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Revision 1.64 by root, Tue Jun 19 20:49:53 2012 UTC vs.
Revision 1.69 by root, Mon Jul 2 01:32:26 2012 UTC

73 } else { 73 } else {
74 return load "$HOME/sunday.png"; 74 return load "$HOME/sunday.png";
75 } 75 }
76 } 76 }
77 77
78This expression is evaluated once per hour. It will set F<sunday.png> as 78This inner expression is evaluated once per hour (and whenever the
79temrinal window is resized). It sets F<sunday.png> as background on
79background on Sundays, and F<weekday.png> on all other days. 80Sundays, and F<weekday.png> on all other days.
80 81
81Fortunately, we expect that most expressions will be much simpler, with 82Fortunately, we expect that most expressions will be much simpler, with
82little Perl knowledge needed. 83little Perl knowledge needed.
83 84
84Basically, you always start with a function that "generates" an image 85Basically, you always start with a function that "generates" an image
117horizontal and vertical dimensions. For example, this halves the image 118horizontal and vertical dimensions. For example, this halves the image
118width and doubles the image height: 119width and doubles the image height:
119 120
120 scale 0.5, 2, load "$HOME/mypic.png" 121 scale 0.5, 2, load "$HOME/mypic.png"
121 122
122IF you try out these expressions, you might suffer from sluggishness, 123IF you try out these expressions, you might suffer from some sluggishness,
123because each time the terminal is resized, it again loads the PNG image 124because each time the terminal is resized, it loads the PNG image agin
124and scales it. Scaling is usually fats, but loading the image can be quite 125and scales it. Scaling is usually fast (and unavoidable), but loading the
125time consuming. This is where C<keep> comes in handy: 126image can be quite time consuming. This is where C<keep> comes in handy:
126 127
127 scale 0.5, 2, keep { load "$HOME/mypic.png" } 128 scale 0.5, 2, keep { load "$HOME/mypic.png" }
128 129
129The C<keep> operator executes all the statements inside the braces only 130The C<keep> operator executes all the statements inside the braces only
130once, or when it thinks the outcome might change. In other cases it 131once, or when it thinks the outcome might change. In other cases it
131returns the last value computed by the brace block. 132returns the last value computed by the brace block.
132 133
133This means that the C<load> is only executed once, which makes it much 134This means that the C<load> is only executed once, which makes it much
134faster, but alos means that more memory is being used, because the loaded 135faster, but also means that more memory is being used, because the loaded
135image must be kept in memory at all times. In this expression, the 136image must be kept in memory at all times. In this expression, the
136trade-off is likely worth it. 137trade-off is likely worth it.
137 138
138But back to effects: Other effects than scaling are also readily 139But back to effects: Other effects than scaling are also readily
139available, for example, you can tile the image to fill the whole window, 140available, for example, you can tile the image to fill the whole window,
152Another common background expression is: 153Another common background expression is:
153 154
154 rootalign root 155 rootalign root
155 156
156This one first takes a snapshot of the screen background image, and then 157This one first takes a snapshot of the screen background image, and then
157moves it to the upper left corner of the screen (as opposed to the upepr 158moves it to the upper left corner of the screen (as opposed to the upper
158left corner of the terminal window)- the result is pseudo-transparency: 159left corner of the terminal window)- the result is pseudo-transparency:
159the image seems to be static while the window is moved around. 160the image seems to be static while the window is moved around.
160 161
161=head2 CACHING AND SENSITIVITY 162=head2 CACHING AND SENSITIVITY
162 163
171The most important way to cache expensive operations is to use C<keep { 172The most important way to cache expensive operations is to use C<keep {
172... }>. The C<keep> operator takes a block of multiple statements enclosed 173... }>. The C<keep> operator takes a block of multiple statements enclosed
173by C<{}> and keeps the return value in memory. 174by C<{}> and keeps the return value in memory.
174 175
175An expression can be "sensitive" to various external events, such as 176An expression can be "sensitive" to various external events, such as
176scaling or moving the window, root backgorund changes and timers. Simply 177scaling or moving the window, root background changes and timers. Simply
177using an expression (such as C<scale> without parameters) that depend on 178using an expression (such as C<scale> without parameters) that depends on
178certain changing values (called "variables"), or using those variables 179certain changing values (called "variables"), or using those variables
179directly, will make an expression sensitive to these events - for example, 180directly, will make an expression sensitive to these events - for example,
180using C<scale> or C<TW> will make the expression sensitive to the terminal 181using C<scale> or C<TW> will make the expression sensitive to the terminal
181size, and thus to resizing events. 182size, and thus to resizing events.
182 183
183When such an event happens, C<keep> will automatically trigger a 184When such an event happens, C<keep> will automatically trigger a
184reevaluation of the whole expression with the new value of the expression. 185reevaluation of the whole expression with the new value of the expression.
185 186
186C<keep> is most useful for expensive operations, such as C<blur>: 187C<keep> is most useful for expensive operations, such as C<blur>:
187 188
188 rootalign once { blur 20, root } 189 rootalign keep { blur 20, root }
189 190
190This makes a blurred copy of the root background once, and on subsequent 191This makes a blurred copy of the root background once, and on subsequent
191calls, just root-aligns it. Since C<blur> is usually quite slow and 192calls, just root-aligns it. Since C<blur> is usually quite slow and
192C<rootalign> is quite fast, this trades extra memory (for the cached 193C<rootalign> is quite fast, this trades extra memory (for the cached
193blurred pixmap) with speed (blur only needs to be redone when root 194blurred pixmap) with speed (blur only needs to be redone when root
266=item load $path 267=item load $path
267 268
268Loads the image at the given C<$path>. The image is set to plane tiling 269Loads the image at the given C<$path>. The image is set to plane tiling
269mode. 270mode.
