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Revision 1.245 by root, Tue Jun 16 03:22:20 2015 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.331;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
		15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
		16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
32	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
33	},
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EWOULDBLOCK EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		93
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::fh_unblock>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	97	that mode.
		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
		116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		138	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		139	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		140	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		141	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		142	handshake fails.
		143
		144	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		145
		146	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		147
		148	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		149	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		150	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		151
		152	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		153	fatal error instead.
		154
		155	=back
		156
		157	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		158
		159	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
		160	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
		161	connect, or a read error.
		162
		163	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
		164	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		165	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		166	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		167	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		168	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		169	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		170
		171	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		172	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		173
		174	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		175	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		176	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		177
		178	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		179	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		180	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		181
		182	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		183	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		184	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		185	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		186
		187	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
		188	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		189	C<EPROTO>).
		190
		191	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
		192	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
		193	C<croak>.
		194
		195	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
		196
		197	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
		198	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		199	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		200	read buffer).
		201
		202	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
		203	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		204	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		205	the beginning from it.
		206
		207	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		208	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		209
		210	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
		211	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
		212	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
		213	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		214
		215	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		216	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		217	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		218	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
81		219
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	220	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
83		221
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	222	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	223	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86	connection cleanly.	224	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		225	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		226	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
87		227
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	228	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF	229	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	230	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91	down.	231	down.
92		232
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an EOF callback,
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	233	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	234	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		235
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
101
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.
105
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
119
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.
123
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).
130
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly. Note that you
133	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
134	the beginning from it.
135
136	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
137	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
138	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
139	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
140
141	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	236	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
142		237
143	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	238	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
144	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	239	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
145		240
146	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	241	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
147		242
148	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	243	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
149	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	244	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
151	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	246	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
152	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	247	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
153		248
154	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	249	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
155		250
		251	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		252
		253	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		254
156	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	255	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
157	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	256	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
158	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	257	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
159	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	258	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		259	error will be raised).
160		260
		261	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		262	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		263	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		264	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		265	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		266	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		267
161	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	268	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
162	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	269	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
163	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	270	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
164	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	271	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
165	restart the timeout.	272	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
166		273
167	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	274	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
168		275
169	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	276	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		277
		278	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		279
		280	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
170		281
171	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	282	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
172	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	283	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
173	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	284	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
174		285
…		…
182	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	293	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
183	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	294	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
184	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	295	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
185	isn't finished).	296	isn't finished).
186		297
		298	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		299
		300	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		301	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		302	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		303
		304	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		305	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		306	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		307	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		308
		309	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		310	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		311	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		312
187	=item autocork => <boolean>	313	=item autocork => <boolean>
188		314
189	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	315	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
190	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	316	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
191	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	317	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
192	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	318	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
193	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	319	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
194	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	320	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
195		321
196	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	322	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
197	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	323	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
198	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	324	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
199	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	325	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
200		326
201	=item no_delay => <boolean>	327	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
205	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	331	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
206		332
207	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	333	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
208	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	334	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
209		335
210	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	336	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
211	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	337	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		338
		339	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		340
		341	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		342	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		343	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		344	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		345	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		346	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		347	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		348	to 15 minutes later.
		349
		350	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		351	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		352	is usually a good idea.
		353
		354	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		355
		356	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		357	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		358	implements it slightly differently.
		359
		360	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		361	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		362	putting it into the stream.
		363
		364	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		365	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		366	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		367	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		368	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		369	from most attacks.
212		370
213	=item read_size => <bytes>	371	=item read_size => <bytes>
214		372
215	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	373	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
216	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	374	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
217	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	375	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		376	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		377	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		378
		379	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		380
		381	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		382	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		383	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		384	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
218		385
219	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	386	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
220		387
221	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	388	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
222	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	389	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
223	considered empty.	390	considered empty.
224		391
225	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	392	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
226	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	393	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
227	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	394	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
228	is good in almost all cases.	395	is good in almost all cases.
229		396
230	=item linger => <seconds>	397	=item linger => <seconds>
231		398
232	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	399	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
233	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	400	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
234	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	401	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
235	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	402	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
236	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	403	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
237		404
238	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	405	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
239	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might	406	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
240	help.	407	help.
241		408
		409	=item peername => $string
		410
		411	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		412	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		413
		414	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		415	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		416	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		417	C<undef>.
		418
242	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	419	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
243		420
244	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	421	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
245	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	422	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
246	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	423	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		424
		425	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		426	appropriate error message.
247		427
248	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	428	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
249	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	429	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
250	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	430	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
251	to add the dependency yourself.	431	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		432	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
252		433
253	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	434	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
254	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	435	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
255	mode.	436	mode.
256		437
257	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	438	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
258	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	439	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
259	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	440	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
260	AnyEvent::Handle.	441	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		442	object.
		443
		444	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		445	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		446	away.
261		447
262	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,	448	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
263	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often	449	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
264	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the	450	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
265	segmentation fault.	451	segmentation fault.
266		452
267	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	453	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
268		454
269	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	455	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
270		456
271	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	457	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
272	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	458	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
273	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	459	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		460	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
274		461
		462	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		463	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		464	new TLS context object.
		465
		466	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		467
		468	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		469	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		470	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		471
		472	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		473	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		474
		475	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		476	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		477
		478	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		479	called as usual.
		480
		481	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		482	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		483	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		484
		485	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		486
		487	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		488	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		489	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		490	on the handle.
		491
		492	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		493	callback.
		494
		495	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		496	underlying handle signals EOF.
		497
275	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	498	=item json => L<JSON>, L<JSON::PP> or L<JSON::XS> object
276		499
277	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	500	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
278		501
279	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	502	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
280	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON	503	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded
		504	JSON texts (either using L<JSON::XS> or L<JSON>). The written texts are
		505	guaranteed not to contain any newline character.
		506
		507	For security reasons, this encoder will likely I<not> handle numbers and
		508	strings, only arrays and objects/hashes. The reason is that originally
		509	JSON was self-delimited, but Dougles Crockford thought it was a splendid
		510	idea to redefine JSON incompatibly, so this is no longer true.
