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Revision 1.240 by root, Tue Dec 17 16:43:15 2013 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.452;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
		15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
		16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
32	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
33	},
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		93
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	97	that mode.
81		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
		116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
		140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
		146
		147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		148
		149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		150
		151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		156	fatal error instead.
		157
		158	=back
		159
		160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		161
		162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
		163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
		164	connect, or a read error.
		165
		166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
		167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		173
		174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
		185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		189
		190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
		191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		192	C<EPROTO>).
		193
		194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
		195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
		196	C<croak>.
		197
		198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
		199
		200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
		201	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		202	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		203	read buffer).
		204
		205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
		206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		208	the beginning from it.
		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
		213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
		214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
		215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
		216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		217
		218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		219	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		220	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		221	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		222
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	223	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
83		224
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	225	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	226	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86	connection cleanly.	227	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		228	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		229	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
87		230
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	231	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF	232	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	233	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91	down.	234	down.
92		235
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an EOF callback,
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		238
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.
105
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
113	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
114	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
115	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
116
117	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
118	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
119	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
120	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
121
122	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
123	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
124	C<EPROTO>).
125
126	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
127	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
128	C<croak>.
129
130	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
131
132	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
133	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
134	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
135	read buffer).
136
137	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
138	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
139	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
140	the beginning from it.
141
142	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
143	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
144	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
145	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
146
147	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
148		240
149	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
150	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
151		243
152	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
153		245
154	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
155	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
157	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
158	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
159		251
160	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
161		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
162	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
163	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
164	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
165	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
166		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
167	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
168	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
169	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
170	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
171	restart the timeout.	275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
172		276
173	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
174		278
175	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
176		284
177	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
178	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
179	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
180		288
…		…
188	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
189	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
190	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
191	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
192		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
193	=item autocork => <boolean>	316	=item autocork => <boolean>
194		317
195	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
196	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
197	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
198	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
199	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
200	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
201		324
202	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
203	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
204	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
205	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
206		329
207	=item no_delay => <boolean>	330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
211	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
212		335
213	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
214	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
215		338
216	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
217	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
218		373
219	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
220		375
221	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
222	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
223	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
224		388
225	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
226		390
227	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
228	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
229	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
230		394
231	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
232	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
233	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
234	is good in almost all cases.	398	is good in almost all cases.
235		399
236	=item linger => <seconds>	400	=item linger => <seconds>
237		401
238	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
239	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
240	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
241	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
242	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
243		407
…		…
249		413
250	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname	414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
251	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.	415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
252		416
253	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS	417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
254	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>).	418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		420	C<undef>.
255		421
256	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
257		423
258	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
259	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
260	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
261		427
262	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an	428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
263	appropriate error message.	429	appropriate error message.
264		430
265	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
266	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
267	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
268	to add the dependency yourself.	434	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		435	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
269		436
270	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	437	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
271	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	438	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
272	mode.	439	mode.
273		440
…		…
284	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,	451	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
285	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often	452	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
286	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the	453	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
287	segmentation fault.	454	segmentation fault.
288		455
289	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	456	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
290		457
291	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls	458	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
292		459
293	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection	460	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
294	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	461	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
295	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	462	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		463	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
296		464
297	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key	465	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
298	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a	466	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
299	new TLS context object.	467	new TLS context object.
300		468
		469	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		470
		471	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		472	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		473	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		474
		475	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		476	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		477
		478	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		479	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		480
		481	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		482	called as usual.
		483
		484	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		485	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		486	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		487
		488	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		489
		490	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		491	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		492	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		493	on the handle.
		494
		495	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		496	callback.
		497
		498	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		499	underlying handle signals EOF.
		500
301	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	501	=item json => L<JSON>, L<JSON::PP> or L<JSON::XS> object
302		502
303	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	503	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
304		504
305	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	505	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
306	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON	506	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
307	texts.	507	texts.
308		508
		509	=item cbor => L<CBOR::XS> object
		510
		511	This is the cbor coder object used by the C<cbor> read and write types.
		512
		513	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		514	suitable one (on demand), which will write CBOR without using extensions,
		515	if possible. texts.
		516
309	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	517	Note that you are responsible to depend on the L<CBOR::XS> module if you
310	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	518	want to use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency on
		519	it itself.
