[ViewVC] Annotation of: cvs/cvsroot/Linux-Inotify2/README

NAME
    Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification

SYNOPSIS
  Callback Interface
     use Linux::Inotify2;

     # create a new object
     my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
        or die "unable to create new inotify object: $!";
 
     # add watchers
     $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
        my $e = shift;
        my $name = $e->fullname;
        print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
        print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
        print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
        print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
 
        # cancel this watcher: remove no further events
        $e->w->cancel;
     });

     # integration into AnyEvent (works with EV, Glib, Tk, POE...)
     my $inotify_w = AnyEvent->io (
        fh => $inofity->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll }
     );

     # manual event loop
     1 while $inotify->poll;

  Streaming Interface
     use Linux::Inotify2 ;

     # create a new object
     my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
        or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!" ;

     # create watch
     $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS)
        or die "watch creation failed" ;

     while () {
       my @events = $inotify->read;
       unless (@events > 0) {
         print "read error: $!";
         last ;
       }
       printf "mask\t%d\n", $_->mask foreach @events ; 
     }

DESCRIPTION
    This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later
    Inotify file/directory change notification system.

    It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:

       - it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
       - the equivalent of fullname works correctly
       - it is better documented
       - it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
         integration.

  The Linux::Inotify2 Class
    my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
        Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of
        a container that stores watches on file system names and is
        responsible for handling event data.

        On error, "undef" is returned and $! will be set accordingly. The
        following errors are documented:

         ENFILE   The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
         EMFILE   The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
         ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory is available.

        Example:

           my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
              or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";

    $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask[, $cb])
        Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create
        events on the pathname $name as given in $mask, which can be any of
        the following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.

        "file" refers to any file system object in the watched object
        (always a directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device
        nodes etc., while "object" refers to the object the watcher has been
        set on itself:

         IN_ACCESS            object was accessed
         IN_MODIFY            object was modified
         IN_ATTRIB            object metadata changed
         IN_CLOSE_WRITE       writable fd to file / to object was closed
         IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE     readonly fd to file / to object closed
         IN_OPEN              object was opened
         IN_MOVED_FROM        file was moved from this object (directory)
         IN_MOVED_TO          file was moved to this object (directory)
         IN_CREATE            file was created in this object (directory)
         IN_DELETE            file was deleted from this object (directory)
         IN_DELETE_SELF       object itself was deleted
         IN_MOVE_SELF         object itself was moved
         IN_ALL_EVENTS        all of the above events

         IN_ONESHOT           only send event once
         IN_ONLYDIR           only watch the path if it is a directory
         IN_DONT_FOLLOW       don't follow a sym link
         IN_MASK_ADD          not supported with the current version of this module

         IN_CLOSE             same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
         IN_MOVE              same as IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO

        $cb is a perl code reference that, if given, is called for each
        event. It receives a "Linux::Inotify2::Event" object.

        The returned $watch object is of class "Linux::Inotify2::Watch".

        On error, "undef" is returned and $! will be set accordingly. The
        following errors are documented:

         EBADF    The given file descriptor is not valid.
         EINVAL   The given event mask contains no legal events.
         ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory was available.
         ENOSPC   The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
         EACCESS  Read access to the given file is not permitted.

        Example, show when "/etc/passwd" gets accessed and/or modified once:

           $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY, sub {
              my $e = shift;
              print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
              print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
              print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
              print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;

              $e->w->cancel;
           });

    $inotify->fileno
        Returns the file descriptor for this notify object. When in
        non-blocking mode, you are responsible for calling the "poll" method
        when this file descriptor becomes ready for reading.

    $inotify->blocking ($blocking)
        Clears ($blocking true) or sets ($blocking false) the "O_NONBLOCK"
        flag on the file descriptor.

    $count = $inotify->poll
        Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify file
        descriptor is blocking (the default), then this method waits for at
        least one event (and thus returns true unless an error occurs).
        Otherwise it returns immediately when no pending events could be
        read.

        Returns the count of events that have been handled.

    @events = $inotify->read
        Reads events from the kernel. Blocks when the file descriptor is in
        blocking mode (default) until any event arrives. Returns list of
        "Linux::Inotify2::Event" objects or empty list if none (non-blocking
        mode) or error occurred ($! should be checked).

        Normally you shouldn't use this function, but instead use watcher
        callbacks and call "->poll".

  The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class
    Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watcher
    callback. It has the following members and methods:

    $event->w
    $event->{w}
        The watcher object for this event.

    $event->name
    $event->{name}
        The path of the file system object, relative to the watched name.

    $event->fullname
        Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the
        "name" member of the watcher (if the watch object is on a directory
        and a directory entry is affected), or simply the "name" member
        itself when the object is the watch object itself.