		511
		512	For protocols that used back-to-back JSON texts, this might lead to
		513	run-ins, where two or more JSON texts will be interpreted as one JSON
281	texts.	514	text.
282		515
		516	For this reason, if the default encoder uses L<JSON::XS>, it will default
		517	to not allowing anything but arrays and objects/hashes, at least for the
		518	forseeable future (it will change at some point). This might or might not
		519	be true for the L<JSON> module, so this might cause a security issue.
		520
		521	If you depend on either behaviour, you should create your own json object
		522	and pass it in explicitly.
		523
		524	=item cbor => L<CBOR::XS> object
		525
		526	This is the cbor coder object used by the C<cbor> read and write types.
		527
		528	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		529	suitable one (on demand), which will write CBOR without using extensions,
		530	if possible.
		531
283	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	532	Note that you are responsible to depend on the L<CBOR::XS> module if you
284	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	533	want to use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency on
		534	it itself.
285		535
286	=back	536	=back
287		537
288	=cut	538	=cut
289		539
290	sub new {	540	sub new {
291	my $class = shift;	541	my $class = shift;
292
293	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	542	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
294		543
295	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	544	if ($self->{fh}) {
		545	$self->_start;
		546	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
296		547
		548	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		549	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		550
		551	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		552	unless exists $self->{peername};
		553
		554	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		555
		556	{
		557	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		558
		559	$self->{_connect} =
		560	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		561	$self->{connect}[0],
		562	$self->{connect}[1],
		563	sub {
		564	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		565
		566	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		567
		568	if ($fh) {
		569	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		570
		571	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		572	$self->_start;
		573
		574	$self->{on_connect}
		575	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		576	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		577	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		578	&$retry;
		579	});
		580
		581	} else {
		582	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		583	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		584	$self->destroy if $self;
		585	} else {
		586	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		587	}
		588	}
		589	},
		590	sub {
		591	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		592
		593	$self->{on_prepare}
		594	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		595	: ()
		596	}
		597	);
		598	}
		599
		600	} else {
		601	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		602	}
		603
		604	$self
		605	}
		606
		607	sub _start {
		608	my ($self) = @_;
		609
		610	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		611	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		612	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		613	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		614	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
		615
297	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	616	AnyEvent::fh_unblock $self->{fh};
298		617
		618	$self->{_activity} =
		619	$self->{_ractivity} =
		620	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		621
		622	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		623	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		624	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		625
		626	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		627	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		628	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		629
		630	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		631	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		632
		633	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		634
299	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	635	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
300	if $self->{tls};	636	if $self->{tls};
301		637
302	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
303	$self->_timeout;
304
305	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	638	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
306	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
307		639
308	$self->start_read	640	$self->start_read
309	if $self->{on_read};	641	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
310		642
311	$self	643	$self->_drain_wbuf;
312	}
313
314	sub _shutdown {
315	my ($self) = @_;
316
317	delete $self->{_tw};
318	delete $self->{_rw};
319	delete $self->{_ww};
320	delete $self->{fh};
321
322	&_freetls;
323
324	delete $self->{on_read};
325	delete $self->{_queue};
326	}	644	}
327		645
328	sub _error {	646	sub _error {
329	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	647	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
330
331	$self->_shutdown
332	if $fatal;
333		648
334	$! = $errno;	649	$! = $errno;
		650	$message ||= "$!";
335		651
336	if ($self->{on_error}) {	652	if ($self->{on_error}) {
337	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	653	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
338	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	654	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		655	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		656	$self->destroy;
339	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	657	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
340	}	658	}
341	}	659	}
342		660
343	=item $fh = $handle->fh	661	=item $fh = $handle->fh
344		662
…		…
368	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	686	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
369	}	687	}
370		688
371	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	689	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
372		690
373	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	691	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
374	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
375	argument and method.
376		692
377	=cut	693	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
378		694
379	sub on_timeout {	695	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
380	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	696	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
381	}	697	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		698
		699	=cut
		700
		701	# see below
382		702
383	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	703	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
384		704
385	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	705	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
386	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	706	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
399	=cut	719	=cut
400		720
401	sub no_delay {	721	sub no_delay {
402	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	722	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
403		723
		724	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		725	if $_[0]{fh};
		726	}
		727
		728	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		729
		730	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		731	the same name for details).
		732
		733	=cut
		734
		735	sub keepalive {
		736	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		737
404	eval {	738	eval {
405	local $SIG{__DIE__};	739	local $SIG{__DIE__};
406	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	740	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		741	if $_[0]{fh};
407	};	742	};
408	}	743	}
409		744
		745	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		746
		747	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		748	the same name for details).
		749
		750	=cut
		751
		752	sub oobinline {
		753	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		754
		755	eval {
		756	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		757	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		758	if $_[0]{fh};
		759	};
		760	}
		761
		762	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		763
		764	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		765	the same name for details).
		766
		767	=cut
		768
		769	sub keepalive {
		770	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		771
		772	eval {
		773	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		774	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		775	if $_[0]{fh};
		776	};
		777	}
		778
		779	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		780
		781	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		782
		783	=cut
		784
		785	sub on_starttls {
		786	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		787	}
		788
		789	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		790
		791	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		792
		793	=cut
		794
		795	sub on_stoptls {
		796	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		797	}
		798
		799	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		800
		801	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		802
		803	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		804
		805	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		806
		807	=cut
		808
		809	sub rbuf_max {
		810	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		811	}
		812
		813	sub wbuf_max {
		814	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		815	}
		816
410	#############################################################################	817	#############################################################################
411		818
412	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	819	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
413		820
		821	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		822
		823	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		824
414	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	825	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
415		826
416	=cut	827	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		828	handle before it returns.
