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Revision 1.149 by root, Sun Dec 3 23:03:52 2006 UTC

		1	=encoding utf8
		2
1	=head1 NAME	3	=head1 NAME
2		4
3	rxvtperl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter	5	@@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
4		6
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	7	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		8
7	* Put your scripts into F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>, they will be loaded automatically.	9	# create a file grab_test in $HOME:
8
9	* Scripts are evaluated in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
10	thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
11		10
12	sub on_sel_grab {	11	sub on_sel_grab {
13	warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;	12	warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
14	()	13	()
15	}	14	}
16		15
17	1	16	# start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
		17
		18	@@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
18		19
19	=head1 DESCRIPTION	20	=head1 DESCRIPTION
20		21
21	Everytime a terminal object gets created, scripts specified via the	22	Every time a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
22	C<perl> resource are associated with it.	23	the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
		24
		25	Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
		26	thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
23		27
24	Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where	28	Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
25	scripts will be shared (But not enabled) for all terminals.	29	scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
		30
		31	=head1 PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS
		32
		33	This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
		34	find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
		35
		36	You can activate them like this:
		37
		38	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
		39
		40	Or by adding them to the resource for extensions loaded by default:
		41
		42	URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,automove-background,selection-autotransform
		43
		44	=over 4
		45
		46	=item selection (enabled by default)
		47
		48	(More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
		49	when the user extends selections (double-click and further clicks). Right
		50	now, it tries to select words, urls and complete shell-quoted
		51	arguments, which is very convenient, too, if your F<ls> supports
		52	C<--quoting-style=shell>.
		53
		54	A double-click usually selects the word under the cursor, further clicks
		55	will enlarge the selection.
		56
		57	The selection works by trying to match a number of regexes and displaying
		58	them in increasing order of length. You can add your own regexes by
		59	specifying resources of the form:
		60
		61	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: perl-regex
		62	URxvt.selection.pattern-1: perl-regex
		63	...
		64
		65	The index number (0, 1...) must not have any holes, and each regex must
		66	contain at least one pair of capturing parentheses, which will be used for
		67	the match. For example, the following adds a regex that matches everything
		68	between two vertical bars:
		69
		70	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: \\|([^|]+)\\|
		71
		72	Another example: Programs I use often output "absolute path: " at the
		73	beginning of a line when they process multiple files. The following
		74	pattern matches the filename (note, there is a single space at the very
		75	end):
		76
		77	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ^(/[^:]+):\
		78
		79	You can look at the source of the selection extension to see more
		80	interesting uses, such as parsing a line from beginning to end.
		81
		82	This extension also offers following bindable keyboard commands:
		83
		84	=over 4
		85
		86	=item rot13
		87
		88	Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
		89
		90	URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
		91
		92	=back
		93
		94	=item option-popup (enabled by default)
		95
		96	Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
		97	runtime.
		98
		99	Other extensions can extend this popup menu by pushing a code reference
		100	onto C<@{ $term->{option_popup_hook} }>, which gets called whenever the
		101	popup is being displayed.
		102
		103	It's sole argument is the popup menu, which can be modified. It should
		104	either return nothing or a string, the initial boolean value and a code
		105	reference. The string will be used as button text and the code reference
		106	will be called when the toggle changes, with the new boolean value as
		107	first argument.
		108
		109	The following will add an entry C<myoption> that changes
		110	C<$self->{myoption}>:
		111
		112	push @{ $self->{term}{option_popup_hook} }, sub {
		113	("my option" => $myoption, sub { $self->{myoption} = $_[0] })
		114	};
		115
		116	=item selection-popup (enabled by default)
		117
		118	Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
		119	text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
		120	evaluation, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
		121
		122	Other extensions can extend this popup menu by pushing a code reference
		123	onto C<@{ $term->{selection_popup_hook} }>, which gets called whenever the
		124	popup is being displayed.
		125
		126	It's sole argument is the popup menu, which can be modified. The selection
		127	is in C<$_>, which can be used to decide whether to add something or not.
		128	It should either return nothing or a string and a code reference. The
		129	string will be used as button text and the code reference will be called
		130	when the button gets activated and should transform C<$_>.
		131
		132	The following will add an entry C<a to b> that transforms all C<a>s in
		133	the selection to C<b>s, but only if the selection currently contains any
		134	C<a>s:
		135
		136	push @{ $self->{term}{selection_popup_hook} }, sub {
		137	/a/ ? ("a to be" => sub { s/a/b/g }
		138	: ()
		139	};
		140
		141	=item searchable-scrollback<hotkey> (enabled by default)
		142
		143	Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
		144	by a hotkey (default: C<M-s>). While in search mode, normal terminal
		145	input/output is suspended and a regex is displayed at the bottom of the
		146	screen.
		147
		148	Inputting characters appends them to the regex and continues incremental
		149	search. C<BackSpace> removes a character from the regex, C<Up> and C<Down>
		150	search upwards/downwards in the scrollback buffer, C<End> jumps to the
		151	bottom. C<Escape> leaves search mode and returns to the point where search
		152	was started, while C<Enter> or C<Return> stay at the current position and
		153	additionally stores the first match in the current line into the primary
		154	selection.
		155
		156	The regex defaults to "(?i)", resulting in a case-insensitive search. To
		157	get a case-sensitive search you can delete this prefix using C<BackSpace>
		158	or simply use an uppercase character which removes the "(?i)" prefix.
		159
		160	See L<perlre> for more info about perl regular expression syntax.
		161
		162	=item readline (enabled by default)
		163
		164	A support package that tries to make editing with readline easier. At
		165	the moment, it reacts to clicking shift-left mouse button by trying to
		166	move the text cursor to this position. It does so by generating as many
		167	cursor-left or cursor-right keypresses as required (the this only works
		168	for programs that correctly support wide characters).
		169
		170	To avoid too many false positives, this is only done when:
		171
		172	=over 4
		173
		174	=item - the tty is in ICANON state.
		175
		176	=item - the text cursor is visible.
		177
		178	=item - the primary screen is currently being displayed.
		179
		180	=item - the mouse is on the same (multi-row-) line as the text cursor.
		181
		182	=back
		183
		184	The normal selection mechanism isn't disabled, so quick successive clicks
		185	might interfere with selection creation in harmless ways.
		186
		187	=item selection-autotransform
		188
		189	This selection allows you to do automatic transforms on a selection
		190	whenever a selection is made.
		191
		192	It works by specifying perl snippets (most useful is a single C<s///>
		193	operator) that modify C<$_> as resources:
		194
		195	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: transform
		196	URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: transform
		197	...
		198
		199	For example, the following will transform selections of the form
		200	C<filename:number>, often seen in compiler messages, into C<vi +$filename
		201	$word>:
		202
		203	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/vi +$2 \\Q$1\\E\\x0d/
		204
		205	And this example matches the same,but replaces it with vi-commands you can
		206	paste directly into your (vi :) editor:
		207
		208	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		209
		210	Of course, this can be modified to suit your needs and your editor :)
		211
		212	To expand the example above to typical perl error messages ("XXX at
		213	FILENAME line YYY."), you need a slightly more elaborate solution:
		214
		215	URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+[,.])
		216	URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)[,.]$/:e \\Q$1\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
		217
		218	The first line tells the selection code to treat the unchanging part of
		219	every error message as a selection pattern, and the second line transforms
		220	the message into vi commands to load the file.
		221
		222	=item tabbed
		223
		224	This transforms the terminal into a tabbar with additional terminals, that
		225	is, it implements what is commonly referred to as "tabbed terminal". The topmost line
		226	displays a "[NEW]" button, which, when clicked, will add a new tab, followed by one
		227	button per tab.
		228
		229	Clicking a button will activate that tab. Pressing B<Shift-Left> and
		230	B<Shift-Right> will switch to the tab left or right of the current one,
		231	while B<Shift-Down> creates a new tab.
