| 1 |
=head1 NAME |
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
AnyEvent::MP - multi-processing/message-passing framework |
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
| 6 |
|
| 7 |
use AnyEvent::MP; |
| 8 |
|
| 9 |
$NODE # contains this node's noderef |
| 10 |
NODE # returns this node's noderef |
| 11 |
NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
| 12 |
|
| 13 |
snd $port, type => data...; |
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
$SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
| 16 |
|
| 17 |
rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->($port, @msg); |
| 18 |
|
| 19 |
# examples: |
| 20 |
rcv $port2, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
| 21 |
rcv $port1, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n" }; |
| 22 |
snd $port2, ping => $port1; |
| 23 |
|
| 24 |
# more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
| 25 |
rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
| 26 |
rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
| 27 |
|
| 28 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
| 29 |
|
| 30 |
This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
| 31 |
|
| 32 |
Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
| 33 |
on the same or other hosts. |
| 34 |
|
| 35 |
For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
| 36 |
manual page. |
| 37 |
|
| 38 |
At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
| 39 |
so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
| 40 |
stay tuned! The basic API should be finished, however. |
| 41 |
|
| 42 |
=head1 CONCEPTS |
| 43 |
|
| 44 |
=over 4 |
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
=item port |
| 47 |
|
| 48 |
A port is something you can send messages to with the C<snd> function, and |
| 49 |
you can register C<rcv> handlers with. All C<rcv> handlers will receive |
| 50 |
messages they match, messages will not be queued. |
| 51 |
|
| 52 |
=item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
| 53 |
|
| 54 |
A port id is always the noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as separator, followed |
| 55 |
by a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). |
| 56 |
|
| 57 |
=item node |
| 58 |
|
| 59 |
A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
| 60 |
port. You can send messages to node ports to let them create new ports, |
| 61 |
among other things. |
| 62 |
|
| 63 |
Initially, nodes are either private (single-process only) or hidden |
| 64 |
(connected to a master node only). Only when they epxlicitly "become |
| 65 |
public" can you send them messages from unrelated other nodes. |
| 66 |
|
| 67 |
=item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
| 68 |
|
| 69 |
A noderef is a string that either uniquely identifies a given node (for |
| 70 |
private and hidden nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
| 71 |
node (for public nodes). |
| 72 |
|
| 73 |
=back |
| 74 |
|
| 75 |
=head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
| 76 |
|
| 77 |
=over 4 |
| 78 |
|
| 79 |
=cut |
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
package AnyEvent::MP; |
| 82 |
|
| 83 |
use AnyEvent::MP::Base; |
| 84 |
|
| 85 |
use common::sense; |
| 86 |
|
| 87 |
use Carp (); |
| 88 |
|
| 89 |
use AE (); |
| 90 |
|
| 91 |
use base "Exporter"; |
| 92 |
|
| 93 |
our $VERSION = '0.02'; |
| 94 |
our @EXPORT = qw( |
| 95 |
NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
| 96 |
become_slave become_public |
| 97 |
snd rcv mon kil reg psub |
| 98 |
port |
| 99 |
); |
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
our $SELF; |
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
sub _self_die() { |
| 104 |
my $msg = $@; |
| 105 |
$msg =~ s/\n+$// unless ref $msg; |
| 106 |
kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
| 107 |
} |
| 108 |
|
| 109 |
=item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains |
| 112 |
the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call |
| 113 |
to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port |
| 114 |
identifiers become invalid. |
| 115 |
|
| 116 |
=item $noderef = node_of $portid |
| 117 |
|
| 118 |
Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef. |
| 119 |
|
| 120 |
=item $SELF |
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
| 123 |
blocks. |
| 124 |
|
| 125 |
=item SELF, %SELF, @SELF... |
| 126 |
|
| 127 |
Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
| 128 |
just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
| 129 |
module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