417		829
418	sub timeout {	830	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		831
		832	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		833
		834	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		835
		836	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		837
		838	These methods are cheap to call.
		839
		840	=cut
		841
		842	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		843	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		844	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		845	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		846	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		847	my $cb;
		848
		849	*$on_timeout = sub {
		850	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		851	};
		852
		853	*$timeout = sub {
419	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	854	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
420		855
		856	$new_value >= 0
		857	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		858
421	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	859	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
422	$self->_timeout;	860	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
423	}	861	};
424		862
		863	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		864	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		865	};
		866
		867	# main workhorse:
425	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	868	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
426	# also check for time-outs	869	# also check for time-outs
427	sub _timeout {	870	$cb = sub {
428	my ($self) = @_;	871	my ($self) = @_;
429		872
430	if ($self->{timeout}) {	873	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
431	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	874	my $NOW = AE::now;
432		875
433	# when would the timeout trigger?	876	# when would the timeout trigger?
434	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	877	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
435		878
436	# now or in the past already?	879	# now or in the past already?
437	if ($after <= 0) {	880	if ($after <= 0) {
438	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	881	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
439		882
440	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	883	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
441	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	884	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
442	} else {	885	} else {
443	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	886	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		887	}
		888
		889	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		890	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		891
		892	# calculate new after
		893	$after = $self->{$timeout};
444	}	894	}
445		895
446	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	896	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
447	return unless $self->{timeout};	897	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
448		898
449	# calculate new after	899	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
450	$after = $self->{timeout};	900	delete $self->{$tw};
		901	$cb->($self);
		902	};
		903	} else {
		904	delete $self->{$tw};
451	}	905	}
452
453	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
454	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
455
456	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
457	delete $self->{_tw};
458	$self->_timeout;
459	});
460	} else {
461	delete $self->{_tw};
462	}	906	}
463	}	907	}
464		908
465	#############################################################################	909	#############################################################################
466		910
…		…
473		917
474	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	918	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
475	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	919	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
476		920
477	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	921	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
478	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	922	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
479		923
480	=over 4	924	=over 4
481		925
482	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	926	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
483		927
484	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	928	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
485	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	929	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
486		930
		931	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		932	destroyed after it returns).
		933
487	=cut	934	=cut
488		935
489	sub on_drain {	936	sub on_drain {
490	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	937	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
491		938
…		…
495	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});	942	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
496	}	943	}
497		944
498	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	945	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
499		946
500	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	947	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
501	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	948	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
502	buffers it independently of the kernel.	949	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		950
		951	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		952	destroyed after it returns).
503		953
504	=cut	954	=cut
505		955
506	sub _drain_wbuf {	956	sub _drain_wbuf {
507	my ($self) = @_;	957	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
511	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	961	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
512		962
513	my $cb = sub {	963	my $cb = sub {
514	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	964	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
515		965
516	if ($len >= 0) {	966	if (defined $len) {
517	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	967	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
518		968
519	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	969	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
520		970
521	$self->{on_drain}($self)	971	$self->{on_drain}($self)
522	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	972	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
523	&& $self->{on_drain};	973	&& $self->{on_drain};
524		974
525	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	975	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
526	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	976	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
527	$self->_error ($!, 1);	977	$self->_error ($!, 1);
528	}	978	}
529	};	979	};
530		980
531	# try to write data immediately	981	# try to write data immediately
532	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	982	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
533		983
534	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	984	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
535	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	985	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
536	if length $self->{wbuf};	986	if length $self->{wbuf};
		987
		988	if (
		989	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		990	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		991	) {
		992	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		993	}
537	};	994	};
538	}	995	}
539		996
540	our %WH;	997	our %WH;
541		998
		999	# deprecated
542	sub register_write_type($$) {	1000	sub register_write_type($$) {
543	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	1001	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
544	}	1002	}
545		1003
546	sub push_write {	1004	sub push_write {
547	my $self = shift;	1005	my $self = shift;
548		1006
549	if (@_ > 1) {	1007	if (@_ > 1) {
550	my $type = shift;	1008	my $type = shift;
551		1009
		1010	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
552	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	1011	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
553	->($self, @_);	1012	->($self, @_);
554	}	1013	}
555		1014
		1015	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		1016	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		1017
556	if ($self->{tls}) {	1018	if ($self->{tls}) {
557	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	1019	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
558		1020	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
559	&_dotls ($self);
560	} else {	1021	} else {
561	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	1022	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
562	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1023	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
563	}	1024	}
564	}	1025	}
565		1026
566	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1027	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
567		1028
568	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1029	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
569	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1030	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1031	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1032	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1033	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
570		1034
571	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1035	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
572	drop by and tell us):	1036	drop by and tell us):
573		1037
574	=over 4	1038	=over 4
…		…
605		1069
606	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1070	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
607	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text	1071	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
608	in UTF-8.	1072	in UTF-8.
609		1073
		1074	The default encoder might or might not handle every type of JSON value -
		1075	it might be limited to arrays and objects for security reasons. See the
		1076	C<json> constructor attribute for more details.
		1077
610	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at	1078	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so if you only use arrays
611	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any	1079	and hashes, you can write JSON at one end of a handle and read them at the
612	additional framing.	1080	other end without using any additional framing.
613		1081
614	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While	1082	The JSON text generated by the default encoder is guaranteed not to
615	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be	1083	contain any newlines: While this module doesn't need delimiters after or
616	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.	1084	between JSON texts to be able to read them, many other languages depend on
		1085	them.
617		1086
618	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send	1087	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with other languages is
619	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as	1088	to send JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better
620	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each	1089	choice as they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline
621	JSON text:	1090	after each JSON text:
622		1091
623	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever	1092	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
624	$handle->push_write ("\012");	1093	$handle->push_write ("\012");
625		1094
626	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and	1095	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
…		…
629	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });	1098	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
630		1099
631	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1100	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
632	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1101	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
633		1102
		1103	=item cbor => $perl_scalar
		1104
		1105	Encodes the given scalar into a CBOR value. Unless you provide your own
		1106	L<CBOR::XS> object, this means it will be encoded to a CBOR string not
		1107	using any extensions, if possible.