270 271
271If the image is already in memory (e.g. because another temrinal instance 272If the image is already in memory (e.g. because another terminal instance
272uses it), then the in-memory copy us returned instead. 273uses it), then the in-memory copy us returned instead.
273 274
274=item load_uc $path 275=item load_uc $path
275 276
276Load uncached - same as load, but does not cache the image, which means it 277Load uncached - same as load, but does not cache the image, which means it
277is I<always> loaded from the filesystem again. 278is I<always> loaded from the filesystem again.
278 279
279=cut 280=cut
280 281
281 sub load_uc($) {
282 $self->new_img_from_file ($path)
283 }
284
285 sub load($) { 282 sub load($) {
286 my ($path) = @_; 283 my ($path) = @_;
287 284
288 $_IMG_CACHE{$path} || do { 285 $_IMG_CACHE{$path} || do {
289 my $img = load_uc $path; 286 my $img = $self->new_img_from_file ($path);
290 Scalar::Util::weaken ($_IMG_CACHE{$path} = $img); 287 Scalar::Util::weaken ($_IMG_CACHE{$path} = $img);
291 $img 288 $img
292 } 289 }
293 } 290 }
294 291
340 337
341=item merge $img ... 338=item merge $img ...
342 339
343Takes any number of images and merges them together, creating a single 340Takes any number of images and merges them together, creating a single
344image containing them all. The tiling mode of the first image is used as 341image containing them all. The tiling mode of the first image is used as
345the tiling mdoe of the resulting image. 342the tiling mode of the resulting image.
346 343
347This function is called automatically when an expression returns multiple 344This function is called automatically when an expression returns multiple
348images. 345images.
349 346
350=cut 347=cut
845Anything that didn't fit any of the other categories, even after applying 842Anything that didn't fit any of the other categories, even after applying
846force and closing our eyes. 843force and closing our eyes.
847 844
848=over 4 845=over 4
849 846
850=item once { ... } 847=item keep { ... }
851 848
852This function takes a code block as argument, that is, one or more 849This operator takes a code block as argument, that is, one or more
853statements enclosed by braces. 850statements enclosed by braces.
854 851
855The trick is that this code block is only evaluated once - future calls 852The trick is that this code block is only evaluated when the outcome
856will simply return the original image (yes, it should only be used with 853changes - on other calls the C<keep> simply returns the image it computed
857images). 854previously (yes, it should only be used with images). Or in other words,
855C<keep> I<caches> the result of the code block so it doesn't need to be
856computed again.
858 857
859This can be extremely useful to avoid redoing the same slow operations 858This can be extremely useful to avoid redoing slow operations - for
860again and again- for example, if your background expression takes the root 859example, if your background expression takes the root background, blurs it
861background, blurs it and then root-aligns it it would have to blur the 860and then root-aligns it it would have to blur the root background on every
862root background on every window move or resize. 861window move or resize.
862
863Another example is C<load>, which can be quite slow.
863 864
864In fact, urxvt itself encloses the whole expression in some kind of 865In fact, urxvt itself encloses the whole expression in some kind of
865C<once> block so it only is reevaluated as required. 866C<keep> block so it only is reevaluated as required.
866 867
867Putting the blur into a C<once> block will make sure the blur is only done 868Putting the blur into a C<keep> block will make sure the blur is only done
868once: 869once, while the C<rootalign> is still done each time the window moves.
869 870
870 rootlign once { blur 10, root } 871 rootlign keep { blur 10, root }
871 872
872This leaves the question of how to force reevaluation of the block, 873This leaves the question of how to force reevaluation of the block,
873in case the root background changes: If expression inside the block 874in case the root background changes: If expression inside the block
874is sensitive to some event (root background changes, window geometry 875is sensitive to some event (root background changes, window geometry
875changes), then it will be reevaluated automatically as needed. 876changes), then it will be reevaluated automatically as needed.
876 877
877=item once_again
878
879Resets all C<once> block as if they had never been called, i.e. on the
880next call they will be reevaluated again.
881
882=cut 878=cut
883 879
884 sub once(&) { 880 sub keep(&) {
885 my $id = $_[0]+0; 881 my $id = $_[0]+0;
886 882
887 local $frame = $self->{frame_cache}{$id} ||= [$frame]; 883 local $frame = $self->{frame_cache}{$id} ||= [$frame];
888 884
889 unless ($frame->[FR_CACHE]) { 885 unless ($frame->[FR_CACHE]) {
907 wantarray 903 wantarray
908 ? @{ $frame->[FR_CACHE] } 904 ? @{ $frame->[FR_CACHE] }
909 : $frame->[FR_CACHE][0] 905 : $frame->[FR_CACHE][0]
910 } 906 }
911 907
912 sub once_again() { 908# sub keep_clear() {
913 delete $self->{frame_cache}; 909# delete $self->{frame_cache};
914 } 910# }
915 911
916=back 912=back
917 913
918=cut 914=cut
919 915

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