| 130 |
|
| 131 |
=item snd $portid, type => @data |
| 132 |
|
| 133 |
=item snd $portid, @msg |
| 134 |
|
| 135 |
Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
| 136 |
a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
| 137 |
stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
| 138 |
|
| 139 |
While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use a |
| 140 |
string as first element (a portid, or some word that indicates a request |
| 141 |
type etc.). |
| 142 |
|
| 143 |
The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
| 144 |
function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
| 145 |
problems. |
| 146 |
|
| 147 |
The type of data you can transfer depends on the transport protocol: when |
| 148 |
JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
| 149 |
of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
| 150 |
that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
| 151 |
node, anything can be passed. |
| 152 |
|
| 153 |
=item kil $portid[, @reason] |
| 154 |
|
| 155 |
Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
| 156 |
|
| 157 |
If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
| 158 |
ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
| 159 |
|
| 160 |
Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
| 161 |
C<mon>, see below). |
| 162 |
|
| 163 |
Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
| 164 |
will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
| 165 |
|
| 166 |
Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
| 167 |
$message >>. |
| 168 |
|
| 169 |
=item $guard = mon $portid, $cb->(@reason) |
| 170 |
|
| 171 |
=item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport |
| 172 |
|
| 173 |
=item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport, @msg |
| 174 |
|
| 175 |
Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed. |
| 176 |
|
| 177 |
In the first form, the callback is simply called with any number |
| 178 |
of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
| 179 |
"normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
| 180 |
C<eval> if unsure. |
| 181 |
|
| 182 |
In the second form, the other port will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff |
| 183 |
a @reason was specified, i.e. on "normal" kils nothing happens, while |
| 184 |
under all other conditions, the other port is killed with the same reason. |
| 185 |
|
| 186 |
In the last form, a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be C<snd>. |
| 187 |
|
| 188 |
Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
| 189 |
|
| 190 |
mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
| 191 |
|
| 192 |
Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
| 193 |
|
| 194 |
mon $port, $self; |
| 195 |
|
| 196 |
Example: send us a restart message another C<$port> is killed. |
| 197 |
|
| 198 |
mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
| 199 |
|
| 200 |
=cut |
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
sub mon { |
| 203 |
my ($noderef, $port, $cb) = ((split /#/, shift, 2), shift); |
| 204 |
|
| 205 |
my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
| 206 |
|
| 207 |
#TODO: ports must not be references |
| 208 |
if (!ref $cb or "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $cb) { |
| 209 |
if (@_) { |
| 210 |
# send a kill info message |
| 211 |
my (@msg) = ($cb, @_); |
| 212 |
$cb = sub { snd @msg, @_ }; |
| 213 |
} else { |
| 214 |
# simply kill other port |
| 215 |
my $port = $cb; |
| 216 |
$cb = sub { kil $port, @_ if @_ }; |
| 217 |
} |
| 218 |
} |
| 219 |
|
| 220 |
$node->monitor ($port, $cb); |
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
defined wantarray |
| 223 |
and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) } |
| 224 |
} |
| 225 |
|
| 226 |
=item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref... |
| 227 |
|
| 228 |
Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port |
| 229 |
is killed, the references will be freed. |
| 230 |
|
| 231 |
Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring. |
| 232 |
|
| 233 |
This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and |
| 234 |
want to free them when the port gets killed: |
| 235 |
|
| 236 |
$port->rcv (start => sub { |
| 237 |
my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub { |
| 238 |
undef $timer if 0.9 < rand; |
| 239 |
}); |
| 240 |
}); |
| 241 |
|
| 242 |
=cut |
| 243 |
|
| 244 |
sub mon_guard { |
| 245 |
my ($port, @refs) = @_; |
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs } |
| 248 |
} |
| 249 |