311		520
312	=back	521	=back
313		522
314	=cut	523	=cut
315		524
316	sub new {	525	sub new {
317	my $class = shift;	526	my $class = shift;
318	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	527	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
319		528
320	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	529	if ($self->{fh}) {
		530	$self->_start;
		531	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		532
		533	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		534	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		535
		536	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		537	unless exists $self->{peername};
		538
		539	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		540
		541	{
		542	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		543
		544	$self->{_connect} =
		545	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		546	$self->{connect}[0],
		547	$self->{connect}[1],
		548	sub {
		549	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		550
		551	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		552
		553	if ($fh) {
		554	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		555
		556	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		557	$self->_start;
		558
		559	$self->{on_connect}
		560	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		561	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		562	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		563	&$retry;
		564	});
		565
		566	} else {
		567	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		568	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		569	$self->destroy if $self;
		570	} else {
		571	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		572	}
		573	}
		574	},
		575	sub {
		576	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		577
		578	$self->{on_prepare}
		579	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		580	: ()
		581	}
		582	);
		583	}
		584
		585	} else {
		586	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		587	}
		588
		589	$self
		590	}
		591
		592	sub _start {
		593	my ($self) = @_;
		594
		595	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		596	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		597	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		598	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		599	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
321		600
322	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	601	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
323		602
		603	$self->{_activity} =
		604	$self->{_ractivity} =
324	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	605	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
325	$self->_timeout;
326		606
		607	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		608	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		609	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		610
		611	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		612	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		613	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		614
327	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	615	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		616	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
328		617
		618	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		619
329	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	620	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
330	if $self->{tls};	621	if $self->{tls};
331		622
332	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	623	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
333		624
334	$self->start_read	625	$self->start_read
335	if $self->{on_read};	626	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
336		627
337	$self->{fh} && $self	628	$self->_drain_wbuf;
338	}
339
340	sub _shutdown {
341	my ($self) = @_;
342
343	delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
344	$self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
345
346	&_freetls;
347	}	629	}
348		630
349	sub _error {	631	sub _error {
350	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;	632	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
351		633
352	$self->_shutdown
353	if $fatal;
354
355	$! = $errno;	634	$! = $errno;
356	$message ||= "$!";	635	$message ||= "$!";
357		636
358	if ($self->{on_error}) {	637	if ($self->{on_error}) {
359	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);	638	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
360	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	639	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		640	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		641	$self->destroy;
361	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";	642	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
362	}	643	}
363	}	644	}
364		645
365	=item $fh = $handle->fh	646	=item $fh = $handle->fh
…		…
390	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	671	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
391	}	672	}
392		673
393	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	674	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
394		675
395	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	676	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
396	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
397	argument and method.
398		677
399	=cut	678	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
400		679
401	sub on_timeout {	680	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
402	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	681	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
403	}	682	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		683
		684	=cut
		685
		686	# see below
404		687
405	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	688	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
406		689
407	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	690	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
408	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	691	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
421	=cut	704	=cut
422		705
423	sub no_delay {	706	sub no_delay {
424	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	707	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
425		708
		709	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		710	if $_[0]{fh};
		711	}
		712
		713	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		714
		715	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		716	the same name for details).
		717
		718	=cut
		719
		720	sub keepalive {
		721	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		722
426	eval {	723	eval {
427	local $SIG{__DIE__};	724	local $SIG{__DIE__};
428	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	725	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		726	if $_[0]{fh};
429	};	727	};
430	}	728	}
431		729
		730	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		731
		732	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		733	the same name for details).
		734
		735	=cut
		736
		737	sub oobinline {
		738	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		739
		740	eval {
		741	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		742	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		743	if $_[0]{fh};
		744	};
		745	}
		746
		747	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		748
		749	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		750	the same name for details).
		751
		752	=cut
		753
		754	sub keepalive {
		755	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		756
		757	eval {
		758	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		759	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		760	if $_[0]{fh};
		761	};
		762	}
		763
		764	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		765
		766	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		767
		768	=cut
		769
		770	sub on_starttls {
		771	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		772	}
		773
		774	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		775
		776	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		777
		778	=cut
		779
		780	sub on_stoptls {
		781	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		782	}
		783
		784	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		785
		786	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		787
		788	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		789
		790	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		791
		792	=cut
		793
		794	sub rbuf_max {
		795	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		796	}
		797
		798	sub wbuf_max {
		799	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		800	}
		801
432	#############################################################################	802	#############################################################################
433		803
434	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	804	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
435		805
		806	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		807
		808	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		809
436	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	810	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
437		811
438	=cut	812	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		813	handle before it returns.
439		814
440	sub timeout {	815	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		816
		817	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		818
		819	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		820
		821	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		822
		823	These methods are cheap to call.
		824
		825	=cut
		826
		827	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		828	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		829	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		830	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		831	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		832	my $cb;
		833
		834	*$on_timeout = sub {
		835	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		836	};
		837
		838	*$timeout = sub {
441	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	839	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
442		840
		841	$new_value >= 0
		842	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		843
443	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	844	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
444	$self->_timeout;	845	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
445	}	846	};
446		847
		848	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		849	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		850	};
		851
		852	# main workhorse:
447	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	853	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
448	# also check for time-outs	854	# also check for time-outs
449	sub _timeout {	855	$cb = sub {
450	my ($self) = @_;	856	my ($self) = @_;
451		857
452	if ($self->{timeout}) {	858	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
453	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	859	my $NOW = AE::now;
454		860
455	# when would the timeout trigger?	861	# when would the timeout trigger?
456	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	862	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
457		863
458	# now or in the past already?	864	# now or in the past already?
459	if ($after <= 0) {	865	if ($after <= 0) {
460	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	866	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
461		867
462	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	868	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
463	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	869	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
464	} else {	870	} else {
465	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	871	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		872	}
		873
		874	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		875	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		876
		877	# calculate new after
		878	$after = $self->{$timeout};
466	}	879	}
467		880
468	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	881	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
469	return unless $self->{timeout};	882	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
470		883
471	# calculate new after	884	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
472	$after = $self->{timeout};	885	delete $self->{$tw};
		886	$cb->($self);
		887	};
		888	} else {
		889	delete $self->{$tw};
473	}	890	}
474
475	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
476	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
477
478	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
479	delete $self->{_tw};
480	$self->_timeout;
481	});
482	} else {
483	delete $self->{_tw};
484	}	891	}
485	}	892	}
486		893
487	#############################################################################	894	#############################################################################
488		895
…		…
495		902
496	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	903	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
497	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	904	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
498		905
499	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	906	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
500	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	907	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
501		908
502	=over 4	909	=over 4
503		910
504	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	911	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
505		912
506	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	913	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
507	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	914	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
508		915
		916	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		917	destroyed after it returns).
