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Revision 1.236 by root, Sat May 12 23:14:29 2012 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.83;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
…		…
27		11
28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
30	on_error => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
31	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
32	warn "got error $msg\n";	16	AE::log error => $msg;
33	$hdl->destroy;	17	$hdl->destroy;
34	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
35	);	19	};
36		20
37	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
38	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
39		23
40	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
41	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
42	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
43	warn "got line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
44	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
45	});	29	});
46		30
47	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
48		32
49	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
50		34
51	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
52	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
53	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
54		37
55	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
56	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
57		40
58	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
59	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
60	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
61		47
62	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
63	argument.	49	argument.
64		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
65	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
66		83
67	=over 4	84	=over 4
68		85
69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
70		87
71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
72		89
73	=over 4	90	=over 4
74		91
75	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
76		93
77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
78
79	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
80	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
81	that mode.	97	that mode.
		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
		116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
		140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
		146
		147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		148
		149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		150
		151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		156	fatal error instead.
		157
		158	=back
		159
		160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		161
		162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
		163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
		164	connect, or a read error.
		165
		166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
		167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		173
		174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
		185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		189
		190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
		191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		192	C<EPROTO>).
		193
		194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
		195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
		196	C<croak>.
		197
		198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
		199
		200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
		201	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		202	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		203	read buffer).
		204
		205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
		206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		208	the beginning from it.
		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
		213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
		214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
		215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
		216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		217
		218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		219	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		220	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		221	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
82		222
83	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	223	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
84		224
85	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	225	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
86	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	226	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
…		…
94	down.	234	down.
95		235
96	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
97	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
98		238
99	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
100
101	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
102	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
103	connect or a read error.
104
105	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
106	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
107	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
108	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
109	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
110
111	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
112	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
113	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
114	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
115
116	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
117	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
118	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
119	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
120
121	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
122	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
123	C<EPROTO>).
124
125	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
126	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
127	C<croak>.
128
129	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
130
131	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
132	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
133	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
134	read buffer).
135
136	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
137	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
138	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
139	the beginning from it.
140
141	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
142	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
143	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
144	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
145
146	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
147	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
148	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
149	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
150
151	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
152		240
153	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
154	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
155		243
156	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
157		245
158	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
159	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
161	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
162	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
163		251
164	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
165		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
166	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
167	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
168	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
169	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
170		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
171	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
172	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
173	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
174	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
175	restart the timeout.	275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
176		276
177	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
178		278
179	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
180		284
181	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
182	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
183	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
184		288
…		…
192	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
193	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
194	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
195	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
196		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
197	=item autocork => <boolean>	316	=item autocork => <boolean>
198		317
199	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
200	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
201	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
202	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
203	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
204	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
205		324
206	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
207	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
208	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
209	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
210		329
211	=item no_delay => <boolean>	330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
215	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
216		335
217	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
218	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
219		338
220	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
221	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
222		373
223	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
224		375
225	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
226	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
227	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
228		388
229	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
230		390
231	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
232	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
233	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
234		394
235	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
236	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
237	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
238	is good in almost all cases.	398	is good in almost all cases.
239		399
240	=item linger => <seconds>	400	=item linger => <seconds>
241		401
242	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
243	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
244	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
245	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
246	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
247		407
…		…
254	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname	414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
255	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.	415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
256		416
257	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS	417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
258	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This	418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
259	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or	419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
260	C<undef>.	420	C<undef>.
261		421
262	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
263		423
264	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
265	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
266	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
267		427
268	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an	428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
269	appropriate error message.	429	appropriate error message.
270		430
271	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
272	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
273	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
274	to add the dependency yourself.	434	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		435	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
275		436
276	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	437	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
277	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	438	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
278	mode.	439	mode.
279		440
…		…
290	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,	451	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
291	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often	452	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
292	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the	453	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
293	segmentation fault.	454	segmentation fault.
294		455
295	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	456	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
296		457
297	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls	458	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
298		459
299	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection	460	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
300	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	461	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
301	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	462	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		463	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
302		464
303	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key	465	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
304	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a	466	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
305	new TLS context object.	467	new TLS context object.
306		468
…		…
315		477
316	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this	478	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
317	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.	479	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
318		480
319	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being	481	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
320	called, as normal.	482	called as usual.
