ViewVC Help
View File | Revision Log | Show Annotations | Download File
/cvs/AnyEvent/Changes
Revision: 1.191
Committed: Wed Oct 1 07:40:39 2008 UTC (15 years, 7 months ago) by root
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.190: +13 -0 lines
Log Message:
*** empty log message ***

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 root 1.1 Revision history for Perl extension AnyEvent.
2    
3 root 1.191 4.3
4     - fix a bug in AnyEvent::Handle where in SSL connect mode, the
5     client would first wait for some data by the server and
6     otherwise hang. (Reported and analyzed in an absolutely
7     exemplary manner by Adam Rosenstein).
8     - fix a bug in AnyEvent::Handle where SSL EOF would not be treated
9     as stream EOF, putting the connection into a hung state.
10     (Reported and analyzed in an absolutely exemplary manner by Adam
11     Rosenstein).
12     - fix a potential segfault in AnyEvent::Handle when the TLS context
13     would go missing in a read callback (e.g. due to stoptls) -
14     Net::SSLeay of course makes no type checking whatsoever.
15    
16 root 1.190 4.234 Mon Sep 29 04:08:13 CEST 2008
17 root 1.189 - fix child watcher documentation: only child exits will be reported,
18     no trace events.
19 root 1.190 - mention SIGPIPE in AnyEvent::Handle.
20     - perl backend will now use POSIX::times as monotonic clock
21 root 1.188 when available and the monotonic clock option is not.
22 root 1.187 - run even without Time::HiRes in some cases now, but do not
23 root 1.190 provide sub-second accuracy (all *supported* perl versions have
24 root 1.187 Time::HiRes).
25    
26 root 1.186 4.233 Fri Aug 22 01:48:05 CEST 2008
27     - fix a bug in the testsuite, causing a hang.
28     - clarified lots of AnyEvent::Handle constructor arguments.
29    
30 root 1.185 4.232 Thu Aug 21 20:44:25 CEST 2008
31     - fix a bug in AnyEvent::Handle that could cause two fatal error
32     callbacks on EOF, which caused AnyEvent::HTTP to signal success twice
33     (testcase by Leon Brocard).
34     - clarified on_eof/on_error documentation a bit.
35    
36 root 1.184 4.231 Tue Jul 29 13:12:15 CEST 2008
37     - remove some debugging code left in AnyEvent::Util::fork_call
38     (and no, it's impossible to implement with the broken windows
39     perls without resource leaks or worse).
40    
41 root 1.183 4.23 Tue Jul 29 12:19:59 CEST 2008
42 root 1.177 - document the first parameter passed to condvar callbacks to be
43     the callback.
44 root 1.178 - add AnyEvent::Socket::{ntoa,aton} aliases.
45 root 1.180 - optimize the AE::Handle->push_read (line) for the default
46 root 1.179 eol marker.
47 root 1.180 - optimize push_read (packstring|storable) for small packets.
48 root 1.182 - invoke on_error callback when no on_eof callback is set.
49 root 1.180 - fix a bug in push_read (storable) of unknown impact.
50 root 1.177
51 root 1.176 4.22 Sun Jul 20 16:34:13 CEST 2008
52 root 1.174 - new function AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport.
53 root 1.175 - as the bulkheads at microsoft can't even get getprotobyname reliably
54     working on their shitty fucking broken os we need to hardcode
55     some common protocol numbers in AnyEvent::Socket. How can
56     people even bother with such a pile of shit as windows.
57 root 1.174
58 root 1.173 4.21 Thu Jul 17 14:40:05 CEST 2008
59 root 1.171 - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: AnyEvent::Util::fork_call now has a prototype
60     which is incompatible to previous invocation syntax.
61 root 1.172 - work around more windows perl bugs in fork_call. I cannot imagine
62     why anybody would bother implementing fork in such an obviously
63     unusable way.
64     - avoid calling $do_retry if the request has already finished in
65     AnyEvent::DNS, thus avoiding an exception (reported by Anatoly
66     K. Sharifulin).
67 root 1.170
68 root 1.169 4.2 Sat Jul 12 22:42:11 CEST 2008
69 root 1.165 - support an "interval" argument for repeating timers.