		232
		233	The tabbar itself can be configured similarly to a normal terminal, but
		234	with a resource class of C<URxvt.tabbed>. In addition, it supports the
		235	following four resources (shown with defaults):
		236
		237	URxvt.tabbed.tabbar-fg: <colour-index, default 3>
		238	URxvt.tabbed.tabbar-bg: <colour-index, default 0>
		239	URxvt.tabbed.tab-fg: <colour-index, default 0>
		240	URxvt.tabbed.tab-bg: <colour-index, default 1>
		241
		242	See I<COLOR AND GRAPHICS> in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage for valid
		243	indices.
		244
		245	=item matcher
		246
		247	Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline text
		248	matching a certain pattern and make it clickable. When clicked with the
		249	mouse button specified in the C<matcher.button> resource (default 2, or
		250	middle), the program specified in the C<matcher.launcher> resource
		251	(default, the C<urlLauncher> resource, C<sensible-browser>) will be started
		252	with the matched text as first argument. The default configuration is
		253	suitable for matching URLs and launching a web browser, like the
		254	former "mark-urls" extension.
		255
		256	The default pattern to match URLs can be overridden with the
		257	C<matcher.pattern.0> resource, and additional patterns can be specified
		258	with numbered patterns, in a manner similar to the "selection" extension.
		259	The launcher can also be overridden on a per-pattern basis.
		260
		261	Example configuration:
		262
		263	URxvt.perl-ext: default,matcher
		264	URxvt.urlLauncher: sensible-browser
		265	URxvt.matcher.button: 1
		266	URxvt.matcher.pattern.1: \\bwww\\.[\\w-]+\\.[\\w./?&@#-]*[\\w/-]
		267	URxvt.matcher.pattern.2: \\B(/\\S+?):(\\d+)(?=:|$)
		268	URxvt.matcher.launcher.2: gvim +$2 $1
		269
		270	=item xim-onthespot
		271
		272	This (experimental) perl extension implements OnTheSpot editing. It does
		273	not work perfectly, and some input methods don't seem to work well with
		274	OnTheSpot editing in general, but it seems to work at leats for SCIM and
		275	kinput2.
		276
		277	You enable it by specifying this extension and a preedit style of
		278	C<OnTheSpot>, i.e.:
		279
		280	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pt OnTheSpot -pe xim-onthespot
		281
		282	=item kuake<hotkey>
		283
		284	A very primitive quake-console-like extension. It was inspired by a
		285	description of how the programs C<kuake> and C<yakuake> work: Whenever the
		286	user presses a global accelerator key (by default C<F10>), the terminal
		287	will show or hide itself. Another press of the accelerator key will hide
		288	or show it again.
		289
		290	Initially, the window will not be shown when using this extension.
		291
		292	This is useful if you need a single terminal thats not using any desktop
		293	space most of the time but is quickly available at the press of a key.
		294
		295	The accelerator key is grabbed regardless of any modifiers, so this
		296	extension will actually grab a physical key just for this function.
		297
		298	If you want a quake-like animation, tell your window manager to do so
		299	(fvwm can do it).
		300
		301	=item automove-background
		302
		303	This is basically a very small extension that dynamically changes the
		304	background pixmap offset to the window position, in effect creating the
		305	same effect as pseudo transparency with a custom pixmap. No scaling is
		306	supported in this mode. Example:
		307
		308	@@RXVT_NAME@@ -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background
		309
		310	=item block-graphics-to-ascii
		311
		312	A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal
		313	by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
		314	similar-looking ascii character.
		315
		316	=item digital-clock
		317
		318	Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
		319
		320	=item remote-clipboard
		321
		322	Somewhat of a misnomer, this extension adds two menu entries to the
		323	selection popup that allows one ti run external commands to store the
		324	selection somewhere and fetch it again.
		325
		326	We use it to implement a "distributed selection mechanism", which just
		327	means that one command uploads the file to a remote server, and another
		328	reads it.
		329
		330	The commands can be set using the C<URxvt.remote-selection.store> and
		331	C<URxvt.remote-selection.fetch> resources. The first should read the
		332	selection to store from STDIN (always in UTF-8), the second should provide
		333	the selection data on STDOUT (also in UTF-8).
		334
		335	The defaults (which are likely useless to you) use rsh and cat:
		336
		337	URxvt.remote-selection.store: rsh ruth 'cat >/tmp/distributed-selection'
		338	URxvt.remote-selection.fetch: rsh ruth 'cat /tmp/distributed-selection'
		339
		340	=item selection-pastebin
		341
		342	This is a little rarely useful extension that Uploads the selection as
		343	textfile to a remote site (or does other things). (The implementation is
		344	not currently secure for use in a multiuser environment as it writes to
		345	F</tmp> directly.).
		346
		347	It listens to the C<selection-pastebin:remote-pastebin> keyboard command,
		348	i.e.
		349
		350	URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: perl:selection-pastebin:remote-pastebin
		351
		352	Pressing this combination runs a command with C<%> replaced by the name of
		353	the textfile. This command can be set via a resource:
		354
		355	URxvt.selection-pastebin.cmd: rsync -apP % ruth:/var/www/www.ta-sa.org/files/txt/.
		356
		357	And the default is likely not useful to anybody but the few people around
		358	here :)
		359
		360	The name of the textfile is the hex encoded md5 sum of the selection, so
		361	the same content should lead to the same filename.
		362
		363	After a successful upload the selection will be replaced by the text given
		364	in the C<selection-pastebin-url> resource (again, the % is the placeholder
		365	for the filename):
		366
		367	URxvt.selection-pastebin.url: http://www.ta-sa.org/files/txt/%
		368
		369	I<Note to xrdb users:> xrdb uses the C preprocessor, which might interpret
		370	the double C</> characters as comment start. Use C<\057\057> instead,
		371	which works regardless of wether xrdb is used to parse the resource file
		372	or not.
		373
		374	=item example-refresh-hooks
		375
		376	Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
		377	window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
		378	overlays or changes.
		379
		380	=back
		381
		382	=head1 API DOCUMENTATION
26		383
27	=head2 General API Considerations	384	=head2 General API Considerations
28		385
29	All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical	386	All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
30	reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you	387	reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
31	like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or	388	like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
32	C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and must not be accessed or	389	C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
33	modified).	390	modified).
34		391
35	When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are	392	When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
36	emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and	393	emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
37	the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the	394	the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
38	terminal is destroyed.	395	terminal is destroyed.
39		396
		397	Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
		398	hints on what they mean:
		399
		400	=over 4
		401
		402	=item $text
		403
		404	Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
		405	always represents one screen cell. See L<ROW_t> for a discussion of this format.
		406
		407	=item $string
		408
		409	A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
		410	characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
		411	encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
		412
		413	=item $octets
		414
		415	Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
		416	locale-specific way.
		417
		418	=back
		419
		420	=head2 Extension Objects
		421
		422	Every perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
		423	for each terminal, and each terminal has its own set of extenion objects,
		424	which are passed as the first parameter to hooks. So extensions can use
		425	their C<$self> object without having to think about clashes with other
		426	extensions or other terminals, with the exception of methods and members
		427	that begin with an underscore character C<_>: these are reserved for
		428	internal use.
		429
		430	Although it isn't a C<urxvt::term> object, you can call all methods of the
		431	C<urxvt::term> class on this object.
		432
		433	It has the following methods and data members:
		434
		435	=over 4
		436
		437	=item $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
		438
		439	Returns the C<urxvt::term> object associated with this instance of the
		440	extension. This member I<must not> be changed in any way.
		441
		442	=item $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb, [$hook_name => $cb..])
		443
		444	Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the C<on_> prefix) for
		445	this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
		446	to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
		447
		448	=item $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
		449
		450	Dynamically disable the given hooks.
		451
		452	=back
		453
40	=head2 Hooks	454	=head2 Hooks
41		455
42	The following subroutines can be declared in loaded scripts, and will be called	456	The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
43	whenever the relevant event happens.	457	called whenever the relevant event happens.
44		458
45	All of them must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the event	459	The first argument passed to them is an extension object as described in
46	counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is skipped,	460	the in the C<Extension Objects> section.
