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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
3 <head>
4 <title>rxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter</title>
5 <link rev="made" href="mailto:perl-binary@plan9.de" />
6 </head>
7
8 <body style="background-color: white">
9
10 <p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
11 <!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
12
13 <ul>
14
15 <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
16 <li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
17 <li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
18 <li><a href="#prepackaged_extensions">PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS</a></li>
19 <li><a href="#api_documentation">API DOCUMENTATION</a></li>
20 <ul>
21
22 <li><a href="#general_api_considerations">General API Considerations</a></li>
23 <li><a href="#extension_objects">Extension Objects</a></li>
24 <li><a href="#hooks">Hooks</a></li>
25 <li><a href="#variables_in_the_urxvt_package">Variables in the <code>urxvt</code> Package</a></li>
26 <li><a href="#functions_in_the_urxvt_package">Functions in the <code>urxvt</code> Package</a></li>
27 <li><a href="#rendition">RENDITION</a></li>
28 <li><a href="#the_urxvt__anyevent_class">The <code>urxvt::anyevent</code> Class</a></li>
29 <li><a href="#the_urxvt__term_class">The <code>urxvt::term</code> Class</a></li>
30 <li><a href="#the_urxvt__popup_class">The <code>urxvt::popup</code> Class</a></li>
31 <li><a href="#the_urxvt__timer_class">The <code>urxvt::timer</code> Class</a></li>
32 <li><a href="#the_urxvt__iow_class">The <code>urxvt::iow</code> Class</a></li>
33 </ul>
34
35 <li><a href="#environment">ENVIRONMENT</a></li>
36 <ul>
37
38 <li><a href="#urxvt_perl_verbosity">URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY</a></li>
39 </ul>
40
41 <li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
42 </ul>
43 <!-- INDEX END -->
44
45 <hr />
46 <p>
47 </p>
48 <hr />
49 <h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
50 <p>rxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter</p>
51 <p>
52 </p>
53 <hr />
54 <h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
55 <pre>
56 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:</pre>
57 <pre>
58 sub on_sel_grab {
59 warn &quot;you selected &quot;, $_[0]-&gt;selection;
60 ()
61 }</pre>
62 <pre>
63 # start a rxvt using it:</pre>
64 <pre>
65 rxvt --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test</pre>
66 <p>
67 </p>
68 <hr />
69 <h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
70 <p>Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
71 the <code>perl</code> resource are loaded and associated with it.</p>
72 <p>Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
73 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.</p>
74 <p>Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in rxvtd, where
75 scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.</p>
76 <p>
77 </p>
78 <hr />
79 <h1><a name="prepackaged_extensions">PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS</a></h1>
80 <p>This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
81 find them in <em>/opt/rxvt/lib/urxvt/perl/</em>.</p>
82 <p>You can activate them like this:</p>
83 <pre>
84 rxvt -pe &lt;extensionname&gt;</pre>
85 <dl>
86 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection">selection (enabled by default)</a></strong><br />
87 </dt>
88 <dd>
89 (More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
90 when the user extends selections (double-click and further clicks). Right
91 now, it tries to select words, urls and complete shell-quoted
92 arguments, which is very convenient, too, if your <em>ls</em> supports
93 <code>--quoting-style=shell</code>.
94 </dd>
95 <dd>
96 <p>A double-click usually selects the word under the cursor, further clicks
97 will enlarge the selection.</p>
98 </dd>
99 <dd>
100 <p>The selection works by trying to match a number of regexes and displaying
101 them in increasing order of length. You can add your own regexes by
102 specifying resources of the form:</p>
103 </dd>
104 <dd>
105 <pre>
106 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: perl-regex
107 URxvt.selection.pattern-1: perl-regex
108 ...</pre>
109 </dd>
110 <dd>
111 <p>The index number (0, 1...) must not have any holes, and each regex must
112 contain at least one pair of capturing parentheses, which will be used for
113 the match. For example, the followign adds a regex that matches everything
114 between two vertical bars:</p>
115 </dd>
116 <dd>
117 <pre>
118 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: \\|([^|]+)\\|</pre>
119 </dd>
120 <dd>
121 <p>You can look at the source of the selection extension to see more
122 interesting uses, such as parsing a line from beginning to end.</p>
123 </dd>
124 <dd>
125 <p>This extension also offers the following bindable keyboard command:</p>
126 </dd>
127 <dl>
128 <dt><strong><a name="item_rot13">rot13</a></strong><br />
129 </dt>
130 <dd>
131 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
132 </dd>
133 <dd>
134 <pre>
135 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13</pre>
136 </dd>
137 <p></p></dl>
138 <dt><strong><a name="item_popup">option-popup (enabled by default)</a></strong><br />
139 </dt>
140 <dd>
141 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
142 runtime.
143 </dd>
144 <p></p>
145 <dt><strong>selection-popup (enabled by default)</strong><br />
146 </dt>
147 <dd>
148 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
149 text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
150 evalution, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
151 </dd>
152 <p></p>
153 <dt><strong><a name="item_searchable_2dscrollback_3chotkey_3e__28enabled_by_">searchable-scrollback&lt;hotkey&gt; (enabled by default)</a></strong><br />
154 </dt>
155 <dd>
156 Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
157 by a hotkey (default: <code>M-s</code>). While in search mode, normal terminal
158 input/output is suspended and a regex is displayed at the bottom of the
159 screen.
160 </dd>
161 <dd>
162 <p>Inputting characters appends them to the regex and continues incremental
163 search. <code>BackSpace</code> removes a character from the regex, <code>Up</code> and <code>Down</code>
164 search upwards/downwards in the scrollback buffer, <code>End</code> jumps to the
165 bottom. <code>Escape</code> leaves search mode and returns to the point where search
166 was started, while <code>Enter</code> or <code>Return</code> stay at the current position and
167 additionally stores the first match in the current line into the primary
168 selection.</p>
169 </dd>
170 <p></p>
171 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_2dautotransform">selection-autotransform</a></strong><br />
172 </dt>
173 <dd>
174 This selection allows you to do automatic transforms on a selection
175 whenever a selection is made.