		918
509	=cut	919	=cut
510		920
511	sub on_drain {	921	sub on_drain {
512	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	922	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
513		923
…		…
517	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});	927	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
518	}	928	}
519		929
520	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	930	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
521		931
522	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	932	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
523	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	933	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
524	buffers it independently of the kernel.	934	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		935
		936	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		937	destroyed after it returns).
525		938
526	=cut	939	=cut
527		940
528	sub _drain_wbuf {	941	sub _drain_wbuf {
529	my ($self) = @_;	942	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
533	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	946	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
534		947
535	my $cb = sub {	948	my $cb = sub {
536	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	949	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
537		950
538	if ($len >= 0) {	951	if (defined $len) {
539	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	952	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
540		953
541	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	954	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
542		955
543	$self->{on_drain}($self)	956	$self->{on_drain}($self)
544	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	957	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
545	&& $self->{on_drain};	958	&& $self->{on_drain};
546		959
…		…
552		965
553	# try to write data immediately	966	# try to write data immediately
554	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	967	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
555		968
556	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	969	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
557	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	970	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
558	if length $self->{wbuf};	971	if length $self->{wbuf};
		972
		973	if (
		974	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		975	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		976	) {
		977	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		978	}
559	};	979	};
560	}	980	}
561		981
562	our %WH;	982	our %WH;
563		983
		984	# deprecated
564	sub register_write_type($$) {	985	sub register_write_type($$) {
565	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	986	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
566	}	987	}
567		988
568	sub push_write {	989	sub push_write {
569	my $self = shift;	990	my $self = shift;
570		991
571	if (@_ > 1) {	992	if (@_ > 1) {
572	my $type = shift;	993	my $type = shift;
573		994
		995	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
574	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	996	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
575	->($self, @_);	997	->($self, @_);
576	}	998	}
577		999
		1000	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		1001	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		1002
578	if ($self->{tls}) {	1003	if ($self->{tls}) {
579	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	1004	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
580		1005	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
581	&_dotls ($self);
582	} else {	1006	} else {
583	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	1007	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
584	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1008	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
585	}	1009	}
586	}	1010	}
587		1011
588	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1012	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
589		1013
590	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1014	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
591	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1015	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1016	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1017	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1018	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
592		1019
593	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1020	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
594	drop by and tell us):	1021	drop by and tell us):
595		1022
596	=over 4	1023	=over 4
…		…
635		1062
636	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While	1063	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
637	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be	1064	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
638	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.	1065	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
639		1066
640	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send	1067	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with other languages is
641	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as	1068	to send JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better
642	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each	1069	choice as they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline
643	JSON text:	1070	after each JSON text:
644		1071
645	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever	1072	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
646	$handle->push_write ("\012");	1073	$handle->push_write ("\012");
647		1074
648	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and	1075	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
…		…
651	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });	1078	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
652		1079
653	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1080	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
654	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1081	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
655		1082
		1083	=item cbor => $perl_scalar
		1084
		1085	Encodes the given scalar into a CBOR value. Unless you provide your own
		1086	L<CBOR::XS> object, this means it will be encoded to a CBOR string not
		1087	using any extensions, if possible.
		1088
		1089	CBOR values are self-delimiting, so you can write CBOR at one end of
		1090	a handle and read them at the other end without using any additional
		1091	framing.
		1092
		1093	A simple nd very very fast RPC protocol that interoperates with
		1094	other languages is to send CBOR and receive CBOR values (arrays are
		1095	recommended):
		1096
		1097	$handle->push_write (cbor => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		1098
		1099	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<cbor> read type:
		1100
		1101	$handle->push_read (cbor => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1102
656	=cut	1103	=cut
		1104
		1105	sub json_coder() {
		1106	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1107	|| do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP->new->utf8 }
		1108	}
657		1109
658	register_write_type json => sub {	1110	register_write_type json => sub {
659	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1111	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
660		1112
661	require JSON;	1113	($self->{json} ||= json_coder)
		1114	->encode ($ref)
		1115	};
662		1116
663	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1117	sub cbor_coder() {
664	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	1118	require CBOR::XS;
		1119	CBOR::XS->new
		1120	}
		1121
		1122	register_write_type cbor => sub {
		1123	my ($self, $scalar) = @_;
		1124
		1125	($self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder)
		1126	->encode ($scalar)
665	};	1127	};
666		1128
667	=item storable => $reference	1129	=item storable => $reference
668		1130
669	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1131	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
672	=cut	1134	=cut
673		1135
674	register_write_type storable => sub {	1136	register_write_type storable => sub {
675	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1137	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
676		1138
677	require Storable;	1139	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
678		1140
679	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1141	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
680	};	1142	};
681		1143
682	=back	1144	=back
683		1145
684	=item $handle->push_shutdown	1146	=item $handle->push_shutdown
685		1147
686	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data	1148	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
687	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your	1149	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
688	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket. This method	1150	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
689	is a shorthand for just that, and replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:	1151	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1152	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
690		1153
691	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown	1154	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
692		1155
693	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the	1156	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
694	the peer.	1157	the peer.
695		1158
696	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling	1159	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
697	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.	1160	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
698		1161
		1162	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1163	destroyed after it returns).
