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# Content
1 NAME
2 rxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
3
4 SYNOPSIS
5 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:
6
7 sub on_sel_grab {
8 warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
9 ()
10 }
11
12 # start a rxvt using it:
13
14 rxvt --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
15
16 DESCRIPTION
17 Everytime a terminal object gets created, scripts specified via the
18 "perl" resource are loaded and associated with it.
19
20 Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
21 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
22
23 Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in rxvtd, where scripts
24 will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
25
26 Prepackaged Extensions
27 This section describes the extensiosn delivered with this version. You
28 can find them in /opt/rxvt/lib/urxvt/perl/.
29
30 You can activate them like this:
31
32 rxvt -pe <extensionname>
33
34 selection
35 Intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
36 when the user extends selections (double-click). Right now, it tries
37 to select urls and complete shell-quoted arguments, which is very
38 convenient, too, if your ls supports "--quoting-style=shell".
39
40 It also offers the following bindable event:
41
42 rot13
43 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
44
45 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
46
47 digital-clock
48 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
49
50 example-refresh-hooks
51 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of
52 the window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create
53 your own overlays or changes.
54
55 General API Considerations
56 All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
57 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
58 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as "_ptr" or
59 "_hook") are reserved for internal uses and MUST NOT be accessed or
60 modified).
61
62 When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
63 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
64 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
65 terminal is destroyed.
66
67 Hooks
68 The following subroutines can be declared in loaded scripts, and will be
69 called whenever the relevant event happens.
70
71 The first argument passed to them is an object private to each terminal
72 and extension package. You can call all "urxvt::term" methods on it, but
73 its not a real "urxvt::term" object. Instead, the real "urxvt::term"
74 object that is shared between all packages is stored in the "term"
75 member.
76
77 All of them must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the event
78 counts as being *consumed*, and the invocation of other hooks is
79 skipped, and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++
80 code.
81
82 When in doubt, return a false value (preferably "()").
83
84 on_init $term
85 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
86 windows are created or the command gets run.
87
88 on_reset $term
89 Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing
90 or control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to
91 size-related variables.
92
93 on_start $term
94 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just
95 before returning to the mainloop.
96
97 on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
98 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before
99 the selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or
100 type of the selection will be honored.
101
102 Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which
103 case you have to make a selection yourself by calling
104 "$term->selection_grab".
105
106 on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
107 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the
108 selection is requested from the server. The selection text can be
109 queried and changed by calling "$term->selection".
110
111 Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be
112 hilighted.
113
114 on_sel_extend $term
115 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a
116 double click) and is either supposed to return false (normal
117 operation), or should extend the selection itelf and return true to
118 suppress the built-in processing.
119
120 See the selection example extension.
121
122 on_focus_in $term
123 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before urxvt
124 does focus in processing.
125
126 on_focus_out $term
127 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before urxvt does
128 focus out processing.
129
130 on_view_change $term, $offset
131 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
132 scrolls. Offset 0 means display the normal terminal, positive values
133 show this many lines of scrollback.
134
135 on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
136 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the
137 scrollback buffer. $lines is the number of lines scrolled out and
138 may be larger than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
139
140 It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines
141 - 1, $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). $saved is
142 the total number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
143
144 on_tty_activity $term *NYI*
145 Called whenever the program(s) running in the urxvt window send
146 output.
147
148 on_osc_seq $term, $string
149 Called whenever the ESC ] 777 ; string ST command sequence (OSC =
150 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other
151 state information is up-to-date when this happens. For
152 interoperability, the string should start with the extension name
153 and a colon, to distinguish it from commands for other extensions,
154 and this might be enforced in the future.
155
156 Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you
157 receive, as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content,
158 messages from other users on the same system etc.).
159
160 on_refresh_begin $term
161 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
162 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
163 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection
164 display code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
165
166 on_refresh_end $term
167 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See "on_refresh_begin".
168
169 on_keyboard_command $term, $string
170 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
171 "perl:string" action bound to it (see description of the keysym
172 resource in the rxvt(1) manpage).