176 </dd>
177 <dd>
178 <p>It works by specifying perl snippets (most useful is a single <code>s///</code>
179 operator) that modify <code>$_</code> as resources:</p>
180 </dd>
181 <dd>
182 <pre>
183 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: transform
184 URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: transform
185 ...</pre>
186 </dd>
187 <dd>
188 <p>For example, the following will transform selections of the form
189 <code>filename:number</code>, often seen in compiler messages, into <code>vi +$filename
190 $word</code>:</p>
191 </dd>
192 <dd>
193 <pre>
194 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(\\S+):(\\d+):?$/vi +$2 \\Q$1\\E\\x0d/</pre>
195 </dd>
196 <dd>
197 <p>And this example matches the same,but replaces it with vi-commands you can
198 paste directly into your (vi :) editor:</p>
199 </dd>
200 <dd>
201 <pre>
202 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(S+):(d+):?$/\\x1b:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/</pre>
203 </dd>
204 <dd>
205 <p>Of course, this can be modified to suit your needs and your editor :)</p>
206 </dd>
207 <dd>
208 <p>To expand the example above to typical perl error messages (``XXX at
209 FILENAME line YYY.''), you need a slightly more elaborate solution:</p>
210 </dd>
211 <dd>
212 <pre>
213 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+\\.)
214 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)\\.$/\x1b:e \\Q$1\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/</pre>
215 </dd>
216 <dd>
217 <p>The first line tells the selection code to treat the unchanging part of
218 every error message as a selection pattern, and the second line transforms
219 the message into vi commands to load the file.</p>
220 </dd>
221 <p></p>
222 <dt><strong><a name="item_mark_2durls">mark-urls</a></strong><br />
223 </dt>
224 <dd>
225 Uses per-line display filtering (<code>on_line_update</code>) to underline urls and
226 make them clickable. When middle-clicked, the program specified in the
227 resource <code>urlLauncher</code> (default <code>x-www-browser</code>) will be started with
228 the URL as first argument.
229 </dd>
230 <p></p>
231 <dt><strong><a name="item_block_2dgraphics_2dto_2dascii">block-graphics-to-ascii</a></strong><br />
232 </dt>
233 <dd>
234 A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
235 by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
236 similar-looking ascii character.
237 </dd>
238 <p></p>
239 <dt><strong><a name="item_digital_2dclock">digital-clock</a></strong><br />
240 </dt>
241 <dd>
242 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
243 </dd>
244 <p></p>
245 <dt><strong><a name="item_example_2drefresh_2dhooks">example-refresh-hooks</a></strong><br />
246 </dt>
247 <dd>
248 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
249 window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
250 overlays or changes.
251 </dd>
252 <p></p></dl>
253 <p>
254 </p>
255 <hr />
256 <h1><a name="api_documentation">API DOCUMENTATION</a></h1>
257 <p>
258 </p>
259 <h2><a name="general_api_considerations">General API Considerations</a></h2>
260 <p>All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
261 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
262 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as <code>_ptr</code> or
263 <code>_hook</code>) are reserved for internal uses and <strong>MUST NOT</strong> be accessed or
264 modified).</p>
265 <p>When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
266 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
267 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
268 terminal is destroyed.</p>
269 <p>Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
270 hints on what they mean:</p>
271 <dl>
272 <dt><strong><a name="item__24text">$text</a></strong><br />
273 </dt>
274 <dd>
275 Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one ``unicode'' character
276 always represents one screen cell. See <a href="#item_row_t">ROW_t</a> for a discussion of this format.
277 </dd>
278 <p></p>
279 <dt><strong><a name="item__24string">$string</a></strong><br />
280 </dt>
281 <dd>
282 A perl text string, with an emphasis on <em>text</em>. It can store all unicode
283 characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
284 encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
285 </dd>
286 <p></p>
287 <dt><strong><a name="item__24octets">$octets</a></strong><br />
288 </dt>
289 <dd>
290 Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
291 locale-specific way.
292 </dd>
293 <p></p></dl>
294 <p>
295 </p>
296 <h2><a name="extension_objects">Extension Objects</a></h2>
297 <p>Very perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
298 for each terminal and each extension and passed as the first parameter to
299 hooks. So extensions can use their <code>$self</code> object without having to think
300 about other extensions, with the exception of methods and members that
301 begin with an underscore character <code>_</code>: these are reserved for internal
302 use.</p>
303 <p>Although it isn't a <code>urxvt::term</code> object, you can call all methods of the
304 <code>urxvt::term</code> class on this object.</p>
305 <p>It has the following methods and data members:</p>
306 <dl>
307 <dt><strong><a name="item__24urxvt_term__3d__24self_2d_3e_7bterm_7d">$urxvt_term = $self-&gt;{term}</a></strong><br />
308 </dt>
309 <dd>
310 Returns the <code>urxvt::term</code> object associated with this instance of the
311 extension. This member <em>must not</em> be changed in any way.
312 </dd>
313 <p></p>
314 <dt><strong><a name="item_enable">$self-&gt;enable ($hook_name =&gt; $cb, [$hook_name =&gt; $cb..])</a></strong><br />
315 </dt>
316 <dd>
317 Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the <code>on_</code> prefix) for
318 this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
319 to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
320 </dd>
321 <p></p>
322 <dt><strong><a name="item_disable">$self-&gt;disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])</a></strong><br />
323 </dt>
324 <dd>
325 Dynamically disable the given hooks.
326 </dd>
327 <p></p></dl>
328 <p>
329 </p>
330 <h2><a name="hooks">Hooks</a></h2>
331 <p>The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
332 called whenever the relevant event happens.</p>
333 <p>The first argument passed to them is an extension oject as described in
334 the in the <code>Extension Objects</code> section.</p>
335 <p><strong>All</strong> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the
336 event counts as being <em>consumed</em>, and the invocation of other hooks is
337 skipped, and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.</p>
338 <p><em>When in doubt, return a false value (preferably <code>()</code>). </em>&gt;</p>
339 <dl>
340 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_init__24term">on_init $term</a></strong><br />
341 </dt>
342 <dd>
343 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
344 windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
345 call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
346 have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources,
347 though.
348 </dd>
349 <p></p>
350 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_reset__24term">on_reset $term</a></strong><br />
351 </dt>
352 <dd>
353 Called after the screen is ``reset'' for any reason, such as resizing or
354 control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
355 variables.
356 </dd>
357 <p></p>
358 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_start__24term">on_start $term</a></strong><br />
359 </dt>
360 <dd>
361 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
362 returning to the mainloop.
363 </dd>
364 <p></p>
365 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_sel_make__24term_2c__24eventtime">on_sel_make $term, $eventtime</a></strong><br />
366 </dt>
367 <dd>
368 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
369 selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
370 selection will be honored.
