AnyEvent-MP/MP/Intro.pod

=head1 Message Passing for the Non-Blocked Mind

=head1 Introduction and Terminology

This is a tutorial about how to get the swing of the new L<AnyEvent::MP>
module, which allows us to transparently pass messages to our own process
and to other processes on another or the same host.

What kind of messages? Well, basically a message here means a list of Perl
strings, numbers, hashes and arrays, anything that can be expressed as a
L<JSON> text (as JSON is used by default in the protocol). Here is an example:

    [123, ["a", "b", "c"], { foo => 'bar' }]

When using L<AnyEvent::MP> you should usually use a string as first element
of a message, which describes the type of the
message. That element is called a I<tag> in L<AnyEvent::MP>, as some
API functions (C<rcv>) support matching it directly. So supposedly you want to
send a ping message with your current time to something, this is how such a
message might look like (in Perl syntax):

   ['ping', 1251381636]

The next interesting question is: Between which entities are those messages
being I<passed>? They are I<passed> between I<ports>. I<ports> are just sources
and destinations for messages. How do these ports relate to things you know?
Well, each I<port> belongs to a I<node>, and a I<node> is just the UNIX process
that runs your L<AnyEvent::MP> application.

Each I<node> is distinguished from other I<nodes>, that run on the same host or
multiple hosts in a network, by it's I<node ID>. A I<node ID> can be manually
assigned or L<AnyEvent::MP> will assign one it self for you.

Here is a visualisation about how I<nodes>, I<ports> and UNIX processes
relate to each other. The setup consists of two nodes (more are of
course possible): Node C<A> (in UNIX process 7066) with the ports C<ABC> and C<DEF>.
And the node C<B> (in UNIX process 8321) with the ports C<FOO> and C<BAR>.


  |- PID: 7066 -|                  |- PID: 8321 -|
  |             |                  |             |
  | Node ID: A  |                  | Node ID: B  |
  |             |                  |             |
  |   Port ABC =|= <----\ /-----> =|= Port FOO   |
  |             |        X         |             |
  |   Port DEF =|= <----/ \-----> =|= Port BAR   |
  |             |                  |             |
  |-------------|                  |-------------|

The strings for the I<port ids> here are just for illustrative purposes.  Even
if in reality I<ports> in L<AnyEvent::MP> are also identified by strings they
can't be choosen manually and are assigned randomly. These I<port ids> should
also not be used directly for other purposes than referring to an endpoint for
messages.

The next sections will explain the API of L<AnyEvent::MP> by going through a
few simple examples. Later some more complex idioms are introduced, which are
maybe useful to solve some real world problems.

=head1 Passing Your First Message

As start lets have a look at the messaging API. The next example is just a
demo to show the basic elements of message passing with L<AnyEvent::MP>.
It shout just print: "Ending with: 123". So here the code:

   use AnyEvent;
   use AnyEvent::MP;

   my $end_cv = AnyEvent->condvar;

   my $port = port;

   rcv $port, test => sub {
      my ($data) = @_;
      $end_cv->send ($data);
   };

   snd $port, test => 123;

   print "Ending with: " . $end_cv->recv . "\n";

It already contains most functions of the essential L<AnyEvent::MP> API.

First there is the C<port> function which will create a I<port> and will return
it's I<port id>.

That I<port id> can be used to send and receive messages. That I<port id> is a
simple string and can be safely passed to other I<nodes> in the network to
refer to that specific port (usually used for RPC, where you need to
tell the other end which I<port> to send the reply to).

Next function is C<rcv>:

   rcv $port, test => sub { ... };

It sets up a receiver callback on a specific I<port> which needs to be
specified as the first argument. The next argument, in this example C<test>, is
a I<tag> match. This means that whenever a message, with the first element
being the string C<tag>, is received the callback is called with the remaining
parts of that message.

