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Revision 1.208 by root, Sun Dec 5 11:41:45 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.452;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
		15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
		16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
32	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
33	},
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		93
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	97	that mode.
81		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
		116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		120	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		121	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		122	established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		134
		135	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry>
		136	will continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed
		137	hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). At the
		138	time it is called the read and write queues, eof status, tls status and
		139	similar properties of the handle will have been reset.
		140
		141	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		142
		143	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		144
		145	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		146	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		147	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		148
		149	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		150	fatal error instead.
		151
		152	=back
		153
		154	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		155
		156	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
		157	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
		158	connect, or a read error.
		159
		160	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
		161	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		162	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		163	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		164	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		165	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		166	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		167
		168	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		169	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		170	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		171	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		172
		173	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		174	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		175	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		176	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		177
		178	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
		179	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		180	C<EPROTO>).
		181
		182	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
		183	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
		184	C<croak>.
		185
		186	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
		187
		188	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
		189	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		190	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		191	read buffer).
		192
		193	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
		194	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		195	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		196	the beginning from it.
		197
		198	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		199	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		200
		201	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
		202	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
		203	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
		204	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		205
		206	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		207	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		208	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		209	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		210
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	211	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
83		212
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	213	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	214	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86	connection cleanly.	215	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		216	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		217	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
87		218
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	219	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF	220	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	221	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91	down.	222	down.
92		223
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an EOF callback,
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	224	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	225	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		226
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.
105
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
113	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
114	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
115	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
116
117	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
118	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
119	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
120	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
121
122	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
123	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
124	C<EPROTO>).
125
126	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
127	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
128	C<croak>.
129
130	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
131
132	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
133	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
134	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
135	read buffer).
136
137	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
138	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
139	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
140	the beginning from it.
141
142	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
143	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
144	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
145	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
146
147	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	227	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
148		228
149	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	229	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
150	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	230	(or immediately if the buffer is empty already).
151		231
152	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	232	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
153		233
154	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	234	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
155	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	235	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
157	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	237	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
158	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	238	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
159		239
160	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	240	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
161		241
		242	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		243
		244	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		245
162	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	246	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
163	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	247	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
164	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	248	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
165	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	249	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		250	error will be raised).
166		251
		252	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently
		253	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		254	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		255	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		256	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		257
167	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	258	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have
168	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	259	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
169	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	260	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the timeout
170	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	261	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
171	restart the timeout.	262	restart the timeout.
172		263
173	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	264	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
174		265
…		…
190	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	281	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
191	isn't finished).	282	isn't finished).
192		283
193	=item autocork => <boolean>	284	=item autocork => <boolean>
194		285
195	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	286	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
196	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	287	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
197	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	288	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
198	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	289	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
199	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	290	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
200	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	291	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
201		292
202	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	293	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
203	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	294	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
204	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	295	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
205	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	296	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
206		297
207	=item no_delay => <boolean>	298	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
211	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	302	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
212		303
213	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	304	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
214	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	305	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
215		306
216	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	307	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
217	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	308	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		309
		310	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		311
		312	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		313	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		314	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		315	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		316	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		317	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		318	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		319	to 15 minutes later.
		320
		321	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		322	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		323	is usually a good idea.
		324
		325	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		326
		327	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		328	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		329	implements it slightly differently.
		330
		331	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		332	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		333	putting it into the stream.
		334
		335	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		336	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		337	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		338	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		339	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		340	from most attacks.
218		341
219	=item read_size => <bytes>	342	=item read_size => <bytes>
220		343
221	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	344	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try to
222	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	345	read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume at least
223	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	346	this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when handling many
		347	connections requirements). See also C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		348
		349	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		350
		351	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		352	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		353	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		354	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
224		355
225	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	356	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
226		357
227	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	358	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
228	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	359	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
229	considered empty.	360	considered empty.
230		361
231	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	362	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
232	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	363	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
233	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	364	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
234	is good in almost all cases.	365	is good in almost all cases.
235		366
236	=item linger => <seconds>	367	=item linger => <seconds>
237		368
238	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	369	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
239	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	370	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
240	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	371	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
241	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	372	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
242	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	373	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
243		374
…		…
249		380
250	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname	381	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
251	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.	382	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
252		383
253	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS	384	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
254	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>).	385	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		386	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		387	C<undef>.
255		388
256	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	389	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
257		390
258	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	391	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
259	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	392	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
260	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	393	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
261		394
262	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an	395	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
263	appropriate error message.	396	appropriate error message.