371 </dd>
372 <dd>
373 <p>Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
374 have to make a selection yourself by calling <a href="#item_selection_grab"><code>$term-&gt;selection_grab</code></a>.</p>
375 </dd>
376 <p></p>
377 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_sel_grab__24term_2c__24eventtime">on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime</a></strong><br />
378 </dt>
379 <dd>
380 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
381 requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
382 by calling <a href="#item_selection"><code>$term-&gt;selection</code></a>.
383 </dd>
384 <dd>
385 <p>Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.</p>
386 </dd>
387 <p></p>
388 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_sel_extend__24term">on_sel_extend $term</a></strong><br />
389 </dt>
390 <dd>
391 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
392 click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
393 should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
394 processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
395 returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
396 supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
397 </dd>
398 <dd>
399 <p>See the <em>selection</em> example extension.</p>
400 </dd>
401 <p></p>
402 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_view_change__24term_2c__24offset">on_view_change $term, $offset</a></strong><br />
403 </dt>
404 <dd>
405 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
406 scrolls. Offset <code>0</code> means display the normal terminal, positive values
407 show this many lines of scrollback.
408 </dd>
409 <p></p>
410 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_scroll_back__24term_2c__24lines_2c__24saved">on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved</a></strong><br />
411 </dt>
412 <dd>
413 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the scrollback
414 buffer. <code>$lines</code> is the number of lines scrolled out and may be larger
415 than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
416 </dd>
417 <dd>
418 <p>It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
419 $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). <code>$saved</code> is the total
420 number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.</p>
421 </dd>
422 <p></p>
423 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_osc_seq__24term_2c__24string">on_osc_seq $term, $string</a></strong><br />
424 </dt>
425 <dd>
426 Called whenever the <strong>ESC ] 777 ; string ST</strong> command sequence (OSC =
427 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
428 information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
429 string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
430 it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
431 future.
432 </dd>
433 <dd>
434 <p>Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
435 as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
436 other users on the same system etc.).</p>
437 </dd>
438 <p></p>
439 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_add_lines__24term_2c__24string">on_add_lines $term, $string</a></strong><br />
440 </dt>
441 <dd>
442 Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
443 can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
444 and calling <a href="#item_scr_add_lines"><code>$term-&gt;scr_add_lines</code></a> yourself. Please note that this
445 might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for <strong>all</strong> text being
446 output.
447 </dd>
448 <p></p>
449 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_tt_write__24term_2c__24octets">on_tt_write $term, $octets</a></strong><br />
450 </dt>
451 <dd>
452 Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
453 suppress or filter tty input.
454 </dd>
455 <p></p>
456 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_line_update__24term_2c__24row">on_line_update $term, $row</a></strong><br />
457 </dt>
458 <dd>
459 Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
460 screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
461 that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
462 not always immediately.
463 </dd>
464 <dd>
465 <p>The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
466 multiple rows.</p>
467 </dd>
468 <dd>
469 <p>Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
470 later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
471 you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.</p>
472 </dd>
473 <p></p>
474 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_refresh_begin__24term">on_refresh_begin $term</a></strong><br />
475 </dt>
476 <dd>
477 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
478 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
479 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection display
480 code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
481 </dd>
482 <p></p>
483 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_refresh_end__24term">on_refresh_end $term</a></strong><br />
484 </dt>
485 <dd>
486 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See <code>on_refresh_begin</code>.
487 </dd>
488 <p></p>
489 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_keyboard_command__24term_2c__24string">on_keyboard_command $term, $string</a></strong><br />
490 </dt>
491 <dd>
492 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
493 <code>perl:string</code> action bound to it (see description of the <strong>keysym</strong>
494 resource in the <code>rxvt(1)</code> manpage).
495 </dd>
496 <p></p>
497 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_focus_in__24term">on_focus_in $term</a></strong><br />
498 </dt>
499 <dd>
500 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
501 does focus in processing.
502 </dd>
503 <p></p>
504 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_focus_out__24term">on_focus_out $term</a></strong><br />
505 </dt>
506 <dd>
507 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
508 focus out processing.
509 </dd>
510 <p></p>
511 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_key_press__24term_2c__24event_2c__24keysym_2c__">on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets</a></strong><br />
512 </dt>
513 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_key_release__24term_2c__24event_2c__24keysym">on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym</a></strong><br />
514 </dt>
515 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_button_press__24term_2c__24event">on_button_press $term, $event</a></strong><br />
516 </dt>
517 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_button_release__24term_2c__24event">on_button_release $term, $event</a></strong><br />
518 </dt>
519 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_motion_notify__24term_2c__24event">on_motion_notify $term, $event</a></strong><br />
520 </dt>
521 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_map_notify__24term_2c__24event">on_map_notify $term, $event</a></strong><br />
522 </dt>
523 <dt><strong><a name="item_on_unmap_notify__24term_2c__24event">on_unmap_notify $term, $event</a></strong><br />
524 </dt>
525 <dd>
526 Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
527 the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
528 </dd>
529 <dd>
530 <p>The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
531 manpage), with the additional members <code>row</code> and <code>col</code>, which are the row
532 and column under the mouse cursor.</p>
533 </dd>
534 <dd>
535 <p><code>on_key_press</code> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
536 output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.</p>
537 </dd>
538 <dd>
539 <p>subwindow.</p>
540 </dd>
541 <p></p></dl>
542 <p>
543 </p>
544 <h2><a name="variables_in_the_urxvt_package">Variables in the <code>urxvt</code> Package</a></h2>
545 <dl>
546 <dt><strong><a name="item__24urxvt_3a_3alibdir">$urxvt::LIBDIR</a></strong><br />
547 </dt>
548 <dd>
549 The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
550 modules and scripts are stored.
551 </dd>
552 <p></p>
553 <dt><strong><a name="item__24urxvt_3a_3aresclass_2c__24urxvt_3a_3aresclass">$urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS</a></strong><br />
554 </dt>
555 <dd>
556 The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
557 </dd>
558 <p></p>
559 <dt><strong><a name="item__24urxvt_3a_3arxvtname">$urxvt::RXVTNAME</a></strong><br />
560 </dt>
561 <dd>
562 The basename of the installed binaries, usually <code>urxvt</code>.
563 </dd>
564 <p></p>
565 <dt><strong><a name="item__24urxvt_3a_3aterm">$urxvt::TERM</a></strong><br />
566 </dt>
567 <dd>
568 The current terminal. This variable stores the current <code>urxvt::term</code>
569 object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
570 </dd>
571 <p></p></dl>
572 <p>
573 </p>
574 <h2><a name="functions_in_the_urxvt_package">Functions in the <code>urxvt</code> Package</a></h2>
575 <dl>
576 <dt><strong><a name="item_urxvt_3a_3afatal__24errormessage">urxvt::fatal $errormessage</a></strong><br />
577 </dt>
578 <dd>
579 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
580 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
581 starts up.