70 root 1.164 - fix a bug in the pure perl event loop that caused timers to
71     be delayed under some circumstances.
72 root 1.167 - implement optional argument checking via PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT.
73 root 1.169 - not importing anything from Event causes it to malfunction
74     and not use Time::HiRes, work around this bug.
75     - more bug workarounds against the endlessly broken Tk module,
76 root 1.168 seems to work now on 32 bit machines, but less so on 64 bit.
77 root 1.164 - minor optimisations applied to most backends.
78    
79 root 1.163 4.161 Fri Jul 4 14:24:48 CEST 2008
80 elmex 1.162 - fixed the t/handle/02_write.t, it read after write, with the
81 root 1.163 assumption that all data could be written before read
82     (reported by Jim Razmus).
83 elmex 1.162
84 root 1.161 4.160 Thu Jul 3 04:02:21 CEST 2008
85 root 1.160 - re-registering signal watchers after unregistering one did
86     not work if a backend falls back on AnyEvent's default
87     implementation (also affected child watchers).
88 root 1.159 - new AnyEvent::Handle options: autocork and no_delay.
89    
90 root 1.158 4.152 Sun Jun 22 14:15:44 CEST 2008
91 root 1.159 - allow for 32-bit perls that implement shifts differently
92     on different architectures in parse_ipv4 (reported and
93 root 1.158 analysed by Keiichi DAIBA).
94    
95 root 1.157 4.151 Fri Jun 6 17:34:24 CEST 2008
96     - make sure specifying _only_ on_read and never pushing reads
97     works.
98    
99 root 1.155 4.15 Fri Jun 6 13:00:46 CEST 2008
100 root 1.154 - the pure perl backend would keep some watchers alive when more than
101     one watcher was registered for the same fd.
102 root 1.155 - new "packstring" and "storable" read and write types
103     for AnyEvent::Handle.
104 root 1.156 - allow on_eof handler to be called after on_error with EPIPE returns.
105 root 1.153 - do not immediately call on_read callback in handle constructor.
106    
107 root 1.152 4.14 Thu Jun 5 20:29:31 CEST 2008
108 elmex 1.149 - Fixed a bug in DNS SRV priority sorting.
109 root 1.150 - AnyEvent::Util::guard now reports runtime errors while
110     executing the guard block as warnings.
111 root 1.152 - handle 0-byte-reads just before EOF correctly in AnyEvent::Handle.
112 elmex 1.149
113 root 1.148 4.13 Thu Jun 5 00:47:59 CEST 2008
114 root 1.146 - AnyEvent::DNS only followed cname chains with length 2,
115     contrary to documentation. bumped it up to 10, thanks to
116     microsoft, the current broken-dns-config-king.
117 root 1.147 - AnyEvent::DNS didn't check for socket return status
118     but instead relied on perl not creating filehandles in that
119     case - too bad it gives you a bogus file handle (reported
120     and analysed by Vladimir Timofeev).
121 root 1.145 - fix queue management logic in AnyEvent::Handle:
122     when on_read was registered, the queue was empty
123     and no progress could be made AnyEvent::Handle would
124     enter an endless loop.
125     - correctly start reading again when the handle became
126     busy again after idling.
127 root 1.146 - correctly treat tls shut-downs as EOF condition
128     (for the time being, would be nice to have a callback for that).
129 root 1.145 - correctly call eof callback under all conditions
130     (hopefully).
131 root 1.146 - the timeout callback did not expect that $self can go
132     away any time.
133 root 1.145
134 root 1.144 4.12 Tue Jun 3 10:58:04 CEST 2008
135     - include AnyEvent::Intro, a tutorial for anyevent,
136     anyevent::socket and anyevent::handle.
137 root 1.143 - allow more options in on_error.
138 root 1.142
139 root 1.141 4.11 Fri May 30 23:42:25 CEST 2008
140 root 1.135 - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: replace ptr by real PTR lookup, provide
141     reverse_lookup and reverse_verify to replace it, support
142     v4mapped and v4compat addresses.
143 root 1.129 - provide more documentation for the resolver class.
144 root 1.130 - really replace longest run of :0: by :: in format_address,
145     also properly convert :: and ::1 again.
146 root 1.134 - support NAPTR record name and decode it.
