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Revision 1.65 by sf-exg, Wed Jun 20 18:18:14 2012 UTC vs.
Revision 1.68 by root, Sun Jul 1 21:47:07 2012 UTC

73 } else { 73 } else {
74 return load "$HOME/sunday.png"; 74 return load "$HOME/sunday.png";
75 } 75 }
76 } 76 }
77 77
78This expression is evaluated once per hour. It will set F<sunday.png> as 78This inner expression is evaluated once per hour (and whenever the
79temrinal window is resized). It sets F<sunday.png> as background on
79background on Sundays, and F<weekday.png> on all other days. 80Sundays, and F<weekday.png> on all other days.
80 81
81Fortunately, we expect that most expressions will be much simpler, with 82Fortunately, we expect that most expressions will be much simpler, with
82little Perl knowledge needed. 83little Perl knowledge needed.
83 84
84Basically, you always start with a function that "generates" an image 85Basically, you always start with a function that "generates" an image
117horizontal and vertical dimensions. For example, this halves the image 118horizontal and vertical dimensions. For example, this halves the image
118width and doubles the image height: 119width and doubles the image height:
119 120
120 scale 0.5, 2, load "$HOME/mypic.png" 121 scale 0.5, 2, load "$HOME/mypic.png"
121 122
122IF you try out these expressions, you might suffer from sluggishness, 123IF you try out these expressions, you might suffer from some sluggishness,
123because each time the terminal is resized, it again loads the PNG image 124because each time the terminal is resized, it loads the PNG image agin
124and scales it. Scaling is usually fast, but loading the image can be quite 125and scales it. Scaling is usually fast (and unavoidable), but loading the
125time consuming. This is where C<keep> comes in handy: 126image can be quite time consuming. This is where C<keep> comes in handy:
126 127
127 scale 0.5, 2, keep { load "$HOME/mypic.png" } 128 scale 0.5, 2, keep { load "$HOME/mypic.png" }
128 129
129The C<keep> operator executes all the statements inside the braces only 130The C<keep> operator executes all the statements inside the braces only
130once, or when it thinks the outcome might change. In other cases it 131once, or when it thinks the outcome might change. In other cases it
172... }>. The C<keep> operator takes a block of multiple statements enclosed 173... }>. The C<keep> operator takes a block of multiple statements enclosed
173by C<{}> and keeps the return value in memory. 174by C<{}> and keeps the return value in memory.
174 175
175An expression can be "sensitive" to various external events, such as 176An expression can be "sensitive" to various external events, such as
176scaling or moving the window, root background changes and timers. Simply 177scaling or moving the window, root background changes and timers. Simply
177using an expression (such as C<scale> without parameters) that depend on 178using an expression (such as C<scale> without parameters) that depends on
178certain changing values (called "variables"), or using those variables 179certain changing values (called "variables"), or using those variables
179directly, will make an expression sensitive to these events - for example, 180directly, will make an expression sensitive to these events - for example,
180using C<scale> or C<TW> will make the expression sensitive to the terminal 181using C<scale> or C<TW> will make the expression sensitive to the terminal
181size, and thus to resizing events. 182size, and thus to resizing events.
182 183
183When such an event happens, C<keep> will automatically trigger a 184When such an event happens, C<keep> will automatically trigger a
184reevaluation of the whole expression with the new value of the expression. 185reevaluation of the whole expression with the new value of the expression.
185 186
186C<keep> is most useful for expensive operations, such as C<blur>: 187C<keep> is most useful for expensive operations, such as C<blur>:
187 188
188 rootalign once { blur 20, root } 189 rootalign keep { blur 20, root }
189 190
190This makes a blurred copy of the root background once, and on subsequent 191This makes a blurred copy of the root background once, and on subsequent
191calls, just root-aligns it. Since C<blur> is usually quite slow and 192calls, just root-aligns it. Since C<blur> is usually quite slow and
192C<rootalign> is quite fast, this trades extra memory (for the cached 193C<rootalign> is quite fast, this trades extra memory (for the cached
193blurred pixmap) with speed (blur only needs to be redone when root 194blurred pixmap) with speed (blur only needs to be redone when root
845Anything that didn't fit any of the other categories, even after applying 846Anything that didn't fit any of the other categories, even after applying
846force and closing our eyes. 847force and closing our eyes.
847 848
848=over 4 849=over 4
849 850
850=item once { ... } 851=item keep { ... }
851 852
852This function takes a code block as argument, that is, one or more 853This operator takes a code block as argument, that is, one or more
853statements enclosed by braces. 854statements enclosed by braces.
854 855
855The trick is that this code block is only evaluated once - future calls 856The trick is that this code block is only evaluated when the outcome
856will simply return the original image (yes, it should only be used with 857changes - on other calls the C<keep> simply returns the image it computed
857images). 858previously (yes, it should only be used with images). Or in other words,
859C<keep> I<caches> the result of the code block so it doesn't need to be
860computed again.
858 861
859This can be extremely useful to avoid redoing the same slow operations 862This can be extremely useful to avoid redoing slow operations - for
860again and again- for example, if your background expression takes the root 863example, if your background expression takes the root background, blurs it
861background, blurs it and then root-aligns it it would have to blur the 864and then root-aligns it it would have to blur the root background on every
862root background on every window move or resize. 865window move or resize.
866
867Another example is C<load>, which can be quite slow.
863 868
864In fact, urxvt itself encloses the whole expression in some kind of 869In fact, urxvt itself encloses the whole expression in some kind of
865C<once> block so it only is reevaluated as required. 870C<keep> block so it only is reevaluated as required.
866 871
867Putting the blur into a C<once> block will make sure the blur is only done 872Putting the blur into a C<keep> block will make sure the blur is only done
868once: 873once, while the C<rootalign> is still done each time the window moves.
869 874
870 rootlign once { blur 10, root } 875 rootlign keep { blur 10, root }
871 876
872This leaves the question of how to force reevaluation of the block, 877This leaves the question of how to force reevaluation of the block,
873in case the root background changes: If expression inside the block 878in case the root background changes: If expression inside the block
874is sensitive to some event (root background changes, window geometry 879is sensitive to some event (root background changes, window geometry
875changes), then it will be reevaluated automatically as needed. 880changes), then it will be reevaluated automatically as needed.
876 881
877=item once_again
878
879Resets all C<once> block as if they had never been called, i.e. on the
880next call they will be reevaluated again.
881
882=cut 882=cut
883 883
884 sub once(&) { 884 sub keep(&) {
885 my $id = $_[0]+0; 885 my $id = $_[0]+0;
886 886
887 local $frame = $self->{frame_cache}{$id} ||= [$frame]; 887 local $frame = $self->{frame_cache}{$id} ||= [$frame];
888 888
889 unless ($frame->[FR_CACHE]) { 889 unless ($frame->[FR_CACHE]) {
907 wantarray 907 wantarray
908 ? @{ $frame->[FR_CACHE] } 908 ? @{ $frame->[FR_CACHE] }
909 : $frame->[FR_CACHE][0] 909 : $frame->[FR_CACHE][0]
910 } 910 }
911 911
912 sub once_again() { 912# sub keep_clear() {
913 delete $self->{frame_cache}; 913# delete $self->{frame_cache};
914 } 914# }
915 915
916=back 916=back
917 917
918=cut 918=cut
919 919

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