264		397
…		…
284	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,	417	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
285	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often	418	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
286	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the	419	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
287	segmentation fault.	420	segmentation fault.
288		421
289	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	422	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
290		423
291	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls	424	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
292		425
293	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection	426	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
294	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	427	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
295	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	428	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		429	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
296		430
297	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key	431	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
298	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a	432	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
299	new TLS context object.	433	new TLS context object.
300		434
		435	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		436
		437	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		438	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		439	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		440
		441	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		442	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		443
		444	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		445	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		446
		447	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		448	called as usual.
		449
		450	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		451	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		452	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		453
		454	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		455
		456	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		457	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		458	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		459	on the handle.
		460
		461	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		462	callback.
		463
		464	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		465	underlying handle signals EOF.
		466
301	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	467	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
302		468
303	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	469	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
304		470
305	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	471	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
…		…
315		481
316	sub new {	482	sub new {
317	my $class = shift;	483	my $class = shift;
318	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	484	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
319		485
320	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	486	if ($self->{fh}) {
		487	$self->_start;
		488	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		489
		490	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		491	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		492
		493	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		494	unless exists $self->{peername};
		495
		496	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		497
		498	{
		499	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		500
		501	$self->{_connect} =
		502	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		503	$self->{connect}[0],
		504	$self->{connect}[1],
		505	sub {
		506	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		507
		508	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		509
		510	if ($fh) {
		511	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		512
		513	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		514	$self->_start;
		515
		516	$self->{on_connect}
		517	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		518	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		519	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		520	&$retry;
		521	});
		522
		523	} else {
		524	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		525	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		526	$self->destroy;
		527	} else {
		528	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		529	}
		530	}
		531	},
		532	sub {
		533	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		534
		535	$self->{on_prepare}
		536	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		537	: ()
		538	}
		539	);
		540	}
		541
		542	} else {
		543	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		544	}
		545
		546	$self
		547	}
		548
		549	sub _start {
		550	my ($self) = @_;
		551
		552	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		553	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		554	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		555	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		556	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
321		557
322	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	558	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
323		559
		560	$self->{_activity} =
		561	$self->{_ractivity} =
324	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	562	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
325	$self->_timeout;
326		563
		564	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		565	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		566	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		567
		568	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		569	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		570	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		571
327	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	572	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		573	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
328		574
		575	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		576
329	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	577	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
330	if $self->{tls};	578	if $self->{tls};
331		579
332	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	580	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
333		581
334	$self->start_read	582	$self->start_read
335	if $self->{on_read};	583	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
336		584
337	$self->{fh} && $self	585	$self->_drain_wbuf;
338	}
339
340	sub _shutdown {
341	my ($self) = @_;
342
343	delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
344	$self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
345
346	&_freetls;
347	}	586	}
348		587
349	sub _error {	588	sub _error {
350	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;	589	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
351		590
352	$self->_shutdown
353	if $fatal;
354
355	$! = $errno;	591	$! = $errno;
356	$message ||= "$!";	592	$message ||= "$!";
357		593
358	if ($self->{on_error}) {	594	if ($self->{on_error}) {
359	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);	595	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
360	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	596	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		597	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		598	$self->destroy;
361	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";	599	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
362	}	600	}
363	}	601	}
364		602
365	=item $fh = $handle->fh	603	=item $fh = $handle->fh
…		…
390	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	628	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
391	}	629	}
392		630
393	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	631	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
394		632
395	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	633	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
396	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
397	argument and method.
398		634
399	=cut	635	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
400		636
401	sub on_timeout {	637	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
402	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	638	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
403	}	639	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		640
		641	=cut
		642
		643	# see below
404		644
405	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	645	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
406		646
407	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	647	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
408	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	648	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
421	=cut	661	=cut
422		662
423	sub no_delay {	663	sub no_delay {
424	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	664	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
425		665
		666	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		667	if $_[0]{fh};
		668	}
		669
		670	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		671
		672	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		673	the same name for details).
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	sub keepalive {
		678	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		679
426	eval {	680	eval {
427	local $SIG{__DIE__};	681	local $SIG{__DIE__};
428	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	682	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		683	if $_[0]{fh};
429	};	684	};
430	}	685	}
431		686
		687	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		688
		689	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		690	the same name for details).
		691
		692	=cut
		693
		694	sub oobinline {
		695	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		696
		697	eval {
		698	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		699	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		700	if $_[0]{fh};
		701	};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		705
		706	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		707	the same name for details).
