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Revision 1.9 by root, Mon Jan 2 20:40:20 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.113 by root, Fri Jan 20 10:27:08 2006 UTC

		1	=encoding utf8
		2
1	=head1 NAME	3	=head1 NAME
2		4
3	rxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter	5	@@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
4		6
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	7	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		8
7	* Put your scripts into F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>, they will be loaded automatically.	9	# create a file grab_test in $HOME:
8
9	* Scripts are evaluated in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
10	thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
11		10
12	sub on_sel_grab {	11	sub on_sel_grab {
13	warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;	12	warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
14	()	13	()
15	}	14	}
16		15
17	1	16	# start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
		17
		18	@@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
18		19
19	=head1 DESCRIPTION	20	=head1 DESCRIPTION
20		21
21	Everytime a terminal object gets created, scripts specified via the	22	Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
22	C<perl> resource are associated with it.	23	the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
		24
		25	Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
		26	thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
23		27
24	Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where	28	Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
25	scripts will be shared (But not enabled) for all terminals.	29	scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
		30
		31	=head1 PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS
		32
		33	This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
		34	find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
		35
		36	You can activate them like this:
		37
		38	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
		39
		40	Or by adding them to the resource for extensions loaded by default:
		41
		42	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,automove-background,selection-autotransform
		43
		44	=over 4
		45
		46	=item selection (enabled by default)
		47
		48	(More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
		49	when the user extends selections (double-click and further clicks). Right
		50	now, it tries to select words, urls and complete shell-quoted
		51	arguments, which is very convenient, too, if your F<ls> supports
		52	C<--quoting-style=shell>.
		53
		54	A double-click usually selects the word under the cursor, further clicks
		55	will enlarge the selection.
		56
		57	The selection works by trying to match a number of regexes and displaying
		58	them in increasing order of length. You can add your own regexes by
		59	specifying resources of the form:
		60
		61	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: perl-regex
		62	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: perl-regex
		63	...
		64
		65	The index number (0, 1...) must not have any holes, and each regex must
		66	contain at least one pair of capturing parentheses, which will be used for
		67	the match. For example, the followign adds a regex that matches everything
		68	between two vertical bars:
		69
		70	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: \\|([^|]+)\\|
		71
		72	You can look at the source of the selection extension to see more
		73	interesting uses, such as parsing a line from beginning to end.
		74
		75	This extension also offers following bindable keyboard commands:
		76
		77	=over 4
		78
		79	=item rot13
		80
		81	Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
		82
		83	URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
		84
		85	=back
		86
		87	=item option-popup (enabled by default)
		88
		89	Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
		90	runtime.
		91
		92	=item selection-popup (enabled by default)
		93
		94	Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
		95	text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
		96	evalution, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
		97
		98	Other extensions can extend this popup menu by pushing a code reference
		99	onto C<@{ $term->{selection_popup_hook} }>, that is called whenever the
		100	popup is displayed.
		101
		102	It's sole argument is the popup menu, which can be modified. The selection
		103	is in C<$_>, which can be used to decide wether to add something or not.
		104	It should either return nothing or a string and a code reference. The
		105	string will be used as button text and the code reference will be called
		106	when the button gets activated and should transform C<$_>.
		107
		108	The following will add an entry C<a to b> that transforms all C<a>s in
		109	the selection to C<b>s, but only if the selection currently contains any
		110	C<a>s:
		111
		112	push @{ $self->{term}{selection_popup_hook} }, sub {
		113	/a/ ? ("a to be" => sub { s/a/b/g }
		114	: ()
		115	};
		116
		117	=item searchable-scrollback<hotkey> (enabled by default)
		118
		119	Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
		120	by a hotkey (default: C<M-s>). While in search mode, normal terminal
		121	input/output is suspended and a regex is displayed at the bottom of the
		122	screen.
		123
		124	Inputting characters appends them to the regex and continues incremental
		125	search. C<BackSpace> removes a character from the regex, C<Up> and C<Down>
		126	search upwards/downwards in the scrollback buffer, C<End> jumps to the
		127	bottom. C<Escape> leaves search mode and returns to the point where search
		128	was started, while C<Enter> or C<Return> stay at the current position and
		129	additionally stores the first match in the current line into the primary
		130	selection.
		131
		132	=item selection-autotransform
		133
		134	This selection allows you to do automatic transforms on a selection
		135	whenever a selection is made.
		136
		137	It works by specifying perl snippets (most useful is a single C<s///>
		138	operator) that modify C<$_> as resources:
		139
		140	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: transform
		141	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: transform
		142	...
		143
		144	For example, the following will transform selections of the form
		145	C<filename:number>, often seen in compiler messages, into C<vi +$filename
		146	$word>:
		147
		148	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/vi +$2 \\Q$1\\E\\x0d/
		149
		150	And this example matches the same,but replaces it with vi-commands you can
		151	paste directly into your (vi :) editor:
		152
		153	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		154
		155	Of course, this can be modified to suit your needs and your editor :)
		156
		157	To expand the example above to typical perl error messages ("XXX at
		158	FILENAME line YYY."), you need a slightly more elaborate solution:
		159
		160	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+[,.])
		161	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)[,.]$/:e \\Q$1\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		162
		163	The first line tells the selection code to treat the unchanging part of
		164	every error message as a selection pattern, and the second line transforms
		165	the message into vi commands to load the file.
		166
		167	=item mark-urls
		168
		169	Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline urls and
		170	make them clickable. When middle-clicked, the program specified in the
		171	resource C<urlLauncher> (default C<x-www-browser>) will be started with
		172	the URL as first argument.
		173
		174	=item automove-background
		175
		176	This is basically a one-line extension that dynamically changes the background pixmap offset
		177	to the window position, in effect creating the same effect as pseudo transparency with
		178	a custom pixmap. No scaling is supported in this mode. Exmaple:
		179
		180	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		181
		182	=item block-graphics-to-ascii
		183
		184	A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
		185	by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
		186	similar-looking ascii character.
		187
		188	=item digital-clock
		189
		190	Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
		191
		192	=item example-refresh-hooks
		193
		194	Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
		195	window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
		196	overlays or changes.