		1164
699	=cut	1165	=cut
700		1166
701	sub push_shutdown {	1167	sub push_shutdown {
		1168	my ($self) = @_;
		1169
		1170	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
702	$_[0]->{on_drain} = sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 };	1171	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
703	}	1172	}
704		1173
705	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1174	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
706		1175
707	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1176	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1177	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1178	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1179	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1180	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1181
708	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1182	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
709	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1183	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
710		1184
711	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1185	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
712	be appended to the write buffer.	1186	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1187	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
713		1188
714	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1189	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
715	global, so try to use unique names.	1190	arguments using the first one.
		1191
		1192	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1193
		1194	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1195	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1196	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1197
		1198	package My::Type;
		1199
		1200	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1201	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1202
		1203	join $delim, @args
		1204	}
716		1205
717	=cut	1206	=cut
718		1207
719	#############################################################################	1208	#############################################################################
720		1209
…		…
729	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1218	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
730	a queue.	1219	a queue.
731		1220
732	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1221	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
733	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1222	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
734	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1223	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
735	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1224	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
736	partial message has been received so far).	1225	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1226	e.g. C<push_read>.
737		1227
738	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1228	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
739	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1229	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
740	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1230	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
741	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1231	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
742		1232
743	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1233	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
744	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1234	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
745		1235
…		…
802	=cut	1292	=cut
803		1293
804	sub _drain_rbuf {	1294	sub _drain_rbuf {
805	my ($self) = @_;	1295	my ($self) = @_;
806		1296
		1297	# avoid recursion
		1298	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
807	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1299	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
808
809	if (
810	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
811	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
812	) {
813	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
814	}
815		1300
816	while () {	1301	while () {
817	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while	1302	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
818	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.	1303	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
819	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};	1304	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1305	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
820		1306
821	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1307	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
822		1308
823	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1309	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
824	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1310	unless ($cb->($self)) {
825	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1311	# no progress can be made
826	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1312	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
827	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1313	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
828	}	1314	if $self->{_eof};
829		1315
830	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1316	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
831	last;	1317	last;
832	}	1318	}
833	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1319	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
840	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1326	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
841	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1327	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
842	) {	1328	) {
843	# no further data will arrive	1329	# no further data will arrive
844	# so no progress can be made	1330	# so no progress can be made
845	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1331	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
846	if $self->{_eof};	1332	if $self->{_eof};
847		1333
848	last; # more data might arrive	1334	last; # more data might arrive
849	}	1335	}
850	} else {	1336	} else {
…		…
853	last;	1339	last;
854	}	1340	}
855	}	1341	}
856		1342
857	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1343	if ($self->{_eof}) {
858	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1344	$self->{on_eof}
859	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1345	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
860	} else {	1346	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
861	$self->_error (0, 1);	1347
862	}	1348	return;
		1349	}
		1350
		1351	if (
		1352	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1353	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1354	) {
		1355	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
863	}	1356	}
864		1357
865	# may need to restart read watcher	1358	# may need to restart read watcher
866	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1359	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
867	$self->start_read	1360	$self->start_read
…		…
873		1366
874	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1367	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
875	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1368	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
876	constructor.	1369	constructor.
877		1370
		1371	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1372	destroyed after it returns).
		1373
878	=cut	1374	=cut
879		1375
880	sub on_read {	1376	sub on_read {
881	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1377	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
882		1378
883	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1379	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
884	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1380	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
885	}	1381	}
886		1382
887	=item $handle->rbuf	1383	=item $handle->rbuf
888		1384
889	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1385	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1386	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1387	much faster, and no less clean).
890		1388
891	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>	1389	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
892	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the	1390	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
893	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its	1391	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
894	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
895	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
896		1392
897	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1393	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
898	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1394	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
899	automatically manage the read buffer.	1395	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1396	will manage the read buffer on their own.
900		1397
901	=cut	1398	=cut
902		1399
903	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1400	sub rbuf : lvalue {
904	$_[0]{rbuf}	1401	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
921		1418
922	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1419	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
923	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1420	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
924	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1421	true, it will be removed from the queue.
925		1422
		1423	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1424	destroyed after it returns).
		1425
926	=cut	1426	=cut
927		1427
928	our %RH;	1428	our %RH;
929		1429
930	sub register_read_type($$) {	1430	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
936	my $cb = pop;	1436	my $cb = pop;
937		1437
938	if (@_) {	1438	if (@_) {
939	my $type = shift;	1439	my $type = shift;
940		1440
		1441	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
941	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1442	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
942	->($self, $cb, @_);	1443	->($self, $cb, @_);
943	}	1444	}
944		1445
945	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1446	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
946	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1447	$self->_drain_rbuf;
947	}	1448	}
948		1449
949	sub unshift_read {	1450	sub unshift_read {
950	my $self = shift;	1451	my $self = shift;
951	my $cb = pop;	1452	my $cb = pop;
952		1453
953	if (@_) {	1454	if (@_) {
954	my $type = shift;	1455	my $type = shift;
955		1456
		1457	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
956	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1458	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
957	->($self, $cb, @_);	1459	->($self, $cb, @_);
958	}	1460	}
959		1461
960
961	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1462	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
962	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1463	$self->_drain_rbuf;
963	}	1464	}
964		1465
965	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1466	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
966		1467
967	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1468	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
968		1469
969	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1470	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
970	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1471	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
971	etc.	1472	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1473	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1474	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
972		1475
973	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1476	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
974	drop by and tell us):	1477	drop by and tell us):
975		1478
976	=over 4	1479	=over 4
…		…
982	data.	1485	data.