582 </dd>
583 <p></p>
584 <dt><strong><a name="item_urxvt_3a_3awarn__24string">urxvt::warn $string</a></strong><br />
585 </dt>
586 <dd>
587 Calls <code>rxvt_warn</code> with the given string which should not include a
588 newline. The module also overwrites the <code>warn</code> builtin with a function
589 that calls this function.
590 </dd>
591 <dd>
592 <p>Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
593 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.</p>
594 </dd>
595 <dd>
596 <p>Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.</p>
597 </dd>
598 <p></p>
599 <dt><strong><a name="item__24is_safe__3d_urxvt_3a_3asafe">$is_safe = urxvt::safe</a></strong><br />
600 </dt>
601 <dd>
602 Returns true when it is safe to do potentially unsafe things, such as
603 evaluating perl code specified by the user. This is true when urxvt was
604 started setuid or setgid.
605 </dd>
606 <p></p>
607 <dt><strong><a name="item__24time__3d_urxvt_3a_3anow">$time = urxvt::NOW</a></strong><br />
608 </dt>
609 <dd>
610 Returns the ``current time'' (as per the event loop).
611 </dd>
612 <p></p>
613 <dt><strong><a name="item_urxvt_3a_3acurrenttime">urxvt::CurrentTime</a></strong><br />
614 </dt>
615 <dt><strong><a name="item_urxvt_3a_3ashiftmask_2c_lockmask_2c_controlmask_2c">urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
616 Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
617 Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier</a></strong><br />
618 </dt>
619 <dd>
620 Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
621 </dd>
622 <p></p></dl>
623 <p>
624 </p>
625 <h2><a name="rendition">RENDITION</a></h2>
626 <p>Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
627 similar information for each screen cell.</p>
628 <p>The following ``macros'' deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
629 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
630 as they contain important information required for correct operation of
631 rxvt-unicode.</p>
632 <dl>
633 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rend__3d_urxvt_3a_3adefault_rstyle">$rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE</a></strong><br />
634 </dt>
635 <dd>
636 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
637 being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
638 </dd>
639 <p></p>
640 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rend__3d_urxvt_3a_3aoverlay_rstyle">$rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE</a></strong><br />
641 </dt>
642 <dd>
643 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
644 </dd>
645 <p></p>
646 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rendbit__3d_urxvt_3a_3ars_bold_2c_rs_italic_2c_">$rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline</a></strong><br />
647 </dt>
648 <dd>
649 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
650 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
651 the bitset.
652 </dd>
653 <p></p>
654 <dt><strong><a name="item__24foreground__3d_urxvt_3a_3aget_basefg__24rend">$foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend</a></strong><br />
655 </dt>
656 <dt><strong><a name="item__24background__3d_urxvt_3a_3aget_basebg__24rend">$background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend</a></strong><br />
657 </dt>
658 <dd>
659 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
660 </dd>
661 <p></p>
662 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rend__3d_urxvt_3a_3aset_fgcolor__24rend_2c__24n">$rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour</a></strong><br />
663 </dt>
664 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rend__3d_urxvt_3a_3aset_bgcolor__24rend_2c__24n">$rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour</a></strong><br />
665 </dt>
666 <dd>
667 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
668 specified one.
669 </dd>
670 <p></p>
671 <dt><strong><a name="item__24value__3d_urxvt_3a_3aget_custom__24rend">$value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend</a></strong><br />
672 </dt>
673 <dd>
674 Return the ``custom'' value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
675 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
676 zero.
677 </dd>
678 <p></p>
679 <dt><strong><a name="item__24rend__3d_urxvt_3a_3aset_custom__24rend_2c__24ne">$rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value</a></strong><br />
680 </dt>
681 <dd>
682 Change the custom value.
683 </dd>
684 <p></p></dl>
685 <p>
686 </p>
687 <h2><a name="the_urxvt__anyevent_class">The <code>urxvt::anyevent</code> Class</a></h2>
688 <p>The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
689 <code>AnyEvent</code> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
690 further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
691 condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
692 is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
693 work.</p>
694 <p>
695 </p>
696 <h2><a name="the_urxvt__term_class">The <code>urxvt::term</code> Class</a></h2>
697 <dl>
698 <dt><strong><a name="item__24term__3d_new_urxvt_3a_3aterm__24envhashref_2c__">$term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]</a></strong><br />
699 </dt>
700 <dd>
701 Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
702 <code>$rxvtname, arg...</code>. <code>$envhashref</code> must be a reference to a <code>%ENV</code>-like
703 hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
704 </dd>
705 <dd>
706 <p>Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
707 couldn't be created. Returns <code>undef</code> if the new instance didn't
708 initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The <code>init</code> and
709 <a href="#item_start"><code>start</code></a> hooks will be called during this call.</p>
710 </dd>
711 <p></p>
712 <dt><strong><a name="item_destroy">$term-&gt;destroy</a></strong><br />
713 </dt>
714 <dd>
715 Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
716 etc.). Please note that rxvt will not exit as long as any event
717 watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
718 </dd>
719 <p></p>
720 <dt><strong><a name="item_option">$isset = $term-&gt;option ($optval[, $set])</a></strong><br />
721 </dt>
722 <dd>
723 Returns true if the option specified by <code>$optval</code> is enabled, and
724 optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
725 <code>%urxvt::OPTION</code>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
726 </dd>
727 <dd>
728 <p>Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
729 source file <em>/src/optinc.h</em> to see the actual list:</p>
730 </dd>
731 <dd>
732 <pre>
733 borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
734 intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
735 pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar scrollBar_floating
736 scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer
737 secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs transparent
738 tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell</pre>
739 </dd>
740 <p></p>
741 <dt><strong><a name="item_resource">$value = $term-&gt;resource ($name[, $newval])</a></strong><br />
742 </dt>
743 <dd>
744 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
745 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the <code>init</code>
746 hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as <code>undef</code>.