		197
		198	=item selection-pastebin
		199
		200	This is a little rarely useful extension that Uploads the selection as
		201	textfile to a remote site (or does other things). (The implementation is
		202	not currently secure for use in a multiuser environment as it writes to
		203	F</tmp> directly.).
		204
		205	It listens to the C<selection-pastebin:remote-pastebin> keyboard command,
		206	i.e.
		207
		208	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: perl:selection-pastebin:remote-pastebin
		209
		210	Pressing this combination runs a command with C<%> replaced by the name of
		211	the textfile. This command can be set via a resource:
		212
		213	URxvt.selection-pastebin.cmd: rsync -apP % ruth:/var/www/www.ta-sa.org/files/txt/.
		214
		215	And the default is likely not useful to anybody but the few people around
		216	here :)
		217
		218	The name of the textfile is the hex encoded md5 sum of the selection, so
		219	the same content should lead to the same filename.
		220
		221	After a successful upload the selection will be replaced by the text given
		222	in the C<selection-pastebin-url> resource (again, the % is the placeholder
		223	for the filename):
		224
		225	URxvt.selection-pastebin.url: http://www.ta-sa.org/files/txt/%
		226
		227	=back
		228
		229	=head1 API DOCUMENTATION
26		230
27	=head2 General API Considerations	231	=head2 General API Considerations
28		232
29	All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical	233	All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
30	reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you	234	reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
31	like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or	235	like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
32	C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and must not be accessed or	236	C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
33	modified).	237	modified).
34		238
35	When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are	239	When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
36	emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and	240	emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
37	the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the	241	the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
38	terminal is destroyed.	242	terminal is destroyed.
39		243
		244	Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
		245	hints on what they mean:
		246
		247	=over 4
		248
		249	=item $text
		250
		251	Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
		252	always represents one screen cell. See L<ROW_t> for a discussion of this format.
		253
		254	=item $string
		255
		256	A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
		257	characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
		258	encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
		259
		260	=item $octets
		261
		262	Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
		263	locale-specific way.
		264
		265	=back
		266
		267	=head2 Extension Objects
		268
		269	Very perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
		270	for each terminal and each extension and passed as the first parameter to
		271	hooks. So extensions can use their C<$self> object without having to think
		272	about other extensions, with the exception of methods and members that
		273	begin with an underscore character C<_>: these are reserved for internal
		274	use.
		275
		276	Although it isn't a C<urxvt::term> object, you can call all methods of the
		277	C<urxvt::term> class on this object.
		278
		279	It has the following methods and data members:
		280
		281	=over 4
		282
		283	=item $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
		284
		285	Returns the C<urxvt::term> object associated with this instance of the
		286	extension. This member I<must not> be changed in any way.
		287
		288	=item $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb, [$hook_name => $cb..])
		289
		290	Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the C<on_> prefix) for
		291	this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
		292	to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
		293
		294	=item $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
		295
		296	Dynamically disable the given hooks.
		297
		298	=back
		299
40	=head2 Hooks	300	=head2 Hooks
41		301
42	The following subroutines can be declared in loaded scripts, and will be called	302	The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
43	whenever the relevant event happens.	303	called whenever the relevant event happens.
44		304
45	All of them must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the event	305	The first argument passed to them is an extension oject as described in
46	counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is skipped,	306	the in the C<Extension Objects> section.
		307
		308	B<All> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If any of the called
		309	hooks returns true, then the event counts as being I<consumed>, and the
47	and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.	310	relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
48		311
49	When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>).	312	I<< When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>). >>
50		313
51	=over 4	314	=over 4
52		315
53	=item on_init $term	316	=item on_init $term
54		317
55	Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before	318	Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
56	windows are created or the command gets run.	319	windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
		320	call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
		321	have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources
		322	and options, though. For many purposes the C<on_start> hook is a better
		323	place.
		324
		325	=item on_start $term
		326
		327	Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
		328	trying to map (display) the toplevel and returning to the mainloop.
		329
		330	=item on_destroy $term
		331
		332	Called whenever something tries to destroy terminal, before doing anything
		333	yet. If this hook returns true, then destruction is skipped, but this is
		334	rarely a good idea.
57		335
58	=item on_reset $term	336	=item on_reset $term
59		337
60	Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or	338	Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
61	control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related	339	control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
62	variables.	340	variables.
63		341
64	=item on_start $term	342	=item on_child_start $term, $pid
65		343
66	Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before	344	Called just after the child process has been C<fork>ed.
67	returning to the mainloop.	345
		346	=item on_child_exit $term, $status
		347
		348	Called just after the child process has exited. C<$status> is the status
		349	from C<waitpid>.
68		350
69	=item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime	351	=item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
70		352
71	Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the	353	Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
72	selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the	354	selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
…		…
81	requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed	363	requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
82	by calling C<< $term->selection >>.	364	by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
83		365
84	Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.	366	Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.
85		367
86	=item on_focus_in $term	368	=item on_sel_extend $term
87		369
88	Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before urxvt does	370	Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
89	focus in processing.	371	click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
		372	should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
		373	processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
		374	returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
		375	supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
90		376
91	=item on_focus_out $term	377	See the F<selection> example extension.
92
93	Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before urxvt does focus
94	out processing.
95		378
96	=item on_view_change $term, $offset	379	=item on_view_change $term, $offset
97		380
98	Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program	381	Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
99	scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values	382	scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
…		…
107		390
108	It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,	391	It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
109	$nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total	392	$nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
110	number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.	393	number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
111		394
112	=item on_tty_activity $term *NYI*	395	=item on_osc_seq $term, $string
113		396
114	Called whenever the program(s) running in the urxvt window send output.	397	Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
		398	operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
		399	information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
		400	string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
		401	it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
		402	future.
		403
		404	Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
		405	as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
		406	other users on the same system etc.).
		407
		408	=item on_add_lines $term, $string
		409
		410	Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
		411	can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
		412	and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
		413	might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
		414	output.
		415
		416	=item on_tt_write $term, $octets
		417
		418	Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
		419	suppress or filter tty input.
		420
		421	=item on_line_update $term, $row
		422
		423	Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
		424	screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
		425	that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
		426	not always immediately.
		427
		428	The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
		429	multiple rows.