147 root 1.133 - implement random weight sampling for SRV records, as per
148     rfc 2782.
149 root 1.137 - correctly abort on srv-record targets of ".".
150     - added AnyEvent::DNS::wait_for_slot.
151 root 1.138 - in the unlikely event of a virtual circuit connection
152     being invalidated by a delayed udp reply, AnyEvent::DNS
153     could die. this has been fixed.
154     - plug a probable memleak in the DNS vc code.
155     - use configured timeout also for VC request phase.
156 root 1.139 - implement timeout and max_outstanding methods
157     for resolver class.
158 root 1.140 - update version numbers in all modules.
159 root 1.129
160 root 1.128 4.1 Thu May 29 05:45:40 CEST 2008
161 root 1.123 - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: renamed xxx_ip functions to xxx_address
162     which mirrors their purpose better (old names still available
163     for a while). Also moved AnyEvent::DNS::addr to
164     AnyEvent::Socket::resolve_sockaddr.
165 root 1.127 - implement AnyEvent->time and AnyEvent->now.
166 root 1.124 - fix IPv6 support in pack_sockaddr.
167 root 1.123 - officially un-experimentalise all newly introduced code.
168     - support unix domain sockets everywhere by specifying
169     a host of "unix/" and the pathname as service.
170 root 1.126 - implement an activity timeout in AnyEvent::Handle.
171 root 1.122 - added a regex read type to AnyEvent::Handle.
172     - added a json read/write type to AnyEvent::Handle.
173 root 1.118 - always croak in on_error in AnyEvent::Handle.
174     - document how to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
175 root 1.120 - implement AnyEvent::Util::fork_call.
176 root 1.127 - add support for IPv6 nameservers and nameserver statements.
177 root 1.121 - work around _yet_ _another_ windows perl bug in where empty
178     select masks cause errors in the pure perl backend (this
179     workaround cannot be implemented for the other event loops,
180     but EV also works around this).
181 root 1.123 - supply AnyEvent::Socket::address_type and make good use of it.
182 root 1.122 - clarify and fix the Handle documentation w.r.t $self vs. $handle
183     vs. callback arguments.
184 root 1.127 - add some recommends to the META.yml.
185 root 1.117
186 root 1.116 4.05 Mon May 26 19:44:06 CEST 2008
187     - some platforms ignore the rfc and prepend an extra sa_len member to
188     the sockaddr structure, cater for those. also use sockaddr_family,
189     didn't know it was there, but comes in handy for the workaround.
190 root 1.114 - undo the import WIN32 hack.
191    
192 root 1.113 4.04 Mon May 26 08:03:31 CEST 2008
193 root 1.109 - try to work around yet another windows bug: failed connects are reported
194 root 1.110 as if it were out-of-band data. windows users: you suck. Only
195     EV, Glib, Event and the pure perl backend can handle this condition.
196 root 1.111 - optimize write algorithm in AnyEvent::Handle.
197 root 1.106 - properly parse PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS and use the info correctly.
198 root 1.112 - tcp_connect now properly iterates through all targets.
199 root 1.104 - check wether IPv6 sockets can actually be created, otherwise, disable ipv6
200 root 1.114 support entirely. also hardcode some AF_INET6 constants for the
201 root 1.107 sake of perl 5.8.
202 root 1.106 - vastly improved nameserver/suffix detection algorithm for windows
203     (still a hack...)
204     - try to use a fallback dns server if no dns servers could be found.
205 root 1.108 - splatter around some local $SIG{__DIE__}'s to work around bad
206     die handlers.
207 root 1.104
208 root 1.102 4.03 Sun May 25 05:05:57 CEST 2008
209 root 1.100 - work around perl bugs on windows, where perl returns undocumented
210     error codes for sysread, syswrite etc.
211 root 1.96 - fix AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read to really unshift and not push.
212 root 1.97 - AnyEvent::Handle could sometimes stumble over 0-byte writes.
213 root 1.101 - fix unpack_sockaddr, now works for AF_INET6 sockaddr's.
214 root 1.100 - updated documentation.
215 root 1.103 - lots of workarounds for perl 5.8 quirks.
216 root 1.98 - implement a more flexible type system for both reads and writes
217     in AnyEvent::Handle.