747 </dd>
748 <dd>
749 <p>The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
750 before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
751 to be converted from the used encoding to text.</p>
752 </dd>
753 <dd>
754 <p>Resource names are as defined in <em>src/rsinc.h</em>. Colours can be specified
755 as resource names of the form <code>color+&lt;index&gt;</code>, e.g. <code>color+5</code>. (will
756 likely change).</p>
757 </dd>
758 <dd>
759 <p>Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
760 terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.</p>
761 </dd>
762 <dd>
763 <p>Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
764 are supported in every build, please see the source file <em>/src/rsinc.h</em>
765 to see the actual list:</p>
766 </dd>
767 <dd>
768 <pre>
769 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
770 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
771 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
772 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
773 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
774 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2
775 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
776 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
777 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
778 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
779 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
780 utmpInhibit visualBell</pre>
781 </dd>
782 <p></p>
783 <dt><strong><a name="item_x_resource">$value = $term-&gt;x_resource ($pattern)</a></strong><br />
784 </dt>
785 <dd>
786 Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
787 class name, i.e. <a href="#item_x_resource"><code>$term-&gt;x_resource (&quot;boldFont&quot;)</code></a> should return the
788 same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns <code>undef</code> if no
789 resource with that pattern exists.
790 </dd>
791 <dd>
792 <p>This method should only be called during the <code>on_start</code> hook, as there is
793 only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
794 the wrong resources.</p>
795 </dd>
796 <p></p>
797 <dt><strong><a name="item_parse_keysym">$success = $term-&gt;parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)</a></strong><br />
798 </dt>
799 <dd>
800 Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
801 <code>keysym</code> resource in the <code>rxvt(1)</code> manpage.
802 </dd>
803 <p></p>
804 <dt><strong><a name="item_rstyle">$rend = $term-&gt;rstyle ([$new_rstyle])</a></strong><br />
805 </dt>
806 <dd>
807 Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
808 the terminal application will use this style.
809 </dd>
810 <p></p>
811 <dt><strong><a name="item_screen_cur">($row, $col) = $term-&gt;screen_cur ([$row, $col])</a></strong><br />
812 </dt>
813 <dd>
814 Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
815 set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
816 </dd>
817 <p></p>
818 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_mark">($row, $col) = $term-&gt;selection_mark ([$row, $col])</a></strong><br />
819 </dt>
820 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_beg">($row, $col) = $term-&gt;selection_beg ([$row, $col])</a></strong><br />
821 </dt>
822 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_end">($row, $col) = $term-&gt;selection_end ([$row, $col])</a></strong><br />
823 </dt>
824 <dd>
825 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
826 and optionally set them to new values.
827 </dd>
828 <p></p>
829 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_make">$term-&gt;selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])</a></strong><br />
830 </dt>
831 <dd>
832 Tries to make a selection as set by <a href="#item_selection_beg"><code>selection_beg</code></a> and
833 <a href="#item_selection_end"><code>selection_end</code></a>. If <code>$rectangular</code> is true (default: false), a
834 rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
835 a selection.
836 </dd>
837 <p></p>
838 <dt><strong><a name="item_selection_grab">$success = $term-&gt;selection_grab ($eventtime)</a></strong><br />
839 </dt>
840 <dd>
841 Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
842 set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
843 is mostly useful from within <code>on_sel_grab</code> hooks.
844 </dd>
845 <p></p>
846 <dt><strong>$oldtext = $term-&gt;selection ([$newtext])</strong><br />
847 </dt>
848 <dd>
849 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by <code>$newtext</code>.
850 </dd>
851 <p></p>
852 <dt><strong><a name="item_overlay_simple">$term-&gt;overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)</a></strong><br />
853 </dt>
854 <dd>
855 Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
856 </dd>
857 <p></p>
858 <dt><strong><a name="item_overlay">$term-&gt;overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])</a></strong><br />
859 </dt>
860 <dd>
861 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
862 width/height. <code>$rstyle</code> defines the initial rendition style
863 (default: <code>OVERLAY_RSTYLE</code>).
864 </dd>
865 <dd>
866 <p>If <code>$border</code> is <code>2</code> (default), then a decorative border will be put
867 around the box.</p>
868 </dd>
869 <dd>
870 <p>If either <code>$x</code> or <code>$y</code> is negative, then this is counted from the
871 right/bottom side, respectively.</p>
872 </dd>
873 <dd>
874 <p>This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
875 as long as the perl object is referenced.</p>
876 </dd>
877 <dd>
878 <p>The methods currently supported on <code>urxvt::overlay</code> objects are:</p>
879 </dd>
880 <dl>
881 <dt><strong><a name="item_set">$overlay-&gt;set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)</a></strong><br />
882 </dt>
883 <dd>
884 Similar to <a href="#item_row_t"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_t</code></a> and <a href="#item_row_r"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_r</code></a> in that it puts
885 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
886 at a specific position inside the overlay.
887 </dd>
888 <p></p>
889 <dt><strong><a name="item_hide">$overlay-&gt;hide</a></strong><br />
890 </dt>
891 <dd>
892 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
893 </dd>
894 <p></p>
895 <dt><strong><a name="item_show">$overlay-&gt;show</a></strong><br />
896 </dt>
897 <dd>
898 If hidden, display the overlay again.
899 </dd>
900 <p></p></dl>
901 <dt><strong>$popup = $term-&gt;popup ($event)</strong><br />
902 </dt>
903 <dd>
904 Creates a new <code>urxvt::popup</code> object that implements a popup menu. The
905 <code>$event</code> <em>must</em> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
906 currently).
907 </dd>
908 <p></p>
909 <dt><strong><a name="item_strwidth">$cellwidth = $term-&gt;strwidth ($string)</a></strong><br />
910 </dt>
911 <dd>
912 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
913 accounts for wide and combining characters.
914 </dd>
915 <p></p>
916 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_encode">$octets = $term-&gt;locale_encode ($string)</a></strong><br />
917 </dt>
918 <dd>
919 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
920 </dd>
921 <p></p>
922 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale_decode">$string = $term-&gt;locale_decode ($octets)</a></strong><br />
923 </dt>
924 <dd>
925 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
926 </dd>
927 <p></p>
928 <dt><strong><a name="item_scr_xor_span">$term-&gt;scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])</a></strong><br />
929 </dt>
930 <dd>
931 XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
932 (default: <code>RS_RVid</code>), which <em>MUST NOT</em> contain font styles. Useful in
933 refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
934 </dd>
935 <p></p>
936 <dt><strong><a name="item_scr_xor_rect">$term-&gt;scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])</a></strong><br />
937 </dt>
938 <dd>
939 Similar to <a href="#item_scr_xor_span"><code>scr_xor_span</code></a>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
940 whitespace will additionally be xored with the <code>$rstyle2</code>, which defaults
941 to <code>RS_RVid | RS_Uline</code>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
942 it instead. Both styles <em>MUST NOT</em> contain font styles.