Messages can be send with the C<snd> function, which looks like this in the
example above:

   snd $port, test => 123;

This will send the message C<['test', 123]> to the I<port> with the I<port id>
in C<$port>. The receiver got a I<tag> match on C<test> and will call the
callback with the first argument being the number C<123>.

That callback then just passes that number on to the I<condition variable>
C<$end_cv> which will then pass the value to the print. But I<condition
variables> are out of the scope of this tutorial. So please consult the
L<AnyEvent::Intro> about them.

But passing messages inside one process is boring, but before we can continue
and take the next step to interprocess message passing we first have to make
sure some things have been setup.

=head1 System Requirements and System Setup

Before we can start with real IPC we have to make sure some things work on your
system.

First we have to setup a I<shared secret>: for two L<AnyEvent::MP> I<nodes> to
be able to communicate with each other and authenticate each other it is
necessary to setup the same I<shared secret> for both of them (or use TLS
certificates).

The easiest way is to set this up is to use the F<aemp> utility:

   aemp gensecret

This creates a F<$HOME/.perl-anyevent-mp> config file and generates a random
shared secret. You can copy this file to any other system and then communicate
over the network (via TCP) with it. You can also select your own shared secret
(F<aemp setsecret>) and for increased security requirements you can even create
a TLS certificate (F<aemp gencert>), causing connections to not just be
authenticated, but also to be encrypted.

Connections will only be successful when the I<nodes> that want to connect to
each other have the same I<shared secret> (or successfully verify the TLS
certificate of the other side).

B<If something does not work as expected, and for example tcpdump shows
that the connections are closed almost immediately, you should make sure
that F<~/.perl-anyevent-mp> is the same on all hosts/user accounts that
you try to connect with each other!>

Thats all for now, there is more fiddling around with the C<aemp> utility
later.

=head1 Passing Messages Between Processes

=head2 The Receiver

Lets split the previous example up into two small programs. First the
receiver application:

   #!/opt/perl/bin/perl
   use AnyEvent;
   use AnyEvent::MP;
   use AnyEvent::MP::Global;

   initialise_node "eg_simple_receiver";

   my $port = port;

   AnyEvent::MP::Global::register $port, "eg_receivers";

   rcv $port, test => sub {
      my ($data, $reply_port) = @_;

      print "Received data: " . $data . "\n";
   };

   AnyEvent->condvar->recv;

=head3 AnyEvent::MP::Global

Now, that wasn't too bad, was it? Ok, lets step through the new functions
and modules that have been used. For starters there is now an additional
module loaded: L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>.

That module provides us with a I<global registry>, which lets us share data
among all I<nodes> in a network. Why do we need it you might ask?

The thing is, that the I<port ids> are just random strings, assigned by
L<AnyEvent::MP>.  We can't know those I<port ids> in advance, so we don't know
which I<port id> to send messages to if the message is to be passed between
I<nodes> (or UNIX processes). To find the right I<port> of another I<node> in
the network we will need to communicate that somehow to the sender.  And
exactly that is what L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> provides.

=head3 initialise_node And The Network

Now, lets have a look at the next new thing, the C<initialise_node>:

   initialise_node "eg_simple_receiver";

Before we are able to send messages to other nodes we have to initialise
ourself. The first argument, the string C<"eg_simple_receiver">, is called the
I<profile> of this node. A profile holds some information about the application
that is going to be a node in an L<AnyEvent::MP> network.

Most importantly the profile allows you to set the I<node id> that your
application will use. You can also set I<binds> in the profile, meaning that
you can define TCP ports that the application will listen on for incoming
connections from other nodes of the network.