		1108
		1109	CBOR values are self-delimiting, so you can write CBOR at one end of
		1110	a handle and read them at the other end without using any additional
		1111	framing.
		1112
		1113	A simple nd very very fast RPC protocol that interoperates with
		1114	other languages is to send CBOR and receive CBOR values (arrays are
		1115	recommended):
		1116
		1117	$handle->push_write (cbor => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		1118
		1119	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<cbor> read type:
		1120
		1121	$handle->push_read (cbor => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1122
634	=cut	1123	=cut
		1124
		1125	sub json_coder() {
		1126	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1127	|| do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP->new->utf8 }
		1128	}
635		1129
636	register_write_type json => sub {	1130	register_write_type json => sub {
637	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1131	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
638		1132
639	require JSON;	1133	($self->{json} ||= json_coder)
		1134	->encode ($ref)
		1135	};
640		1136
641	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1137	sub cbor_coder() {
642	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	1138	require CBOR::XS;
		1139	CBOR::XS->new
		1140	}
		1141
		1142	register_write_type cbor => sub {
		1143	my ($self, $scalar) = @_;
		1144
		1145	($self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder)
		1146	->encode ($scalar)
643	};	1147	};
644		1148
645	=item storable => $reference	1149	=item storable => $reference
646		1150
647	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1151	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
650	=cut	1154	=cut
651		1155
652	register_write_type storable => sub {	1156	register_write_type storable => sub {
653	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1157	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
654		1158
655	require Storable;	1159	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
656		1160
657	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1161	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
658	};	1162	};
659		1163
660	=back	1164	=back
661		1165
662	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1166	=item $handle->push_shutdown
663		1167
664	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1168	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1169	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1170	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1171	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1172	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1173
		1174	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1175
		1176	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1177	the peer.
		1178
		1179	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1180	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1181
		1182	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1183	destroyed after it returns).
		1184
		1185	=cut
		1186
		1187	sub push_shutdown {
		1188	my ($self) = @_;
		1189
		1190	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1191	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1192	}
		1193
		1194	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1195
		1196	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1197	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1198	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1199	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1200	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1201
665	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1202	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
666	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1203	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
667		1204
668	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1205	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
669	be appended to the write buffer.	1206	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1207	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
670		1208
671	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1209	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
672	global, so try to use unique names.	1210	arguments using the first one.
		1211
		1212	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1213
		1214	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1215	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1216	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1217
		1218	package My::Type;
		1219
		1220	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1221	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1222
		1223	join $delim, @args
		1224	}
673		1225
674	=cut	1226	=cut
675		1227
676	#############################################################################	1228	#############################################################################
677		1229
…		…
686	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1238	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
687	a queue.	1239	a queue.
688		1240
689	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1241	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
690	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1242	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
691	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1243	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
692	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1244	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
693	partial message has been received so far).	1245	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1246	e.g. C<push_read>.
694		1247
695	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1248	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
696	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1249	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
697	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1250	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
698	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1251	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
699		1252
700	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1253	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
701	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1254	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
702		1255
…		…
759	=cut	1312	=cut
760		1313
761	sub _drain_rbuf {	1314	sub _drain_rbuf {
762	my ($self) = @_;	1315	my ($self) = @_;
763		1316
		1317	# avoid recursion
		1318	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
764	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1319	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
765
766	if (
767	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
768	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
769	) {
770	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
771	}
772		1320
773	while () {	1321	while () {
774	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while	1322	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
775	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.	1323	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
776	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};	1324	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1325	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
777		1326
778	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1327	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
779		1328
780	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1329	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
781	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1330	unless ($cb->($self)) {
782	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1331	# no progress can be made
783	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1332	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
784	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1333	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
785	}	1334	if $self->{_eof};
786		1335
787	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1336	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
788	last;	1337	last;
789	}	1338	}
790	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1339	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
797	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1346	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
798	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1347	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
799	) {	1348	) {
800	# no further data will arrive	1349	# no further data will arrive
801	# so no progress can be made	1350	# so no progress can be made
802	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1351	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
803	if $self->{_eof};	1352	if $self->{_eof};
804		1353
805	last; # more data might arrive	1354	last; # more data might arrive
806	}	1355	}
807	} else {	1356	} else {
…		…
810	last;	1359	last;
811	}	1360	}
812	}	1361	}
813		1362
814	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1363	if ($self->{_eof}) {
815	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1364	$self->{on_eof}
816	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1365	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
817	} else {	1366	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
818	$self->_error (0, 1);	1367
819	}	1368	return;
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	if (
		1372	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1373	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1374	) {
		1375	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
820	}	1376	}
821		1377
822	# may need to restart read watcher	1378	# may need to restart read watcher
823	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1379	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
824	$self->start_read	1380	$self->start_read
…		…
830		1386
831	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1387	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
832	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1388	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
833	constructor.	1389	constructor.
834		1390
		1391	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1392	destroyed after it returns).
		1393
835	=cut	1394	=cut
836		1395
837	sub on_read {	1396	sub on_read {
838	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1397	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
839		1398
840	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1399	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
841	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1400	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
842	}	1401	}
843		1402
844	=item $handle->rbuf	1403	=item $handle->rbuf
845		1404
846	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1405	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1406	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1407	much faster, and no less clean).
847		1408
848	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>	1409	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
849	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the	1410	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
850	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its	1411	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
851	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
852	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
853		1412
854	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1413	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
855	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1414	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
856	automatically manage the read buffer.	1415	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1416	will manage the read buffer on their own.
857		1417
858	=cut	1418	=cut
859		1419
860	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1420	sub rbuf : lvalue {
861	$_[0]{rbuf}	1421	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
878		1438
879	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1439	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
880	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1440	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
881	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1441	true, it will be removed from the queue.
882		1442
		1443	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1444	destroyed after it returns).