943 </dd>
944 <p></p>
945 <dt><strong><a name="item_scr_bell">$term-&gt;scr_bell</a></strong><br />
946 </dt>
947 <dd>
948 Ring the bell!
949 </dd>
950 <p></p>
951 <dt><strong><a name="item_scr_add_lines">$term-&gt;scr_add_lines ($string)</a></strong><br />
952 </dt>
953 <dd>
954 Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
955 running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
956 codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
957 string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
958 </dd>
959 <dd>
960 <p>Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
961 confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
962 <code>on_add_lines</code> hook, though.</p>
963 </dd>
964 <p></p>
965 <dt><strong><a name="item_cmd_parse">$term-&gt;cmd_parse ($octets)</a></strong><br />
966 </dt>
967 <dd>
968 Similar to <a href="#item_scr_add_lines"><code>scr_add_lines</code></a>, but the argument must be in the
969 locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
970 (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
971 </dd>
972 <p></p>
973 <dt><strong><a name="item_tt_write">$term-&gt;tt_write ($octets)</a></strong><br />
974 </dt>
975 <dd>
976 Write the octets given in <code>$data</code> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
977 pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
978 to the locale-specific encoding using <a href="#item_locale_encode"><code>$term-&gt;locale_encode</code></a>.
979 </dd>
980 <p></p>
981 <dt><strong><a name="item_pty_ev_events">$old_events = $term-&gt;pty_ev_events ([$new_events])</a></strong><br />
982 </dt>
983 <dd>
984 Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
985 be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
986 description of <a href="#item_events"><code>urxvt::timer-&gt;events</code></a>. Make sure to always restore
987 the previous value.
988 </dd>
989 <p></p>
990 <dt><strong><a name="item_parent">$windowid = $term-&gt;parent</a></strong><br />
991 </dt>
992 <dd>
993 Return the window id of the toplevel window.
994 </dd>
995 <p></p>
996 <dt><strong><a name="item_vt">$windowid = $term-&gt;vt</a></strong><br />
997 </dt>
998 <dd>
999 Return the window id of the terminal window.
1000 </dd>
1001 <p></p>
1002 <dt><strong><a name="item_width">$window_width = $term-&gt;width</a></strong><br />
1003 </dt>
1004 <dt><strong><a name="item_height">$window_height = $term-&gt;height</a></strong><br />
1005 </dt>
1006 <dt><strong><a name="item_fwidth">$font_width = $term-&gt;fwidth</a></strong><br />
1007 </dt>
1008 <dt><strong><a name="item_fheight">$font_height = $term-&gt;fheight</a></strong><br />
1009 </dt>
1010 <dt><strong><a name="item_fbase">$font_ascent = $term-&gt;fbase</a></strong><br />
1011 </dt>
1012 <dt><strong><a name="item_nrow">$terminal_rows = $term-&gt;nrow</a></strong><br />
1013 </dt>
1014 <dt><strong><a name="item_ncol">$terminal_columns = $term-&gt;ncol</a></strong><br />
1015 </dt>
1016 <dt><strong><a name="item_focus">$has_focus = $term-&gt;focus</a></strong><br />
1017 </dt>
1018 <dt><strong><a name="item_mapped">$is_mapped = $term-&gt;mapped</a></strong><br />
1019 </dt>
1020 <dt><strong><a name="item_savelines">$max_scrollback = $term-&gt;saveLines</a></strong><br />
1021 </dt>
1022 <dt><strong><a name="item_total_rows">$nrow_plus_saveLines = $term-&gt;total_rows</a></strong><br />
1023 </dt>
1024 <dt><strong><a name="item_nsaved">$lines_in_scrollback = $term-&gt;nsaved</a></strong><br />
1025 </dt>
1026 <dd>
1027 Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
1028 </dd>
1029 <p></p>
1030 <dt><strong><a name="item_display_id">$x_display = $term-&gt;display_id</a></strong><br />
1031 </dt>
1032 <dd>
1033 Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
1034 </dd>
1035 <p></p>
1036 <dt><strong><a name="item_locale">$lc_ctype = $term-&gt;locale</a></strong><br />
1037 </dt>
1038 <dd>
1039 Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
1040 </dd>
1041 <p></p>
1042 <dt><strong><a name="item_env">$env = $term-&gt;env</a></strong><br />
1043 </dt>
1044 <dd>
1045 Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
1046 similar to <code>\%ENV</code>.
1047 </dd>
1048 <p></p>
1049 <dt><strong><a name="item_modlevel3mask">$modifiermask = $term-&gt;ModLevel3Mask</a></strong><br />
1050 </dt>
1051 <dt><strong><a name="item_modmetamask">$modifiermask = $term-&gt;ModMetaMask</a></strong><br />
1052 </dt>
1053 <dt><strong><a name="item_modnumlockmask">$modifiermask = $term-&gt;ModNumLockMask</a></strong><br />
1054 </dt>
1055 <dd>
1056 Return the modifier masks corresponding to the ``ISO Level 3 Shift'' (often
1057 AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
1058 </dd>
1059 <p></p>
1060 <dt><strong><a name="item_view_start">$view_start = $term-&gt;view_start ([$newvalue])</a></strong><br />
1061 </dt>
1062 <dd>
1063 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value is
1064 <code>0</code>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values scroll
1065 this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
1066 </dd>
1067 <p></p>
1068 <dt><strong><a name="item_want_refresh">$term-&gt;want_refresh</a></strong><br />
1069 </dt>
1070 <dd>
1071 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
1072 compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
1073 differ, it redraws the differences.
1074 </dd>
1075 <dd>
1076 <p>Used after changing terminal contents to display them.</p>
1077 </dd>
1078 <p></p>
1079 <dt><strong><a name="item_row_t">$text = $term-&gt;ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])</a></strong><br />
1080 </dt>
1081 <dd>
1082 Returns the text of the entire row with number <code>$row_number</code>. Row <code>0</code>
1083 is the topmost terminal line, row <code>$term-&gt;$ncol-1</code> is the bottommost
1084 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line <code>-1</code> and extends to
1085 line <a href="#item_nsaved"><code>-$term-&gt;nsaved</code></a>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
1086 is requested.