321		483
322	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you	484	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
323	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can	485	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
324	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.	486	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
325		487
326	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)	488	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
327		489
…		…
353		515
354	sub new {	516	sub new {
355	my $class = shift;	517	my $class = shift;
356	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	518	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
357		519
358	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	520	if ($self->{fh}) {
		521	$self->_start;
		522	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		523
		524	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		525	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		526
		527	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		528	unless exists $self->{peername};
		529
		530	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		531
		532	{
		533	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		534
		535	$self->{_connect} =
		536	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		537	$self->{connect}[0],
		538	$self->{connect}[1],
		539	sub {
		540	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		541
		542	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		543
		544	if ($fh) {
		545	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		546
		547	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		548	$self->_start;
		549
		550	$self->{on_connect}
		551	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		552	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		553	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		554	&$retry;
		555	});
		556
		557	} else {
		558	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		559	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		560	$self->destroy if $self;
		561	} else {
		562	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		563	}
		564	}
		565	},
		566	sub {
		567	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		568
		569	$self->{on_prepare}
		570	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		571	: ()
		572	}
		573	);
		574	}
		575
		576	} else {
		577	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		578	}
		579
		580	$self
		581	}
		582
		583	sub _start {
		584	my ($self) = @_;
		585
		586	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		587	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		588	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		589	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		590	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
359		591
360	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	592	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
361		593
		594	$self->{_activity} =
		595	$self->{_ractivity} =
362	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	596	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
363	$self->_timeout;
364		597
		598	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		599	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		600	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		601
		602	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		603	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		604	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		605
365	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	606	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		607	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
366		608
		609	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		610
367	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	611	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
368	if $self->{tls};	612	if $self->{tls};
369		613
370	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	614	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
371		615
372	$self->start_read	616	$self->start_read
373	if $self->{on_read};	617	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
374		618
375	$self->{fh} && $self	619	$self->_drain_wbuf;
376	}	620	}
377
378	#sub _shutdown {
379	# my ($self) = @_;
380	#
381	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
382	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
383	#
384	# &_freetls;
385	#}
386		621
387	sub _error {	622	sub _error {
388	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;	623	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
389		624
390	$! = $errno;	625	$! = $errno;
391	$message ||= "$!";	626	$message ||= "$!";
392		627
393	if ($self->{on_error}) {	628	if ($self->{on_error}) {
394	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);	629	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
395	$self->destroy if $fatal;	630	$self->destroy if $fatal;
396	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	631	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
397	$self->destroy;	632	$self->destroy;
398	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";	633	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
399	}	634	}
400	}	635	}
401		636
…		…
427	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	662	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
428	}	663	}
429		664
430	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	665	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
431		666
432	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	667	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
433	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
434	argument and method.
435		668
436	=cut	669	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
437		670
438	sub on_timeout {	671	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
439	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	672	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
440	}	673	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	# see below
441		678
442	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	679	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
443		680
444	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	681	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
445	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	682	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
458	=cut	695	=cut
459		696
460	sub no_delay {	697	sub no_delay {
461	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	698	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
462		699
		700	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		701	if $_[0]{fh};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		705
		706	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		707	the same name for details).
		708
		709	=cut
		710
		711	sub keepalive {
		712	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		713
463	eval {	714	eval {
464	local $SIG{__DIE__};	715	local $SIG{__DIE__};
465	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	716	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		717	if $_[0]{fh};
		718	};
		719	}
		720
		721	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		722
		723	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		724	the same name for details).
		725
		726	=cut
		727
		728	sub oobinline {
		729	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		730
		731	eval {
		732	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		733	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		734	if $_[0]{fh};
		735	};
		736	}
		737
		738	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		739
		740	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		741	the same name for details).
		742
		743	=cut
		744
		745	sub keepalive {
		746	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		747
		748	eval {
		749	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		750	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		751	if $_[0]{fh};
466	};	752	};
467	}	753	}
468		754
469	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)	755	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
470		756
…		…
480		766
481	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).	767	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
482		768
483	=cut	769	=cut
484		770
485	sub on_starttls {	771	sub on_stoptls {
486	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];	772	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
487	}	773	}
488		774
		775	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		776
		777	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		778
		779	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		780
		781	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		782
		783	=cut
		784
		785	sub rbuf_max {
		786	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		787	}
		788
		789	sub wbuf_max {
		790	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		791	}
		792
489	#############################################################################	793	#############################################################################
490		794
491	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	795	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
492		796
		797	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		798
		799	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		800
493	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	801	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
494		802
495	=cut	803	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		804	handle before it returns.