173
174 Variables in the "urxvt" Package
175 $urxvt::TERM
176 The current terminal. Whenever a callback/Hook is bein executed,
177 this variable stores the current "urxvt::term" object.
178
179 Functions in the "urxvt" Package
180 urxvt::fatal $errormessage
181 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
182 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
183 starts up.
184
185 urxvt::warn $string
186 Calls "rxvt_warn" with the given string which should not include a
187 newline. The module also overwrites the "warn" builtin with a
188 function that calls this function.
189
190 Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
191 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
192
193 $time = urxvt::NOW
194 Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
195
196 RENDITION
197 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles
198 and similar information for each screen cell.
199
200 The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
201 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one, as
202 they contain important information required for correct operation of
203 rxvt-unicode.
204
205 $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
206 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting
207 up or being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating
208 renditions.
209
210 $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
211 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
212
213 $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
214 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
215 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR
216 it into the bitset.
217
218 $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
219 $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
220 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
221
222 $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR ($rend, $new_colour)
223 $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR ($rend, $new_colour)
224 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with
225 the specified one.
226
227 $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM ($rend)
228 Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
229 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are
230 initially zero.
231
232 $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM ($rend, $new_value)
233 Change the custom value.
234
235 The "urxvt::term" Class
236 $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
237 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
238 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the
239 "init" hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as "undef".
240
241 The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character
242 encoding before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned
243 value may need to be converted from the used encoding to text.
244
245 Resource names are as defined in src/rsinc.h. Colours can be
246 specified as resource names of the form "color+<index>", e.g.
247 "color+5". (will likely change).
248
249 Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when
250 the terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat
251 memory.
252
253 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of
254 which are supported in every build, please see the source to see the
255 actual list:
256
257 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
258 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
259 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
260 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
261 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
262 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext
263 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
264 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
265 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
266 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
267 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
268 utmpInhibit visualBell
269
270 ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
271 ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
272 ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
273 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end
274 positions, and optionally set them to new values.
275
276 $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
277 Try to request the primary selection from the server (for example,
278 as set by the next method).
279
280 $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
281 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by
282 $newtext.
283
284 #=item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $text) # #Create a simple multi-line
285 overlay box. See the next method for details. # #=cut
286
287 sub urxvt::term::scr_overlay { die; my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
288
289 my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
290
291 my $w = 0;
292 for (map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines) {
293 $w = $_ if $w < $_;
294 }
295
296 $self->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
297 $self->scr_overlay_set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
298 }
299
300 $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
301 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
302 width/height. $rstyle defines the initial rendition style (default:
303 "OVERLAY_RSTYLE").
304
305 If $border is 2 (default), then a decorative border will be put
306 around the box.
307
308 If either $x or $y is negative, then this is counted from the
309 right/bottom side, respectively.
310
311 This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be
312 visible as long as the perl object is referenced.
313
314 The methods currently supported on "urxvt::overlay" objects are:
315
316 $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
317 Similar to "$term->ROW_t" and "$term->ROW_r" in that it puts
318 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of
319 rendition values at a specific position inside the overlay.
320
321 $overlay->hide
322 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
323
324 $overlay->show
325 If hidden, display the overlay again.
326
327 $cellwidth = $term->strwidth $string
328 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
329 accounts for wide and combining characters.
330
331 $octets = $term->locale_encode $string
332 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale
333 encoding.
334
335 $string = $term->locale_decode $octets
336 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
337
338 $term->tt_write ($octets)
339 Write the octets given in $data to the tty (i.e. as program input).
340 To pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your
341 strings first to the locale-specific encoding using
342 "$term->locale_encode".
343
344 $nrow = $term->nrow
345 $ncol = $term->ncol
346 Return the number of rows/columns of the terminal window (i.e. as
347 specified by "-geometry", excluding any scrollback).