1087 </dd>
1088 <dd>
1089 <p>If <code>$new_text</code> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
1090 line, starting at column <code>$start_col</code> (default <code>0</code>), which is useful
1091 to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
1092 automatically be updated.</p>
1093 </dd>
1094 <dd>
1095 <p><a href="#item__24text"><code>$text</code></a> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
1096 than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
1097 (<code>chr 65535</code>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
1098 that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
1099 characters in the private use area.</p>
1100 </dd>
1101 <dd>
1102 <p>You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
1103 that <code>substr</code> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
1104 characters.</p>
1105 </dd>
1106 <dd>
1107 <p>The methods <a href="#item_special_encode"><code>$term-&gt;special_encode</code></a> and <a href="#item_special_decode"><code>$term-&gt;special_decode</code></a>
1108 can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.</p>
1109 </dd>
1110 <p></p>
1111 <dt><strong><a name="item_row_r">$rend = $term-&gt;ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])</a></strong><br />
1112 </dt>
1113 <dd>
1114 Like <a href="#item_row_t"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_t</code></a>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
1115 bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
1116 styles and similar information. See also <a href="#item_row_t"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_t</code></a>.
1117 </dd>
1118 <dd>
1119 <p>When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.</p>
1120 </dd>
1121 <dd>
1122 <p>See the section on RENDITION, above.</p>
1123 </dd>
1124 <p></p>
1125 <dt><strong><a name="item_row_l">$length = $term-&gt;ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])</a></strong><br />
1126 </dt>
1127 <dd>
1128 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use (``the line
1129 length''). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns <a href="#item_ncol"><code>$term-&gt;ncol</code></a> if the
1130 line is joined with the following one.
1131 </dd>
1132 <p></p>
1133 <dt><strong><a name="item_is_longer">$bool = $term-&gt;is_longer ($row_number)</a></strong><br />
1134 </dt>
1135 <dd>
1136 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical ``line'' (i.e.
1137 joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
1138 and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
1139 previous row(s)).
1140 </dd>
1141 <p></p>
1142 <dt><strong><a name="item_line">$line = $term-&gt;line ($row_number)</a></strong><br />
1143 </dt>
1144 <dd>
1145 Create and return a new <code>urxvt::line</code> object that stores information
1146 about the logical line that row <code>$row_number</code> is part of. It supports the
1147 following methods:
1148 </dd>
1149 <dl>
1150 <dt><strong><a name="item_t">$text = $line-&gt;t ([$new_text])</a></strong><br />
1151 </dt>
1152 <dd>
1153 Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to <a href="#item_row_t"><code>ROW_t</code></a>
1154 </dd>
1155 <p></p>
1156 <dt><strong><a name="item_r">$rend = $line-&gt;r ([$new_rend])</a></strong><br />
1157 </dt>
1158 <dd>
1159 Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to <a href="#item_row_r"><code>ROW_r</code></a>
1160 </dd>
1161 <p></p>
1162 <dt><strong><a name="item_l">$length = $line-&gt;l</a></strong><br />
1163 </dt>
1164 <dd>
1165 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to <a href="#item_row_l"><code>ROW_l</code></a>.
1166 </dd>
1167 <p></p>
1168 <dt><strong><a name="item_beg">$rownum = $line-&gt;beg</a></strong><br />
1169 </dt>
1170 <dt><strong><a name="item_end">$rownum = $line-&gt;end</a></strong><br />
1171 </dt>
1172 <dd>
1173 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
1174 </dd>
1175 <p></p>
1176 <dt><strong><a name="item_offset_of">$offset = $line-&gt;offset_of ($row, $col)</a></strong><br />
1177 </dt>
1178 <dd>
1179 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
1180 line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
1181 offsets outside the string.
1182 </dd>
1183 <p></p>
1184 <dt><strong><a name="item_coord_of">($row, $col) = $line-&gt;coord_of ($offset)</a></strong><br />
1185 </dt>
1186 <dd>
1187 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
1188 </dd>
1189 <p></p></dl>
1190 <dt><strong><a name="item_special_encode">$text = $term-&gt;special_encode $string</a></strong><br />
1191 </dt>
1192 <dd>
1193 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
1194 where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
1195 <a href="#item_row_t"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_t</code></a> for details.
1196 </dd>
1197 <p></p>
1198 <dt><strong><a name="item_special_decode">$string = $term-&gt;special_decode $text</a></strong><br />
1199 </dt>
1200 <dd>
1201 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
1202 <a href="#item_row_t"><code>$term-&gt;ROW_t</code></a> for details.
1203 </dd>
1204 <p></p>
1205 <dt><strong><a name="item_grab_button">$success = $term-&gt;grab_button ($button, $modifiermask)</a></strong><br />
1206 </dt>
1207 <dd>
1208 Registers a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton manpage.
1209 </dd>
1210 <p></p>
1211 <dt><strong><a name="item_grab">$success = $term-&gt;grab ($eventtime[, $sync])</a></strong><br />
1212 </dt>
1213 <dd>
1214 Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
1215 synchronous (<code>$sync</code> is true). Also remembers the grab timestampe.
1216 </dd>
1217 <p></p>
1218 <dt><strong><a name="item_allow_events_async">$term-&gt;allow_events_async</a></strong><br />
1219 </dt>
1220 <dd>
1221 Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1222 </dd>
1223 <p></p>
1224 <dt><strong><a name="item_allow_events_sync">$term-&gt;allow_events_sync</a></strong><br />
1225 </dt>
1226 <dd>
1227 Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1228 </dd>
1229 <p></p>
1230 <dt><strong><a name="item_allow_events_replay">$term-&gt;allow_events_replay</a></strong><br />
1231 </dt>
1232 <dd>
1233 Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
1234 recent grab.
1235 </dd>
1236 <p></p>
1237 <dt><strong><a name="item_ungrab">$term-&gt;ungrab</a></strong><br />
1238 </dt>
1239 <dd>
1240 Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
1241 evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
1242 the session.
1243 </dd>
1244 <p></p></dl>
1245 <p>
1246 </p>
1247 <h2><a name="the_urxvt__popup_class">The <code>urxvt::popup</code> Class</a></h2>
1248 <dl>
1249 <dt><strong><a name="item_add_title">$popup-&gt;add_title ($title)</a></strong><br />
1250 </dt>
1251 <dd>
1252 Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
1253 </dd>
1254 <p></p>
1255 <dt><strong><a name="item_add_separator">$popup-&gt;add_separator ([$sepchr])</a></strong><br />
1256 </dt>
1257 <dd>
1258 Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as <code>$sepchr</code>.
1259 </dd>
1260 <p></p>
1261 <dt><strong><a name="item_add_button">$popup-&gt;add_button ($text, $cb)</a></strong><br />
1262 </dt>
1263 <dd>
1264 Adds a clickable button to the popup. <code>$cb</code> is called whenever it is
1265 selected.