		430
		431	Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
		432	later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
		433	you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
115		434
116	=item on_refresh_begin $term	435	=item on_refresh_begin $term
117		436
118	Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay	437	Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
119	or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and	438	or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
…		…
122		441
123	=item on_refresh_end $term	442	=item on_refresh_end $term
124		443
125	Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.	444	Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
126		445
		446	=item on_keyboard_command $term, $string
		447
		448	Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
		449	C<perl:string> action bound to it (see description of the B<keysym>
		450	resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
		451
		452	=item on_x_event $term, $event
		453
		454	Called on every X event received on the vt window (and possibly other
		455	windows). Should only be used as a last resort. Most event structure
		456	members are not passed.
		457
		458	=item on_focus_in $term
		459
		460	Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
		461	does focus in processing.
		462
		463	=item on_focus_out $term
		464
		465	Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
		466	focus out processing.
		467
		468	=item on_configure_notify $term, $event
		469
		470	=item on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
		471
		472	=item on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
		473
		474	=item on_button_press $term, $event
		475
		476	=item on_button_release $term, $event
		477
		478	=item on_motion_notify $term, $event
		479
		480	=item on_map_notify $term, $event
		481
		482	=item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
		483
		484	Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
		485	the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
		486
		487	The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
		488	manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the row
		489	and column under the mouse cursor.
		490
		491	C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
		492	output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
		493
		494	subwindow.
		495
		496	=back
		497
		498	=cut
		499
		500	package urxvt;
		501
		502	use utf8;
		503	use strict;
		504	use Carp ();
		505	use Scalar::Util ();
		506	use List::Util ();
		507
		508	our $VERSION = 1;
		509	our $TERM;
		510	our @TERM_INIT;
		511	our @TERM_EXT;
		512	our @HOOKNAME;
		513	our %HOOKTYPE = map +($HOOKNAME[$_] => $_), 0..$#HOOKNAME;
		514	our %OPTION;
		515
		516	our $LIBDIR;
		517	our $RESNAME;
		518	our $RESCLASS;
		519	our $RXVTNAME;
		520
		521	=head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
		522
		523	=over 4
		524
		525	=item $urxvt::LIBDIR
		526
		527	The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
		528	modules and scripts are stored.
		529
		530	=item $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
		531
		532	The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
		533
		534	=item $urxvt::RXVTNAME
		535
		536	The basename of the installed binaries, usually C<urxvt>.
		537
		538	=item $urxvt::TERM
		539
		540	The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
		541	object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
		542
		543	=item @urxvt::TERM_INIT
		544
		545	All coderefs in this array will be called as methods of the next newly
		546	created C<urxvt::term> object (during the C<on_init> phase). The array
		547	gets cleared before the codereferences that were in it are being executed,
		548	so coderefs can push themselves onto it again if they so desire.
		549
		550	This complements to the perl-eval commandline option, but gets executed
		551	first.
		552
		553	=item @urxvt::TERM_EXT
		554
		555	Works similar to C<@TERM_INIT>, but contains perl package/class names, which
		556	get registered as normal extensions after calling the hooks in C<@TERM_INIT>
		557	but before other extensions. Gets cleared just like C<@TERM_INIT>.
		558
127	=back	559	=back
128		560
129	=head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package	561	=head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
130		562
131	=over 4	563	=over 4
…		…
143	that calls this function.	575	that calls this function.
144		576
145	Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the	577	Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
146	correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.	578	correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
147		579
		580	Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
		581
148	=item $time = urxvt::NOW	582	=item $time = urxvt::NOW
149		583
150	Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).	584	Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
151		585
152	=cut	586	=item urxvt::CurrentTime
153		587
154	package urxvt;	588	=item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
		589	Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
		590	Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
155		591
156	use strict;	592	=item urxvt::NoEventMask, KeyPressMask, KeyReleaseMask,
		593	ButtonPressMask, ButtonReleaseMask, EnterWindowMask, LeaveWindowMask,
		594	PointerMotionMask, PointerMotionHintMask, Button1MotionMask, Button2MotionMask,
		595	Button3MotionMask, Button4MotionMask, Button5MotionMask, ButtonMotionMask,
		596	KeymapStateMask, ExposureMask, VisibilityChangeMask, StructureNotifyMask,
		597	ResizeRedirectMask, SubstructureNotifyMask, SubstructureRedirectMask,
		598	FocusChangeMask, PropertyChangeMask, ColormapChangeMask, OwnerGrabButtonMask
157		599
158	our $term;	600	=item urxvt::KeyPress, KeyRelease, ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, MotionNotify,
159	our @HOOKNAME;	601	EnterNotify, LeaveNotify, FocusIn, FocusOut, KeymapNotify, Expose,
160	our $LIBDIR;	602	GraphicsExpose, NoExpose, VisibilityNotify, CreateNotify, DestroyNotify,
		603	UnmapNotify, MapNotify, MapRequest, ReparentNotify, ConfigureNotify,
		604	ConfigureRequest, GravityNotify, ResizeRequest, CirculateNotify,
		605	CirculateRequest, PropertyNotify, SelectionClear, SelectionRequest,
		606	SelectionNotify, ColormapNotify, ClientMessage, MappingNotify
		607
		608	Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
		609
		610	=back
		611
		612	=head2 RENDITION
		613
		614	Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
		615	similar information for each screen cell.
		616
		617	The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
		618	never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
		619	as they contain important information required for correct operation of
		620	rxvt-unicode.
		621
		622	=over 4
		623
		624	=item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
		625
		626	Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
		627	being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
		628
		629	=item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
		630
		631	Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
		632
		633	=item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
		634
		635	Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
		636	underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
		637	the bitset.
		638
		639	=item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
		640
		641	=item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
		642
		643	Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
		644
		645	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
		646
		647	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
		648
		649	Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
		650	specified one.
		651
		652	=item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
		653
		654	Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
		655	extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
		656	zero.