Next you can configure I<seeds> in profile. A I<seed> is just a TCP endpoint
which tells the application where to find other nodes of it's network. To
explain this a bit more detailed we have to look at the topology of an
L<AnyEvent::MP> network. The topology is called a I<fully connected mesh>, here
an example with 4 nodes:

   N1--N2
   | \/ |
   | /\ |
   N3--N4

Now imagine another I<node> C<N5>. wants to connect itself to that network:

   N1--N2
   | \/ |    N5
   | /\ |
   N3--N4

The new node needs to know the I<binds> of all of those 4 already connected
nodes. And exactly this is what the I<seeds> are for. Now lets assume that
the new node C<N5> has as I<seed> the TCP endpoint of the node C<N2>.
It then connects to C<N2>:

   N1--N2____
   | \/ |    N5
   | /\ |
   N3--N4

C<N2> then tells C<N5> the I<binds> of the other nodes it is connected to,
and C<N5> builds up the rest of the connections:

    /--------\
   N1--N2____|
   | \/ |    N5
   | /\ |   /|
   N3--N4--- |
    \________/

Finished. C<N5> is now happily connected to the rest of the network.

=head3 Setting Up The Profiles

Ok, so much to the profile. Now lets setup the C<eg_simple_receiver> I<profile>
for later. For the receiver we just give the receiver a I<bind>:

   aemp profile eg_simple_receiver setbinds localhost:12266

And while we are at it, just setup the I<profile> for the sender in the second
part of this example too. We will call the sender I<profile>
C<eg_simple_sender>. For the sender we will just setup a I<seed> to the
receiver:

   aemp profile eg_simple_sender setseeds localhost:12266
   aemp profile eg_simple_sender setbinds

You might wonder why we setup I<binds> to be empty here. Well, there can be
exceptions to the I<fully> in the I<fully connected mesh> in L<AnyEvent::MP>.
If you don't configure a I<bind> for a node's profile it won't bind itself
somewhere. These kinds of I<nodes> will not be able to send messages to other
I<nodes> that also didn't I<bind> them self to some TCP address. For this
example, as well as some cases in the real world, we can live with this
limitation.

=head3 Registering The Receiver

Ok, where were we. We now discussed the basic purpose of L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>
and initialise_node with it's relations to profiles. We also setup our profiles
for later use and now have to continue talking about the receiver example.

Lets look at the next undiscussed line(s) of code:

   my $port = port;
   AnyEvent::MP::Global::register $port, "eg_receivers";

The C<port> function already has been discussed. It just creates a new I<port>
and gives us the I<port id>. Now to the C<register> function of
L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>: The first argument is a I<port id> that we want to add
to a I<global group>, and it's second argument is the name of that I<global
group>.

You can choose that name of such a I<global group> freely, and it's purpose is
to store a set of I<port ids>. That set is made available throughout the whole
L<AnyEvent::MP> network, so that each node can see which ports belong to that
group.

The sender will later look for the ports in that I<global group> and send
messages to them.

Last step in the example is to setup a receiver callback for those messages
like we have discussed in the first example. We again match for the I<tag>
C<test>. The difference is just that we don't end the application after
receiving the first message. We just infinitely continue to look out for new
messages.

=head2 The Sender

Ok, now lets take a look at the sender:

   #!/opt/perl/bin/perl
   use AnyEvent;
   use AnyEvent::MP;
   use AnyEvent::MP::Global;

   initialise_node "eg_simple_sender";

   my $find_timer =
      AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, interval => 1, cb => sub {
         my $ports = AnyEvent::MP::Global::find "eg_receivers"
            or return;

         snd $_, test => time
            for @$ports;
      });

   AnyEvent->condvar->recv;

It's even less code. The C<initialise_node> is known now from the receiver
above. As discussed in the section where we setup the profiles we configure
this application to use the I<profile> C<eg_simple_sender>.

Next we setup a timer that repeatedly calls this chunk of code:

   my $ports = AnyEvent::MP::Global::find "eg_receivers"
      or return;

   snd $_, test => time
      for @$ports;

The new function here is the C<find> function of L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>.  It
searches in the I<global group> named C<eg_receivers> for ports. If none are
found C<undef> is returned and we wait for the next time the timer fires.

In case the receiver application has been connected and the newly added port by
the receiver has propagated to the sender C<find> returns an array reference
that contains the I<port id> of the receiver I<port(s)>.