		708
		709	=cut
		710
		711	sub keepalive {
		712	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		713
		714	eval {
		715	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		716	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		717	if $_[0]{fh};
		718	};
		719	}
		720
		721	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		722
		723	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		724
		725	=cut
		726
		727	sub on_starttls {
		728	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		729	}
		730
		731	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		732
		733	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		734
		735	=cut
		736
		737	sub on_stoptls {
		738	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		739	}
		740
		741	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		742
		743	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		744
		745	=cut
		746
		747	sub rbuf_max {
		748	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		749	}
		750
432	#############################################################################	751	#############################################################################
433		752
434	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	753	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
435		754
		755	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		756
		757	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		758
436	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	759	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
437		760
438	=cut	761	=item $handle->timeout_reset
439		762
440	sub timeout {	763	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		764
		765	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		766
		767	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		768
		769	These methods are cheap to call.
		770
		771	=cut
		772
		773	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		774	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		775	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		776	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		777	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		778	my $cb;
		779
		780	*$on_timeout = sub {
		781	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		782	};
		783
		784	*$timeout = sub {
441	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	785	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
442		786
		787	$new_value >= 0
		788	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		789
443	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	790	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
444	$self->_timeout;	791	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
445	}	792	};
446		793
		794	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		795	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		796	};
		797
		798	# main workhorse:
447	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	799	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
448	# also check for time-outs	800	# also check for time-outs
449	sub _timeout {	801	$cb = sub {
450	my ($self) = @_;	802	my ($self) = @_;
451		803
452	if ($self->{timeout}) {	804	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
453	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	805	my $NOW = AE::now;
454		806
455	# when would the timeout trigger?	807	# when would the timeout trigger?
456	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	808	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
457		809
458	# now or in the past already?	810	# now or in the past already?
459	if ($after <= 0) {	811	if ($after <= 0) {
460	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	812	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
461		813
462	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	814	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
463	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	815	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
464	} else {	816	} else {
465	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	817	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		818	}
		819
		820	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		821	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		822
		823	# calculate new after
		824	$after = $self->{$timeout};
466	}	825	}
467		826
468	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	827	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
469	return unless $self->{timeout};	828	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
470		829
471	# calculate new after	830	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
472	$after = $self->{timeout};	831	delete $self->{$tw};
		832	$cb->($self);
		833	};
		834	} else {
		835	delete $self->{$tw};
473	}	836	}
474
475	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
476	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
477
478	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
479	delete $self->{_tw};
480	$self->_timeout;
481	});
482	} else {
483	delete $self->{_tw};
484	}	837	}
485	}	838	}
486		839
487	#############################################################################	840	#############################################################################
488		841
…		…
503		856
504	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	857	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
505		858
506	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	859	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
507	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	860	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
		861
		862	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		863	destroyed after it returns).
508		864
509	=cut	865	=cut
510		866
511	sub on_drain {	867	sub on_drain {
512	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	868	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
…		…
521		877
522	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	878	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
523	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	879	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
524	buffers it independently of the kernel.	880	buffers it independently of the kernel.
525		881
		882	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		883	destroyed after it returns).
		884
526	=cut	885	=cut
527		886
528	sub _drain_wbuf {	887	sub _drain_wbuf {
529	my ($self) = @_;	888	my ($self) = @_;
530		889
…		…
533	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	892	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
534		893
535	my $cb = sub {	894	my $cb = sub {
536	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	895	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
537		896
538	if ($len >= 0) {	897	if (defined $len) {
539	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	898	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
540		899
541	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	900	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
542		901
543	$self->{on_drain}($self)	902	$self->{on_drain}($self)
544	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	903	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
545	&& $self->{on_drain};	904	&& $self->{on_drain};
546		905
…		…
552		911
553	# try to write data immediately	912	# try to write data immediately
554	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	913	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
555		914
556	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	915	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
557	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	916	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
558	if length $self->{wbuf};	917	if length $self->{wbuf};
559	};	918	};
560	}	919	}
561		920
562	our %WH;	921	our %WH;
563		922
		923	# deprecated
564	sub register_write_type($$) {	924	sub register_write_type($$) {
565	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	925	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
566	}	926	}
567		927
568	sub push_write {	928	sub push_write {
569	my $self = shift;	929	my $self = shift;
570		930
571	if (@_ > 1) {	931	if (@_ > 1) {
572	my $type = shift;	932	my $type = shift;
573		933
		934	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
574	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	935	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
575	->($self, @_);	936	->($self, @_);
576	}	937	}
577		938
		939	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		940	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		941
578	if ($self->{tls}) {	942	if ($self->{tls}) {
579	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	943	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
580		944	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
581	&_dotls ($self);
582	} else {	945	} else {
583	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	946	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
584	$self->_drain_wbuf;	947	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
585	}	948	}
586	}	949	}
587		950
588	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	951	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
589		952
590	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	953	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
591	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	954	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		955	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		956	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		957	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
592		958
593	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	959	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
594	drop by and tell us):	960	drop by and tell us):
595		961