|
| 250 |
=item lnk $port1, $port2 |
| 251 |
|
| 252 |
Link two ports. This is simply a shorthand for: |
| 253 |
|
| 254 |
mon $port1, $port2; |
| 255 |
mon $port2, $port1; |
| 256 |
|
| 257 |
It means that if either one is killed abnormally, the other one gets |
| 258 |
killed as well. |
| 259 |
|
| 260 |
=item $local_port = port |
| 261 |
|
| 262 |
Create a new local port object that supports message matching. |
| 263 |
|
| 264 |
=item $portid = port { my @msg = @_; $finished } |
| 265 |
|
| 266 |
Creates a "mini port", that is, a very lightweight port without any |
| 267 |
pattern matching behind it, and returns its ID. |
| 268 |
|
| 269 |
The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the |
| 270 |
callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port |
| 271 |
will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive. |
| 272 |
|
| 273 |
The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will |
| 274 |
be passed to the callback. |
| 275 |
|
| 276 |
If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely: |
| 277 |
|
| 278 |
my $port; $port = miniport { |
| 279 |
snd $otherport, reply => $port; |
| 280 |
}; |
| 281 |
|
| 282 |
=cut |
| 283 |
|
| 284 |
sub port(;&) { |
| 285 |
my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
| 286 |
my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
| 287 |
|
| 288 |
if (@_) { |
| 289 |
my $cb = shift; |
| 290 |
$PORT{$id} = sub { |
| 291 |
local $SELF = $port; |
| 292 |
eval { |
| 293 |
&$cb |
| 294 |
and kil $id; |
| 295 |
}; |
| 296 |
_self_die if $@; |
| 297 |
}; |
| 298 |
} else { |
| 299 |
my $self = bless { |
| 300 |
id => "$NODE#$id", |
| 301 |
}, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
| 302 |
|
| 303 |
$PORT_DATA{$id} = $self; |
| 304 |
$PORT{$id} = sub { |
| 305 |
local $SELF = $port; |
| 306 |
|
| 307 |
eval { |
| 308 |
for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) { |
| 309 |
$_ && &{$_->[0]} |
| 310 |
&& undef $_; |
| 311 |
} |
| 312 |
|
| 313 |
for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) { |
| 314 |
$_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
| 315 |
&& &{$_->[0]} |
| 316 |
&& undef $_; |
| 317 |
} |
| 318 |
|
| 319 |
for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
| 320 |
$_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
| 321 |
&& &{$_->[0]} |
| 322 |
&& undef $_; |
| 323 |
} |
| 324 |
}; |
| 325 |
_self_die if $@; |
| 326 |
}; |
| 327 |
} |
| 328 |
|
| 329 |
$port |
| 330 |
} |
| 331 |
|
| 332 |
=item reg $portid, $name |
| 333 |
|
| 334 |
Registers the given port under the name C<$name>. If the name already |
| 335 |
exists it is replaced. |
| 336 |
|
| 337 |
A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
| 338 |
|
| 339 |
A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed. |
| 340 |
|
| 341 |
=cut |
| 342 |
|
| 343 |
sub reg(@) { |
| 344 |
my ($portid, $name) = @_; |
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
$REG{$name} = $portid; |
| 347 |
} |
| 348 |
|
| 349 |
=item rcv $portid, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ... |
| 350 |
|
| 351 |
=item rcv $portid, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ... |
| 352 |
|
| 353 |
=item rcv $portid, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ... |
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given port. |
| 356 |
|
| 357 |
The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
| 358 |
which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
| 359 |
registered. |
| 360 |
|
| 361 |
The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$portid> while |
| 362 |
executing the callback. |
| 363 |
|
| 364 |
Runtime errors wdurign callback execution will result in the port being |
| 365 |
C<kil>ed. |
| 366 |
|
| 367 |
If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
| 368 |
first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
| 369 |
matched. |
| 370 |
|
| 371 |
Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
| 372 |
exported by this module) matches any single element of the message. |
| 373 |
|
| 374 |
While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
| 375 |
element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
| 376 |
also the most efficient match (by far). |
| 377 |
|
| 378 |
=cut |
| 379 |
|
| 380 |
sub rcv($@) { |
| 381 |
my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
| 382 |
|
| 383 |
($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
| 384 |
or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
| 385 |
|
| 386 |
my $self = $PORT_DATA{$port} |
| 387 |