We then just send to every I<port> in the I<global group> a message consisting
of the I<tag> C<test> and the current time in form of a UNIX timestamp.

And thats all.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<AnyEvent>

L<AnyEvent::Handle>

L<AnyEvent::MP>

L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>

=head1 AUTHOR

  Robin Redeker <elmex@ta-sa.org>

Revision:	1.22
Committed:	Fri Aug 28 17:03:02 2009 UTC (17 years ago) by elmex
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.21:	+2 -1 lines
Log Message:	small fix.
#	User	Rev	Content
1	root	1.4	=head1 Message Passing for the Non-Blocked Mind
2	elmex	1.1
3	root	1.8	=head1 Introduction and Terminology
4	elmex	1.1
5	root	1.4	This is a tutorial about how to get the swing of the new L<AnyEvent::MP>
6	root	1.14	module, which allows us to transparently pass messages to our own process
7	root	1.8	and to other processes on another or the same host.
8	elmex	1.1
9	root	1.15	What kind of messages? Well, basically a message here means a list of Perl
10			strings, numbers, hashes and arrays, anything that can be expressed as a
11	elmex	1.21	L<JSON> text (as JSON is used by default in the protocol). Here is an example:
12	elmex	1.1
13	elmex	1.21	[123, ["a", "b", "c"], { foo => 'bar' }]
14
15			When using L<AnyEvent::MP> you should usually use a string as first element
16			of a message, which describes the type of the
17			message. That element is called a I<tag> in L<AnyEvent::MP>, as some
18	elmex	1.17	API functions (C<rcv>) support matching it directly. So supposedly you want to
19			send a ping message with your current time to something, this is how such a
20			message might look like (in Perl syntax):
21	elmex	1.1
22	elmex	1.17	['ping', 1251381636]
23	elmex	1.7
24	elmex	1.21	The next interesting question is: Between which entities are those messages
25			being I<passed>? They are I<passed> between I<ports>. I<ports> are just sources
26			and destinations for messages. How do these ports relate to things you know?
27			Well, each I<port> belongs to a I<node>, and a I<node> is just the UNIX process
28			that runs your L<AnyEvent::MP> application.
29	elmex	1.17
30	elmex	1.21	Each I<node> is distinguished from other I<nodes>, that run on the same host or
31			multiple hosts in a network, by it's I<node ID>. A I<node ID> can be manually
32	elmex	1.17	assigned or L<AnyEvent::MP> will assign one it self for you.
33
34	elmex	1.21	Here is a visualisation about how I<nodes>, I<ports> and UNIX processes
35			relate to each other. The setup consists of two nodes (more are of
36			course possible): Node C<A> (in UNIX process 7066) with the ports C<ABC> and C<DEF>.
37			And the node C<B> (in UNIX process 8321) with the ports C<FOO> and C<BAR>.
38	elmex	1.17
39
40			\|- PID: 7066 -\| \|- PID: 8321 -\|
41			\| \| \| \|
42			\| Node ID: A \| \| Node ID: B \|
43			\| \| \| \|
44			\| Port ABC =\|= <----\ /-----> =\|= Port FOO \|
45			\| \| X \| \|
46			\| Port DEF =\|= <----/ \-----> =\|= Port BAR \|
47			\| \| \| \|
48			\|-------------\| \|-------------\|
49
50	elmex	1.21	The strings for the I<port ids> here are just for illustrative purposes. Even
51			if in reality I<ports> in L<AnyEvent::MP> are also identified by strings they
52			can't be choosen manually and are assigned randomly. These I<port ids> should
53			also not be used directly for other purposes than referring to an endpoint for
54	elmex	1.17	messages.
55
56	elmex	1.21	The next sections will explain the API of L<AnyEvent::MP> by going through a
57			few simple examples. Later some more complex idioms are introduced, which are
58			maybe useful to solve some real world problems.
59	root	1.8
60	elmex	1.16	=head1 Passing Your First Message
61
62			As start lets have a look at the messaging API. The next example is just a
63			demo to show the basic elements of message passing with L<AnyEvent::MP>.
64			It shout just print: "Ending with: 123". So here the code:
65
66			use AnyEvent;
67			use AnyEvent::MP;
68
69			my $end_cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