		461
		462	B<All> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If any of the called
		463	hooks returns true, then the event counts as being I<consumed>, and the
47	and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.	464	relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
48		465
49	When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>).	466	I<< When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>). >>
50		467
51	=over 4	468	=over 4
52		469
53	=item on_init $term	470	=item on_init $term
54		471
55	Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before	472	Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
56	windows are created or the command gets run.	473	windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
		474	call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
		475	have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources
		476	and options, though. For many purposes the C<on_start> hook is a better
		477	place.
		478
		479	=item on_start $term
		480
		481	Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
		482	trying to map (display) the toplevel and returning to the main loop.
		483
		484	=item on_destroy $term
		485
		486	Called whenever something tries to destroy terminal, when the terminal is
		487	still fully functional (not for long, though).
57		488
58	=item on_reset $term	489	=item on_reset $term
59		490
60	Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or	491	Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
61	control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related	492	control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
62	variables.	493	variables.
63		494
64	=item on_start $term	495	=item on_child_start $term, $pid
65		496
66	Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before	497	Called just after the child process has been C<fork>ed.
67	returning to the mainloop.	498
		499	=item on_child_exit $term, $status
		500
		501	Called just after the child process has exited. C<$status> is the status
		502	from C<waitpid>.
68		503
69	=item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime	504	=item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
70		505
71	Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the	506	Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
72	selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the	507	selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
…		…
79		514
80	Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is	515	Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
81	requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed	516	requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
82	by calling C<< $term->selection >>.	517	by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
83		518
84	Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.	519	Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be highlighted.
85		520
86	=item on_focus_in $term	521	=item on_sel_extend $term
87		522
88	Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before urxvt does	523	Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
89	focus in processing.	524	click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
		525	should extend the selection itself and return true to suppress the built-in
		526	processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
		527	returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
		528	supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
90		529
91	=item on_focus_out $term	530	See the F<selection> example extension.
92
93	Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before urxvt does focus
94	out processing.
95		531
96	=item on_view_change $term, $offset	532	=item on_view_change $term, $offset
97		533
98	Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program	534	Called whenever the view offset changes, i.e. the user or program
99	scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values	535	scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
100	show this many lines of scrollback.	536	show this many lines of scrollback.
101		537
102	=item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved	538	=item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
103		539
…		…
107		543
108	It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,	544	It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
109	$nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total	545	$nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
110	number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.	546	number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
111		547
112	=item on_tty_activity $term *NYI*	548	=item on_osc_seq $term, $op, $args
113		549
114	Called whenever the program(s) running in the urxvt window send output.	550	Called on every OSC sequence and can be used to suppress it or modify its
		551	behaviour. The default should be to return an empty list. A true value
		552	suppresses execution of the request completely. Make sure you don't get
		553	confused by recursive invocations when you output an osc sequence within
		554	this callback.
		555
		556	C<on_osc_seq_perl> should be used for new behaviour.
		557
		558	=item on_osc_seq_perl $term, $string
		559
		560	Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
		561	operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
		562	information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
		563	string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
		564	it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
		565	future.
		566
		567	Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
		568	as its source can not easily be controlled (e-mail content, messages from
		569	other users on the same system etc.).
		570
		571	=item on_add_lines $term, $string
		572
		573	Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
		574	can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
		575	and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
		576	might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
		577	output.
		578
		579	=item on_tt_write $term, $octets
		580
		581	Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
		582	suppress or filter tty input.
		583
		584	=item on_line_update $term, $row
		585
		586	Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
		587	screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
		588	that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
		589	not always immediately.
		590
		591	The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
		592	multiple rows.
		593
		594	Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
		595	later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
		596	you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
115		597
116	=item on_refresh_begin $term	598	=item on_refresh_begin $term
117		599
118	Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay	600	Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
119	or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and	601	or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
…		…
122		604
123	=item on_refresh_end $term	605	=item on_refresh_end $term
124		606
125	Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.	607	Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
126		608
		609	=item on_user_command $term, $string
		610
		611	Called whenever a user-configured event is being activated (e.g. via
		612	a C<perl:string> action bound to a key, see description of the B<keysym>
		613	resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
		614
		615	The event is simply the action string. This interface is assumed to change
		616	slightly in the future.
		617
		618	=item on_resize_all_windows $tern, $new_width, $new_height
		619
		620	Called just after the new window size has been calculated, but before
		621	windows are actually being resized or hints are being set. If this hook
		622	returns TRUE, setting of the window hints is being skipped.
		623
		624	=item on_x_event $term, $event
		625
		626	Called on every X event received on the vt window (and possibly other
		627	windows). Should only be used as a last resort. Most event structure
		628	members are not passed.
		629
		630	=item on_root_event $term, $event
		631
		632	Like C<on_x_event>, but is called for events on the root window.
		633
		634	=item on_focus_in $term
		635
		636	Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
		637	does focus in processing.
		638
		639	=item on_focus_out $term
		640
		641	Called whenever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
		642	focus out processing.
		643
		644	=item on_configure_notify $term, $event
		645
		646	=item on_property_notify $term, $event
		647
		648	=item on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
		649
		650	=item on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
		651
		652	=item on_button_press $term, $event
		653
		654	=item on_button_release $term, $event
		655
		656	=item on_motion_notify $term, $event
		657
		658	=item on_map_notify $term, $event
		659
		660	=item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
		661
		662	Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
		663	the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
		664
		665	The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
		666	manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the
		667	(real, not screen-based) row and column under the mouse cursor.
		668
		669	C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
		670	output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
		671
		672	subwindow.
		673
		674	=item on_client_message $term, $event
		675
		676	=item on_wm_protocols $term, $event
		677
		678	=item on_wm_delete_window $term, $event
		679
		680	Called when various types of ClientMessage events are received (all with
		681	format=32, WM_PROTOCOLS or WM_PROTOCOLS:WM_DELETE_WINDOW).
		682
		683	=back
		684
		685	=cut
		686
		687	package urxvt;
		688
		689	use utf8;
		690	use strict;
		691	use Carp ();
		692	use Scalar::Util ();
		693	use List::Util ();
		694
		695	our $VERSION = 1;
		696	our $TERM;
		697	our @TERM_INIT;
		698	our @TERM_EXT;
		699	our @HOOKNAME;
		700	our %HOOKTYPE = map +($HOOKNAME[$_] => $_), 0..$#HOOKNAME;
		701	our %OPTION;
		702
		703	our $LIBDIR;
		704	our $RESNAME;
		705	our $RESCLASS;
		706	our $RXVTNAME;
		707
		708	our $NOCHAR = chr 0xffff;
		709
		710	=head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
		711
		712	=over 4
		713
		714	=item $urxvt::LIBDIR
		715
		716	The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
		717	modules and scripts are stored.
		718
		719	=item $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
		720
		721	The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
		722
		723	=item $urxvt::RXVTNAME
		724
		725	The basename of the installed binaries, usually C<urxvt>.
		726
		727	=item $urxvt::TERM
		728
		729	The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
		730	object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
		731
		732	=item @urxvt::TERM_INIT
		733
		734	All code references in this array will be called as methods of the next newly
		735	created C<urxvt::term> object (during the C<on_init> phase). The array
		736	gets cleared before the code references that were in it are being executed,
		737	so references can push themselves onto it again if they so desire.
		738
		739	This complements to the perl-eval command line option, but gets executed
		740	first.
		741
		742	=item @urxvt::TERM_EXT
		743
		744	Works similar to C<@TERM_INIT>, but contains perl package/class names, which
		745	get registered as normal extensions after calling the hooks in C<@TERM_INIT>
		746	but before other extensions. Gets cleared just like C<@TERM_INIT>.
		747
127	=back	748	=back
128		749
129	=head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package	750	=head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
130		751
131	=over 4	752	=over 4
…		…
143	that calls this function.	764	that calls this function.