596	=over 4	962	=over 4
…		…
653	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1019	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
654	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1020	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
655		1021
656	=cut	1022	=cut
657		1023
		1024	sub json_coder() {
		1025	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1026	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1027	}
		1028
658	register_write_type json => sub {	1029	register_write_type json => sub {
659	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1030	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
660		1031
661	require JSON;	1032	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
662		1033
663	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1034	$json->encode ($ref)
664	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
665	};	1035	};
666		1036
667	=item storable => $reference	1037	=item storable => $reference
668		1038
669	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1039	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
683		1053
684	=item $handle->push_shutdown	1054	=item $handle->push_shutdown
685		1055
686	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data	1056	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
687	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your	1057	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
688	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket. This method	1058	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
689	is a shorthand for just that, and replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:	1059	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1060	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
690		1061
691	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown	1062	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
692		1063
693	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the	1064	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
694	the peer.	1065	the peer.
695		1066
696	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling	1067	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
697	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.	1068	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
698		1069
		1070	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1071	destroyed after it returns).
		1072
699	=cut	1073	=cut
700		1074
701	sub push_shutdown {	1075	sub push_shutdown {
		1076	my ($self) = @_;
		1077
		1078	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
702	$_[0]->{on_drain} = sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 };	1079	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
703	}	1080	}
704		1081
705	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1082	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
706		1083
707	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1084	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1085	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1086	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1087	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1088	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1089
708	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1090	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
709	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1091	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
710		1092
711	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1093	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
712	be appended to the write buffer.	1094	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1095	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
713		1096
714	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1097	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
715	global, so try to use unique names.	1098	arguments using the first one.
		1099
		1100	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1101
		1102	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1103	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1104	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1105
		1106	package My::Type;
		1107
		1108	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1109	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1110
		1111	join $delim, @args
		1112	}
716		1113
717	=cut	1114	=cut
718		1115
719	#############################################################################	1116	#############################################################################
720		1117
…		…
729	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1126	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
730	a queue.	1127	a queue.
731		1128
732	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1129	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
733	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1130	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
734	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1131	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
735	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1132	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
736	partial message has been received so far).	1133	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1134	e.g. C<push_read>.
737		1135
738	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1136	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
739	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1137	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
740	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1138	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
741	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1139	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
742		1140
743	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1141	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
744	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1142	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
745		1143
…		…
802	=cut	1200	=cut
803		1201
804	sub _drain_rbuf {	1202	sub _drain_rbuf {
805	my ($self) = @_;	1203	my ($self) = @_;
806		1204
		1205	# avoid recursion
		1206	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
807	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1207	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
808
809	if (
810	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
811	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
812	) {
813	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
814	}
815		1208
816	while () {	1209	while () {
817	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while	1210	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
818	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.	1211	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
819	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};	1212	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1213	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
820		1214
821	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1215	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
822		1216
823	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1217	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
824	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1218	unless ($cb->($self)) {
825	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1219	# no progress can be made
826	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1220	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
827	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1221	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
828	}	1222	if $self->{_eof};
829		1223
830	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1224	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
831	last;	1225	last;
832	}	1226	}
833	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1227	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
840	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1234	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
841	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1235	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
842	) {	1236	) {
843	# no further data will arrive	1237	# no further data will arrive
844	# so no progress can be made	1238	# so no progress can be made
845	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1239	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
846	if $self->{_eof};	1240	if $self->{_eof};
847		1241
848	last; # more data might arrive	1242	last; # more data might arrive
849	}	1243	}
850	} else {	1244	} else {
…		…
853	last;	1247	last;
854	}	1248	}
855	}	1249	}
856		1250
857	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1251	if ($self->{_eof}) {
858	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1252	$self->{on_eof}
859	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1253	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
860	} else {	1254	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
861	$self->_error (0, 1);	1255
862	}	1256	return;
		1257	}
		1258
		1259	if (
		1260	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1261	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1262	) {
		1263	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
863	}	1264	}
864		1265
865	# may need to restart read watcher	1266	# may need to restart read watcher
866	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1267	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
867	$self->start_read	1268	$self->start_read
…		…
873		1274
874	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1275	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
875	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1276	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
876	constructor.	1277	constructor.