70
71			my $port = port;
72
73			rcv $port, test => sub {
74			my ($data) = @_;
75			$end_cv->send ($data);
76			};
77
78			snd $port, test => 123;
79
80			print "Ending with: " . $end_cv->recv . "\n";
81
82	elmex	1.17	It already contains most functions of the essential L<AnyEvent::MP> API.
83
84			First there is the C<port> function which will create a I<port> and will return
85			it's I<port id>.
86
87			That I<port id> can be used to send and receive messages. That I<port id> is a
88			simple string and can be safely passed to other I<nodes> in the network to
89			refer to that specific port (usually used for RPC, where you need to
90			tell the other end which I<port> to send the reply to).
91
92			Next function is C<rcv>:
93	elmex	1.16
94	elmex	1.17	rcv $port, test => sub { ... };
95	elmex	1.16
96	elmex	1.17	It sets up a receiver callback on a specific I<port> which needs to be
97			specified as the first argument. The next argument, in this example C<test>, is
98			a I<tag> match. This means that whenever a message, with the first element
99			being the string C<tag>, is received the callback is called with the remaining
100			parts of that message.
101
102			Messages can be send with the C<snd> function, which looks like this in the
103			example above:
104
105			snd $port, test => 123;
106
107			This will send the message C<['test', 123]> to the I<port> with the I<port id>
108			in C<$port>. The receiver got a I<tag> match on C<test> and will call the
109			callback with the first argument being the number C<123>.
110
111			That callback then just passes that number on to the I<condition variable>
112			C<$end_cv> which will then pass the value to the print. But I<condition
113			variables> are out of the scope of this tutorial. So please consult the
114			L<AnyEvent::Intro> about them.
115
116			But passing messages inside one process is boring, but before we can continue
117			and take the next step to interprocess message passing we first have to make
118			sure some things have been setup.
119
120			=head1 System Requirements and System Setup
121
122			Before we can start with real IPC we have to make sure some things work on your
123			system.
124
125			First we have to setup a I<shared secret>: for two L<AnyEvent::MP> I<nodes> to
126			be able to communicate with each other and authenticate each other it is
127			necessary to setup the same I<shared secret> for both of them (or use TLS
128			certificates).
129
130			The easiest way is to set this up is to use the F<aemp> utility:
131
132			aemp gensecret
133
134			This creates a F<$HOME/.perl-anyevent-mp> config file and generates a random
135			shared secret. You can copy this file to any other system and then communicate
136			over the network (via TCP) with it. You can also select your own shared secret
137			(F<aemp setsecret>) and for increased security requirements you can even create
138			a TLS certificate (F<aemp gencert>), causing connections to not just be
139			authenticated, but also to be encrypted.
140
141			Connections will only be successful when the I<nodes> that want to connect to
142			each other have the same I<shared secret> (or successfully verify the TLS
143			certificate of the other side).
144
145			B<If something does not work as expected, and for example tcpdump shows
146			that the connections are closed almost immediately, you should make sure
147			that F<~/.perl-anyevent-mp> is the same on all hosts/user accounts that
148			you try to connect with each other!>
149	elmex	1.16
150	elmex	1.18	Thats all for now, there is more fiddling around with the C<aemp> utility
151			later.
152
153			=head1 Passing Messages Between Processes
154
155			=head2 The Receiver
156
157			Lets split the previous example up into two small programs. First the
158			receiver application:
159
160			#!/opt/perl/bin/perl
161			use AnyEvent;
162			use AnyEvent::MP;
163			use AnyEvent::MP::Global;
164
165			initialise_node "eg_simple_receiver";
166
167			my $port = port;
168
169			AnyEvent::MP::Global::register $port, "eg_receivers";