496		805
497	sub timeout {	806	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		807
		808	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		809
		810	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		811
		812	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		813
		814	These methods are cheap to call.
		815
		816	=cut
		817
		818	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		819	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		820	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		821	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		822	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		823	my $cb;
		824
		825	*$on_timeout = sub {
		826	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		827	};
		828
		829	*$timeout = sub {
498	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	830	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
499		831
		832	$new_value >= 0
		833	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		834
500	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	835	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
501	$self->_timeout;	836	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
502	}	837	};
503		838
		839	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		840	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		841	};
		842
		843	# main workhorse:
504	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	844	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
505	# also check for time-outs	845	# also check for time-outs
506	sub _timeout {	846	$cb = sub {
507	my ($self) = @_;	847	my ($self) = @_;
508		848
509	if ($self->{timeout}) {	849	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
510	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	850	my $NOW = AE::now;
511		851
512	# when would the timeout trigger?	852	# when would the timeout trigger?
513	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	853	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
514		854
515	# now or in the past already?	855	# now or in the past already?
516	if ($after <= 0) {	856	if ($after <= 0) {
517	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	857	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
518		858
519	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	859	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
520	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	860	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
521	} else {	861	} else {
522	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	862	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		863	}
		864
		865	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		866	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		867
		868	# calculate new after
		869	$after = $self->{$timeout};
523	}	870	}
524		871
525	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	872	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
526	return unless $self->{timeout};	873	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
527		874
528	# calculate new after	875	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
529	$after = $self->{timeout};	876	delete $self->{$tw};
		877	$cb->($self);
		878	};
		879	} else {
		880	delete $self->{$tw};
530	}	881	}
531
532	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
533	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
534
535	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
536	delete $self->{_tw};
537	$self->_timeout;
538	});
539	} else {
540	delete $self->{_tw};
541	}	882	}
542	}	883	}
543		884
544	#############################################################################	885	#############################################################################
545		886
…		…
552		893
553	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	894	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
554	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	895	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
555		896
556	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	897	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
557	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	898	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
558		899
559	=over 4	900	=over 4
560		901
561	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	902	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
562		903
563	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	904	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
564	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	905	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
565		906
		907	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		908	destroyed after it returns).
		909
566	=cut	910	=cut
567		911
568	sub on_drain {	912	sub on_drain {
569	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	913	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
570		914
…		…
574	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});	918	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
575	}	919	}
576		920
577	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	921	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
578		922
579	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	923	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
580	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	924	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
581	buffers it independently of the kernel.	925	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		926
		927	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		928	destroyed after it returns).
582		929
583	=cut	930	=cut
584		931
585	sub _drain_wbuf {	932	sub _drain_wbuf {
586	my ($self) = @_;	933	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
593	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	940	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
594		941
595	if (defined $len) {	942	if (defined $len) {
596	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	943	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
597		944
598	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	945	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
599		946
600	$self->{on_drain}($self)	947	$self->{on_drain}($self)
601	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	948	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
602	&& $self->{on_drain};	949	&& $self->{on_drain};
603		950
…		…
609		956
610	# try to write data immediately	957	# try to write data immediately
611	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	958	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
612		959
613	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	960	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
614	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	961	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
615	if length $self->{wbuf};	962	if length $self->{wbuf};
		963
		964	if (
		965	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		966	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		967	) {
		968	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		969	}
616	};	970	};
617	}	971	}
618		972
619	our %WH;	973	our %WH;
620		974
		975	# deprecated
621	sub register_write_type($$) {	976	sub register_write_type($$) {
622	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	977	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
623	}	978	}
624		979
625	sub push_write {	980	sub push_write {
626	my $self = shift;	981	my $self = shift;
627		982
628	if (@_ > 1) {	983	if (@_ > 1) {
629	my $type = shift;	984	my $type = shift;
630		985
		986	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
631	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	987	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
632	->($self, @_);	988	->($self, @_);
633	}	989	}
634		990
		991	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		992	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		993
635	if ($self->{tls}) {	994	if ($self->{tls}) {
636	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	995	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
637		996	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
638	&_dotls ($self);
639	} else {	997	} else {
640	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	998	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
641	$self->_drain_wbuf;	999	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
642	}	1000	}
643	}	1001	}
644		1002
645	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1003	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
646		1004
647	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1005	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
648	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1006	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1007	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1008	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1009	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
649		1010
650	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1011	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
651	drop by and tell us):	1012	drop by and tell us):
652		1013
653	=over 4	1014	=over 4
…		…
710	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1071	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
