, or if that doesn't exist
        then ~/.Xresources.

        Please note that nowadays, things like XIM will automatically pull
        in and use the full X resource manager, so the overhead of using it
        might be very small, if nonexistant.

    --enable-strings
        Add support for our possibly faster memset() function and other
        various routines, overriding your system's versions which may have
        been hand-crafted in assembly or may require extra libraries to link
        in. (this breaks ANSI-C rules and has problems on many GNU/Linux
        systems).

    --disable-swapscreen
        Remove support for swap screen.

    --enable-frills
        Add support for many small features that are not essential but nice
        to have. Normally you want this, but for very small binaries you may
        want to disable this.

        A non-exhaustive list of features enabled by "--enable-frills"
        (possibly in combination with other switches) is:

          MWM-hints
          EWMH-hints (pid, utf8 names) and protocols (ping)
          seperate underline colour
          settable border widths and borderless switch
          settable extra linespacing
          iso-14755-2 and -3, and visual feedback
          backindex and forwardindex escape sequence
          window op and some xterm/OSC escape sequences
          tripleclickwords
          settable insecure mode
          keysym remapping support
          cursor blinking and underline cursor
          -embed and -pty-fd options

    --enable-iso14755
        Enable extended ISO 14755 support (see rxvt(1), or doc/rxvt.1.txt).
        Basic support (section 5.1) is enabled by "--enable-frills", while
        support for 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 is enabled with this switch.

    --enable-keepscrolling
        Add support for continual scrolling of the display when you hold the
        mouse button down on a scrollbar arrow.

    --enable-mousewheel
        Add support for scrolling via mouse wheel or buttons 4 & 5.

    --enable-slipwheeling
        Add support for continual scrolling (using the mouse wheel as an
        accelerator) while the control key is held down. This option
        requires --enable-mousewheel to also be specified.

    --disable-new-selection
        Remove support for mouse selection style like that of xterm.

    --enable-dmalloc
        Use Gray Watson's malloc - which is good for debugging See
        http://www.letters.com/dmalloc/ for details If you use either this
        or the next option, you may need to edit src/Makefile after
        compiling to point DINCLUDE and DLIB to the right places.

        You can only use either this option and the following (should you
        use either) .

    --enable-dlmalloc
        Use Doug Lea's malloc - which is good for a production version See
        <http://g.oswego.edu/dl/html/malloc.html> for details.

    --enable-smart-resize
        Add smart growth/shrink behaviour when changing font size via from
        hot keys. This should keep in a fixed position the rxvt corner which
        is closest to a corner of the screen.

    --enable-pointer-blank
        Add support to have the pointer disappear when typing or inactive.

    --with-name=NAME
        Set the basename for the installed binaries (default: "urxvt",
        resulting in "urxvt", "urxvtd" etc.). Specify "--with-name=rxvt" to
        replace with "rxvt".

    --with-term=NAME
        Change the environmental variable for the terminal to NAME (default
        "rxvt-unicode")

    --with-terminfo=PATH
        Change the environmental variable for the path to the terminfo tree
        to PATH.

    --with-x
        Use the X Window System (pretty much default, eh?).

    --with-xpm-includes=DIR
        Look for the XPM includes in DIR.

    --with-xpm-library=DIR
        Look for the XPM library in DIR.

    --with-xpm
        Not needed - define via --enable-xpm-background.

AUTHORS
    Marc Lehmann <rxvt@schmorp.de> converted this document to pod and
    reworked it from the original Rxvt documentation, which was done by
    Geoff Wing <gcw@pobox.com>, who in turn used the XTerm documentation and
    other sources.

Revision:	1.22
Committed:	Wed Jul 13 03:08:57 2005 UTC (18 years, 11 months ago) by root
Content type:	text/plain
Branch:	MAIN
CVS Tags:	rel-5_7
Changes since 1.21:	+2 -8 lines
Log Message:	* empty log message *