		657
		658	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
		659
		660	Change the custom value.
		661
		662	=back
		663
		664	=cut
161		665
162	BEGIN {	666	BEGIN {
163	urxvt->bootstrap;
164
165	# overwrite perl's warn	667	# overwrite perl's warn
166	*CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {	668	*CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
167	my $msg = join "", @_;	669	my $msg = join "", @_;
168	$msg .= "\n"	670	$msg .= "\n"
169	unless $msg =~ /\n$/;	671	unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
170	urxvt::warn ($msg);	672	urxvt::warn ($msg);
171	};	673	};
172	}	674	}
173		675
174	my @hook_count;
175	my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};	676	my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
176		677
177	sub verbose {	678	sub verbose {
178	my ($level, $msg) = @_;	679	my ($level, $msg) = @_;
179	warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;	680	warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
180	}	681	}
181		682
182	# find on_xxx subs in the package and register them	683	my %extension_pkg;
183	# as hooks
184	sub register_package($) {
185	my ($pkg) = @_;
186
187	for my $htype (0.. $#HOOKNAME) {
188	my $name = $HOOKNAME[$htype];
189
190	my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)
191	or next;
192
193	$term->{_hook}[$htype]{$ref*1} = $ref;
194	$hook_count[$htype]++
195	or set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
196	}
197	}
198
199	my $script_pkg = "script0000";
200	my %script_pkg;
201		684
202	# load a single script into its own package, once only	685	# load a single script into its own package, once only
203	sub script_package($) {	686	sub extension_package($) {
204	my ($path) = @_;	687	my ($path) = @_;
205		688
206	$script_pkg{$path} ||= do {	689	$extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
207	my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($script_pkg++);	690	$path =~ /([^\/\\]+)$/;
		691	my $pkg = $1;
		692	$pkg =~ s/[^[:word:]]/_/g;
		693	$pkg = "urxvt::ext::$pkg";
208		694
209	verbose 3, "loading script '$path' into package '$pkg'";	695	verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
210		696
211	open my $fh, "<:raw", $path	697	open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
212	or die "$path: $!";	698	or die "$path: $!";
213		699
		700	my $source =
214	my $source = "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"	701	"package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"
215	. "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"	702	. "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
216	. (do { local $/; <$fh> })	703	. (do { local $/; <$fh> })
217	. "\n};\n1";	704	. "\n};\n1";
218		705
		706	eval $source
219	eval $source or die "$path: $@";	707	or die "$path: $@";
220		708
221	$pkg	709	$pkg
222	}	710	}
223	}	711	}
224		712
		713	our $retval; # return value for urxvt
		714
225	# called by the rxvt core	715	# called by the rxvt core
226	sub invoke {	716	sub invoke {
227	local $term = shift;	717	local $TERM = shift;
228	my $htype = shift;	718	my $htype = shift;
229		719
230	if ($htype == 0) { # INIT	720	if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
231	my @dirs = ((split /:/, $term->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");	721	my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
		722
		723	my %ext_arg;
232		724
233	for my $ext (split /:/, $term->resource ("perl_ext")) {	725	{
		726	my @init = @TERM_INIT;
		727	@TERM_INIT = ();
		728	$_->($TERM) for @init;
		729	my @pkg = @TERM_EXT;
		730	@TERM_EXT = ();
		731	$TERM->register_package ($_) for @pkg;
		732	}
		733
		734	for (grep $_, map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
		735	if ($_ eq "default") {
		736	$ext_arg{$_} ||= [] for qw(selection option-popup selection-popup searchable-scrollback);
		737	} elsif (/^-(.*)$/) {
		738	delete $ext_arg{$1};
		739	} elsif (/^([^<]+)<(.*)>$/) {
		740	push @{ $ext_arg{$1} }, $2;
		741	} else {
		742	$ext_arg{$_} ||= [];
		743	}
		744	}
		745
		746	while (my ($ext, $argv) = each %ext_arg) {
234	my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;	747	my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
235		748
236	if (@files) {	749	if (@files) {
237	register_package script_package $files[0];	750	$TERM->register_package (extension_package $files[0], $argv);
238	} else {	751	} else {
239	warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";	752	warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
240	}	753	}
241	}	754	}
242		755
243	} elsif ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY	756	eval "#line 1 \"--perl-eval resource/argument\"\n" . $TERM->resource ("perl_eval");
244	if (my $hook = $term->{_hook}) {	757	warn $@ if $@;
245	for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {	758	}
246	$hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }	759
247	or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;	760	$retval = undef;
		761
		762	if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
		763	verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
		764	if $verbosity >= 10;
		765
		766	keys %$cb;
		767
		768	while (my ($pkg, $cb) = each %$cb) {
		769	my $retval_ = eval { $cb->($TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg}, @_) };
		770	$retval ||= $retval_;
		771
		772	if ($@) {
		773	$TERM->ungrab; # better to lose the grab than the session
		774	warn $@;
248	}	775	}
249	}	776	}
		777
		778	verbose 11, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] returning <$retval>"
		779	if $verbosity >= 11;
250	}	780	}
251		781
252	my $cb = $term->{_hook}[$htype]	782	if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
253	or return;	783	# clear package objects
		784	%$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
254		785
255	verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $term, @_) . ")"	786	# clear package
256	if $verbosity >= 10;	787	%$TERM = ();
257
258	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$cb) {
259	return 1 if $v->($term, @_);
260	}	788	}
261		789
		790	$retval
		791	}
		792
		793	# urxvt::term::extension
		794
		795	package urxvt::term::extension;
		796
		797	sub enable {
		798	my ($self, %hook) = @_;
		799	my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
		800
		801	while (my ($name, $cb) = each %hook) {
		802	my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
		803	defined $htype
		804	or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
		805
		806	$self->set_should_invoke ($htype, +1)
		807	unless exists $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg};
		808
		809	$self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $cb;
262	0	810	}
263	}	811	}
264		812
265	=back	813	sub disable {
		814	my ($self, @hook) = @_;
		815	my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
		816
		817	for my $name (@hook) {
		818	my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
		819	defined $htype
		820	or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
		821
		822	$self->set_should_invoke ($htype, -1)
		823	if delete $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg};
		824	}
		825	}
		826
		827	our $AUTOLOAD;
		828
		829	sub AUTOLOAD {
		830	$AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
		831	or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
		832
		833	eval qq{
		834	sub $AUTOLOAD {
		835	my \$proxy = shift;
		836	\$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
		837	}
		838	1
		839	} or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
		840
		841	goto &$AUTOLOAD;
		842	}
		843
		844	sub DESTROY {
		845	# nop
		846	}
		847
		848	# urxvt::destroy_hook
		849
		850	sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
		851	${$_[0]}->();
		852	}
		853
		854	sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
		855	bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
		856	}
		857
		858	package urxvt::anyevent;
		859
		860	=head2 The C<urxvt::anyevent> Class
		861
		862	The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
		863	C<AnyEvent> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
		864	further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
		865	condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
		866	is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
		867	work.