711	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1072	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
712		1073
713	=cut	1074	=cut
714		1075
		1076	sub json_coder() {
		1077	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1078	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1079	}
		1080
715	register_write_type json => sub {	1081	register_write_type json => sub {
716	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1082	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
717		1083
718	require JSON;	1084	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
719		1085
720	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1086	$json->encode ($ref)
721	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
722	};	1087	};
723		1088
724	=item storable => $reference	1089	=item storable => $reference
725		1090
726	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1091	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
729	=cut	1094	=cut
730		1095
731	register_write_type storable => sub {	1096	register_write_type storable => sub {
732	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1097	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
733		1098
734	require Storable;	1099	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
735		1100
736	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1101	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
737	};	1102	};
738		1103
739	=back	1104	=back
…		…
744	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your	1109	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
745	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set	1110	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
746	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and	1111	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
747	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:	1112	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
748		1113
749	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown	1114	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
750		1115
751	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the	1116	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
752	the peer.	1117	the peer.
753		1118
754	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling	1119	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
755	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.	1120	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
756		1121
		1122	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1123	destroyed after it returns).
		1124
757	=cut	1125	=cut
758		1126
759	sub push_shutdown {	1127	sub push_shutdown {
760	my ($self) = @_;	1128	my ($self) = @_;
761		1129
762	delete $self->{low_water_mark};	1130	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
763	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });	1131	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
764	}	1132	}
765		1133
766	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1134	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
767		1135
768	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1136	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1137	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1138	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1139	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1140	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1141
769	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1142	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
770	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1143	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
771		1144
772	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1145	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
773	be appended to the write buffer.	1146	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1147	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
774		1148
775	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1149	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
776	global, so try to use unique names.	1150	arguments using the first one.
		1151
		1152	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1153
		1154	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1155	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1156	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1157
		1158	package My::Type;
		1159
		1160	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1161	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1162
		1163	join $delim, @args
		1164	}
777		1165
778	=cut	1166	=cut
779		1167
780	#############################################################################	1168	#############################################################################
781		1169
…		…
790	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1178	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
791	a queue.	1179	a queue.
792		1180
793	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1181	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
794	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1182	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
795	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1183	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
796	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1184	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
797	partial message has been received so far).	1185	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1186	e.g. C<push_read>.
798		1187
799	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1188	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
800	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1189	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
801	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1190	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
802	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1191	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
803		1192
804	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1193	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
805	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1194	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
806		1195
…		…
863	=cut	1252	=cut
864		1253
865	sub _drain_rbuf {	1254	sub _drain_rbuf {
866	my ($self) = @_;	1255	my ($self) = @_;
867		1256
		1257	# avoid recursion
		1258	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
868	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1259	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
869
870	if (
871	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
872	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
873	) {
874	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
875	}
876		1260
877	while () {	1261	while () {
878	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while	1262	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
879	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.	1263	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
880	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};	1264	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1265	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
881		1266
882	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1267	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
883		1268
884	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1269	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
885	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1270	unless ($cb->($self)) {
886	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1271	# no progress can be made
887	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1272	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
888	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1273	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
889	}	1274	if $self->{_eof};
890		1275
891	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1276	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
892	last;	1277	last;
893	}	1278	}
894	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1279	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
914	last;	1299	last;
915	}	1300	}
916	}	1301	}
917		1302
918	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1303	if ($self->{_eof}) {
919	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1304	$self->{on_eof}
920	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1305	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
921	} else {
922	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");	1306	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
923	}	1307
		1308	return;
		1309	}
		1310
		1311	if (
		1312	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1313	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1314	) {
		1315	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
924	}	1316	}
925		1317
926	# may need to restart read watcher	1318	# may need to restart read watcher
927	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1319	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
928	$self->start_read	1320	$self->start_read
…		…
934		1326
935	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1327	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
936	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1328	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
937	constructor.	1329	constructor.