    $event->mask
    $event->{mask}
        The received event mask. In addition to the events described for
        "$inotify->watch", the following flags (exported by default) can be
        set:

         IN_ISDIR             event object is a directory
         IN_Q_OVERFLOW        event queue overflowed

         # when any of the following flags are set,
         # then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
         IN_UNMOUNT           filesystem for watched object was unmounted
         IN_IGNORED           file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
         IN_ONESHOT           only one event was generated

    $event->IN_xxx
        Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask contains any
        events specified by the mask. All of the "IN_xxx" constants can be
        used as methods.

    $event->cookie
    $event->{cookie}
        The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this
        value is set when two events relating to the same file are
        generated. As far as I know, this only happens for "IN_MOVED_FROM"
        and "IN_MOVED_TO" events, to identify the old and new name of a
        file.

  The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class
    Watcher objects are created by calling the "watch" method of a notifier.

    It has the following members and methods:

    $watch->name
    $watch->{name}
        The name as specified in the "watch" call. For the object itself,
        this is the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of
        the entry without leading path elements.

    $watch->mask
    $watch->{mask}
        The mask as specified in the "watch" call.

    $watch->cb ([new callback])
    $watch->{cb}
        The callback as specified in the "watch" call. Can optionally be
        changed.

    $watch->cancel
        Cancels/removes this watcher. Future events, even if already queued
        queued, will not be handled and resources will be freed.

SEE ALSO
    AnyEvent, Linux::Inotify.

AUTHOR
     Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
     http://home.schmorp.de/