		868
		869	=cut
		870
		871	our $VERSION = 1;
		872
		873	$INC{"urxvt/anyevent.pm"} = 1; # mark us as there
		874	push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::];
		875
		876	sub timer {
		877	my ($class, %arg) = @_;
		878
		879	my $cb = $arg{cb};
		880
		881	urxvt::timer
		882	->new
		883	->start (urxvt::NOW + $arg{after})
		884	->cb (sub {
		885	$_[0]->stop; # need to cancel manually
		886	$cb->();
		887	})
		888	}
		889
		890	sub io {
		891	my ($class, %arg) = @_;
		892
		893	my $cb = $arg{cb};
		894
		895	bless [$arg{fh}, urxvt::iow
		896	->new
		897	->fd (fileno $arg{fh})
		898	->events (($arg{poll} =~ /r/ ? 1 : 0)
		899	| ($arg{poll} =~ /w/ ? 2 : 0))
		900	->start
		901	->cb (sub {
		902	$cb->(($_[1] & 1 ? 'r' : '')
		903	. ($_[1] & 2 ? 'w' : ''));
		904	})],
		905	urxvt::anyevent::
		906	}
		907
		908	sub DESTROY {
		909	$_[0][1]->stop;
		910	}
		911
		912	sub condvar {
		913	bless \my $flag, urxvt::anyevent::condvar::
		914	}
		915
		916	sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::broadcast {
		917	${$_[0]}++;
		918	}
		919
		920	sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::wait {
		921	unless (${$_[0]}) {
		922	Carp::croak "AnyEvent->condvar blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
		923	}
		924	}
		925
		926	package urxvt::term;
266		927
267	=head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class	928	=head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
268		929
269	=over 4	930	=over 4
		931
		932	=cut
		933
		934	# find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
		935	# as hooks
		936	sub register_package {
		937	my ($self, $pkg, $argv) = @_;
		938
		939	no strict 'refs';
		940
		941	urxvt::verbose 6, "register package $pkg to $self";
		942
		943	@{"$pkg\::ISA"} = urxvt::term::extension::;
		944
		945	my $proxy = bless {
		946	_pkg => $pkg,
		947	argv => $argv,
		948	}, $pkg;
		949	Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $self);
		950
		951	$self->{_pkg}{$pkg} = $proxy;
		952
		953	for my $name (@HOOKNAME) {
		954	if (my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)) {
		955	$proxy->enable ($name => $ref);
		956	}
		957	}
		958	}
		959
		960	=item $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]
		961
		962	Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
		963	C<$rxvtname, arg...>. C<$envhashref> must be a reference to a C<%ENV>-like
		964	hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
		965
		966	Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
		967	couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new instance didn't
		968	initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The C<init> and
		969	C<start> hooks will be called during this call.
		970
		971	=cut
		972
		973	sub new {
		974	my ($class, $env, @args) = @_;
		975
		976	_new ([ map "$_=$env->{$_}", keys %$env ], @args);
		977	}
		978
		979	=item $term->destroy
		980
		981	Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
		982	etc.). Please note that @@RXVT_NAME@@ will not exit as long as any event
		983	watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
		984
		985	=item $term->exec_async ($cmd[, @args])
		986
		987	Works like the combination of the C<fork>/C<exec> builtins, which executes
		988	("starts") programs in the background. This function takes care of setting
		989	the user environment before exec'ing the command (e.g. C<PATH>) and should
		990	be preferred over explicit calls to C<exec> or C<system>.
		991
		992	Returns the pid of the subprocess or C<undef> on error.
		993
		994	=cut
		995
		996	sub exec_async {
		997	my $self = shift;
		998
		999	my $pid = fork;
		1000
		1001	return $pid
		1002	if !defined $pid or $pid;
		1003
		1004	%ENV = %{ $self->env };
		1005
		1006	exec @_;
		1007	urxvt::_exit 255;
		1008	}
		1009
		1010	=item $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
		1011
		1012	Returns true if the option specified by C<$optval> is enabled, and
		1013	optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
		1014	C<%urxvt::OPTION>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
		1015
		1016	Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
		1017	source file F</src/optinc.h> to see the actual list:
		1018
		1019	borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
		1020	intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
		1021	override-redirect pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar
		1022	scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
		1023	scrollWithBuffer secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs
		1024	transparent tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell
270		1025
271	=item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])	1026	=item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
272		1027
273	Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and	1028	Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
274	optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>	1029	optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
…		…
284		1039
285	Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the	1040	Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
286	terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.	1041	terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
287		1042
288	Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which	1043	Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
289	are supported in every build, please see the source to see the actual	1044	are supported in every build, please see the source file F</src/rsinc.h>
290	list:	1045	to see the actual list:
291		1046
292	answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont	1047	answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
293	borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key	1048	borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
294	display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName	1049	display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
295	imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles	1050	imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
296	italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier	1051	italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert meta8 modifier
297	mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext	1052	mouseWheelScrollPage name override_redirect pastableTabs path perl_eval
298	perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd	1053	perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay
299	reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating	1054	preeditType print_pipe pty_fd reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar
300	scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput	1055	scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness
301	scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle	1056	scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle
302	shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords	1057	secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle shade term_name title
303	utmpInhibit visualBell	1058	transient_for transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords utmpInhibit
		1059	visualBell
304		1060
305	=cut	1061	=cut
306		1062
307	sub urxvt::term::resource($$;$) {	1063	sub resource($$;$) {
308	my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);	1064	my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
309	unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);	1065	unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
310	goto &urxvt::term::_resource;	1066	&urxvt::term::_resource
311	}	1067	}
		1068
		1069	=item $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
		1070
		1071	Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
		1072	class name, i.e. C<< $term->x_resource ("boldFont") >> should return the
		1073	same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns C<undef> if no
		1074	resource with that pattern exists.