218 root 1.101 - support IPv6 in tcp_server.
219     - pass local hostname and port to the prepare callback in tcp_server.
220 root 1.99 - make types extendable in AnyEvent::Handle.
221 root 1.100 - croak, not die, in AnyEvent::Handle;
222 root 1.96
223 root 1.95 4.0 Sat May 24 19:58:08 CEST 2008
224 root 1.88 - added (experimental) AnyEvent::DNS module.
225     - added (experimental) AnyEvent::Socket module.
226 root 1.93 - added (experiemntal) support for TLS/SSL in AnyEvent::Handle.
227 root 1.90 - make condvar->end call ->send as documented.
228     - make condvar constructor support the documented cb => argument.
229 root 1.94 - overload condvars so you can use them instead of code references.
230 root 1.93 - support more of the POSIX forms instead of a pure dotted quad for
231 root 1.89 verbatim ip addresses.
232 root 1.88 - AnyEvent::Socket::inet_aton will use AnyEvent::DNS now and not fork anymore.
233 root 1.87 - try very hard not to freeze on broken windows perls.
234 root 1.86 - make on_eof optional in AnyEvent::Handle.
235 root 1.83 - support service names in tcp_connect and tcp_server.
236 root 1.84 - work around netbsd/openbsd bug causing unix sockets not to
237 root 1.121 become writable until empty.
238 root 1.81 - only make a dummy read for error detection when getpeername
239     returns ENOTCONN.
240 root 1.181 - defend AnyEvent::Util::inet_aton against Coro::LWP's brutal
241 root 1.82 override.
242 root 1.91 - new AnyEvent::Guard::cancel.
243 root 1.81
244 root 1.80 3.5 Sat May 17 23:17:14 CEST 2008
245 root 1.79 - gracefully deal with systems not defining CLOCK_MONOTONIC
246     (as opposed to not supporting the clock itself, which worked in 3.41).
247 root 1.77 - added AnyEvent::Util::tcp_connect and AnyEvent::Util::tcp_server
248     helpers, to replace the ill-designed AnyEvent::Socket class.
249     - added some examples (eg/connect, eg/handle).
250     - added AnyEvent::Util::guard.
251     - AnyEvent::Util now exports most of its functions.
252 elmex 1.74 - fixed a bug in *_read_chunk, where the callback was called with $self as
253     first and second argument.
254 root 1.77 - simplified and fixed regex handling in AnyEvent::Handle::*_read_line.
255 root 1.72 - fix manpage condvars examples to use new syntax.
256 root 1.78 - considerably improve inet_aton with EV::ADNS backend to support
257     cname chains (common dns configuration bug, e.g. with www.google.de)
258     and aaaa records if no a record could be found.
259 root 1.72
260 root 1.71 3.41 Sun May 11 19:53:13 CEST 2008
261     - work around a bug in perl 5.8.8's local. Reported by Yi Ma Mao.
262    
263 root 1.70 3.4 Sun May 11 00:29:25 CEST 2008
264 root 1.181 - complete re-implementation of condvars with a hopefully much more useful
265 root 1.70 API (backward compatible functions exist but are undocumented).
266 root 1.69 - AnyEvent::Handle fully rewritten with a hopefully more powerful API
267     (still subject to change).
268 root 1.63 - take advantage of CLOCK_MONOTONIC, if available, in AnyEvent::Impl::Perl.
269 root 1.68 - provide AnyEvent::post_detect and @AnyEvent::post_detect, which
270 root 1.67 allows module authors to avoid forcing event loop detection.
271     (used by Coro::AIO, Coro::BDB, Coro::AnyEvent for example).
272 root 1.66 - remove coro backends: Coro now provides generic support for AnyEvent
273     via Coro::AnyEvent.
274 root 1.63
275 root 1.62 3.3 Mon Apr 28 09:51:06 CEST 2008
276     - added AnyEvent::Handle, AnyEvent::Socket and AnyEvent::Util modules.
277 root 1.55 - fix a bug in the pure perl backend that kept watchers alive
278     when multiple watchers were registered for the same fh/poll combo.
279 root 1.54 - add a benchmark section showing AnyEvent overhead and comparing
280     the different event loops with each other.