983		1486
984	Example: read 2 bytes.	1487	Example: read 2 bytes.
985		1488
986	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1489	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
987	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1490	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
988	});	1491	});
989		1492
990	=cut	1493	=cut
991		1494
992	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1495	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
1022		1525
1023	register_read_type line => sub {	1526	register_read_type line => sub {
1024	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1527	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
1025		1528
1026	if (@_ < 3) {	1529	if (@_ < 3) {
1027	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1530	# this is faster then the generic code below
1028	sub {	1531	sub {
1029	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1532	(my $pos = index $_[0]{rbuf}, "\012") >= 0
		1533	or return;
1030		1534
		1535	(my $str = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $pos + 1, "") =~ s/(\015?\012)\Z// or die;
1031	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1536	$cb->($_[0], $str, "$1");
1032	1	1537	1
1033	}	1538	}
1034	} else {	1539	} else {
1035	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1540	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
1036	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1541	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
1037		1542
1038	sub {	1543	sub {
1039	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1544	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
1040		1545
1041	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1546	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
1042	1	1547	1
1043	}	1548	}
1044	}	1549	}
1045	};	1550	};
1046		1551
…		…
1068	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1573	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1069	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1574	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1070	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1575	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1071	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1576	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1072	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1577	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1073	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1578	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1074		1579
1075	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1580	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1076	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1581	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1077	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1582	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1078	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1583	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1079	required for the accept regex.	1584	required for the accept regex.
1080		1585
1081	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1586	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1094		1599
1095	sub {	1600	sub {
1096	# accept	1601	# accept
1097	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1602	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1098	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1603	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1099	$cb->($self, $data);	1604	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1100	return 1;	1605	return 1;
1101	}	1606	}
1102		1607
1103	# reject	1608	# reject
1104	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1609	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1105	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1610	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1106	}	1611	}
1107		1612
1108	# skip	1613	# skip
1109	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1614	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1110	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1615	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1126	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1631	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1127		1632
1128	sub {	1633	sub {
1129	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1634	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1130	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1635	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1131	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1636	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1132	}	1637	}
1133	return;	1638	return;
1134	}	1639	}
1135		1640
1136	my $len = $1;	1641	my $len = $1;
1137		1642
1138	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1643	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1139	my $string = $_[1];	1644	my $string = $_[1];
1140	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1645	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1141	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1646	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1142	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1647	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1143	} else {	1648	} else {
1144	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1649	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1145	}	1650	}
1146	});	1651	});
1147	});	1652	});
1148		1653
1149	1	1654	1
…		…
1199	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1704	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1200		1705
1201	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the	1706	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
1202	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.	1707	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1203		1708
1204	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1709	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
1205	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1710	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a L<JSON::XS> or
		1711	L<JSON::PP> coder object expecting UTF-8.
1206		1712
1207	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1713	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
1208	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a	1714	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above.
1209	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
1210	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
1211		1715
1212	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write	1716	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
1213	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See	1717	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
1214	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1718	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1215		1719
1216	=cut	1720	=cut
1217		1721
1218	register_read_type json => sub {	1722	register_read_type json => sub {
1219	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1723	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1220		1724
1221	my $json = $self->{json} ||=	1725	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1222	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
1223	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1224		1726
1225	my $data;	1727	my $data;
1226	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1227		1728
1228	sub {	1729	sub {
1229	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };	1730	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1230		1731
1231	if ($ref) {	1732	if ($ref) {
1232	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1733	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1233	$json->incr_text = "";	1734	$json->incr_text = "";
1234	$cb->($self, $ref);	1735	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1235		1736
1236	1	1737	1
1237	} elsif ($@) {	1738	} elsif ($@) {
1238	# error case	1739	# error case
1239	$json->incr_skip;	1740	$json->incr_skip;
1240		1741
1241	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1742	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1242	$json->incr_text = "";	1743	$json->incr_text = "";
1243		1744
1244	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1745	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1245		1746
1246	()	1747	()
1247	} else {	1748	} else {
1248	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1749	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
1249		1750
		1751	()
		1752	}
		1753	}
		1754	};
		1755
		1756	=item cbor => $cb->($handle, $scalar)
		1757
		1758	Reads a CBOR value, decodes it and passes it to the callback. When a parse
		1759	error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1760
		1761	If a L<CBOR::XS> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
		1762	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a CBOR coder without
		1763	enabling any options.
		1764
		1765	You have to provide a dependency to L<CBOR::XS> on your own: this module
		1766	will load the L<CBOR::XS> module, but AnyEvent does not depend on it
		1767	itself.
		1768
		1769	Since CBOR values are fully self-delimiting, the C<cbor> read and write
		1770	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange CBOR datagrams. See
		1771	the C<cbor> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1772
		1773	=cut
		1774
		1775	register_read_type cbor => sub {
		1776	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1777
		1778	my $cbor = $self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder;
		1779
		1780	my $data;
		1781
		1782	sub {
		1783	my (@value) = eval { $cbor->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
		1784
		1785	if (@value) {
		1786	$cb->($_[0], @value);
		1787
		1788	1
		1789	} elsif ($@) {
		1790	# error case
		1791	$cbor->incr_reset;
		1792
		1793	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1794
		1795	()
		1796	} else {
1250	()	1797	()
1251	}	1798	}
1252	}	1799	}
1253	};	1800	};
1254		1801
…		…
1263	=cut	1810	=cut
1264		1811
1265	register_read_type storable => sub {	1812	register_read_type storable => sub {
1266	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1813	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1267		1814
1268	require Storable;	1815	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1269		1816
1270	sub {	1817	sub {
1271	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1818	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1272	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1819	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1273	or return;	1820	or return;
…		…
1276		1823
1277	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1824	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1278	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1825	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1279	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1826	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1280	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1827	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1828
1281	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1829	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1830	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1282	} else {	1831	} else {
1283	# remove prefix	1832	# remove prefix
1284	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1833	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1285		1834
1286	# read remaining chunk	1835	# read remaining chunk
1287	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1836	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1288	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1837	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1289	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1290	} else {
1291	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1838	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1292	}
1293	});	1839	});
1294	}	1840	}
1295		1841
1296	1	1842	1
1297	}	1843	}
1298	};	1844	};
1299		1845
		1846	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1847
		1848	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1849	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1850	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1851	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1852
		1853	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1854	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1855	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1856	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1857	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1858	C<$detect>.