170
171			rcv $port, test => sub {
172			my ($data, $reply_port) = @_;
173
174			print "Received data: " . $data . "\n";
175			};
176
177			AnyEvent->condvar->recv;
178
179			=head3 AnyEvent::MP::Global
180
181			Now, that wasn't too bad, was it? Ok, lets step through the new functions
182			and modules that have been used. For starters there is now an additional
183			module loaded: L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>.
184
185			That module provides us with a I<global registry>, which lets us share data
186			among all I<nodes> in a network. Why do we need it you might ask?
187
188	elmex	1.20	The thing is, that the I<port ids> are just random strings, assigned by
189			L<AnyEvent::MP>. We can't know those I<port ids> in advance, so we don't know
190			which I<port id> to send messages to if the message is to be passed between
191			I<nodes> (or UNIX processes). To find the right I<port> of another I<node> in
192			the network we will need to communicate that somehow to the sender. And
193			exactly that is what L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> provides.
194	elmex	1.18
195			=head3 initialise_node And The Network
196
197			Now, lets have a look at the next new thing, the C<initialise_node>:
198
199			initialise_node "eg_simple_receiver";
200
201			Before we are able to send messages to other nodes we have to initialise
202			ourself. The first argument, the string C<"eg_simple_receiver">, is called the
203			I<profile> of this node. A profile holds some information about the application
204			that is going to be a node in an L<AnyEvent::MP> network.
205
206			Most importantly the profile allows you to set the I<node id> that your
207			application will use. You can also set I<binds> in the profile, meaning that
208			you can define TCP ports that the application will listen on for incoming
209			connections from other nodes of the network.
210
211			Next you can configure I<seeds> in profile. A I<seed> is just a TCP endpoint
212			which tells the application where to find other nodes of it's network. To
213			explain this a bit more detailed we have to look at the topology of an
214			L<AnyEvent::MP> network. The topology is called a I<fully connected mesh>, here
215			an example with 4 nodes:
216
217			N1--N2
218			\| \/ \|
219			\| /\ \|
220			N3--N4
221
222			Now imagine another I<node> C<N5>. wants to connect itself to that network:
223
224			N1--N2
225			\| \/ \| N5
226			\| /\ \|
227			N3--N4
228
229			The new node needs to know the I<binds> of all of those 4 already connected
230			nodes. And exactly this is what the I<seeds> are for. Now lets assume that
231			the new node C<N5> has as I<seed> the TCP endpoint of the node C<N2>.
232			It then connects to C<N2>:
233
234			N1--N2____
235			\| \/ \| N5
236			\| /\ \|
237			N3--N4
238
239			C<N2> then tells C<N5> the I<binds> of the other nodes it is connected to,
240			and C<N5> builds up the rest of the connections:
241
242			/--------\
243			N1--N2____\|
244			\| \/ \| N5
245			\| /\ \| /\|
246			N3--N4--- \|
247			\________/
248
249			Finished. C<N5> is now happily connected to the rest of the network.
250
251	elmex	1.19	=head3 Setting Up The Profiles
252
253			Ok, so much to the profile. Now lets setup the C<eg_simple_receiver> I<profile>
254			for later. For the receiver we just give the receiver a I<bind>:
255
256			aemp profile eg_simple_receiver setbinds localhost:12266
257
258			And while we are at it, just setup the I<profile> for the sender in the second
259			part of this example too. We will call the sender I<profile>
260			C<eg_simple_sender>. For the sender we will just setup a I<seed> to the
261			receiver:
262
263			aemp profile eg_simple_sender setseeds localhost:12266
264	elmex	1.22	aemp profile eg_simple_sender setbinds
265	elmex	1.19
266	elmex	1.22	You might wonder why we setup I<binds> to be empty here. Well, there can be
267	elmex	1.19	exceptions to the I<fully> in the I<fully connected mesh> in L<AnyEvent::MP>.
268			If you don't configure a I<bind> for a node's profile it won't bind itself