		1075
		1076	This method should only be called during the C<on_start> hook, as there is
		1077	only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
		1078	the wrong resources.
		1079
		1080	=item $success = $term->parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)
		1081
		1082	Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
		1083	C<keysym> resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage.
		1084
		1085	=item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
		1086
		1087	Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
		1088	the terminal application will use this style.
		1089
		1090	=item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
		1091
		1092	Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
		1093	set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
312		1094
313	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])	1095	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
314		1096
315	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])	1097	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
316		1098
317	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])	1099	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
318		1100
319	Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,	1101	Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
320	and optionally set them to new values.	1102	and optionally set them to new values.
321		1103
		1104	=item $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
		1105
		1106	Tries to make a selection as set by C<selection_beg> and
		1107	C<selection_end>. If C<$rectangular> is true (default: false), a
		1108	rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
		1109	a selection.
		1110
322	=item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)	1111	=item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
323		1112
324	Try to request the primary selection from the server (for example, as set	1113	Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
325	by the next method).	1114	set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
		1115	is mostly useful from within C<on_sel_grab> hooks.
326		1116
327	=item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])	1117	=item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
328		1118
329	Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.	1119	Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
330		1120
331	=item $term->scr_overlay ($x, $y, $text)	1121	=item $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
332		1122
333	Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.	1123	Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
334		1124
335	=cut	1125	=cut
336		1126
337	sub urxvt::term::scr_overlay {	1127	sub overlay_simple {
338	my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;	1128	my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
339		1129
340	my @lines = split /\n/, $text;	1130	my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
341		1131
342	my $w = 0;	1132	my $w = List::Util::max map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines;
343	for (map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines) {
344	$w = $_ if $w < $_;
345	}
346		1133
347	$self->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);	1134	my $overlay = $self->overlay ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
348	$self->scr_overlay_set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;	1135	$overlay->set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
349	}
350		1136
		1137	$overlay
		1138	}
		1139
351	=item $term->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $width, $height)	1140	=item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
352		1141
353	Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given	1142	Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
354	width/height. A border will be put around the box. If either C<$x> or	1143	width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
355	C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the right/bottom side,	1144	(default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
356	respectively.
357		1145
358	=item $term->scr_overlay_off	1146	If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
		1147	around the box.
359		1148
360	Switch the overlay off again.	1149	If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
		1150	right/bottom side, respectively.
361		1151
362	=item $term->scr_overlay_set_char ($x, $y, $char, $rend = OVERLAY_RSTYLE)	1152	This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
		1153	as long as the perl object is referenced.
363		1154
364	Put a single character (specified numerically) at the given overlay	1155	The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
365	position.
366		1156
		1157	=over 4
		1158
367	=item $term->scr_overlay_set ($x, $y, $text)	1159	=item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
368		1160
369	Write a string at the given position into the overlay.	1161	Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
		1162	text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
		1163	at a specific position inside the overlay.
370		1164
		1165	=item $overlay->hide
		1166
		1167	If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
		1168
		1169	=item $overlay->show
		1170
		1171	If hidden, display the overlay again.
		1172
		1173	=back
		1174
		1175	=item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
		1176
		1177	Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
		1178	C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
		1179	currently).
		1180
		1181	=cut
		1182
		1183	sub popup {
		1184	my ($self, $event) = @_;
		1185
		1186	$self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
		1187	or return;
		1188
		1189	my $popup = bless {
		1190	term => $self,
		1191	event => $event,
		1192	}, urxvt::popup::;
		1193
		1194	Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
		1195
		1196	$self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
		1197	Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
		1198
		1199	$popup
		1200	}
		1201
371	=item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth $string	1202	=item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
372		1203
373	Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly	1204	Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
374	accounts for wide and combining characters.	1205	accounts for wide and combining characters.
375		1206
376	=item $octets = $term->locale_encode $string	1207	=item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
377		1208
378	Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.	1209	Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
379		1210
380	=item $string = $term->locale_decode $octets	1211	=item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
381		1212
382	Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.	1213	Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
383		1214
		1215	=item $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])
		1216
		1217	XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
		1218	(default: C<RS_RVid>), which I<MUST NOT> contain font styles. Useful in
		1219	refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
		1220
		1221	=item $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
		1222
		1223	Similar to C<scr_xor_span>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
		1224	whitespace will additionally be xored with the C<$rstyle2>, which defaults
		1225	to C<RS_RVid | RS_Uline>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
		1226	it instead. Both styles I<MUST NOT> contain font styles.
		1227
		1228	=item $term->scr_bell
		1229
		1230	Ring the bell!
		1231
		1232	=item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
		1233
		1234	Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
		1235	running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
		1236	codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
		1237	string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
		1238
		1239	Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
		1240	confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
		1241	C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
		1242
		1243	=item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
		1244
		1245	Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
		1246	locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
		1247	(escape codes) that will be interpreted.
		1248
384	=item $term->tt_write ($octets)	1249	=item $term->tt_write ($octets)
385		1250
386	Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To	1251	Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
387	pass characters instead of octets, you should convetr you strings first to	1252	pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
388	the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.	1253	to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
		1254
		1255	=item $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
		1256
		1257	Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
		1258	be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
		1259	description of C<< urxvt::timer->events >>. Make sure to always restore
		1260	the previous value.
		1261
		1262	=item $windowid = $term->parent
		1263
		1264	Return the window id of the toplevel window.
		1265
		1266	=item $windowid = $term->vt
		1267
		1268	Return the window id of the terminal window.
		1269
		1270	=item $term->vt_emask_add ($x_event_mask)
		1271
		1272	Adds the specified events to the vt event mask. Useful e.g. when you want
		1273	to receive pointer events all the times:
		1274
		1275	$term->vt_emask_add (urxvt::PointerMotionMask);
		1276
		1277	=item $window_width = $term->width
		1278
		1279	=item $window_height = $term->height
		1280
		1281	=item $font_width = $term->fwidth
		1282
		1283	=item $font_height = $term->fheight
		1284
		1285	=item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
		1286
		1287	=item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
		1288
		1289	=item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
		1290
		1291	=item $has_focus = $term->focus
		1292
		1293	=item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
		1294
		1295	=item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
		1296
		1297	=item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
		1298
		1299	=item $topmost_scrollback_row = $term->top_row
		1300
		1301	Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
		1302
		1303	=item $x_display = $term->display_id
		1304
		1305	Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
		1306
		1307	=item $lc_ctype = $term->locale
		1308
		1309	Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
		1310
		1311	=item $env = $term->env
		1312
		1313	Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
		1314	similar to C<\%ENV>.