		1859
		1860	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1861	TLS negotiation.
		1862
		1863	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1864	handlers.
		1865
		1866	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1867
		1868	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1869	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1870	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1871	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1872	accomodate protocol changes.
		1873
		1874	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1875	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1876
		1877	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1878
		1879	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1880	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1881
		1882	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1883	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1884	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1885
		1886	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1887
		1888	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1889	line.
		1890
		1891	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1892	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1893	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1894	});
		1895
		1896	=cut
		1897
		1898	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1899	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1900
		1901	sub {
		1902	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1903	if (
		1904	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1905	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1906	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1907	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1908	) {
		1909	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1910
		1911	# full match, valid TLS record
		1912	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1913	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1914	} else {
		1915	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1916	$cb->($self, undef);
		1917	}
		1918
		1919	1
		1920	}
		1921	};
		1922
		1923	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1924	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1925
		1926	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1927	return unless $_[1];
		1928	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1929	})
		1930	};
		1931
1300	=back	1932	=back
1301		1933
1302	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1934	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1303		1935
1304	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1936	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1937	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1938	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1939	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1940	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1305		1941
1306	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1942	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1307	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1943	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1308	arguments.
1309		1944
1310	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1945	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1311	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1946	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1947	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1948	converter.
1312		1949
1313	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1950	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1314	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1951	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1952	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1315		1953
1316	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1317	global, so try to use unique names.
1318
1319	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1954	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1320	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1955	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1321		1956
1322	=item $handle->stop_read	1957	=item $handle->stop_read
1323		1958
1324	=item $handle->start_read	1959	=item $handle->start_read
1325		1960
…		…
1331	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1966	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1332	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1967	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1333	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1968	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1334	there are any read requests in the queue.	1969	there are any read requests in the queue.
1335		1970
1336	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support	1971	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
1337	half-duplex connections).	1972	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1973	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1974	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1975	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1976	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1977	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1978	during a rehandshake.
		1979
		1980	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1981	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
1338		1982
1339	=cut	1983	=cut
1340		1984
1341	sub stop_read {	1985	sub stop_read {
1342	my ($self) = @_;	1986	my ($self) = @_;
1343		1987
1344	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};	1988	delete $self->{_rw};
1345	}	1989	}
1346		1990
1347	sub start_read {	1991	sub start_read {
1348	my ($self) = @_;	1992	my ($self) = @_;
1349		1993
1350	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1994	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1351	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1995	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1352		1996
1353	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1997	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1354	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	1998	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1355	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1999	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1356		2000
1357	if ($len > 0) {	2001	if ($len > 0) {
1358	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	2002	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1359		2003
1360	if ($self->{tls}) {	2004	if ($self->{tls}) {
1361	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	2005	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1362		2006
1363	&_dotls ($self);	2007	&_dotls ($self);
1364	} else {	2008	} else {
1365	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2009	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2010	}
		2011
		2012	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		2013	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		2014	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		2015	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
1366	}	2016	}
1367		2017
1368	} elsif (defined $len) {	2018	} elsif (defined $len) {
1369	delete $self->{_rw};	2019	delete $self->{_rw};
1370	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2020	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1371	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2021	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1372		2022
1373	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	2023	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1374	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	2024	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1375	}	2025	}
1376	});	2026	};
1377	}	2027	}
1378	}	2028	}
1379		2029
1380	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;	2030	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
1381	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;	2031	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
1382	our $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1383		2032
1384	sub _tls_error {	2033	sub _tls_error {
1385	my ($self, $err) = @_;	2034	my ($self, $err) = @_;
1386		2035
1387	return $self->_error ($!, 1)	2036	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
1388	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	2037	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1389		2038
1390	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());	2039	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
1391		2040
1392	# reduce error string to look less scary	2041	# reduce error string to look less scary
1393	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;	2042	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
1394		2043
		2044	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		2045	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		2046	&_freetls;
		2047	} else {
		2048	&_freetls;
1395	$self->_error (&Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);	2049	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		2050	}
1396	}	2051	}
1397		2052
1398	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable	2053	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
1399	# also decode read data if possible	2054	# also decode read data if possible
1400	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine	2055	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
…		…
1403	sub _dotls {	2058	sub _dotls {
1404	my ($self) = @_;	2059	my ($self) = @_;
1405		2060
1406	my $tmp;	2061	my $tmp;
1407		2062
1408	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	2063	while (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1409	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	2064	if (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) <= 0) {
1410	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";	2065	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		2066
		2067	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2068	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2069	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2070
		2071	last;
1411	}	2072	}
1412		2073
1413	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);	2074	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1414	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1415	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1416	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!)