269			somewhere. These kinds of I<nodes> will not be able to send messages to other
270			I<nodes> that also didn't I<bind> them self to some TCP address. For this
271			example, as well as some cases in the real world, we can live with this
272			limitation.
273
274			=head3 Registering The Receiver
275
276			Ok, where were we. We now discussed the basic purpose of L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>
277			and initialise_node with it's relations to profiles. We also setup our profiles
278			for later use and now have to continue talking about the receiver example.
279
280			Lets look at the next undiscussed line(s) of code:
281
282			my $port = port;
283			AnyEvent::MP::Global::register $port, "eg_receivers";
284
285			The C<port> function already has been discussed. It just creates a new I<port>
286			and gives us the I<port id>. Now to the C<register> function of
287			L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>: The first argument is a I<port id> that we want to add
288			to a I<global group>, and it's second argument is the name of that I<global
289			group>.
290
291			You can choose that name of such a I<global group> freely, and it's purpose is
292			to store a set of I<port ids>. That set is made available throughout the whole
293			L<AnyEvent::MP> network, so that each node can see which ports belong to that
294			group.
295
296			The sender will later look for the ports in that I<global group> and send
297			messages to them.
298
299			Last step in the example is to setup a receiver callback for those messages
300			like we have discussed in the first example. We again match for the I<tag>
301			C<test>. The difference is just that we don't end the application after
302			receiving the first message. We just infinitely continue to look out for new
303			messages.
304
305	elmex	1.20	=head2 The Sender
306	root	1.8
307	elmex	1.20	Ok, now lets take a look at the sender:
308	root	1.4
309	elmex	1.20	#!/opt/perl/bin/perl
310	elmex	1.1	use AnyEvent;
311			use AnyEvent::MP;
312	elmex	1.20	use AnyEvent::MP::Global;
313	elmex	1.1
314	elmex	1.20	initialise_node "eg_simple_sender";
315	elmex	1.1
316	elmex	1.20	my $find_timer =
317			AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, interval => 1, cb => sub {
318			my $ports = AnyEvent::MP::Global::find "eg_receivers"
319			or return;
320
321			snd $_, test => time
322			for @$ports;
323			});
324	elmex	1.1
325			AnyEvent->condvar->recv;
326
327	elmex	1.20	It's even less code. The C<initialise_node> is known now from the receiver
328			above. As discussed in the section where we setup the profiles we configure
329			this application to use the I<profile> C<eg_simple_sender>.
330	root	1.10
331	elmex	1.20	Next we setup a timer that repeatedly calls this chunk of code:
332	elmex	1.1
333	elmex	1.20	my $ports = AnyEvent::MP::Global::find "eg_receivers"
334			or return;
335	elmex	1.2
336	elmex	1.20	snd $_, test => time
337			for @$ports;
338	elmex	1.1
339	elmex	1.20	The new function here is the C<find> function of L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>. It
340			searches in the I<global group> named C<eg_receivers> for ports. If none are
341			found C<undef> is returned and we wait for the next time the timer fires.
342	elmex	1.1
343	elmex	1.20	In case the receiver application has been connected and the newly added port by
344			the receiver has propagated to the sender C<find> returns an array reference
345			that contains the I<port id> of the receiver I<port(s)>.
346	elmex	1.1
347	elmex	1.20	We then just send to every I<port> in the I<global group> a message consisting
348			of the I<tag> C<test> and the current time in form of a UNIX timestamp.
349	elmex	1.7
350	elmex	1.20	And thats all.
351	elmex	1.7
352	elmex	1.1	=head1 SEE ALSO
353
354			L<AnyEvent>
355
356			L<AnyEvent::Handle>
357
358			L<AnyEvent::MP>
359
360	elmex	1.20	L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>
361
362	elmex	1.1	=head1 AUTHOR
363
364			Robin Redeker <elmex@ta-sa.org>
365	root	1.4