		1445
883	=cut	1446	=cut
884		1447
885	our %RH;	1448	our %RH;
886		1449
887	sub register_read_type($$) {	1450	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
893	my $cb = pop;	1456	my $cb = pop;
894		1457
895	if (@_) {	1458	if (@_) {
896	my $type = shift;	1459	my $type = shift;
897		1460
		1461	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
898	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1462	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
899	->($self, $cb, @_);	1463	->($self, $cb, @_);
900	}	1464	}
901		1465
902	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1466	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
903	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1467	$self->_drain_rbuf;
904	}	1468	}
905		1469
906	sub unshift_read {	1470	sub unshift_read {
907	my $self = shift;	1471	my $self = shift;
908	my $cb = pop;	1472	my $cb = pop;
909		1473
910	if (@_) {	1474	if (@_) {
911	my $type = shift;	1475	my $type = shift;
912		1476
		1477	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
913	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1478	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
914	->($self, $cb, @_);	1479	->($self, $cb, @_);
915	}	1480	}
916		1481
917
918	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1482	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
919	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1483	$self->_drain_rbuf;
920	}	1484	}
921		1485
922	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1486	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
923		1487
924	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1488	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
925		1489
926	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1490	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
927	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1491	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
928	etc.	1492	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1493	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1494	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
929		1495
930	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1496	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
931	drop by and tell us):	1497	drop by and tell us):
932		1498
933	=over 4	1499	=over 4
…		…
939	data.	1505	data.
940		1506
941	Example: read 2 bytes.	1507	Example: read 2 bytes.
942		1508
943	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1509	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
944	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1510	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
945	});	1511	});
946		1512
947	=cut	1513	=cut
948		1514
949	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1515	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
979		1545
980	register_read_type line => sub {	1546	register_read_type line => sub {
981	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1547	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
982		1548
983	if (@_ < 3) {	1549	if (@_ < 3) {
984	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1550	# this is faster then the generic code below
985	sub {	1551	sub {
986	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1552	(my $pos = index $_[0]{rbuf}, "\012") >= 0
		1553	or return;
987		1554
		1555	(my $str = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $pos + 1, "") =~ s/(\015?\012)\Z// or die;
988	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1556	$cb->($_[0], $str, "$1");
989	1	1557	1
990	}	1558	}
991	} else {	1559	} else {
992	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1560	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
993	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1561	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
994		1562
995	sub {	1563	sub {
996	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1564	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
997		1565
998	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1566	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
999	1	1567	1
1000	}	1568	}
1001	}	1569	}
1002	};	1570	};
1003		1571
1004	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1572	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
1005		1573
1006	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1574	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
1007	everything up to and including the match.	1575	everything up to and including the match. All the usual regex variables
		1576	($1, %+ etc.) from the regex match are available in the callback.
1008		1577
1009	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.	1578	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
1010		1579
1011	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });	1580	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
1012		1581
…		…
1025	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1594	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1026	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1595	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1027	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1596	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1028	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1597	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1029	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1598	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1030	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1599	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1031		1600
1032	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1601	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1033	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1602	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1034	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1603	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1035	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1604	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1036	required for the accept regex.	1605	required for the accept regex.
1037		1606
1038	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1607	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1051		1620
1052	sub {	1621	sub {
1053	# accept	1622	# accept
1054	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1623	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1624	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1056	$cb->($self, $data);	1625	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1057	return 1;	1626	return 1;
1058	}	1627	}
1059		1628
1060	# reject	1629	# reject
1061	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1630	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1062	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1631	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1063	}	1632	}
1064		1633
1065	# skip	1634	# skip
1066	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1635	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1067	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1636	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1083	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1652	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1084		1653
1085	sub {	1654	sub {
1086	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1655	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1087	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1656	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1088	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1657	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1089	}	1658	}
1090	return;	1659	return;
1091	}	1660	}
1092		1661
1093	my $len = $1;	1662	my $len = $1;
1094		1663
1095	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1664	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1096	my $string = $_[1];	1665	my $string = $_[1];
1097	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1666	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1098	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1667	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1099	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1668	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1100	} else {	1669	} else {
1101	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1670	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1102	}	1671	}
1103	});	1672	});
1104	});	1673	});
1105		1674
1106	1	1675	1
…		…
1156	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1725	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1157		1726
1158	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the	1727	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
1159	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.	1728	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1160		1729
1161	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1730	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
1162	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1731	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a L<JSON::XS> or
		1732	L<JSON::PP> coder object expecting UTF-8.
1163		1733
1164	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1734	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
1165	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a	1735	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above.
1166	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
1167	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
1168		1736
1169	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write	1737	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
1170	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See	1738	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
1171	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1739	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1172		1740
1173	=cut	1741	=cut
1174		1742
1175	register_read_type json => sub {	1743	register_read_type json => sub {
1176	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1744	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1177		1745
1178	require JSON;	1746	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1179		1747
1180	my $data;	1748	my $data;
1181	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1182
1183	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1184		1749
1185	sub {	1750	sub {
1186	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };	1751	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1187		1752
1188	if ($ref) {	1753	if ($ref) {
1189	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1754	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1190	$json->incr_text = "";	1755	$json->incr_text = "";
1191	$cb->($self, $ref);	1756	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1192		1757
1193	1	1758	1
1194	} elsif ($@) {	1759	} elsif ($@) {
1195	# error case	1760	# error case
1196	$json->incr_skip;	1761	$json->incr_skip;
1197		1762
1198	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1763	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1199	$json->incr_text = "";	1764	$json->incr_text = "";
1200		1765
1201	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1766	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1202		1767
1203	()	1768	()
1204	} else {	1769	} else {
1205	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1770	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
1206		1771
		1772	()
		1773	}
		1774	}
		1775	};
		1776
		1777	=item cbor => $cb->($handle, $scalar)
		1778
		1779	Reads a CBOR value, decodes it and passes it to the callback. When a parse
		1780	error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1781
		1782	If a L<CBOR::XS> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
		1783	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a CBOR coder without
		1784	enabling any options.