877		1278
		1279	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1280	destroyed after it returns).
		1281
878	=cut	1282	=cut
879		1283
880	sub on_read {	1284	sub on_read {
881	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1285	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
882		1286
883	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1287	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
884	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1288	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
885	}	1289	}
886		1290
887	=item $handle->rbuf	1291	=item $handle->rbuf
888		1292
889	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1293	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1294	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1295	much faster, and no less clean).
890		1296
891	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>	1297	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
892	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the	1298	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
893	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its	1299	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
894	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
895	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
896		1300
897	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1301	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
898	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1302	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
899	automatically manage the read buffer.	1303	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1304	will manage the read buffer on their own.
900		1305
901	=cut	1306	=cut
902		1307
903	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1308	sub rbuf : lvalue {
904	$_[0]{rbuf}	1309	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
921		1326
922	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1327	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
923	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1328	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
924	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1329	true, it will be removed from the queue.
925		1330
		1331	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1332	destroyed after it returns).
		1333
926	=cut	1334	=cut
927		1335
928	our %RH;	1336	our %RH;
929		1337
930	sub register_read_type($$) {	1338	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
936	my $cb = pop;	1344	my $cb = pop;
937		1345
938	if (@_) {	1346	if (@_) {
939	my $type = shift;	1347	my $type = shift;
940		1348
		1349	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
941	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1350	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
942	->($self, $cb, @_);	1351	->($self, $cb, @_);
943	}	1352	}
944		1353
945	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1354	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
946	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1355	$self->_drain_rbuf;
947	}	1356	}
948		1357
949	sub unshift_read {	1358	sub unshift_read {
950	my $self = shift;	1359	my $self = shift;
951	my $cb = pop;	1360	my $cb = pop;
952		1361
953	if (@_) {	1362	if (@_) {
954	my $type = shift;	1363	my $type = shift;
955		1364
		1365	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
956	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1366	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
957	->($self, $cb, @_);	1367	->($self, $cb, @_);
958	}	1368	}
959		1369
960
961	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1370	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
962	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1371	$self->_drain_rbuf;
963	}	1372	}
964		1373
965	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1374	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
966		1375
967	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1376	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
968		1377
969	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1378	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
970	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1379	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
971	etc.	1380	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1381	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1382	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
972		1383
973	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1384	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
974	drop by and tell us):	1385	drop by and tell us):
975		1386
976	=over 4	1387	=over 4
…		…
1068	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1479	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1069	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1480	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1070	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1481	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1071	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1482	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1072	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1483	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1073	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1484	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1074		1485
1075	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1486	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1076	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1487	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1077	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1488	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1078	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1489	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1079	required for the accept regex.	1490	required for the accept regex.
1080		1491
1081	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1492	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1100	return 1;	1511	return 1;
1101	}	1512	}
1102		1513
1103	# reject	1514	# reject
1104	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1515	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1105	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1516	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1106	}	1517	}
1107		1518
1108	# skip	1519	# skip
1109	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1520	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1110	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1521	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1126	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1537	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1127		1538
1128	sub {	1539	sub {
1129	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1540	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1130	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1541	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1131	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1542	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1132	}	1543	}
1133	return;	1544	return;
1134	}	1545	}
1135		1546
1136	my $len = $1;	1547	my $len = $1;
…		…
1139	my $string = $_[1];	1550	my $string = $_[1];
1140	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1551	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1141	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1552	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1142	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1553	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1143	} else {	1554	} else {
1144	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1555	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1145	}	1556	}
1146	});	1557	});
1147	});	1558	});
1148		1559
1149	1	1560	1
…		…
1216	=cut	1627	=cut
1217		1628
1218	register_read_type json => sub {	1629	register_read_type json => sub {
1219	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1630	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1220		1631
1221	my $json = $self->{json} ||=	1632	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1222	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
1223	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1224		1633
1225	my $data;	1634	my $data;
1226	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1635	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1227		1636
1228	sub {	1637	sub {
…		…
1239	$json->incr_skip;	1648	$json->incr_skip;
1240		1649
1241	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1650	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1242	$json->incr_text = "";	1651	$json->incr_text = "";
1243		1652
1244	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1653	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1245		1654
1246	()	1655	()
1247	} else {	1656	} else {
1248	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1657	$self->{rbuf} = "";
1249		1658
…		…
1286	# read remaining chunk	1695	# read remaining chunk
1287	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1696	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1288	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1697	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1289	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1698	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1290	} else {	1699	} else {
1291	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1700	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1292	}	1701	}
1293	});	1702	});
1294	}	1703	}
1295		1704
1296	1	1705	1
1297	}	1706	}
1298	};	1707	};
1299		1708
1300	=back	1709	=back
1301		1710
1302	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1711	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1303		1712
1304	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1713	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1714	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1715	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1716	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1717	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1305		1718
1306	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1719	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1307	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1720	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1308	arguments.