Revision:	1.10
Committed:	Tue Jun 14 06:41:51 2011 UTC (15 years, 3 months ago) by root
Branch:	MAIN
CVS Tags:	rel-1_22
Changes since 1.9:	+35 -30 lines
Log Message:	1.22
#	User	Rev	Content
1	root	1.1	NAME
2	root	1.2	Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification
3	root	1.1
4			SYNOPSIS
5	root	1.8	Callback Interface
6	root	1.2	use Linux::Inotify2;
7	root	1.1
8	root	1.3	# create a new object
9			my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
10	root	1.8	or die "unable to create new inotify object: $!";
11	root	1.9
12			# add watchers
13	root	1.3	$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
14			my $e = shift;
15			my $name = $e->fullname;
16			print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
17			print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
18			print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
19			print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
20	root	1.9
21			# cancel this watcher: remove no further events
22	root	1.3	$e->w->cancel;
23			});
24
25	root	1.9	# integration into AnyEvent (works with EV, Glib, Tk, POE...)
26			my $inotify_w = AnyEvent->io (
27			fh => $inofity->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll }
28	root	1.8	);
29
30			# manual event loop
31			1 while $inotify->poll;
32
33	root	1.6	Streaming Interface
34			use Linux::Inotify2 ;
35
36			# create a new object
37			my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
38			or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!" ;
39
40			# create watch
41			$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS)
42			or die "watch creation failed" ;
43
44			while () {
45			my @events = $inotify->read;
46			unless (@events > 0) {
47			print "read error: $!";
48			last ;
49			}
50			printf "mask\t%d\n", $_->mask foreach @events ;
51			}
52
53	root	1.1	DESCRIPTION
54	root	1.3	This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later
55	root	1.10	Inotify file/directory change notification system.
56	root	1.2
57	root	1.3	It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:
58	root	1.2
59			- it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
60			- the equivalent of fullname works correctly
61			- it is better documented
62			- it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
63			integration.
64
65	root	1.4	The Linux::Inotify2 Class
66	root	1.2	my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
67			Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of
68	root	1.10	a container that stores watches on file system names and is
69	root	1.2	responsible for handling event data.
70
71			On error, "undef" is returned and $! will be set accordingly. The
72	root	1.10	following errors are documented:
73	root	1.2
74			ENFILE The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
75			EMFILE The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
76			ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory is available.
77
78	root	1.3	Example:
79
80			my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
81			or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
82
83	root	1.6	$watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask[, $cb])
84	root	1.2	Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create
85			events on the pathname $name as given in $mask, which can be any of
86	root	1.3	the following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.
87
88	root	1.10	"file" refers to any file system object in the watched object
89	root	1.3	(always a directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device
90	root	1.10	nodes etc., while "object" refers to the object the watcher has been
91	root	1.3	set on itself:
92
93			IN_ACCESS object was accessed
94			IN_MODIFY object was modified
95			IN_ATTRIB object metadata changed
96			IN_CLOSE_WRITE writable fd to file / to object was closed
97			IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE readonly fd to file / to object closed
98			IN_OPEN object was opened
99			IN_MOVED_FROM file was moved from this object (directory)
100			IN_MOVED_TO file was moved to this object (directory)
101			IN_CREATE file was created in this object (directory)
102			IN_DELETE file was deleted from this object (directory)
103			IN_DELETE_SELF object itself was deleted
104	root	1.5	IN_MOVE_SELF object itself was moved
105	root	1.3	IN_ALL_EVENTS all of the above events
106	root	1.2
107			IN_ONESHOT only send event once
108	root	1.7	IN_ONLYDIR only watch the path if it is a directory
109			IN_DONT_FOLLOW don't follow a sym link
110			IN_MASK_ADD not supported with the current version of this module
111	root	1.2
112	root	1.3	IN_CLOSE same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE \| IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
113			IN_MOVE same as IN_MOVED_FROM \| IN_MOVED_TO
114	root	1.2
115	root	1.6	$cb is a perl code reference that, if given, is called for each
116			event. It receives a "Linux::Inotify2::Event" object.
117	root	1.2
118			The returned $watch object is of class "Linux::Inotify2::Watch".
119
120			On error, "undef" is returned and $! will be set accordingly. The
121			following errors are documented:
122
123			EBADF The given file descriptor is not valid.
124			EINVAL The given event mask contains no legal events.
125			ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
126			ENOSPC The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
127			EACCESS Read access to the given file is not permitted.
128
129			Example, show when "/etc/passwd" gets accessed and/or modified once:
130
131			$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS \| IN_MODIFY, sub {
132			my $e = shift;
133			print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
134			print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
135			print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
136			print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
137
138			$e->w->cancel;
139			});
140
141	root	1.3	$inotify->fileno
142	root	1.10	Returns the file descriptor for this notify object. When in
143			non-blocking mode, you are responsible for calling the "poll" method
144			when this file descriptor becomes ready for reading.
145	root	1.2
146	root	1.6	$inotify->blocking ($blocking)
147			Clears ($blocking true) or sets ($blocking false) the "O_NONBLOCK"
148			flag on the file descriptor.
149
150	root	1.3	$count = $inotify->poll
151	root	1.10	Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify file
152			descriptor is blocking (the default), then this method waits for at
153			least one event (and thus returns true unless an error occurs).
154			Otherwise it returns immediately when no pending events could be
155			read.
156	root	1.2
157			Returns the count of events that have been handled.
158
159	root	1.10	@events = $inotify->read
160			Reads events from the kernel. Blocks when the file descriptor is in
161			blocking mode (default) until any event arrives. Returns list of
162			"Linux::Inotify2::Event" objects or empty list if none (non-blocking
163			mode) or error occurred ($! should be checked).
164
165			Normally you shouldn't use this function, but instead use watcher
166			callbacks and call "->poll".
167	root	1.6
168	root	1.2	The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class
169	root	1.10	Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watcher
170	root	1.2	callback. It has the following members and methods:
171
172			$event->w
173			$event->{w}
174			The watcher object for this event.
175
176			$event->name
177			$event->{name}
178	root	1.10	The path of the file system object, relative to the watched name.
179	root	1.2
180	root	1.10	$event->fullname
181	root	1.2	Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the
182	root	1.10	"name" member of the watcher (if the watch object is on a directory
183			and a directory entry is affected), or simply the "name" member
184			itself when the object is the watch object itself.
185	root	1.2
186			$event->mask
187			$event->{mask}
188	root	1.10	The received event mask. In addition to the events described for
189			"$inotify->watch", the following flags (exported by default) can be
190	root	1.2	set:
191
192	root	1.3	IN_ISDIR event object is a directory
193			IN_Q_OVERFLOW event queue overflowed
194	root	1.2
195	root	1.5	# when any of the following flags are set,
196			# then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
197	root	1.10	IN_UNMOUNT filesystem for watched object was unmounted
198	root	1.3	IN_IGNORED file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
199	root	1.5	IN_ONESHOT only one event was generated
200	root	1.2
201			$event->IN_xxx
202	root	1.10	Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask contains any
203			events specified by the mask. All of the "IN_xxx" constants can be
204			used as methods.
205	root	1.2
206			$event->cookie
207			$event->{cookie}
208	root	1.5	The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this
209			value is set when two events relating to the same file are
210			generated. As far as I know, this only happens for "IN_MOVED_FROM"
211			and "IN_MOVED_TO" events, to identify the old and new name of a
212			file.
213	root	1.2
214			The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class
215	root	1.10	Watcher objects are created by calling the "watch" method of a notifier.
216	root	1.2
217			It has the following members and methods:
218
219			$watch->name
220			$watch->{name}
221	root	1.7	The name as specified in the "watch" call. For the object itself,
222			this is the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of
223			the entry without leading path elements.
224	root	1.2
225			$watch->mask
226			$watch->{mask}
227	root	1.7	The mask as specified in the "watch" call.
228	root	1.2
229			$watch->cb ([new callback])
230			$watch->{cb}
231	root	1.7	The callback as specified in the "watch" call. Can optionally be
232			changed.
233	root	1.2
234			$watch->cancel
235	root	1.10	Cancels/removes this watcher. Future events, even if already queued
236	root	1.7	queued, will not be handled and resources will be freed.
237	root	1.1
238			SEE ALSO
239	root	1.8	AnyEvent, Linux::Inotify.
240	root	1.1
241			AUTHOR
242			Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
243			http://home.schmorp.de/
244