281 root 1.56 - prefer pure perl over tk when autoprobing, as it's about as fast,
282     but doesn't crash with many watchers.
283 root 1.62 - declare Qt support non-experimental.
284 root 1.56 - clarify the confusing section about the file descriptor being
285     kept alive.
286     - document the race between loading of an event module and
287     child processes exiting.
288 root 1.53 - support POE as "backend" (with some caveats, POE is not generic
289 root 1.54 enough, and darn slow).
290 root 1.53 - support Wx and Prima through POE.
291 root 1.60 - optimise perl backend to use 20% less memory and take advantage
292 root 1.62 of typical timeout behaviour. It can now compete with
293 root 1.60 select/poll-based C event loops in most cases (it is usually
294     faster than Event and Glib :).
295 root 1.59 - roughly cut EV memory use in half and increase its speed by 30%,
296 root 1.62 by removing undocumented functionality. Did something similar
297     to other event loops where possible.
298 root 1.53
299 root 1.50 3.2 Thu Apr 24 10:10:40 CEST 2008
300 root 1.51 - do not die when anyevent watchers are destroyed while running callbacks
301     in the pureperl backend (could only happen when two watchers are registered
302     for the same fh/poll combo).
303     - support autoloading for child watchers, was broken in all versions.
304 root 1.47 - implement PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL env variable.
305 root 1.49 - (experimental) implement interface to the (very crashy/buggy) Event::Lib module.
306     - (experimental) implement interface to the Qt module (cannot be autoprobed).
307 root 1.52 - this release is IO:AnyEvent-proof.
308 root 1.47
309 root 1.46 3.12 Tue Apr 22 07:11:46 CEST 2008
310     - reinstate AUTHOR section that got lost somehow.
311     - do not hang in the testsuite with badly broken perls (activestate,
312     strawberry...), but instead diagnose the problem and continue.
313     - use INT instead of CHLD in an attempt to support broken windows perls
314     better (this decreases the test quality, unfortunately).
315     - do not send the signal to the process group
316     (no problem for CHLD, bad for INT :).
317    
318 root 1.45 3.11 Sat Apr 19 06:57:31 CEST 2008
319     - major documentation rework.
320     - document the fact that child watchers only watch for zombies.
321     - fix the child watcher example.
322    
323 root 1.43 3.1 Wed Apr 16 17:09:01 CEST 2008
324 root 1.40 - work around recurring bugs in Tk by dup'ing filehandles, the
325 root 1.43 only method with good success chances on Tk (the bugs apparently
326     don't get fixed anytime soon).
327 root 1.42 - lift the restriction of only one watcher per fh direction
328     (as the Tk bug workaround also lifts it and only Tk imposed
329     such strong limits).
330 root 1.41 - changed probe order to prefer coro adaptors.
331     - explain why recursion into the event loop is not supported
332     unless the backend supports it (only Coro::EV does without
333     any restrictions...).
334     - add simple manpages for all backend modules.
335 root 1.40
336 root 1.39 3.0 Mon Apr 7 21:30:23 CEST 2008
337 root 1.38 - Coro::Signal changed semantics, roll our own, also cleaning
338     up the Coro implementation in general.
339     - rename Coro backend to CoroEvent.
340     - add some decision helping paragraph to the manpage that should
341 root 1.44 help people to decide whether AnyEvent is the right thing for them.
342 root 1.38
343 root 1.37 2.9 Mon Jan 28 13:31:54 CET 2008
344     - update for EV 3.0 API changes.
345    
346 root 1.36 2.8 Sun Nov 25 15:06:03 CET 2007
347     - waitpid can validly return 0. accept this fact of life
348     instead of reporting it to any watchers.
349    
350 root 1.35 2.7 Fri Nov 23 11:41:14 CET 2007
351 root 1.34 - force use of AnyEvent::Impl::Perl in testsuite, there is
352     too much breakage outside AnyEvent.
353 root 1.35 - deliver signals synchronously in AnyEvent::Impl::Perl
354     or any other event loop that relies on AnyEvents child
355     watcher emulation. *Could* help with hanging testsuite
356     (except when Event or EV are installed).
357 root 1.34
358 root 1.33 2.6 Fri Nov 9 20:36:35 CET 2007
359 root 1.32 - fix bug in testsuite.