		1785
		1786	You have to provide a dependency to L<CBOR::XS> on your own: this module
		1787	will load the L<CBOR::XS> module, but AnyEvent does not depend on it
		1788	itself.
		1789
		1790	Since CBOR values are fully self-delimiting, the C<cbor> read and write
		1791	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange CBOR datagrams. See
		1792	the C<cbor> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1793
		1794	=cut
		1795
		1796	register_read_type cbor => sub {
		1797	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1798
		1799	my $cbor = $self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder;
		1800
		1801	my $data;
		1802
		1803	sub {
		1804	my (@value) = eval { $cbor->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
		1805
		1806	if (@value) {
		1807	$cb->($_[0], @value);
		1808
		1809	1
		1810	} elsif ($@) {
		1811	# error case
		1812	$cbor->incr_reset;
		1813
		1814	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1815
		1816	()
		1817	} else {
1207	()	1818	()
1208	}	1819	}
1209	}	1820	}
1210	};	1821	};
1211		1822
…		…
1220	=cut	1831	=cut
1221		1832
1222	register_read_type storable => sub {	1833	register_read_type storable => sub {
1223	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1834	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1224		1835
1225	require Storable;	1836	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1226		1837
1227	sub {	1838	sub {
1228	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1839	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1229	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1840	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1230	or return;	1841	or return;
…		…
1233		1844
1234	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1845	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1235	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1846	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1236	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1847	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1237	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1848	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1849
1238	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1850	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1851	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1239	} else {	1852	} else {
1240	# remove prefix	1853	# remove prefix
1241	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1854	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1242		1855
1243	# read remaining chunk	1856	# read remaining chunk
1244	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1857	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1245	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1858	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1246	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1247	} else {
1248	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1859	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1249	}
1250	});	1860	});
1251	}	1861	}
1252		1862
1253	1	1863	1
1254	}	1864	}
1255	};	1865	};
1256		1866
		1867	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1868
		1869	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1870	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1871	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1872	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1873
		1874	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1875	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1876	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1877	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1878	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1879	C<$detect>.
		1880
		1881	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1882	TLS negotiation.
		1883
		1884	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1885	handlers.
		1886
		1887	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1888
		1889	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1890	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1891	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1892	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1893	accomodate protocol changes.
		1894
		1895	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1896	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1897
		1898	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1899
		1900	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1901	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1902
		1903	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1904	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1905	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1906
		1907	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1908
		1909	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1910	line.
		1911
		1912	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1913	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1914	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1915	});
		1916
		1917	=cut
		1918
		1919	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1920	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1921
		1922	sub {
		1923	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1924	if (
		1925	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1926	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1927	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1928	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1929	) {
		1930	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1931
		1932	# full match, valid TLS record
		1933	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1934	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1935	} else {
		1936	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1937	$cb->($self, undef);
		1938	}
		1939
		1940	1
		1941	}
		1942	};
		1943
		1944	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1945	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1946
		1947	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1948	return unless $_[1];
		1949	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1950	})
		1951	};
		1952
1257	=back	1953	=back
1258		1954
1259	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1955	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1260		1956
1261	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1957	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1958	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1959	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1960	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1961	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1262		1962
1263	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1963	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1264	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1964	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1265	arguments.
1266		1965
1267	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1966	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1268	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1967	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1968	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1969	converter.
1269		1970
1270	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1971	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1271	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1972	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1973	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1272		1974
1273	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1274	global, so try to use unique names.
1275
1276	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1975	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1277	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1976	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1278		1977
1279	=item $handle->stop_read	1978	=item $handle->stop_read
1280		1979
1281	=item $handle->start_read	1980	=item $handle->start_read
1282		1981
…		…
1288	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1987	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1289	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1988	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1290	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1989	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1291	there are any read requests in the queue.	1990	there are any read requests in the queue.
1292		1991
1293	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support	1992	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
1294	half-duplex connections).	1993	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1994	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1995	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1996	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1997	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1998	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1999	during a rehandshake.
		2000
		2001	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		2002	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
1295		2003
1296	=cut	2004	=cut
1297		2005
1298	sub stop_read {	2006	sub stop_read {
1299	my ($self) = @_;	2007	my ($self) = @_;
1300		2008
1301	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};	2009	delete $self->{_rw};
1302	}	2010	}
1303		2011
1304	sub start_read {	2012	sub start_read {
1305	my ($self) = @_;	2013	my ($self) = @_;
1306		2014
1307	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	2015	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1308	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	2016	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1309		2017
1310	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	2018	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1311	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	2019	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1312	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	2020	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1313		2021
1314	if ($len > 0) {	2022	if ($len > 0) {
1315	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	2023	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1316		2024
1317	if ($self->{tls}) {	2025	if ($self->{tls}) {
1318	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	2026	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1319		2027
1320	&_dotls ($self);	2028	&_dotls ($self);
1321	} else {	2029	} else {
1322	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2030	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2031	}
		2032
		2033	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		2034	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		2035	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		2036	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
1323	}	2037	}
1324		2038
1325	} elsif (defined $len) {	2039	} elsif (defined $len) {
1326	delete $self->{_rw};	2040	delete $self->{_rw};
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2041	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2042	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1329		2043
1330	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	2044	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1331	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	2045	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1332	}	2046	}
1333	});	2047	};
		2048	}
		2049	}
		2050
		2051	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		2052	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		2053
		2054	sub _tls_error {
		2055	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		2056
		2057	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		2058	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2059
		2060	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		2061
		2062	# reduce error string to look less scary
		2063	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		2064
		2065	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		2066	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		2067	&_freetls;
		2068	} else {
		2069	&_freetls;
		2070	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
1334	}	2071	}
1335	}	2072	}
1336		2073
1337	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable	2074	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		2075	# also decode read data if possible
		2076	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		2077	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		2078	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1338	sub _dotls {	2079	sub _dotls {
1339	my ($self) = @_;	2080	my ($self) = @_;
1340		2081
1341	my $tmp;	2082	my $tmp;
1342		2083
1343	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	2084	while (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1344	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	2085	if (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) <= 0) {
1345	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";	2086	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		2087
		2088	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2089	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2090	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2091
		2092	last;
1346	}	2093	}
		2094
		2095	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1347	}	2096	}
1348		2097
1349	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2098	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1350	unless (length $tmp) {	2099	unless (length $tmp) {
1351	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF	2100	$self->{_on_starttls}
1352	delete $self->{_rw};	2101	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
1353	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1354	&_freetls;	2102	&_freetls;
		2103
		2104	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		2105	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		2106	return;
		2107	} else {
		2108	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		2109	delete $self->{_rw};
		2110	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		2111	}
1355	}	2112	}
1356		2113
1357	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;	2114	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1358	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2115	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1359	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	2116	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1360	}	2117	}
1361		2118
1362	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	2119	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); # -1 is not neccessarily correct, but Net::SSLeay doesn't tell us
1363
1364	if ($tmp != Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1365	if ($tmp == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1366	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	2120	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1367	} elsif ($tmp == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {	2121	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1368	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);	2122	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1369	}
1370
1371	# all other errors are fine for our purposes
1372	}
1373		2123
1374	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2124	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1375	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	2125	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1376	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2126	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2127	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1377	}	2128	}
		2129
		2130	$self->{_on_starttls}
		2131	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
		2132	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1378	}	2133	}
1379		2134
1380	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2135	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1381		2136
1382	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2137	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1383	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2138	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1384	C<starttls>.	2139	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2140
		2141	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2142	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2143	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2144	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2145	data when calling this method.