		1315
		1316	=cut
		1317
		1318	sub env {
		1319	if (my $env = $_[0]->_env) {
		1320	+{ map /^([^=]+)(?:=(.*))?$/s && ($1 => $2), @$env }
		1321	} else {
		1322	+{ %ENV }
		1323	}
		1324	}
		1325
		1326	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
		1327
		1328	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
		1329
		1330	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
		1331
		1332	Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
		1333	AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
		1334
		1335	=item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
		1336
		1337	Returns the row number of the topmost displayed line. Maximum value is
		1338	C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Lower values scroll
		1339	this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
		1340
		1341	=item $term->want_refresh
		1342
		1343	Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
		1344	compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
		1345	differ, it redraws the differences.
		1346
		1347	Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
		1348
		1349	=item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
		1350
		1351	Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
		1352	is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
		1353	terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
		1354	line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
		1355	is requested.
		1356
		1357	If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
		1358	line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
		1359	to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
		1360	automatically be updated.
		1361
		1362	C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
		1363	than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
		1364	(C<chr 65535>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
		1365	that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
		1366	characters in the private use area.
		1367
		1368	You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
		1369	that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
		1370	characters.
		1371
		1372	The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
		1373	can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
		1374
		1375	=item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
		1376
		1377	Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
		1378	bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
		1379	styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
		1380
		1381	When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
		1382
		1383	See the section on RENDITION, above.
		1384
		1385	=item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
		1386
		1387	Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
		1388	length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
		1389	line is joined with the following one.
		1390
		1391	=item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
		1392
		1393	Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
		1394	joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
		1395	and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
		1396	previous row(s)).
		1397
		1398	=item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
		1399
		1400	Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
		1401	about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
		1402	following methods:
		1403
		1404	=over 4
		1405
		1406	=item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
		1407
		1408	Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
		1409
		1410	=item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
		1411
		1412	Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
		1413
		1414	=item $length = $line->l
		1415
		1416	Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
		1417
		1418	=item $rownum = $line->beg
		1419
		1420	=item $rownum = $line->end
		1421
		1422	Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
		1423
		1424	=item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
		1425
		1426	Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
		1427	line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
		1428	offsets outside the string.
		1429
		1430	=item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
		1431
		1432	Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
389		1433
390	=back	1434	=back
		1435
		1436	=cut
		1437
		1438	sub line {
		1439	my ($self, $row) = @_;
		1440
		1441	my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
		1442
		1443	my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
		1444
		1445	--$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
		1446	++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
		1447
		1448	bless {
		1449	term => $self,
		1450	beg => $beg,
		1451	end => $end,
		1452	ncol => $self->ncol,
		1453	len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
		1454	}, urxvt::line::
		1455	}
		1456
		1457	sub urxvt::line::t {
		1458	my ($self) = @_;
		1459
		1460	if (@_ > 1)
		1461	{
		1462	$self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
		1463	for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
		1464	}
		1465
		1466	defined wantarray &&
		1467	substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
		1468	0, $self->{len}
		1469	}
		1470
		1471	sub urxvt::line::r {
		1472	my ($self) = @_;
		1473
		1474	if (@_ > 1)
		1475	{
		1476	$self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
		1477	for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
		1478	}
		1479
		1480	if (defined wantarray) {
		1481	my $rend = [
		1482	map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
		1483	];
		1484	$#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
		1485	return $rend;
		1486	}
		1487
		1488	()
		1489	}
		1490
		1491	sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
		1492	sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
		1493	sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
		1494
		1495	sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
		1496	my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
		1497
		1498	($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
		1499	}
		1500
		1501	sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
		1502	my ($self, $offset) = @_;
		1503
		1504	use integer;
		1505
		1506	(
		1507	$offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
		1508	$offset % $self->{ncol}
		1509	)
		1510	}
		1511
		1512	=item $text = $term->special_encode $string
		1513
		1514	Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
		1515	where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
		1516	C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
		1517
		1518	=item $string = $term->special_decode $text
		1519
		1520	Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
		1521	C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
		1522
		1523	=item $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask)
		1524
		1525	Registers a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton manpage.
		1526
		1527	=item $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
		1528
		1529	Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
		1530	synchronous (C<$sync> is true). Also remembers the grab timestampe.
		1531
		1532	=item $term->allow_events_async
		1533
		1534	Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
		1535
		1536	=item $term->allow_events_sync
		1537
		1538	Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
		1539
		1540	=item $term->allow_events_replay
		1541
		1542	Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
		1543	recent grab.
		1544
		1545	=item $term->ungrab
		1546
		1547	Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
		1548	evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
		1549	the session.
		1550
		1551	=back
		1552
		1553	=cut
		1554
		1555	package urxvt::popup;
		1556
		1557	=head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
		1558
		1559	=over 4
		1560
		1561	=cut
		1562
		1563	sub add_item {
		1564	my ($self, $item) = @_;
		1565
		1566	$item->{rend}{normal} = "\x1b[0;30;47m" unless exists $item->{rend}{normal};
		1567	$item->{rend}{hover} = "\x1b[0;30;46m" unless exists $item->{rend}{hover};
		1568	$item->{rend}{active} = "\x1b[m" unless exists $item->{rend}{active};
		1569
		1570	$item->{render} ||= sub { $_[0]{text} };
		1571
		1572	push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
		1573	}
		1574
		1575	=item $popup->add_title ($title)
		1576
		1577	Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
		1578
		1579	=cut
		1580
		1581	sub add_title {
		1582	my ($self, $title) = @_;
		1583
		1584	$self->add_item ({
		1585	rend => { normal => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", hover => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", active => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m" },
		1586	text => $title,
		1587	activate => sub { },
		1588	});
		1589	}
		1590
		1591	=item $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
		1592
		1593	Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as C<$sepchr>.