144		765
145	Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the	766	Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
146	correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.	767	correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
147		768
		769	Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
		770
		771	=item @terms = urxvt::termlist
		772
		773	Returns all urxvt::term objects that exist in this process, regardless of
		774	whether they are started, being destroyed etc., so be careful. Only term
		775	objects that have perl extensions attached will be returned (because there
		776	is no urxvt::term objet associated with others).
		777
148	=item $time = urxvt::NOW	778	=item $time = urxvt::NOW
149		779
150	Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).	780	Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
151		781
		782	=item urxvt::CurrentTime
		783
		784	=item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
		785	Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
		786	Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
		787
		788	=item urxvt::NoEventMask, KeyPressMask, KeyReleaseMask,
		789	ButtonPressMask, ButtonReleaseMask, EnterWindowMask, LeaveWindowMask,
		790	PointerMotionMask, PointerMotionHintMask, Button1MotionMask, Button2MotionMask,
		791	Button3MotionMask, Button4MotionMask, Button5MotionMask, ButtonMotionMask,
		792	KeymapStateMask, ExposureMask, VisibilityChangeMask, StructureNotifyMask,
		793	ResizeRedirectMask, SubstructureNotifyMask, SubstructureRedirectMask,
		794	FocusChangeMask, PropertyChangeMask, ColormapChangeMask, OwnerGrabButtonMask
		795
		796	=item urxvt::KeyPress, KeyRelease, ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, MotionNotify,
		797	EnterNotify, LeaveNotify, FocusIn, FocusOut, KeymapNotify, Expose,
		798	GraphicsExpose, NoExpose, VisibilityNotify, CreateNotify, DestroyNotify,
		799	UnmapNotify, MapNotify, MapRequest, ReparentNotify, ConfigureNotify,
		800	ConfigureRequest, GravityNotify, ResizeRequest, CirculateNotify,
		801	CirculateRequest, PropertyNotify, SelectionClear, SelectionRequest,
		802	SelectionNotify, ColormapNotify, ClientMessage, MappingNotify
		803
		804	Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
		805
		806	=back
		807
		808	=head2 RENDITION
		809
		810	Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
		811	similar information for each screen cell.
		812
		813	The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
		814	never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
		815	as they contain important information required for correct operation of
		816	rxvt-unicode.
		817
		818	=over 4
		819
		820	=item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
		821
		822	Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
		823	being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
		824
		825	=item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
		826
		827	Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
		828
		829	=item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
		830
		831	Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
		832	underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
		833	the bitset.
		834
		835	=item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
		836
		837	=item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
		838
		839	Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
		840
		841	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
		842
		843	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
		844
		845	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_COLOR $rend, $new_fg, $new_bg
		846
		847	Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
		848	specified one.
		849
		850	=item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
		851
		852	Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
		853	extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
		854	zero.
		855
		856	=item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
		857
		858	Change the custom value.
		859
		860	=back
		861
152	=cut	862	=cut
153		863
154	package urxvt;
155
156	use strict;
157
158	our $term;
159	our @HOOKNAME;
160	our $LIBDIR;
161
162	BEGIN {	864	BEGIN {
163	urxvt->bootstrap;
164
165	# overwrite perl's warn	865	# overwrite perl's warn
166	*CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {	866	*CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
167	my $msg = join "", @_;	867	my $msg = join "", @_;
168	$msg .= "\n"	868	$msg .= "\n"
169	unless $msg =~ /\n$/;	869	unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
170	urxvt::warn ($msg);	870	urxvt::warn ($msg);
171	};	871	};
172	}	872	}
173		873
174	my @hook_count;	874	no warnings 'utf8';
		875
175	my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};	876	my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
176		877
177	sub verbose {	878	sub verbose {
178	my ($level, $msg) = @_;	879	my ($level, $msg) = @_;
179	warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;	880	warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
180	}	881	}
181		882
182	# find on_xxx subs in the package and register them	883	my %extension_pkg;
183	# as hooks
184	sub register_package($) {
185	my ($pkg) = @_;
186
187	for my $htype (0.. $#HOOKNAME) {
188	my $name = $HOOKNAME[$htype];
189
190	my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)
191	or next;
192
193	$term->{_hook}[$htype]{$ref*1} = $ref;
194	$hook_count[$htype]++
195	or set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
196	}
197	}
198
199	my $script_pkg = "script0000";
200	my %script_pkg;
201		884
202	# load a single script into its own package, once only	885	# load a single script into its own package, once only
203	sub script_package($) {	886	sub extension_package($) {
204	my ($path) = @_;	887	my ($path) = @_;
205		888
206	$script_pkg{$path} ||= do {	889	$extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
207	my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($script_pkg++);	890	$path =~ /([^\/\\]+)$/;
		891	my $pkg = $1;
		892	$pkg =~ s/[^[:word:]]/_/g;
		893	$pkg = "urxvt::ext::$pkg";
208		894
209	verbose 3, "loading script '$path' into package '$pkg'";	895	verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
210		896
211	open my $fh, "<:raw", $path	897	open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
212	or die "$path: $!";	898	or die "$path: $!";
213		899
214	my $source = "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"	900	my $source =
		901	"package $pkg; use strict; use utf8; no warnings 'utf8';\n"
215	. "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"	902	. "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
216	. (do { local $/; <$fh> })	903	. (do { local $/; <$fh> })
217	. "\n};\n1";	904	. "\n};\n1";
218		905
		906	eval $source
219	eval $source or die "$path: $@";	907	or die "$path: $@";
220		908
221	$pkg	909	$pkg
222	}	910	}
223	}	911	}
224		912
		913	our $retval; # return value for urxvt
		914
225	# called by the rxvt core	915	# called by the rxvt core
226	sub invoke {	916	sub invoke {
227	local $term = shift;	917	local $TERM = shift;
228	my $htype = shift;	918	my $htype = shift;
229		919
230	if ($htype == 0) { # INIT	920	if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
231	my @dirs = ((split /:/, $term->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");	921	my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
		922
		923	my %ext_arg;
232		924
233	for my $ext (split /:/, $term->resource ("perl_ext")) {	925	{
		926	my @init = @TERM_INIT;
		927	@TERM_INIT = ();
		928	$_->($TERM) for @init;
		929	my @pkg = @TERM_EXT;
		930	@TERM_EXT = ();
		931	$TERM->register_package ($_) for @pkg;
		932	}
		933
		934	for (grep $_, map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
		935	if ($_ eq "default") {
		936	$ext_arg{$_} ||= [] for qw(selection option-popup selection-popup searchable-scrollback readline);
		937	} elsif (/^-(.*)$/) {
		938	delete $ext_arg{$1};
		939	} elsif (/^([^<]+)<(.*)>$/) {
		940	push @{ $ext_arg{$1} }, $2;
		941	} else {
		942	$ext_arg{$_} ||= [];
		943	}
		944	}
		945
		946	for my $ext (sort keys %ext_arg) {
234	my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;	947	my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
235		948
236	if (@files) {	949	if (@files) {
237	register_package script_package $files[0];	950	$TERM->register_package (extension_package $files[0], $ext_arg{$ext});
238	} else {	951	} else {
239	warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";	952	warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
240	}	953	}
241	}	954	}
242		955
243	} elsif ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY	956	eval "#line 1 \"--perl-eval resource/argument\"\n" . $TERM->resource ("perl_eval");
244	if (my $hook = $term->{_hook}) {	957	warn $@ if $@;
245	for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {	958	}
246	$hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }	959
247	or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;	960	$retval = undef;
		961
		962	if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
		963	verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
		964	if $verbosity >= 10;
		965
		966	for my $pkg (keys %$cb) {
		967	my $retval_ = eval { $cb->{$pkg}->($TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg}, @_) };
		968	$retval ||= $retval_;
		969
		970	if ($@) {
		971	$TERM->ungrab; # better to lose the grab than the session
		972	warn $@;
248	}	973	}
249	}	974	}
		975
		976	verbose 11, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] returning <$retval>"
		977	if $verbosity >= 11;
250	}	978	}
251		979
252	my $cb = $term->{_hook}[$htype]	980	if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
253	or return;	981	# clear package objects
		982	%$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
254		983
255	verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $term, @_) . ")"	984	# clear package
256	if $verbosity >= 10;	985	%$TERM = ();
257
258	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$cb) {
259	return 1 if $v->($term, @_);
260	}	986	}
261		987
		988	$retval
		989	}
		990
		991	sub SET_COLOR($$$) {
		992	SET_BGCOLOR (SET_FGCOLOR ($_[0], $_[1]), $_[2])
		993	}
		994
		995	# urxvt::term::extension
		996
		997	package urxvt::term::extension;
		998
		999	sub enable {
		1000	my ($self, %hook) = @_;
		1001	my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
		1002
		1003	while (my ($name, $cb) = each %hook) {
		1004	my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
		1005	defined $htype
		1006	or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
		1007
		1008	$self->set_should_invoke ($htype, +1)
		1009	unless exists $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg};
		1010
		1011	$self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $cb;
262	0	1012	}
263	}	1013	}
264		1014
265	=back	1015	sub disable {
		1016	my ($self, @hook) = @_;
		1017	my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
		1018
		1019	for my $name (@hook) {
		1020	my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
		1021	defined $htype
		1022	or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
		1023
		1024	$self->set_should_invoke ($htype, -1)
		1025	if delete $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg};
		1026	}
		1027	}
		1028
		1029	our $AUTOLOAD;
		1030
		1031	sub AUTOLOAD {
		1032	$AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
		1033	or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
		1034
		1035	eval qq{
		1036	sub $AUTOLOAD {
		1037	my \$proxy = shift;
		1038	\$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
		1039	}
		1040	1
		1041	} or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
		1042
		1043	goto &$AUTOLOAD;
		1044	}
		1045
		1046	sub DESTROY {
		1047	# nop
		1048	}
		1049
		1050	# urxvt::destroy_hook
		1051
		1052	sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
		1053	${$_[0]}->();
		1054	}
		1055
		1056	sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
		1057	bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
		1058	}
		1059
		1060	package urxvt::anyevent;
		1061
		1062	=head2 The C<urxvt::anyevent> Class
		1063
		1064	The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
		1065	C<AnyEvent> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
		1066	further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
		1067	condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
		1068	is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
		1069	work.