1385		2146
1386	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2147	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1387	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2148	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1388		2149
1389	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	2150	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1390	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	2151	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		2152	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		2153	construct a new context.
1391		2154
1392	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	2155	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1393	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	2156	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1394	might have already started when this function returns.	2157	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		2158	when this function returns.
1395		2159
1396	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	2160	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1397	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	2161	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2162	stream after stopping TLS.
1398		2163
		2164	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2165	destroyed after it returns).
		2166
1399	=cut	2167	=cut
		2168
		2169	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1400		2170
1401	sub starttls {	2171	sub starttls {
1402	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2172	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1403		2173
1404	require Net::SSLeay;	2174	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
1405
1406	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1407	if $self->{tls};	2175	if $self->{tls};
		2176
		2177	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
		2178	eval {
		2179	require Net::SSLeay;
		2180	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2181	1
		2182	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2183	}
		2184
		2185	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2186	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2187
		2188	return unless $self->{fh};
		2189
		2190	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2191	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		2192
		2193	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		2194	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2195
		2196	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		2197
		2198	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		2199	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		2200	my $key = $ctx+0;
		2201	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2202	} else {
		2203	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2204	}
		2205	}
1408		2206
1409	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	2207	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1410	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2208	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1411	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
1412	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
1413	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1414	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
1415	}
1416
1417	$self->{tls} = $ssl;
1418		2209
1419	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2210	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1420	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2211	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1421	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2212	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1422	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2213	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1426	#	2217	#
1427	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	2218	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1428	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	2219	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1429	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	2220	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1430	# have identity issues in that area.	2221	# have identity issues in that area.
1431	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2222	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1432	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2223	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1433	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2224	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2225	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1434		2226
1435	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2227	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1436	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2228	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1437		2229
		2230	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2231	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2232
1438	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2233	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
		2234
		2235	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
		2236	if $self->{on_starttls};
1439		2237
1440	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	2238	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1441	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read	2239	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1442	}	2240	}
1443		2241
1444	=item $handle->stoptls	2242	=item $handle->stoptls
1445		2243
1446	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	2244	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1447	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	2245	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1448	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	2246	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1449	afterwards.	2247	the stream afterwards.
		2248
		2249	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2250	destroyed after it returns).
1450		2251
1451	=cut	2252	=cut
1452		2253
1453	sub stoptls {	2254	sub stoptls {
1454	my ($self) = @_;	2255	my ($self) = @_;
1455		2256
1456	if ($self->{tls}) {	2257	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1457	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	2258	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1458		2259
1459	&_dotls;	2260	&_dotls;
1460		2261
1461	# we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...	2262	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1462	# we, we... have to use openssl :/	2263	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1463	&_freetls;	2264	# &_freetls;#d#
1464	}	2265	}
1465	}	2266	}
1466		2267
1467	sub _freetls {	2268	sub _freetls {
1468	my ($self) = @_;	2269	my ($self) = @_;
1469		2270
1470	return unless $self->{tls};	2271	return unless $self->{tls};
1471		2272
1472	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls});	2273	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2274	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1473		2275
1474	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf)};	2276	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1475	}	2277	}
		2278
		2279	=item $handle->resettls
		2280
		2281	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2282	causing data loss.
		2283
		2284	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2285	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2286	no concern.
		2287
		2288	=cut
		2289
		2290	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1476		2291
1477	sub DESTROY {	2292	sub DESTROY {
1478	my $self = shift;	2293	my ($self) = @_;
1479		2294
1480	&_freetls;	2295	&_freetls;
1481		2296
1482	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2297	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1483		2298
1484	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2299	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1485	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2300	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1486	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2301	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1487		2302
1488	my @linger;	2303	my @linger;
1489		2304
1490	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2305	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1491	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2306	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1492		2307
1493	if ($len > 0) {	2308	if ($len > 0) {
1494	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2309	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1495	} else {	2310	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != EWOULDBLOCK && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1496	@linger = (); # end	2311	@linger = (); # end
1497	}	2312	}
1498	});	2313	};
1499	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2314	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1500	@linger = ();	2315	@linger = ();
1501	});	2316	};
1502	}	2317	}
1503	}	2318	}
1504		2319
1505	=item $handle->destroy	2320	=item $handle->destroy
1506		2321
1507	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2322	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1508	no further callbacks will be invoked and resources will be freed as much	2323	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1509	as possible. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2324	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2325	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2326	empty list).