1309		1721
1310	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1722	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1311	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1723	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1724	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1725	converter.
1312		1726
1313	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1727	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1314	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1728	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1729	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1315		1730
1316	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1317	global, so try to use unique names.
1318
1319	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1731	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1320	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1732	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1321		1733
1322	=item $handle->stop_read	1734	=item $handle->stop_read
1323		1735
1324	=item $handle->start_read	1736	=item $handle->start_read
1325		1737
…		…
1345	}	1757	}
1346		1758
1347	sub start_read {	1759	sub start_read {
1348	my ($self) = @_;	1760	my ($self) = @_;
1349		1761
1350	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1762	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1351	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1763	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1352		1764
1353	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1765	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1354	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	1766	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1355	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1767	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1356		1768
1357	if ($len > 0) {	1769	if ($len > 0) {
1358	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1770	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1359		1771
1360	if ($self->{tls}) {	1772	if ($self->{tls}) {
1361	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	1773	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1362		1774
1363	&_dotls ($self);	1775	&_dotls ($self);
1364	} else {	1776	} else {
1365	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1777	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1778	}
		1779
		1780	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1781	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1782	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1783	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
1366	}	1784	}
1367		1785
1368	} elsif (defined $len) {	1786	} elsif (defined $len) {
1369	delete $self->{_rw};	1787	delete $self->{_rw};
1370	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1788	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1371	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1789	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1372		1790
1373	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1791	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1374	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1792	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1375	}	1793	}
1376	});	1794	};
1377	}	1795	}
1378	}	1796	}
1379		1797
1380	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;	1798	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
1381	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;	1799	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
1382	our $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1383		1800
1384	sub _tls_error {	1801	sub _tls_error {
1385	my ($self, $err) = @_;	1802	my ($self, $err) = @_;
1386		1803
1387	return $self->_error ($!, 1)	1804	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
…		…
1390	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());	1807	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
1391		1808
1392	# reduce error string to look less scary	1809	# reduce error string to look less scary
1393	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;	1810	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
1394		1811
		1812	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1813	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1814	&_freetls;
		1815	} else {
		1816	&_freetls;
1395	$self->_error (&Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);	1817	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1818	}
1396	}	1819	}
1397		1820
1398	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable	1821	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
1399	# also decode read data if possible	1822	# also decode read data if possible
1400	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine	1823	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
…		…
1411	}	1834	}
1412		1835
1413	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);	1836	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
1414	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)	1837	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1415	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ	1838	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1416	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!)	1839	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1417	&& $tmp != $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1418	}	1840	}
1419		1841
1420	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1842	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1421	unless (length $tmp) {	1843	unless (length $tmp) {
1422	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF	1844	$self->{_on_starttls}
1423	delete $self->{_rw};	1845	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
1424	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1425	&_freetls;	1846	&_freetls;
		1847
		1848	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1849	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1850	return;
		1851	} else {
		1852	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1853	delete $self->{_rw};
		1854	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1855	}
1426	}	1856	}
1427		1857
1428	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;	1858	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1429	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1859	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1430	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	1860	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1431	}	1861	}
1432		1862
1433	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	1863	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1434	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)	1864	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1435	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ	1865	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1436	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!)	1866	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1437	&& $tmp != $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1438		1867
1439	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1868	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1440	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	1869	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1441	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1870	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1871	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1442	}	1872	}
		1873
		1874	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1875	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
		1876	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1443	}	1877	}
1444		1878
1445	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1879	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1446		1880
1447	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1881	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1448	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1882	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1449	C<starttls>.	1883	C<starttls>.
		1884
		1885	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1886	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1887	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
1450		1888
1451	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1889	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1452	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1890	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1453		1891
1454	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used	1892	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
…		…
1459	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS	1897	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1460	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or	1898	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1461	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started	1899	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
1462	when this function returns.	1900	when this function returns.
1463		1901
1464	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	1902	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1465	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	1903	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1904	stream after stopping TLS.