938		1330
		1331	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1332	destroyed after it returns).
		1333
939	=cut	1334	=cut
940		1335
941	sub on_read {	1336	sub on_read {
942	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1337	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
943		1338
944	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1339	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
945	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1340	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
946	}	1341	}
947		1342
948	=item $handle->rbuf	1343	=item $handle->rbuf
949		1344
950	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1345	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1346	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1347	much faster, and no less clean).
951		1348
952	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>	1349	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
953	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the	1350	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
954	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its	1351	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
955	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
956	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
957		1352
958	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1353	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
959	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1354	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
960	automatically manage the read buffer.	1355	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1356	will manage the read buffer on their own.
961		1357
962	=cut	1358	=cut
963		1359
964	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1360	sub rbuf : lvalue {
965	$_[0]{rbuf}	1361	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
982		1378
983	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1379	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
984	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1380	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
985	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1381	true, it will be removed from the queue.
986		1382
		1383	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1384	destroyed after it returns).
		1385
987	=cut	1386	=cut
988		1387
989	our %RH;	1388	our %RH;
990		1389
991	sub register_read_type($$) {	1390	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
997	my $cb = pop;	1396	my $cb = pop;
998		1397
999	if (@_) {	1398	if (@_) {
1000	my $type = shift;	1399	my $type = shift;
1001		1400
		1401	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
1002	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1402	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
1003	->($self, $cb, @_);	1403	->($self, $cb, @_);
1004	}	1404	}
1005		1405
1006	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1406	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
1007	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1407	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1008	}	1408	}
1009		1409
1010	sub unshift_read {	1410	sub unshift_read {
1011	my $self = shift;	1411	my $self = shift;
1012	my $cb = pop;	1412	my $cb = pop;
1013		1413
1014	if (@_) {	1414	if (@_) {
1015	my $type = shift;	1415	my $type = shift;
1016		1416
		1417	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
1017	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1418	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
1018	->($self, $cb, @_);	1419	->($self, $cb, @_);
1019	}	1420	}
1020		1421
1021
1022	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1422	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
1023	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1423	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1024	}	1424	}
1025		1425
1026	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1426	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
1027		1427
1028	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1428	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
1029		1429
1030	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1430	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
1031	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1431	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
1032	etc.	1432	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1433	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1434	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
1033		1435
1034	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1436	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
1035	drop by and tell us):	1437	drop by and tell us):
1036		1438
1037	=over 4	1439	=over 4
…		…
1043	data.	1445	data.
1044		1446
1045	Example: read 2 bytes.	1447	Example: read 2 bytes.
1046		1448
1047	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1449	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
1048	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1450	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
1049	});	1451	});
1050		1452
1051	=cut	1453	=cut
1052		1454
1053	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1455	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
1087	if (@_ < 3) {	1489	if (@_ < 3) {
1088	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1490	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
1089	sub {	1491	sub {
1090	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1492	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
1091		1493
1092	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1494	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
1093	1	1495	1
1094	}	1496	}
1095	} else {	1497	} else {
1096	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1498	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
1097	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1499	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
1098		1500
1099	sub {	1501	sub {
1100	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1502	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
1101		1503
1102	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1504	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
1103	1	1505	1
1104	}	1506	}
1105	}	1507	}
1106	};	1508	};
1107		1509
…		…
1129	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1531	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1130	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1532	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1131	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1533	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1132	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1534	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1133	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1535	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1134	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1536	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1135		1537
1136	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1538	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1137	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1539	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1138	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1540	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1139	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1541	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1140	required for the accept regex.	1542	required for the accept regex.