1266 </dd>
1267 <p></p>
1268 <dt><strong><a name="item_add_toggle">$popup-&gt;add_toggle ($text, $cb, $initial_value)</a></strong><br />
1269 </dt>
1270 <dd>
1271 Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. Teh callback gets called
1272 whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its value as its first
1273 argument.
1274 </dd>
1275 <p></p>
1276 <dt><strong>$popup-&gt;show</strong><br />
1277 </dt>
1278 <dd>
1279 Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
1280 </dd>
1281 <p></p></dl>
1282 <p>
1283 </p>
1284 <h2><a name="the_urxvt__timer_class">The <code>urxvt::timer</code> Class</a></h2>
1285 <p>This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
1286 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:</p>
1287 <pre>
1288 $term-&gt;{overlay} = $term-&gt;overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
1289 $term-&gt;{timer} = urxvt::timer
1290 -&gt;new
1291 -&gt;interval (1)
1292 -&gt;cb (sub {
1293 $term-&gt;{overlay}-&gt;set (0, 0,
1294 sprintf &quot;%2d:%02d:%02d&quot;, (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
1295 });</pre>
1296 <dl>
1297 <dt><strong><a name="item__24timer__3d_new_urxvt_3a_3atimer">$timer = new urxvt::timer</a></strong><br />
1298 </dt>
1299 <dd>
1300 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
1301 immediately.
1302 </dd>
1303 <p></p>
1304 <dt><strong><a name="item_cb">$timer = $timer-&gt;cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })</a></strong><br />
1305 </dt>
1306 <dd>
1307 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
1308 </dd>
1309 <p></p>
1310 <dt><strong><a name="item_at">$tstamp = $timer-&gt;at</a></strong><br />
1311 </dt>
1312 <dd>
1313 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
1314 </dd>
1315 <p></p>
1316 <dt><strong>$timer = $timer-&gt;set ($tstamp)</strong><br />
1317 </dt>
1318 <dd>
1319 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
1320 </dd>
1321 <p></p>
1322 <dt><strong><a name="item_interval">$timer = $timer-&gt;interval ($interval)</a></strong><br />
1323 </dt>
1324 <dd>
1325 Normally (and when <code>$interval</code> is <code>0</code>), the timer will automatically
1326 stop after it has fired once. If <code>$interval</code> is non-zero, then the timer
1327 is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
1328 </dd>
1329 <p></p>
1330 <dt><strong><a name="item_start">$timer = $timer-&gt;start</a></strong><br />
1331 </dt>
1332 <dd>
1333 Start the timer.
1334 </dd>
1335 <p></p>
1336 <dt><strong>$timer = $timer-&gt;start ($tstamp)</strong><br />
1337 </dt>
1338 <dd>
1339 Set the event trigger time to <code>$tstamp</code> and start the timer.
1340 </dd>
1341 <p></p>
1342 <dt><strong><a name="item_stop">$timer = $timer-&gt;stop</a></strong><br />
1343 </dt>
1344 <dd>
1345 Stop the timer.
1346 </dd>
1347 <p></p></dl>
1348 <p>
1349 </p>
1350 <h2><a name="the_urxvt__iow_class">The <code>urxvt::iow</code> Class</a></h2>
1351 <p>This class implements io watchers/events. Example:</p>
1352 <pre>
1353 $term-&gt;{socket} = ...
1354 $term-&gt;{iow} = urxvt::iow
1355 -&gt;new
1356 -&gt;fd (fileno $term-&gt;{socket})
1357 -&gt;events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
1358 -&gt;start
1359 -&gt;cb (sub {
1360 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
1361 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
1362 sysread $term-&gt;{socket}, my $buf, 8192
1363 or end-of-file;
1364 });</pre>
1365 <dl>
1366 <dt><strong><a name="item__24iow__3d_new_urxvt_3a_3aiow">$iow = new urxvt::iow</a></strong><br />
1367 </dt>
1368 <dd>
1369 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
1370 </dd>
1371 <p></p>
1372 <dt><strong>$iow = $iow-&gt;cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })</strong><br />
1373 </dt>
1374 <dd>
1375 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. <code>$reventmask</code>
1376 is a bitset as described in the <a href="#item_events"><code>events</code></a> method.
1377 </dd>
1378 <p></p>
1379 <dt><strong><a name="item_fd">$iow = $iow-&gt;fd ($fd)</a></strong><br />
1380 </dt>
1381 <dd>
1382 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
1383 </dd>
1384 <p></p>
1385 <dt><strong><a name="item_events">$iow = $iow-&gt;events ($eventmask)</a></strong><br />
1386 </dt>
1387 <dd>
1388 Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
1389 <code>urxvt::EVENT_READ</code> and <code>urxvt::EVENT_WRITE</code>, which might be ORed
1390 together, or <code>urxvt::EVENT_NONE</code>.
1391 </dd>
1392 <p></p>
1393 <dt><strong>$iow = $iow-&gt;start</strong><br />
1394 </dt>
1395 <dd>
1396 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
1397 </dd>
1398 <p></p>
1399 <dt><strong>$iow = $iow-&gt;stop</strong><br />
1400 </dt>
1401 <dd>
1402 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
1403 </dd>
1404 <p></p></dl>
1405 <p>
1406 </p>
1407 <hr />
1408 <h1><a name="environment">ENVIRONMENT</a></h1>
1409 <p>
1410 </p>
1411 <h2><a name="urxvt_perl_verbosity">URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY</a></h2>
1412 <p>This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
1413 numbers indicate more verbose output.</p>
1414 <dl>
1415 <dt><strong><a name="item__3d_3d_0__2d_fatal_messages">== 0 - fatal messages</a></strong><br />
1416 </dt>
1417 <dt><strong><a name="item__3e_3d_3__2d_script_loading_and_management">&gt;= 3 - script loading and management</a></strong><br />
1418 </dt>
1419 <dt><strong><a name="item__3e_3d10__2d_all_called_hooks">&gt;=10 - all called hooks</a></strong><br />
1420 </dt>
1421 <dt><strong><a name="item__3e_3d11__2d_hook_reutrn_values">&gt;=11 - hook reutrn values</a></strong><br />
1422 </dt>
1423 </dl>
1424 <p>
1425 </p>
1426 <hr />
1427 <h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
1428 <pre>
1429 Marc Lehmann &lt;pcg@goof.com&gt;
1430 <a href="http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode">http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode</a></pre>
1431
1432 </body>
1433
1434 </html>