or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
| 388 |
|
| 389 |
"AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
| 390 |
or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
| 391 |
|
| 392 |
while (@_) { |
| 393 |
my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
| 394 |
|
| 395 |
if (!ref $match) { |
| 396 |
push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
| 397 |
} elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
| 398 |
my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
| 399 |
@match |
| 400 |
? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
| 401 |
: push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
| 402 |
} else { |
| 403 |
push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
| 404 |
} |
| 405 |
} |
| 406 |
} |
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
=item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
| 409 |
|
| 410 |
Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
| 411 |
closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
| 412 |
callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
| 413 |
|
| 414 |
This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
| 415 |
|
| 416 |
rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
| 417 |
my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
| 418 |
my $timer = AE::timer $delay, 0, psub { |
| 419 |
snd @reply, $SELF; |
| 420 |
}; |
| 421 |
}; |
| 422 |
|
| 423 |
=cut |
| 424 |
|
| 425 |
sub psub(&) { |
| 426 |
my $cb = shift; |
| 427 |
|
| 428 |
my $port = $SELF |
| 429 |
or Carp::croak "psub can only be called from within rcv or psub callbacks, not"; |
| 430 |
|
| 431 |
sub { |
| 432 |
local $SELF = $port; |
| 433 |
|
| 434 |
if (wantarray) { |
| 435 |
my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
| 436 |
_self_die if $@; |
| 437 |
@res |
| 438 |
} else { |
| 439 |
my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
| 440 |
_self_die if $@; |
| 441 |
$res |
| 442 |
} |
| 443 |
} |
| 444 |
} |
| 445 |
|
| 446 |
=back |
| 447 |
|
| 448 |
=head1 FUNCTIONS FOR NODES |
| 449 |
|
| 450 |
=over 4 |
| 451 |
|
| 452 |
=item become_public endpoint... |
| 453 |
|
| 454 |
Tells the node to become a public node, i.e. reachable from other nodes. |
| 455 |
|
| 456 |
If no arguments are given, or the first argument is C<undef>, then |
| 457 |
AnyEvent::MP tries to bind on port C<4040> on all IP addresses that the |
| 458 |
local nodename resolves to. |
| 459 |
|
| 460 |
Otherwise the first argument must be an array-reference with transport |
| 461 |
endpoints ("ip:port", "hostname:port") or port numbers (in which case the |
| 462 |
local nodename is used as hostname). The endpoints are all resolved and |
| 463 |
will become the node reference. |
| 464 |
|
| 465 |
=cut |
| 466 |
|
| 467 |
=back |
| 468 |
|
| 469 |
=head1 NODE MESSAGES |
| 470 |
|
| 471 |
Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
| 472 |
arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
| 473 |
message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
| 474 |
the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
| 475 |
|
| 476 |
=over 4 |
| 477 |
|
| 478 |
=cut |
| 479 |
|
| 480 |
=item lookup => $name, @reply |
| 481 |
|
| 482 |
Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
| 483 |
|
| 484 |
=item devnull => ... |
| 485 |
|
| 486 |
Generic data sink/CPU heat conversion. |
| 487 |
|
| 488 |
=item relay => $port, @msg |
| 489 |
|
| 490 |
Simply forwards the message to the given port. |
| 491 |
|
| 492 |
=item eval => $string[ @reply] |
| 493 |
|
| 494 |
Evaluates the given string. If C<@reply> is given, then a message of the |
| 495 |
form C<@reply, $@, @evalres> is sent. |
| 496 |
|
| 497 |
Example: crash another node. |
| 498 |
|
| 499 |
snd $othernode, eval => "exit"; |
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
=item time => @reply |
| 502 |
|
| 503 |
Replies the the current node time to C<@reply>. |
| 504 |
|
| 505 |
Example: tell the current node to send the current time to C<$myport> in a |
| 506 |
C<timereply> message. |
| 507 |
|
| 508 |
snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
| 509 |
# => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
| 510 |
|
| 511 |
=back |
| 512 |
|
| 513 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
| 514 |
|
| 515 |
L<AnyEvent>. |
| 516 |
|
| 517 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
| 518 |
|
| 519 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
| 520 |
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
| 521 |
|
| 522 |
=cut |
| 523 |
|
| 524 |
1 |
| 525 |
|