		1905
		1906	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1907	destroyed after it returns).
1466		1908
1467	=cut	1909	=cut
1468		1910
1469	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?	1911	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1470		1912
1471	sub starttls {	1913	sub starttls {
1472	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1914	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
		1915
		1916	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1917	if $self->{tls};
		1918
		1919	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1920	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1921
		1922	return unless $self->{fh};
1473		1923
1474	require Net::SSLeay;	1924	require Net::SSLeay;
1475		1925
1476	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1477	if $self->{tls};
1478
1479	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	1926	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1480	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();	1927	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1481	$ERROR_ZERO_RETURN = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_ZERO_RETURN ();
1482		1928
		1929	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
1483	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};	1930	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1931
		1932	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
1484		1933
1485	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {	1934	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
1486	require AnyEvent::TLS;	1935	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1487
1488	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
1489		1936
1490	if ($ctx->{cache}) {	1937	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
1491	my $key = $ctx+0;	1938	my $key = $ctx+0;
1492	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	1939	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1493	} else {	1940	} else {
1494	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	1941	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1495	}	1942	}
1496	}	1943	}
1497		1944
1498	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();	1945	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1499	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});	1946	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1500		1947
1501	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1948	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1502	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1949	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1503	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1950	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1504	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1951	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1511	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	1958	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1512	# have identity issues in that area.	1959	# have identity issues in that area.
1513	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,	1960	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1514	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1961	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1515	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1962	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1516	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);	1963	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1517		1964
1518	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1965	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1519	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1966	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1520		1967
		1968	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1969
1521	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1970	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
		1971
		1972	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
		1973	if $self->{on_starttls};
1522		1974
1523	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	1975	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1524	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read	1976	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1525	}	1977	}
1526		1978
1527	=item $handle->stoptls	1979	=item $handle->stoptls
1528		1980
1529	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	1981	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1530	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	1982	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1531	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	1983	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1532	afterwards.	1984	the stream afterwards.
		1985
		1986	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1987	destroyed after it returns).
1533		1988
1534	=cut	1989	=cut
1535		1990
1536	sub stoptls {	1991	sub stoptls {
1537	my ($self) = @_;	1992	my ($self) = @_;
1538		1993
1539	if ($self->{tls}) {	1994	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1540	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	1995	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1541		1996
1542	&_dotls;	1997	&_dotls;
1543		1998
1544	# we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...	1999	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1545	# we, we... have to use openssl :/	2000	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1546	&_freetls;	2001	# &_freetls;#d#
1547	}	2002	}
1548	}	2003	}
1549		2004
1550	sub _freetls {	2005	sub _freetls {
1551	my ($self) = @_;	2006	my ($self) = @_;
1552		2007
1553	return unless $self->{tls};	2008	return unless $self->{tls};
1554		2009
1555	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});	2010	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2011	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1556		2012
1557	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf)};	2013	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1558	}	2014	}
1559		2015
1560	sub DESTROY {	2016	sub DESTROY {
1561	my ($self) = @_;	2017	my ($self) = @_;
1562		2018
1563	&_freetls;	2019	&_freetls;
1564		2020
1565	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2021	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1566		2022
1567	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2023	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1568	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2024	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1569	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2025	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1570		2026
1571	my @linger;	2027	my @linger;
1572		2028
1573	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2029	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1574	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2030	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1575		2031
1576	if ($len > 0) {	2032	if ($len > 0) {
1577	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2033	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1578	} else {	2034	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1579	@linger = (); # end	2035	@linger = (); # end
1580	}	2036	}
1581	});	2037	};
1582	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2038	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1583	@linger = ();	2039	@linger = ();
1584	});	2040	};
1585	}	2041	}
1586	}	2042	}
1587		2043
1588	=item $handle->destroy	2044	=item $handle->destroy
1589		2045
1590	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2046	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1591	no further callbacks will be invoked and resources will be freed as much	2047	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1592	as possible. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2048	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2049	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2050	empty list).
1593		2051
1594	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2052	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1595	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2053	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1596	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2054	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1597	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2055	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
1598	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in	2056	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
1599	that case.	2057	that case.
1600		2058
		2059	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2060	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2061	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2062	reference cycles.
		2063
1601	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining	2064	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
1602	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.	2065	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
1603		2066
1604	=cut	2067	=cut
1605		2068
1606	sub destroy {	2069	sub destroy {
1607	my ($self) = @_;	2070	my ($self) = @_;
1608		2071
1609	$self->DESTROY;	2072	$self->DESTROY;
1610	%$self = ();	2073	%$self = ();
		2074	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1611	}	2075	}
		2076
		2077	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2078	#nop
		2079	}
		2080
		2081	=item $handle->destroyed
		2082
		2083	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2084	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2085
		2086	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2087	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2088	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2089	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2090
		2091	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2092	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2093	$hdl->push_write (...