348
349 $nsaved = $term->nsaved
350 Returns the number of lines in the scrollback buffer.
351
352 $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
353 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value
354 is 0, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values
355 scroll this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
356
357 $term->want_refresh
358 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode
359 will compare the on-screen display with its stored representation.
360 If they differ, it redraws the differences.
361
362 Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
363
364 $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
365 Returns the text of the entire row with number $row_number. Row 0 is
366 the topmost terminal line, row "$term->$ncol-1" is the bottommost
367 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line -1 and extends
368 to line "-$term->nsaved". Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent
369 line is requested.
370
371 If $new_text is specified, it will replace characters in the current
372 line, starting at column $start_col (default 0), which is useful to
373 replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
374 automatically be updated.
375
376 $text is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use
377 more than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR
378 characters ("chr 65535"). Characters with combining characters and
379 other characters that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will
380 be replaced with characters in the private use area.
381
382 You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
383 that "substr" and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
384 characters.
385
386 The methods "$term->special_encode" and "$term->special_decode" can
387 be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
388
389 $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
390 Like "$term->ROW_t", but returns an arrayref with rendition bitsets.
391 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
392 styles and similar information. See also "$term->ROW_t".
393
394 When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
395
396 See the section on RENDITION, above.
397
398 $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
399 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
400 length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns "$term->ncol" if the
401 line is joined with the following one.
402
403 $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
404 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line"
405 (i.e. joined with the following row), which means all characters are
406 in use and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a
407 continuation of the previous row(s)).
408
409 $line = $term->line ($row_number)
410 Create and return a new "urxvt::line" object that stores information
411 about the logical line that row $row_number is part of. It supports
412 the following methods:
413
414 $text = $line->t
415 Returns the full text of the line, similar to "ROW_t"
416
417 $rend = $line->r
418 Returns the full rendition array of the line, similar to "ROW_r"
419
420 $length = $line->l
421 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to "ROW_l".
422
423 $rownum = $line->beg
424 $rownum = $line->end
425 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line,
426 respectively.
427
428 $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
429 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within
430 the logical line.
431
432 ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
433 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
434
435 ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset) =item $text =
436 $term->special_encode $string
437 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by
438 rxvt-unicode, where one character corresponds to one screen cell.
439 See "$term->ROW_t" for details.
440
441 $string = $term->special_decode $text
442 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
443 "$term->ROW_t" for details.
444
445 The "urxvt::timer" Class
446 This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
447 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
448
449 $term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
450 $term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
451 ->new
452 ->interval (1)
453 ->cb (sub {
454 $term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
455 sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
456 });
457
458 $timer = new urxvt::timer
459 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
460 immediately.
461
462 $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
463 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
464
465 $tstamp = $timer->at
466 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
467
468 $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
469 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
470
471 $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
472 Normally (and when $interval is 0), the timer will automatically
473 stop after it has fired once. If $interval is non-zero, then the
474 timer is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
475
476 $timer = $timer->start
477 Start the timer.
478
479 $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
480 Set the event trigger time to $tstamp and start the timer.
481
482 $timer = $timer->stop
483 Stop the timer.
484
485 The "urxvt::iow" Class
486 This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
487
488 $term->{socket} = ...
489 $term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
490 ->new
491 ->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
492 ->events (1) # wait for read data
493 ->start
494 ->cb (sub {
495 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
496 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
497 sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
498 or end-of-file;
499 });
500
501 $iow = new urxvt::iow
502 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
503
504 $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })
505 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered.
506 $reventmask is a bitset as described in the "events" method.
507
508 $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
509 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
510
511 $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
512 Set the event mask to watch. Bit #0 (value 1) enables watching for
513 read data, Bit #1 (value 2) enables watching for write data.
514
515 $iow = $iow->start
516 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
517
518 $iow = $iow->stop
519 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
520
521 ENVIRONMENT
522 URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY
523 This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
524 numbers indicate more verbose output.
525
526 =0 - only fatal messages
527 =3 - script loading and management
528 =10 - all events received
529
530 AUTHOR
531 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
532 http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode
533