1417	&& $tmp != $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1418	}	2075	}
1419		2076
1420	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2077	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1421	unless (length $tmp) {	2078	unless (length $tmp) {
1422	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF	2079	$self->{_on_starttls}
1423	delete $self->{_rw};	2080	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
1424	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1425	&_freetls;	2081	&_freetls;
		2082
		2083	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		2084	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		2085	return;
		2086	} else {
		2087	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		2088	delete $self->{_rw};
		2089	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		2090	}
1426	}	2091	}
1427		2092
1428	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;	2093	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1429	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2094	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1430	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	2095	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1431	}	2096	}
1432		2097
1433	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	2098	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); # -1 is not neccessarily correct, but Net::SSLeay doesn't tell us
1434	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)	2099	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1435	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ	2100	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1436	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!)	2101	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1437	&& $tmp != $ERROR_ZERO_RETURN;
1438		2102
1439	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2103	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1440	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	2104	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1441	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2105	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2106	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1442	}	2107	}
		2108
		2109	$self->{_on_starttls}
		2110	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
		2111	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1443	}	2112	}
1444		2113
1445	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2114	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1446		2115
1447	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2116	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1448	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2117	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1449	C<starttls>.	2118	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2119
		2120	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2121	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2122	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2123	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2124	data when calling this method.
1450		2125
1451	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2126	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1452	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2127	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1453		2128
1454	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used	2129	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
…		…
1459	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS	2134	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1460	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or	2135	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1461	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started	2136	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
1462	when this function returns.	2137	when this function returns.
1463		2138
1464	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	2139	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1465	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	2140	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2141	stream after stopping TLS.
		2142
		2143	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2144	destroyed after it returns).
1466		2145
1467	=cut	2146	=cut
1468		2147
1469	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?	2148	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1470		2149
1471	sub starttls {	2150	sub starttls {
1472	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2151	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1473		2152
1474	require Net::SSLeay;	2153	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
1475
1476	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1477	if $self->{tls};	2154	if $self->{tls};
1478		2155
		2156	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
		2157	eval {
		2158	require Net::SSLeay;
		2159	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2160	1
		2161	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2162	}
		2163
		2164	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2165	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2166
		2167	return unless $self->{fh};
		2168
1479	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	2169	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1480	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();	2170	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1481	$ERROR_ZERO_RETURN = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_ZERO_RETURN ();
1482		2171
		2172	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
1483	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};	2173	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2174
		2175	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
1484		2176
1485	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {	2177	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
1486	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1487
1488	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
1489
1490	if ($ctx->{cache}) {	2178	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
1491	my $key = $ctx+0;	2179	my $key = $ctx+0;
1492	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2180	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1493	} else {	2181	} else {
1494	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2182	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1495	}	2183	}
1496	}	2184	}
1497		2185
1498	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();	2186	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1499	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});	2187	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1500		2188
1501	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2189	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1502	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2190	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1503	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2191	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1504	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2192	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1511	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	2199	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1512	# have identity issues in that area.	2200	# have identity issues in that area.
1513	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,	2201	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1514	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2202	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1515	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2203	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1516	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);	2204	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1517		2205
1518	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2206	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1519	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2207	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1520		2208
		2209	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2210	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2211
1521	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2212	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
		2213
		2214	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
		2215	if $self->{on_starttls};
1522		2216
1523	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	2217	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1524	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read	2218	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1525	}	2219	}
1526		2220
1527	=item $handle->stoptls	2221	=item $handle->stoptls
1528		2222
1529	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	2223	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1530	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	2224	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1531	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	2225	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1532	afterwards.	2226	the stream afterwards.
		2227
		2228	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2229	destroyed after it returns).
1533		2230
1534	=cut	2231	=cut
1535		2232
1536	sub stoptls {	2233	sub stoptls {
1537	my ($self) = @_;	2234	my ($self) = @_;
1538		2235
1539	if ($self->{tls}) {	2236	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1540	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	2237	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1541		2238
1542	&_dotls;	2239	&_dotls;
1543		2240
1544	# we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...	2241	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1545	# we, we... have to use openssl :/	2242	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1546	&_freetls;	2243	# &_freetls;#d#
1547	}	2244	}
1548	}	2245	}
1549		2246
1550	sub _freetls {	2247	sub _freetls {
1551	my ($self) = @_;	2248	my ($self) = @_;
1552		2249
1553	return unless $self->{tls};	2250	return unless $self->{tls};
1554		2251
1555	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});	2252	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2253	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1556		2254
1557	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf)};	2255	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1558	}	2256	}
		2257
		2258	=item $handle->resettls
		2259
		2260	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2261	causing data loss.
		2262
		2263	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2264	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2265	no concern.
		2266
		2267	=cut
		2268
		2269	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1559		2270
1560	sub DESTROY {	2271	sub DESTROY {
1561	my ($self) = @_;	2272	my ($self) = @_;
1562		2273
1563	&_freetls;	2274	&_freetls;
1564		2275
1565	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2276	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1566		2277
1567	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2278	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1568	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2279	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1569	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2280	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1570		2281
1571	my @linger;	2282	my @linger;
1572		2283
1573	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2284	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1574	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2285	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1575		2286
1576	if ($len > 0) {	2287	if ($len > 0) {
1577	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2288	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1578	} else {	2289	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1579	@linger = (); # end	2290	@linger = (); # end
1580	}	2291	}
1581	});	2292	};
1582	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2293	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1583	@linger = ();	2294	@linger = ();
1584	});	2295	};
1585	}	2296	}
1586	}	2297	}
1587		2298
1588	=item $handle->destroy	2299	=item $handle->destroy
1589		2300
1590	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2301	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1591	no further callbacks will be invoked and resources will be freed as much	2302	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1592	as possible. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2303	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2304	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2305	empty list).