		2094
		2095	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2096	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2097	handle being destroyed.
		2098
		2099	=cut
		2100
		2101	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2102	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1612		2103
1613	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2104	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1614		2105
1615	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default	2106	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1616	for TLS mode.	2107	for TLS mode.
…		…
1644		2135
1645	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,	2136	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
1646	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<	2137	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
1647	->destroy >> method.	2138	->destroy >> method.
1648		2139
		2140	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2141
		2142	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2143	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2144	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2145
		2146	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2147	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You cna set
		2148	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2149	queue.
		2150
		2151	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2152
		2153	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2154
		2155	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2156	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2157	and handles them, in a loop.
		2158
		2159	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2160	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2161	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2162	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2163	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2164
		2165	To handle this case, always make sure you have a on-empty read queue, by
		2166	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2167
		2168	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2169	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2170	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2171
		2172	... handle request
		2173
		2174	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2175	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2176	});
		2177
		2178	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2179	# now push the first @start_request
		2180	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2181
		2182	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2183	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2184	unexpectedly.
		2185
		2186	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2187	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2188	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cnanot distinguish a protocl
		2189	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2190	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2191	problem).
		2192
		2193	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2194	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2195	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2196
		2197	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2198	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2199	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2200	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2201	and simpler:
		2202
		2203	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2204	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2205	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2206
		2207	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2208	# simply start read the request
		2209
		2210	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2211	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2212
		2213	... handle request
		2214
		2215	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2216	# let the request queue go empty.
		2217	});
		2218	});
		2219
1649	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2220	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1650	reading?	2221	reading?
1651		2222
1652	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2223	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1653	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2224	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1654	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2225	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1655	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2226	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1656		2227
1657	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2228	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1658	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2229	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1659	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2230	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1660		2231
1661	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2232	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1662	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2233	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1672		2243
1673	$handle->on_read (sub { });	2244	$handle->on_read (sub { });
1674	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2245	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1675	$handle->on_error (sub {	2246	$handle->on_error (sub {
1676	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2247	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1677	undef $handle;
1678	});	2248	});
1679		2249
1680	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2250	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1681	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2251	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1682	fact, all data has been received.	2252	fact all data has been received.
1683		2253
1684	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2254	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1685	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2255	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1686	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2256	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1687	explicit QUIT command.	2257	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1698	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2268	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1699	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2269	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
1700	undef $handle;	2270	undef $handle;
1701	});	2271	});
1702		2272
		2273	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2274	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2275
		2276	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2277
		2278	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2279	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2280	parameter:
		2281
		2282	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2283	my ($fh) = @_;
		2284
		2285	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2286	fh => $fh,
		2287	tls => "connect",
		2288	on_error => sub { ... };
		2289
		2290	$handle->push_write (...);
		2291	};
		2292
		2293	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2294
		2295	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2296	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2297	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2298
		2299	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2300
		2301	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2302	my ($fh) = @_;
		2303
		2304	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2305	fh => $fh,
		2306	peername => $host,
		2307	tls => "connect",
		2308	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2309	...
		2310
		2311	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2312	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2313	peername verification will be done.
		2314
		2315	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2316	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2317	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2318
		2319	tls_ctx => {
		2320	verify => 1,
		2321	verify_peername => "https",
		2322	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2323	},
		2324
		2325	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2326
		2327	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2328	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2329	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2330	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2331	nice program for that purpose).
		2332
		2333	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2334	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2335	file should then look like this:
		2336
		2337	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2338	...header data
		2339	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2340	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2341
		2342	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2343	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2344	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2345
		2346	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2347	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2348
		2349	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2350	my ($fh) = @_;
		2351
		2352	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2353	fh => $fh,
		2354	tls => "accept",
		2355	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2356	...
		2357
		2358	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2359	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2360
1703	=back	2361	=back
1704		2362
1705		2363
1706	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2364	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1707		2365
…		…
1726		2384
1727	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2385	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1728	are free to use in subclasses.	2386	are free to use in subclasses.
1729		2387
1730	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2388	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1731	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2389	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1732		2390
1733	=back	2391	=back
1734		2392
1735	=head1 AUTHOR	2393	=head1 AUTHOR
1736		2394

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