1141		1543
1142	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1544	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1155		1557
1156	sub {	1558	sub {
1157	# accept	1559	# accept
1158	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1560	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1159	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1561	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1160	$cb->($self, $data);	1562	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1161	return 1;	1563	return 1;
1162	}	1564	}
1163		1565
1164	# reject	1566	# reject
1165	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1567	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1166	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1568	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1167	}	1569	}
1168		1570
1169	# skip	1571	# skip
1170	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1572	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1171	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1573	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1187	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1589	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1188		1590
1189	sub {	1591	sub {
1190	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1592	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1191	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1593	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1192	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1594	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1193	}	1595	}
1194	return;	1596	return;
1195	}	1597	}
1196		1598
1197	my $len = $1;	1599	my $len = $1;
1198		1600
1199	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1601	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1200	my $string = $_[1];	1602	my $string = $_[1];
1201	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1603	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1202	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1604	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1203	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1605	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1204	} else {	1606	} else {
1205	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1607	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1206	}	1608	}
1207	});	1609	});
1208	});	1610	});
1209		1611
1210	1	1612	1
…		…
1277	=cut	1679	=cut
1278		1680
1279	register_read_type json => sub {	1681	register_read_type json => sub {
1280	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1682	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1281		1683
1282	my $json = $self->{json} ||=	1684	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1283	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
1284	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1285		1685
1286	my $data;	1686	my $data;
1287	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1687	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1288		1688
1289	sub {	1689	sub {
1290	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };	1690	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1291		1691
1292	if ($ref) {	1692	if ($ref) {
1293	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1693	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1294	$json->incr_text = "";	1694	$json->incr_text = "";
1295	$cb->($self, $ref);	1695	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1296		1696
1297	1	1697	1
1298	} elsif ($@) {	1698	} elsif ($@) {
1299	# error case	1699	# error case
1300	$json->incr_skip;	1700	$json->incr_skip;
1301		1701
1302	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1702	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1303	$json->incr_text = "";	1703	$json->incr_text = "";
1304		1704
1305	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1705	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1306		1706
1307	()	1707	()
1308	} else {	1708	} else {
1309	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1709	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
1310		1710
1311	()	1711	()
1312	}	1712	}
1313	}	1713	}
1314	};	1714	};
…		…
1324	=cut	1724	=cut
1325		1725
1326	register_read_type storable => sub {	1726	register_read_type storable => sub {
1327	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1727	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1328		1728
1329	require Storable;	1729	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1330		1730
1331	sub {	1731	sub {
1332	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1732	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1333	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1733	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1334	or return;	1734	or return;
…		…
1337		1737
1338	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1738	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1339	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1739	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1340	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1740	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1341	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1741	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1742
1342	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1743	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1744	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1343	} else {	1745	} else {
1344	# remove prefix	1746	# remove prefix
1345	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1747	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1346		1748
1347	# read remaining chunk	1749	# read remaining chunk
1348	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1750	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1349	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1751	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1350	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1351	} else {
1352	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1752	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1353	}
1354	});	1753	});
1355	}	1754	}
1356		1755
1357	1	1756	1
1358	}	1757	}
1359	};	1758	};
1360		1759
		1760	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1761
		1762	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1763	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1764	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1765	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1766
		1767	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1768	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1769	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1770	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1771	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1772	C<$detect>.
		1773
		1774	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1775	TLS negotiation.
		1776
		1777	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1778	handlers.
		1779
		1780	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1781
		1782	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1783	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1784	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1785	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1786	accomodate protocol changes.
		1787
		1788	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1789	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1790
		1791	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1792
		1793	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1794	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1795
		1796	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1797	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1798	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1799
		1800	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1801
		1802	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1803	line.
		1804
		1805	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1806	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1807	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1808	});
		1809
		1810	=cut
		1811
		1812	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1813	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1814
		1815	sub {
		1816	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1817	if (
		1818	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1819	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1820	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1821	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1822	) {
		1823	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1824
		1825	# full match, valid TLS record
		1826	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1827	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1828	} else {
		1829	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1830	$cb->($self, undef);
		1831	}
		1832
		1833	1
		1834	}
		1835	};
		1836
		1837	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1838	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1839
		1840	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1841	return unless $_[1];
		1842	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1843	})
		1844	};
		1845
1361	=back	1846	=back
1362		1847
1363	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1848	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1364		1849
1365	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1850	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1851	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1852	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1853	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1854	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1366		1855
1367	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1856	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1368	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1857	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1369	arguments.
1370		1858
1371	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1859	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1372	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1860	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1861	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1862	converter.
1373		1863
1374	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1864	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1375	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1865	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1866	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1376		1867
1377	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1378	global, so try to use unique names.