		1070
		1071	=cut
		1072
		1073	our $VERSION = 1;
		1074
		1075	$INC{"urxvt/anyevent.pm"} = 1; # mark us as there
		1076	push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::];
		1077
		1078	sub timer {
		1079	my ($class, %arg) = @_;
		1080
		1081	my $cb = $arg{cb};
		1082
		1083	urxvt::timer
		1084	->new
		1085	->start (urxvt::NOW + $arg{after})
		1086	->cb (sub {
		1087	$_[0]->stop; # need to cancel manually
		1088	$cb->();
		1089	})
		1090	}
		1091
		1092	sub io {
		1093	my ($class, %arg) = @_;
		1094
		1095	my $cb = $arg{cb};
		1096
		1097	bless [$arg{fh}, urxvt::iow
		1098	->new
		1099	->fd (fileno $arg{fh})
		1100	->events (($arg{poll} =~ /r/ ? 1 : 0)
		1101	| ($arg{poll} =~ /w/ ? 2 : 0))
		1102	->start
		1103	->cb (sub {
		1104	$cb->(($_[1] & 1 ? 'r' : '')
		1105	. ($_[1] & 2 ? 'w' : ''));
		1106	})],
		1107	urxvt::anyevent::
		1108	}
		1109
		1110	sub DESTROY {
		1111	$_[0][1]->stop;
		1112	}
		1113
		1114	sub condvar {
		1115	bless \my $flag, urxvt::anyevent::condvar::
		1116	}
		1117
		1118	sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::broadcast {
		1119	${$_[0]}++;
		1120	}
		1121
		1122	sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::wait {
		1123	unless (${$_[0]}) {
		1124	Carp::croak "AnyEvent->condvar blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
		1125	}
		1126	}
		1127
		1128	sub urxvt::anyevent::one_event {
		1129	Carp::croak "AnyEvent->one_event blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
		1130	}
		1131
		1132	package urxvt::term;
266		1133
267	=head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class	1134	=head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
268		1135
269	=over 4	1136	=over 4
		1137
		1138	=cut
		1139
		1140	# find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
		1141	# as hooks
		1142	sub register_package {
		1143	my ($self, $pkg, $argv) = @_;
		1144
		1145	no strict 'refs';
		1146
		1147	urxvt::verbose 6, "register package $pkg to $self";
		1148
		1149	@{"$pkg\::ISA"} = urxvt::term::extension::;
		1150
		1151	my $proxy = bless {
		1152	_pkg => $pkg,
		1153	argv => $argv,
		1154	}, $pkg;
		1155	Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $self);
		1156
		1157	$self->{_pkg}{$pkg} = $proxy;
		1158
		1159	for my $name (@HOOKNAME) {
		1160	if (my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)) {
		1161	$proxy->enable ($name => $ref);
		1162	}
		1163	}
		1164	}
		1165
		1166	=item $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]
		1167
		1168	Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
		1169	C<$rxvtname, arg...>. C<$envhashref> must be a reference to a C<%ENV>-like
		1170	hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
		1171
		1172	Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
		1173	couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new instance didn't
		1174	initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The C<init> and
		1175	C<start> hooks will be called before this call returns, and are free to
		1176	refer to global data (which is race free).
		1177
		1178	=cut
		1179
		1180	sub new {
		1181	my ($class, $env, @args) = @_;
		1182
		1183	$env or Carp::croak "environment hash missing in call to urxvt::term->new";
		1184	@args or Carp::croak "name argument missing in call to urxvt::term->new";
		1185
		1186	_new ([ map "$_=$env->{$_}", keys %$env ], \@args);
		1187	}
		1188
		1189	=item $term->destroy
		1190
		1191	Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
		1192	etc.). Please note that @@RXVT_NAME@@ will not exit as long as any event
		1193	watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
		1194
		1195	=item $term->exec_async ($cmd[, @args])
		1196
		1197	Works like the combination of the C<fork>/C<exec> builtins, which executes
		1198	("starts") programs in the background. This function takes care of setting
		1199	the user environment before exec'ing the command (e.g. C<PATH>) and should
		1200	be preferred over explicit calls to C<exec> or C<system>.
		1201
		1202	Returns the pid of the subprocess or C<undef> on error.
		1203
		1204	=cut
		1205
		1206	sub exec_async {
		1207	my $self = shift;
		1208
		1209	my $pid = fork;
		1210
		1211	return $pid
		1212	if !defined $pid or $pid;
		1213
		1214	%ENV = %{ $self->env };
		1215
		1216	exec @_;
		1217	urxvt::_exit 255;
		1218	}
		1219
		1220	=item $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
		1221
		1222	Returns true if the option specified by C<$optval> is enabled, and
		1223	optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
		1224	C<%urxvt::OPTION>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
		1225
		1226	Here is a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
		1227	source file F</src/optinc.h> to see the actual list:
		1228
		1229	borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
		1230	intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
		1231	override-redirect pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar
		1232	scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
		1233	scrollWithBuffer secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs
		1234	transparent tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell
270		1235
271	=item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])	1236	=item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
272		1237
273	Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and	1238	Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
274	optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>	1239	optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
…		…
283	likely change).	1248	likely change).