1510		2327
1511	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2328	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1512	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2329	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1513	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2330	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1514	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2331	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
1515	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in	2332	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
1516	that case.	2333	that case.
1517		2334
		2335	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2336	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2337	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2338	reference cycles.
		2339
1518	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining	2340	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
1519	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.	2341	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
1520		2342
1521	=cut	2343	=cut
1522		2344
1523	sub destroy {	2345	sub destroy {
1524	my ($self) = @_;	2346	my ($self) = @_;
1525		2347
1526	$self->DESTROY;	2348	$self->DESTROY;
1527	%$self = ();	2349	%$self = ();
		2350	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1528	}	2351	}
		2352
		2353	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2354	#nop
		2355	}
		2356
		2357	=item $handle->destroyed
		2358
		2359	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2360	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2361
		2362	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2363	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2364	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2365	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2366
		2367	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2368	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2369	$hdl->push_write (...
		2370
		2371	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2372	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2373	handle being destroyed.
		2374
		2375	=cut
		2376
		2377	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2378	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1529		2379
1530	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2380	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1531		2381
1532	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2382	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1533	default for TLS mode.	2383	for TLS mode.
1534		2384
1535	The context is created like this:	2385	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1536
1537	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1538	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1539	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1540
1541	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1542
1543	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1544		2386
1545	=cut	2387	=cut
1546		2388
1547	our $TLS_CTX;	2389	our $TLS_CTX;
1548		2390
1549	sub TLS_CTX() {	2391	sub TLS_CTX() {
1550	$TLS_CTX || do {	2392	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1551	require Net::SSLeay;	2393	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1552		2394
1553	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2395	new AnyEvent::TLS
1554	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1555	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1556
1557	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1558
1559	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1560
1561	$TLS_CTX
1562	}	2396	}
1563	}	2397	}
1564		2398
1565	=back	2399	=back
1566		2400
…		…
1577		2411
1578	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,	2412	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
1579	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<	2413	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
1580	->destroy >> method.	2414	->destroy >> method.
1581		2415
		2416	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2417
		2418	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2419	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2420	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2421
		2422	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2423	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2424	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2425	queue.
		2426
		2427	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2428
		2429	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2430
		2431	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2432	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2433	and handles them, in a loop.
		2434
		2435	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2436	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2437	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2438	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2439	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2440
		2441	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2442	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2443
		2444	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2445	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2446	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2447
		2448	... handle request
		2449
		2450	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2451	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2452	});
		2453
		2454	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2455	# now push the first @start_request
		2456	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2457
		2458	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2459	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2460	unexpectedly.
		2461
		2462	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2463	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2464	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2465	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2466	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2467	problem).
		2468
		2469	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2470	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2471	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2472
		2473	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2474	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2475	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2476	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2477	and simpler:
		2478
		2479	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2480	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2481	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2482
		2483	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2484	# simply start read the request
		2485
		2486	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2487	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2488
		2489	... handle request
		2490
		2491	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2492	# let the request queue go empty.
		2493	});
		2494	});
		2495
1582	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2496	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1583	reading?	2497	reading?
1584		2498
1585	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2499	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1586	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2500	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1587	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2501	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1588	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2502	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1589		2503
1590	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2504	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1591	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2505	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1592	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2506	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1593		2507
1594	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2508	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1595	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2509	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1605		2519
1606	$handle->on_read (sub { });	2520	$handle->on_read (sub { });
1607	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2521	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1608	$handle->on_error (sub {	2522	$handle->on_error (sub {
1609	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2523	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1610	undef $handle;
1611	});	2524	});
		2525
		2526	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2527	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2528	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
1612		2529
1613	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2530	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1614	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2531	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1615	fact, all data has been received.	2532	fact all data has been received.
1616		2533
1617	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2534	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1618	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2535	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1619	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2536	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1620	explicit QUIT command.	2537	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1627	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been	2544	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
1628	written to the socket:	2545	written to the socket:
1629		2546
1630	$handle->push_write (...);	2547	$handle->push_write (...);
1631	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2548	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1632	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2549	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
1633	undef $handle;	2550	undef $handle;
1634	});	2551	});
1635		2552
		2553	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2554	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2555
		2556	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2557
		2558	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2559	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2560	parameter:
		2561
		2562	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2563	my ($fh) = @_;
		2564
		2565	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2566	fh => $fh,
		2567	tls => "connect",
		2568	on_error => sub { ... };
		2569
		2570	$handle->push_write (...);
		2571	};
		2572
		2573	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2574
		2575	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2576	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2577	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2578
		2579	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2580
		2581	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2582	my ($fh) = @_;
		2583
		2584	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2585	fh => $fh,
		2586	peername => $host,
		2587	tls => "connect",
		2588	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2589	...
		2590
		2591	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2592	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2593	peername verification will be done.
		2594
		2595	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2596	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2597	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2598
		2599	tls_ctx => {
		2600	verify => 1,
		2601	verify_peername => "https",
		2602	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2603	},
		2604
		2605	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2606
		2607	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2608	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2609	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2610	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2611	nice program for that purpose).
		2612
		2613	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2614	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2615	file should then look like this:
		2616
		2617	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2618	...header data
		2619	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2620	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2621
		2622	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2623	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2624	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2625
		2626	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2627	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2628
		2629	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2630	my ($fh) = @_;
		2631
		2632	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2633	fh => $fh,
		2634	tls => "accept",
		2635	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2636	...
		2637
		2638	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2639	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2640
1636	=back	2641	=back
1637
1638		2642
1639	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2643	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1640		2644
1641	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2645	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1642		2646
…		…
1659		2663
1660	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2664	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1661	are free to use in subclasses.	2665	are free to use in subclasses.
1662		2666
1663	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2667	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1664	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2668	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1665		2669
1666	=back	2670	=back
1667		2671
1668	=head1 AUTHOR	2672	=head1 AUTHOR
1669		2673
1670	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2674	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1671		2675
1672	=cut	2676	=cut
1673		2677
1674	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2678	1
		2679

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