1593		2306
1594	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2307	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1595	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2308	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1596	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2309	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1597	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2310	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
1598	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in	2311	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
1599	that case.	2312	that case.
1600		2313
		2314	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2315	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2316	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2317	reference cycles.
		2318
1601	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining	2319	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
1602	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.	2320	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
1603		2321
1604	=cut	2322	=cut
1605		2323
1606	sub destroy {	2324	sub destroy {
1607	my ($self) = @_;	2325	my ($self) = @_;
1608		2326
1609	$self->DESTROY;	2327	$self->DESTROY;
1610	%$self = ();	2328	%$self = ();
		2329	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1611	}	2330	}
		2331
		2332	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2333	#nop
		2334	}
		2335
		2336	=item $handle->destroyed
		2337
		2338	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2339	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2340
		2341	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2342	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2343	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2344	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2345
		2346	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2347	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2348	$hdl->push_write (...
		2349
		2350	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2351	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2352	handle being destroyed.
		2353
		2354	=cut
		2355
		2356	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2357	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1612		2358
1613	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2359	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1614		2360
1615	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default	2361	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1616	for TLS mode.	2362	for TLS mode.
…		…
1644		2390
1645	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,	2391	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
1646	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<	2392	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
1647	->destroy >> method.	2393	->destroy >> method.
1648		2394
		2395	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2396
		2397	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2398	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2399	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2400
		2401	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2402	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2403	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2404	queue.
		2405
		2406	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2407
		2408	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2409
		2410	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2411	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2412	and handles them, in a loop.
		2413
		2414	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2415	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2416	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2417	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2418	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2419
		2420	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2421	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2422
		2423	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2424	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2425	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2426
		2427	... handle request
		2428
		2429	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2430	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2431	});
		2432
		2433	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2434	# now push the first @start_request
		2435	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2436
		2437	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2438	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2439	unexpectedly.
		2440
		2441	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2442	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2443	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2444	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2445	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2446	problem).
		2447
		2448	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2449	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2450	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2451
		2452	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2453	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2454	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2455	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2456	and simpler:
		2457
		2458	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2459	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2460	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2461
		2462	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2463	# simply start read the request
		2464
		2465	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2466	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2467
		2468	... handle request
		2469
		2470	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2471	# let the request queue go empty.
		2472	});
		2473	});
		2474
1649	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2475	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1650	reading?	2476	reading?
1651		2477
1652	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2478	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1653	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2479	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1654	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2480	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1655	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2481	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1656		2482
1657	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2483	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1658	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2484	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1659	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2485	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1660		2486
1661	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2487	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1662	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2488	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1672		2498
1673	$handle->on_read (sub { });	2499	$handle->on_read (sub { });
1674	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2500	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1675	$handle->on_error (sub {	2501	$handle->on_error (sub {
1676	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2502	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1677	undef $handle;
1678	});	2503	});
		2504
		2505	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2506	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2507	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
1679		2508
1680	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2509	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1681	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2510	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1682	fact, all data has been received.	2511	fact all data has been received.
1683		2512
1684	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2513	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1685	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2514	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1686	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2515	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1687	explicit QUIT command.	2516	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1694	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been	2523	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
1695	written to the socket:	2524	written to the socket:
1696		2525
1697	$handle->push_write (...);	2526	$handle->push_write (...);
1698	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2527	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1699	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2528	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
1700	undef $handle;	2529	undef $handle;
1701	});	2530	});
1702		2531
		2532	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2533	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2534
		2535	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2536
		2537	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2538	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2539	parameter:
		2540
		2541	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2542	my ($fh) = @_;
		2543
		2544	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2545	fh => $fh,
		2546	tls => "connect",
		2547	on_error => sub { ... };
		2548
		2549	$handle->push_write (...);
		2550	};
		2551
		2552	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2553
		2554	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2555	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2556	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2557
		2558	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2559
		2560	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2561	my ($fh) = @_;
		2562
		2563	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2564	fh => $fh,
		2565	peername => $host,
		2566	tls => "connect",
		2567	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2568	...
		2569
		2570	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2571	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2572	peername verification will be done.
		2573
		2574	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2575	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2576	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2577
		2578	tls_ctx => {
		2579	verify => 1,
		2580	verify_peername => "https",
		2581	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2582	},
		2583
		2584	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2585
		2586	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2587	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2588	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2589	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2590	nice program for that purpose).
		2591
		2592	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2593	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2594	file should then look like this:
		2595
		2596	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2597	...header data
		2598	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2599	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2600
		2601	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2602	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2603	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2604
		2605	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2606	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2607
		2608	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2609	my ($fh) = @_;
		2610
		2611	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2612	fh => $fh,
		2613	tls => "accept",
		2614	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2615	...
		2616
		2617	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2618	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2619
1703	=back	2620	=back
1704
1705		2621
1706	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2622	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1707		2623
1708	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2624	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1709		2625
…		…
1726		2642
1727	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2643	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1728	are free to use in subclasses.	2644	are free to use in subclasses.
1729		2645
1730	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2646	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1731	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2647	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1732		2648
1733	=back	2649	=back
1734		2650
1735	=head1 AUTHOR	2651	=head1 AUTHOR
1736		2652
1737	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2653	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1738		2654
1739	=cut	2655	=cut
1740		2656
1741	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2657	1
		2658

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