284		1249
285	Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the	1250	Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
286	terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.	1251	terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
287		1252
288	Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which	1253	Here is a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
289	are supported in every build, please see the source to see the actual	1254	are supported in every build, please see the source file F</src/rsinc.h>
290	list:	1255	to see the actual list:
291		1256
292	answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont	1257	answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
293	borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key	1258	borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
294	display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName	1259	display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
295	imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles	1260	imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
296	italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier	1261	italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert meta8 modifier
297	mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext	1262	mouseWheelScrollPage name override_redirect pastableTabs path perl_eval
298	perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd	1263	perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay
299	reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating	1264	preeditType print_pipe pty_fd reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar
300	scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput	1265	scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness
301	scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle	1266	scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle
302	shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords	1267	secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle shade term_name title
303	utmpInhibit visualBell	1268	transient_for transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords utmpInhibit
		1269	visualBell
304		1270
305	=cut	1271	=cut
306		1272
307	sub urxvt::term::resource($$;$) {	1273	sub resource($$;$) {
308	my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);	1274	my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
309	unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);	1275	unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
310	goto &urxvt::term::_resource;	1276	&urxvt::term::_resource
311	}	1277	}
		1278
		1279	=item $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
		1280
		1281	Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
		1282	class name, i.e. C<< $term->x_resource ("boldFont") >> should return the
		1283	same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns C<undef> if no
		1284	resource with that pattern exists.
		1285
		1286	This method should only be called during the C<on_start> hook, as there is
		1287	only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
		1288	the wrong resources.
		1289
		1290	=item $success = $term->parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)
		1291
		1292	Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
		1293	C<keysym> resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage.
		1294
		1295	=item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
		1296
		1297	Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
		1298	the terminal application will use this style.
		1299
		1300	=item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
		1301
		1302	Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
		1303	set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
312		1304
313	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])	1305	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
314		1306
315	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])	1307	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
316		1308
317	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])	1309	=item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
318		1310
319	Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,	1311	Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
320	and optionally set them to new values.	1312	and optionally set them to new values.
321		1313
		1314	=item $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
		1315
		1316	Tries to make a selection as set by C<selection_beg> and
		1317	C<selection_end>. If C<$rectangular> is true (default: false), a
		1318	rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
		1319	a selection.
		1320
322	=item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)	1321	=item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
323		1322
324	Try to request the primary selection from the server (for example, as set	1323	Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
325	by the next method).	1324	set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
		1325	is mostly useful from within C<on_sel_grab> hooks.
326		1326
327	=item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])	1327	=item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
328		1328
329	Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.	1329	Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
330		1330
331	=item $term->scr_overlay ($x, $y, $text)	1331	=item $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
332		1332
333	Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.	1333	Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
334		1334
335	=cut	1335	=cut
336		1336
337	sub urxvt::term::scr_overlay {	1337	sub overlay_simple {
338	my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;	1338	my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
339		1339
340	my @lines = split /\n/, $text;	1340	my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
341		1341
342	my $w = 0;	1342	my $w = List::Util::max map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines;
343	for (map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines) {
344	$w = $_ if $w < $_;
345	}
346		1343
347	$self->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);	1344	my $overlay = $self->overlay ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
348	$self->scr_overlay_set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;	1345	$overlay->set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
349	}
350		1346
		1347	$overlay
		1348	}
		1349
351	=item $term->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $width, $height)	1350	=item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
352		1351
353	Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given	1352	Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
354	width/height. A border will be put around the box. If either C<$x> or	1353	width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
355	C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the right/bottom side,	1354	(default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
356	respectively.
357		1355
358	=item $term->scr_overlay_off	1356	If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
		1357	around the box.
359		1358
360	Switch the overlay off again.	1359	If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
		1360	right/bottom side, respectively.
361		1361
362	=item $term->scr_overlay_set_char ($x, $y, $char, $rend = OVERLAY_RSTYLE)	1362	This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
		1363	as long as the perl object is referenced.
363		1364
364	Put a single character (specified numerically) at the given overlay	1365	The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
365	position.
366		1366
		1367	=over 4
		1368
367	=item $term->scr_overlay_set ($x, $y, $text)	1369	=item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
368		1370
369	Write a string at the given position into the overlay.	1371	Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
		1372	text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
		1373	at a specific position inside the overlay.
370		1374
		1375	=item $overlay->hide
		1376
		1377	If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
		1378
		1379	=item $overlay->show
		1380
		1381	If hidden, display the overlay again.
		1382
		1383	=back
		1384
		1385	=item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
		1386
		1387	Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
		1388	C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
		1389	currently).
		1390
		1391	=cut
		1392
		1393	sub popup {
		1394	my ($self, $event) = @_;
		1395
		1396	$self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
		1397	or return;
		1398
		1399	my $popup = bless {
		1400	term => $self,
		1401	event => $event,
		1402	}, urxvt::popup::;
		1403
		1404	Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
		1405
		1406	$self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
		1407	Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
		1408
		1409	$popup
		1410	}
		1411
371	=item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth $string	1412	=item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
372		1413
373	Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly	1414	Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
374	accounts for wide and combining characters.	1415	accounts for wide and combining characters.
375		1416
376	=item $octets = $term->locale_encode $string	1417	=item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
377		1418
378	Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.	1419	Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
379		1420
380	=item $string = $term->locale_decode $octets	1421	=item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
381		1422
382	Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.	1423	Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
383		1424
		1425	=item $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])
		1426
		1427	XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
		1428	(default: C<RS_RVid>), which I<MUST NOT> contain font styles. Useful in
		1429	refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
		1430
		1431	=item $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
		1432
		1433	Similar to C<scr_xor_span>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
		1434	whitespace will additionally be xored with the C<$rstyle2>, which defaults
		1435	to C<RS_RVid | RS_Uline>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
		1436	it instead. Both styles I<MUST NOT> contain font styles.
		1437
		1438	=item $term->scr_bell
		1439
		1440	Ring the bell!
		1441
		1442	=item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
		1443
		1444	Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
		1445	running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
		1446	codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
		1447	string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
		1448
		1449	Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
		1450	confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
		1451	C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
		1452
		1453	=item $term->scr_change_screen ($screen)
		1454
		1455	Switch to given screen - 0 primary, 1 secondary.
		1456
		1457	=item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
		1458
		1459	Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
		1460	locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
		1461	(escape codes) that will be interpreted.
		1462
384	=item $term->tt_write ($octets)	1463	=item $term->tt_write ($octets)
385		1464
386	Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To	1465	Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
387	pass characters instead of octets, you should convetr you strings first to	1466	pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
388	the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.	1467	to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
		1468
		1469	=item $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
		1470
		1471	Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
		1472	be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
		1473	description of C<< urxvt::timer->events >>. Make sure to always restore
		1474	the previous value.
		1475
		1476	=item $fd = $term->pty_fd
		1477
		1478	Returns the master file descriptor for the pty in use, or C<-1> if no pty
		1479	is used.
		1480
		1481	=item $windowid = $term->parent
		1482
		1483	Return the window id of the toplevel window.
		1484
		1485	=item $windowid = $term->vt
		1486
		1487	Return the window id of the terminal window.
		1488
		1489	=item $term->vt_emask_add ($x_event_mask)
		1490
		1491	Adds the specified events to the vt event mask. Useful e.g. when you want
		1492	to receive pointer events all the times:
		1493
		1494	$term->vt_emask_add (urxvt::PointerMotionMask);
		1495
		1496	=item $term->focus_in
		1497
		1498	=item $term->focus_out
		1499
		1500	=item $term->key_press ($state, $keycode[, $time])
		1501
		1502	=item $term->key_release ($state, $keycode[, $time])
		1503
		1504	Deliver various fake events to to terminal.
		1505
		1506	=item $window_width = $term->width
		1507
		1508	=item $window_height = $term->height
		1509
		1510	=item $font_width = $term->fwidth
		1511
		1512	=item $font_height = $term->fheight
		1513
		1514	=item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
		1515
		1516	=item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
		1517
		1518	=item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
		1519
		1520	=item $has_focus = $term->focus
		1521
		1522	=item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
		1523
		1524	=item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
		1525
		1526	=item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
		1527
		1528	=item $topmost_scrollback_row = $term->top_row
		1529
		1530	Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
		1531
		1532	=item $x_display = $term->display_id
		1533
		1534	Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
		1535
		1536	=item $lc_ctype = $term->locale
		1537
		1538	Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
		1539
		1540	=item $env = $term->env
		1541
		1542	Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
		1543	similar to C<\%ENV>.
		1544
		1545	=item @envv = $term->envv
		1546
		1547	Returns the environment as array of strings of the form C<VAR=VALUE>.
		1548
		1549	=item @argv = $term->argv
		1550
		1551	Return the argument vector as this terminal, similar to @ARGV, but
		1552	includes the program name as first element.