360     - move EV adaptor modules to AnyEvent.
361     - add Coro+EV adaptor module.
362 root 1.26
363 root 1.31 2.55 Tue Nov 6 17:41:32 CET 2007
364 root 1.27 - add EV to the list of supported event models.
365 root 1.30 - do not auto-reset pid watchers, pass pid and status to them.
366 root 1.29 - allow a pid of zero to watch for all children in child watchers.
367 root 1.27
368 root 1.25 2.54 Wed Jul 18 17:36:23 CEST 2007
369     - work around a perl bug that results in
370     BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted without
371     any discernible reason or error message by once
372     again not use'ing strict.
373    
374 root 1.24 2.53 Sun Jul 8 10:51:53 CEST 2007
375     - make Glib interface work again (spotted by elmex).
376    
377 root 1.22 2.52 Wed Mar 7 18:36:16 CET 2007
378     - child watchers stopped working permanently when
379 root 1.23 all current child watchers were destroyed.
380 root 1.22
381 root 1.21 2.51 Mon Dec 11 21:33:24 CET 2006
382     - work around bugs in perl where eval "require Module" returns
383     true even if the module couldn't be loaded :/.
384    
385 root 1.20 2.5 Mon Dec 11 02:15:28 CET 2006
386 root 1.19 - avoid $AUTOLOAD because many perls corrupt it.
387 root 1.20 - AnyEvent::detect forces autodetection.
388     - implement signal watchers (experimental)
389     (Tk does not support async signals (<= 804.027 at least),
390     so they might get delayed indefinitely on Tk).
391     - implement child watchers (experimental).
392     - moved default condvar implementation into base module, simplifying
393     most implementation modules.
394 root 1.14
395 root 1.18 2.1 Fri Nov 24 15:50:48 CET 2006
396 root 1.16 - better docs.
397     - simple testsuite.
398 root 1.17 - added AnyEvent->one_event method for special purposes.
399 root 1.16
400 root 1.15 2.0 Wed Nov 1 02:21:30 CET 2006
401 root 1.13 - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: poll can now either be "r" or "w" but not both.
402     - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: io watcher callbacks have no arguments anymore.
403     - EXPERIMENTAL:
404     new pure-perl model added, AnyEvent now always finds a suitable
405     event model.
406 root 1.12 - improved documentation.
407     - reduced cpu overhead.
408    
409 root 1.11 1.02 Fri Jan 13 14:15:40 CET 2006
410     - add COPYING to clarify license.
411    
412 root 1.10 1.01 Sun Jan 8 05:48:09 CET 2006
413     - correctly cancel Event timers, avoid memory leaks.
414    
415 root 1.9 1.0 Sun Jan 8 05:40:58 CET 2006
416 root 1.8 - allow third-party interfaces to be added at runtime.
417     - fix version number.
418    
419 root 1.7 0.9 Fri Dec 30 02:25:41 CET 2005
420 root 1.6 - fixed errors in the documentation.
421 root 1.7 - going back to using $VERSION as "load check",
422     as suggested by Jörn Reder. Let's see why I stopped using
423     this method.
424     - add 'hup' to the list of events to receive for glib
425     and generate 'rw' events for it, as some versions of
426     glib seem to require this, while this breaks other
427     (older) versions of glib.
428     - implemented PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE env variable.
429 root 1.6
430 root 1.5 0.3 Sun Dec 4 10:43:33 CET 2005
431     - no changes to the code.
432     - fixed documentation.
433     - clarified some corner cases.
434     - vastly improved documentation with a long example.
435    
436 root 1.3 0.2 Thu Dec 1 22:18:49 CET 2005
437 root 1.44 - check whether a valid method was called, to avoid endless loops.
438 root 1.4 - move condvars into their own class (cleaner, safer).
439     - don't die when some modules are not available.
440     - Tk is too broken to allow for words. Will work once Tk works.
441 root 1.3
442 root 1.2 0.1 Thu Dec 1 19:44:57 CET 2005
443     - spiced up and cleaned up for release.
444    
445 root 1.1 0.01 Tue Sep 21 18:12:09 CEST 2004
446     - original version; copied from Convert::Scalar.
447