		1594
		1595	=cut
		1596
		1597	sub add_separator {
		1598	my ($self, $sep) = @_;
		1599
		1600	$sep ||= "=";
		1601
		1602	$self->add_item ({
		1603	rend => { normal => "\x1b[0;30;47m", hover => "\x1b[0;30;47m", active => "\x1b[0;30;47m" },
		1604	text => "",
		1605	render => sub { $sep x $self->{term}->ncol },
		1606	activate => sub { },
		1607	});
		1608	}
		1609
		1610	=item $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
		1611
		1612	Adds a clickable button to the popup. C<$cb> is called whenever it is
		1613	selected.
		1614
		1615	=cut
		1616
		1617	sub add_button {
		1618	my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
		1619
		1620	$self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => $text, activate => $cb});
		1621	}
		1622
		1623	=item $popup->add_toggle ($text, $cb, $initial_value)
		1624
		1625	Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. Teh callback gets called
		1626	whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its value as its first
		1627	argument.
		1628
		1629	=cut
		1630
		1631	sub add_toggle {
		1632	my ($self, $text, $cb, $value) = @_;
		1633
		1634	my $item; $item = {
		1635	type => "button",
		1636	text => " $text",
		1637	value => $value,
		1638	render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "* " : " ") . $text },
		1639	activate => sub { $cb->($_[1]{value} = !$_[1]{value}); },
		1640	};
		1641
		1642	$self->add_item ($item);
		1643	}
		1644
		1645	=item $popup->show
		1646
		1647	Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
		1648
		1649	=cut
		1650
		1651	sub show {
		1652	my ($self) = @_;
		1653
		1654	local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
		1655
		1656	my $env = $self->{term}->env;
		1657	# we can't hope to reproduce the locale algorithm, so nuke LC_ALL and set LC_CTYPE.
		1658	delete $env->{LC_ALL};
		1659	$env->{LC_CTYPE} = $self->{term}->locale;
		1660
		1661	urxvt::term->new ($env, "popup",
		1662	"--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "",
		1663	"-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0,
		1664	"-b" => 1, "-bd" => "grey80", "-bl", "-override-redirect",
		1665	"--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
		1666	"-display" => $self->{term}->display_id,
		1667	"-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
		1668	or die "unable to create popup window\n";
		1669	}
		1670
		1671	sub DESTROY {
		1672	my ($self) = @_;
		1673
		1674	delete $self->{term}{_destroy}{$self};
		1675	$self->{term}->ungrab;
		1676	}
		1677
		1678	=back
		1679
		1680	=cut
		1681
		1682	package urxvt::watcher;
		1683
		1684	@urxvt::timer::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1685	@urxvt::iow::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1686	@urxvt::pw::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1687	@urxvt::iw::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
391		1688
392	=head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class	1689	=head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
393		1690
394	This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a	1691	This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
395	fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:	1692	fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
396		1693
397	# create a digital clock display in upper right corner	1694	$term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
398	$term->{timer} = urxvt::timer	1695	$term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
399	->new	1696	->new
400	->start (urxvt::NOW)	1697	->interval (1)
401	->cb (sub {	1698	->cb (sub {
402	my ($timer) = @_;
403	my $time = $timer->at;
404	$timer->start ($time + 1);
405	$self->scr_overlay (-1, 0,	1699	$term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
406	POSIX::strftime "%H:%M:%S", localtime $time);	1700	sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
407	});	1701	});
408		1702
409	=over 4	1703	=over 4
410		1704
411	=item $timer = new urxvt::timer	1705	=item $timer = new urxvt::timer
412		1706
413	Create a new timer object in stopped state.	1707	Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
		1708	immediately.
414		1709
415	=item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })	1710	=item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
416		1711
417	Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.	1712	Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
418		1713
…		…
422		1717
423	=item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)	1718	=item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
424		1719
425	Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.	1720	Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
426		1721
		1722	=item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
		1723
		1724	Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
		1725	stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
		1726	is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
		1727
427	=item $timer = $timer->start	1728	=item $timer = $timer->start
428		1729
429	Start the timer.	1730	Start the timer.
430		1731
431	=item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)	1732	=item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
432		1733
433	Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.	1734	Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
		1735
		1736	=item $timer = $timer->after ($delay)
		1737
		1738	Like C<start>, but sets the expiry timer to c<urxvt::NOW + $delay>.
434		1739
435	=item $timer = $timer->stop	1740	=item $timer = $timer->stop
436		1741
437	Stop the timer.	1742	Stop the timer.
438		1743
…		…
444		1749
445	$term->{socket} = ...	1750	$term->{socket} = ...
446	$term->{iow} = urxvt::iow	1751	$term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
447	->new	1752	->new
448	->fd (fileno $term->{socket})	1753	->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
449	->events (1) # wait for read data	1754	->events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
450	->start	1755	->start
451	->cb (sub {	1756	->cb (sub {
452	my ($iow, $revents) = @_;	1757	my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
453	# $revents must be 1 here, no need to check	1758	# $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
454	sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192	1759	sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
…		…
471		1776
472	Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.	1777	Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
473		1778
474	=item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)	1779	=item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
475		1780
476	Set the event mask to watch. Bit #0 (value C<1>) enables watching for read	1781	Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
477	data, Bit #1 (value C<2>) enables watching for write data.	1782	C<urxvt::EVENT_READ> and C<urxvt::EVENT_WRITE>, which might be ORed
		1783	together, or C<urxvt::EVENT_NONE>.
478		1784
479	=item $iow = $iow->start	1785	=item $iow = $iow->start
480		1786
481	Start watching for requested events on the given handle.	1787	Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
482		1788
…		…
493	This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher	1799	This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
494	numbers indicate more verbose output.	1800	numbers indicate more verbose output.
495		1801
496	=over 4	1802	=over 4
497		1803
498	=item 0 - only fatal messages	1804	=item == 0 - fatal messages
499		1805
500	=item 3 - script loading and management	1806	=item >= 3 - script loading and management
501		1807
502	=item 10 - all events received	1808	=item >=10 - all called hooks
		1809
		1810	=item >=11 - hook reutrn values
503		1811
504	=back	1812	=back
505		1813
506	=head1 AUTHOR	1814	=head1 AUTHOR
507		1815

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