		1553
		1554	=cut
		1555
		1556	sub env {
		1557	+{ map /^([^=]+)(?:=(.*))?$/s && ($1 => $2), $_[0]->envv }
		1558	}
		1559
		1560	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
		1561
		1562	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
		1563
		1564	=item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
		1565
		1566	Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
		1567	AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
		1568
		1569	=item $screen = $term->current_screen
		1570
		1571	Returns the currently displayed screen (0 primary, 1 secondary).
		1572
		1573	=item $cursor_is_hidden = $term->hidden_cursor
		1574
		1575	Returns whether the cursor is currently hidden or not.
		1576
		1577	=item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
		1578
		1579	Returns the row number of the topmost displayed line. Maximum value is
		1580	C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Lower values scroll
		1581	this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
		1582
		1583	=item $term->want_refresh
		1584
		1585	Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
		1586	compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
		1587	differ, it redraws the differences.
		1588
		1589	Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
		1590
		1591	=item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
		1592
		1593	Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
		1594	is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
		1595	terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
		1596	line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
		1597	is requested.
		1598
		1599	If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
		1600	line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
		1601	to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
		1602	automatically be updated.
		1603
		1604	C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
		1605	than one cell when displayed are padded with C<$urxvt::NOCHAR> (chr 65535)
		1606	characters. Characters with combining characters and other characters that
		1607	do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with characters
		1608	in the private use area.
		1609
		1610	You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
		1611	that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
		1612	characters.
		1613
		1614	The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
		1615	can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
		1616
		1617	=item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
		1618
		1619	Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
		1620	bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
		1621	styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
		1622
		1623	When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
		1624
		1625	See the section on RENDITION, above.
		1626
		1627	=item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
		1628
		1629	Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
		1630	length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
		1631	line is joined with the following one.
		1632
		1633	=item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
		1634
		1635	Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
		1636	joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
		1637	and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
		1638	previous row(s)).
		1639
		1640	=item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
		1641
		1642	Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
		1643	about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
		1644	following methods:
		1645
		1646	=over 4
		1647
		1648	=item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
		1649
		1650	Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
		1651
		1652	=item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
		1653
		1654	Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
		1655
		1656	=item $length = $line->l
		1657
		1658	Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
		1659
		1660	=item $rownum = $line->beg
		1661
		1662	=item $rownum = $line->end
		1663
		1664	Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
		1665
		1666	=item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
		1667
		1668	Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
		1669	line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
		1670	offsets outside the string.
		1671
		1672	=item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
		1673
		1674	Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
389		1675
390	=back	1676	=back
		1677
		1678	=cut
		1679
		1680	sub line {
		1681	my ($self, $row) = @_;
		1682
		1683	my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
		1684
		1685	my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
		1686
		1687	--$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
		1688	++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
		1689
		1690	bless {
		1691	term => $self,
		1692	beg => $beg,
		1693	end => $end,
		1694	ncol => $self->ncol,
		1695	len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
		1696	}, urxvt::line::
		1697	}
		1698
		1699	sub urxvt::line::t {
		1700	my ($self) = @_;
		1701
		1702	if (@_ > 1)
		1703	{
		1704	$self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
		1705	for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
		1706	}
		1707
		1708	defined wantarray &&
		1709	substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
		1710	0, $self->{len}
		1711	}
		1712
		1713	sub urxvt::line::r {
		1714	my ($self) = @_;
		1715
		1716	if (@_ > 1)
		1717	{
		1718	$self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
		1719	for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
		1720	}
		1721
		1722	if (defined wantarray) {
		1723	my $rend = [
		1724	map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
		1725	];
		1726	$#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
		1727	return $rend;
		1728	}
		1729
		1730	()
		1731	}
		1732
		1733	sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
		1734	sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
		1735	sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
		1736
		1737	sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
		1738	my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
		1739
		1740	($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
		1741	}
		1742
		1743	sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
		1744	my ($self, $offset) = @_;
		1745
		1746	use integer;
		1747
		1748	(
		1749	$offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
		1750	$offset % $self->{ncol}
		1751	)
		1752	}
		1753
		1754	=item $text = $term->special_encode $string
		1755
		1756	Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
		1757	where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
		1758	C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
		1759
		1760	=item $string = $term->special_decode $text
		1761
		1762	Converts rxvt-unicodes text representation into a perl string. See
		1763	C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
		1764
		1765	=item $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask[, $window = $term->vt])
		1766
		1767	=item $term->ungrab_button ($button, $modifiermask[, $window = $term->vt])
		1768
		1769	Register/unregister a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton
		1770	manpage.
		1771
		1772	=item $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
		1773
		1774	Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
		1775	synchronous (C<$sync> is true). Also remembers the grab timestamp.
		1776
		1777	=item $term->allow_events_async
		1778
		1779	Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
		1780
		1781	=item $term->allow_events_sync
		1782
		1783	Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
		1784
		1785	=item $term->allow_events_replay
		1786
		1787	Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
		1788	recent grab.
		1789
		1790	=item $term->ungrab
		1791
		1792	Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
		1793	evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
		1794	the session.
		1795
		1796	=item $atom = $term->XInternAtom ($atom_name[, $only_if_exists])
		1797
		1798	=item $atom_name = $term->XGetAtomName ($atom)
		1799
		1800	=item @atoms = $term->XListProperties ($window)
		1801
		1802	=item ($type,$format,$octets) = $term->XGetWindowProperty ($window, $property)
		1803
		1804	=item $term->XChangeWindowProperty ($window, $property, $type, $format, $octets)
		1805
		1806	=item $term->XDeleteProperty ($window, $property)
		1807
		1808	=item $window = $term->DefaultRootWindow
		1809
		1810	=item $term->XReparentWindow ($window, $parent, [$x, $y])
		1811
		1812	=item $term->XMapWindow ($window)
		1813
		1814	=item $term->XUnmapWindow ($window)
		1815
		1816	=item $term->XMoveResizeWindow ($window, $x, $y, $width, $height)
		1817
		1818	=item ($x, $y, $child_window) = $term->XTranslateCoordinates ($src, $dst, $x, $y)
		1819
		1820	=item $term->XChangeInput ($window, $add_events[, $del_events])
		1821
		1822	Various X or X-related functions. The C<$term> object only serves as
		1823	the source of the display, otherwise those functions map more-or-less
		1824	directory onto the X functions of the same name.
		1825
		1826	=back
		1827
		1828	=cut
		1829
		1830	package urxvt::popup;
		1831
		1832	=head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
		1833
		1834	=over 4
		1835
		1836	=cut
		1837
		1838	sub add_item {
		1839	my ($self, $item) = @_;
		1840
		1841	$item->{rend}{normal} = "\x1b[0;30;47m" unless exists $item->{rend}{normal};
		1842	$item->{rend}{hover} = "\x1b[0;30;46m" unless exists $item->{rend}{hover};
		1843	$item->{rend}{active} = "\x1b[m" unless exists $item->{rend}{active};
		1844
		1845	$item->{render} ||= sub { $_[0]{text} };
		1846
		1847	push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
		1848	}
		1849
		1850	=item $popup->add_title ($title)
		1851
		1852	Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
		1853
		1854	=cut
		1855
		1856	sub add_title {
		1857	my ($self, $title) = @_;
		1858
		1859	$self->add_item ({
		1860	rend => { normal => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", hover => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", active => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m" },
		1861	text => $title,
		1862	activate => sub { },
		1863	});
		1864	}
		1865
		1866	=item $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
		1867
		1868	Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as C<$sepchr>.
		1869
		1870	=cut
		1871
		1872	sub add_separator {
		1873	my ($self, $sep) = @_;
		1874
		1875	$sep ||= "=";
		1876
		1877	$self->add_item ({
		1878	rend => { normal => "\x1b[0;30;47m", hover => "\x1b[0;30;47m", active => "\x1b[0;30;47m" },
		1879	text => "",
		1880	render => sub { $sep x $self->{term}->ncol },
		1881	activate => sub { },
		1882	});
		1883	}
		1884
		1885	=item $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
		1886
		1887	Adds a clickable button to the popup. C<$cb> is called whenever it is
		1888	selected.
		1889
		1890	=cut
		1891
		1892	sub add_button {
		1893	my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
		1894
		1895	$self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => $text, activate => $cb});
		1896	}
		1897
		1898	=item $popup->add_toggle ($text, $initial_value, $cb)
		1899
		1900	Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. The callback gets called
		1901	whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its new value as its
		1902	first argument.
		1903
		1904	=cut
		1905
		1906	sub add_toggle {
		1907	my ($self, $text, $value, $cb) = @_;
		1908
		1909	my $item; $item = {
		1910	type => "button",
		1911	text => " $text",
		1912	value => $value,
		1913	render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "* " : " ") . $text },
		1914	activate => sub { $cb->($_[1]{value} = !$_[1]{value}); },
		1915	};
		1916
		1917	$self->add_item ($item);
		1918	}
		1919
		1920	=item $popup->show
		1921
		1922	Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
		1923
		1924	=cut
		1925
		1926	sub show {
		1927	my ($self) = @_;
		1928
		1929	local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
		1930
		1931	my $env = $self->{term}->env;
		1932	# we can't hope to reproduce the locale algorithm, so nuke LC_ALL and set LC_CTYPE.
		1933	delete $env->{LC_ALL};
		1934	$env->{LC_CTYPE} = $self->{term}->locale;
		1935
		1936	urxvt::term->new ($env, "popup",
		1937	"--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "",
		1938	"-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0,
		1939	"-b" => 1, "-bd" => "grey80", "-bl", "-override-redirect",
		1940	"--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
		1941	"-display" => $self->{term}->display_id,
		1942	"-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
		1943	or die "unable to create popup window\n";
		1944	}
		1945
		1946	sub DESTROY {
		1947	my ($self) = @_;
		1948
		1949	delete $self->{term}{_destroy}{$self};
		1950	$self->{term}->ungrab;
		1951	}
		1952
		1953	=back
		1954
		1955	=cut
		1956
		1957	package urxvt::watcher;
		1958
		1959	@urxvt::timer::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1960	@urxvt::iow::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1961	@urxvt::pw::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
		1962	@urxvt::iw::ISA = __PACKAGE__;
391		1963
392	=head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class	1964	=head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
393		1965
394	This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a	1966	This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
395	fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:	1967	fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
396		1968
397	# create a digital clock display in upper right corner	1969	$term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
398	$term->{timer} = urxvt::timer	1970	$term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
399	->new	1971	->new
400	->start (urxvt::NOW)	1972	->interval (1)
401	->cb (sub {	1973	->cb (sub {
402	my ($timer) = @_;
403	my $time = $timer->at;
404	$timer->start ($time + 1);
405	$self->scr_overlay (-1, 0,	1974	$term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
406	POSIX::strftime "%H:%M:%S", localtime $time);	1975	sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
407	});	1976	});
408		1977
409	=over 4	1978	=over 4
410		1979
411	=item $timer = new urxvt::timer	1980	=item $timer = new urxvt::timer
412		1981
413	Create a new timer object in stopped state.	1982	Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
		1983	immediately.
414		1984
415	=item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })	1985	=item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
416		1986
417	Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.	1987	Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
418		1988
…		…
422		1992
423	=item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)	1993	=item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
424		1994
425	Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.	1995	Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
426		1996
		1997	=item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
		1998
		1999	Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
		2000	stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
		2001	is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
		2002
427	=item $timer = $timer->start	2003	=item $timer = $timer->start
428		2004
429	Start the timer.	2005	Start the timer.
430		2006
431	=item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)	2007	=item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
432		2008
433	Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.	2009	Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
		2010
		2011	=item $timer = $timer->after ($delay)
		2012
		2013	Like C<start>, but sets the expiry timer to c<urxvt::NOW + $delay>.
434		2014
435	=item $timer = $timer->stop	2015	=item $timer = $timer->stop
436		2016
437	Stop the timer.	2017	Stop the timer.
438		2018
…		…
444		2024
445	$term->{socket} = ...	2025	$term->{socket} = ...
446	$term->{iow} = urxvt::iow	2026	$term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
447	->new	2027	->new
448	->fd (fileno $term->{socket})	2028	->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
449	->events (1) # wait for read data	2029	->events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
450	->start	2030	->start
451	->cb (sub {	2031	->cb (sub {
452	my ($iow, $revents) = @_;	2032	my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
453	# $revents must be 1 here, no need to check	2033	# $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
454	sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192	2034	sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
…		…
467	Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>	2047	Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>
468	is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.	2048	is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.
469		2049
470	=item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)	2050	=item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
471		2051
472	Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.	2052	Set the file descriptor (not handle) to watch.
473		2053
474	=item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)	2054	=item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
475		2055
476	Set the event mask to watch. Bit #0 (value C<1>) enables watching for read	2056	Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
477	data, Bit #1 (value C<2>) enables watching for write data.	2057	C<urxvt::EVENT_READ> and C<urxvt::EVENT_WRITE>, which might be ORed
		2058	together, or C<urxvt::EVENT_NONE>.
478		2059
479	=item $iow = $iow->start	2060	=item $iow = $iow->start
480		2061
481	Start watching for requested events on the given handle.	2062	Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
482		2063
483	=item $iow = $iow->stop	2064	=item $iow = $iow->stop
484		2065
485	Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.	2066	Stop watching for events on the given file handle.
		2067
		2068	=back
		2069
		2070	=head2 The C<urxvt::iw> Class
		2071
		2072	This class implements idle watchers, that get called automatically when
		2073	the process is idle. They should return as fast as possible, after doing
		2074	some useful work.
		2075
		2076	=over 4
		2077
		2078	=item $iw = new urxvt::iw
		2079
		2080	Create a new idle watcher object in stopped state.
		2081
		2082	=item $iw = $iw->cb (sub { my ($iw) = @_; ... })
		2083
		2084	Set the callback to be called when the watcher triggers.
		2085
		2086	=item $timer = $timer->start
		2087
		2088	Start the watcher.
		2089
		2090	=item $timer = $timer->stop
		2091
		2092	Stop the watcher.
		2093
		2094	=back
		2095
		2096	=head2 The C<urxvt::pw> Class
		2097
		2098	This class implements process watchers. They create an event whenever a
		2099	process exits, after which they stop automatically.
		2100
		2101	my $pid = fork;
		2102	...
		2103	$term->{pw} = urxvt::pw
		2104	->new
		2105	->start ($pid)
		2106	->cb (sub {
		2107	my ($pw, $exit_status) = @_;
		2108	...
		2109	});
		2110
		2111	=over 4
		2112
		2113	=item $pw = new urxvt::pw
		2114
		2115	Create a new process watcher in stopped state.
		2116
		2117	=item $pw = $pw->cb (sub { my ($pw, $exit_status) = @_; ... })
		2118
		2119	Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
		2120
		2121	=item $pw = $timer->start ($pid)
		2122
		2123	Tells the watcher to start watching for process C<$pid>.
		2124
		2125	=item $pw = $pw->stop
		2126
		2127	Stop the watcher.
486		2128
487	=back	2129	=back
488		2130
489	=head1 ENVIRONMENT	2131	=head1 ENVIRONMENT
490		2132
…		…
493	This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher	2135	This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
494	numbers indicate more verbose output.	2136	numbers indicate more verbose output.
495		2137
496	=over 4	2138	=over 4
497		2139
498	=item 0 - only fatal messages	2140	=item == 0 - fatal messages
499		2141
500	=item 3 - script loading and management	2142	=item >= 3 - script loading and management
501		2143
502	=item 10 - all events received	2144	=item >=10 - all called hooks
		2145
		2146	=item >=11 - hook return values
503		2147
504	=back	2148	=back
505		2149
506	=head1 AUTHOR	2150	=head1 AUTHOR
507		2151

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