1379
1380	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1868	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1381	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1869	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1382		1870
1383	=item $handle->stop_read	1871	=item $handle->stop_read
1384		1872
1385	=item $handle->start_read	1873	=item $handle->start_read
1386		1874
…		…
1392	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1880	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1393	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1881	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1394	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1882	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1395	there are any read requests in the queue.	1883	there are any read requests in the queue.
1396		1884
1397	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support	1885	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
1398	half-duplex connections).	1886	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1887	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1888	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1889	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1890	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1891	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1892	during a rehandshake.
		1893
		1894	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1895	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
1399		1896
1400	=cut	1897	=cut
1401		1898
1402	sub stop_read {	1899	sub stop_read {
1403	my ($self) = @_;	1900	my ($self) = @_;
1404		1901
1405	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};	1902	delete $self->{_rw};
1406	}	1903	}
1407		1904
1408	sub start_read {	1905	sub start_read {
1409	my ($self) = @_;	1906	my ($self) = @_;
1410		1907
1411	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1908	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1412	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1909	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1413		1910
1414	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1911	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1415	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	1912	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1416	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1913	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1417		1914
1418	if ($len > 0) {	1915	if ($len > 0) {
1419	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1916	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1420		1917
1421	if ($self->{tls}) {	1918	if ($self->{tls}) {
1422	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	1919	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1423		1920
1424	&_dotls ($self);	1921	&_dotls ($self);
1425	} else {	1922	} else {
1426	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1923	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1924	}
		1925
		1926	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1927	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1928	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1929	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
1427	}	1930	}
1428		1931
1429	} elsif (defined $len) {	1932	} elsif (defined $len) {
1430	delete $self->{_rw};	1933	delete $self->{_rw};
1431	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1934	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1432	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1935	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1433		1936
1434	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1937	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1435	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1938	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1436	}	1939	}
1437	});	1940	};
1438	}	1941	}
1439	}	1942	}
1440		1943
1441	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;	1944	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
1442	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;	1945	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
…		…
1445	my ($self, $err) = @_;	1948	my ($self, $err) = @_;
1446		1949
1447	return $self->_error ($!, 1)	1950	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
1448	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	1951	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1449		1952
1450	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());	1953	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
1451		1954
1452	# reduce error string to look less scary	1955	# reduce error string to look less scary
1453	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;	1956	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
1454		1957
1455	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {	1958	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
…		…
1497	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2000	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1498	}	2001	}
1499	}	2002	}
1500		2003
1501	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;	2004	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1502	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	2005	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1503	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	2006	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1504	}	2007	}
1505		2008
1506	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	2009	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1507	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)	2010	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
…		…
1509	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);	2012	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1510		2013
1511	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2014	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1512	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	2015	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1513	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2016	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2017	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1514	}	2018	}
1515		2019
1516	$self->{_on_starttls}	2020	$self->{_on_starttls}
1517	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()	2021	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1518	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");	2022	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
…		…
1520		2024
1521	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2025	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1522		2026
1523	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2027	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1524	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2028	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1525	C<starttls>.	2029	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2030
		2031	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2032	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2033	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2034	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2035	data when calling this method.
1526		2036
1527	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2037	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1528	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2038	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1529		2039
1530	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used	2040	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
…		…
1535	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS	2045	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1536	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or	2046	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1537	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started	2047	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
1538	when this function returns.	2048	when this function returns.
1539		2049
1540	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	2050	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1541	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	2051	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2052	stream after stopping TLS.
		2053
		2054	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2055	destroyed after it returns).
1542		2056
1543	=cut	2057	=cut
1544		2058
1545	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?	2059	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1546		2060
1547	sub starttls {	2061	sub starttls {
1548	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2062	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1549		2063
1550	require Net::SSLeay;	2064	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
1551
1552	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1553	if $self->{tls};	2065	if $self->{tls};
		2066
		2067	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
		2068	eval {
		2069	require Net::SSLeay;
		2070	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2071	1
		2072	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2073	}
		2074
		2075	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2076	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2077
		2078	return unless $self->{fh};
1554		2079
1555	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	2080	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1556	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();	2081	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1557		2082
		2083	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
1558	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};	2084	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2085
		2086	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
1559		2087
1560	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {	2088	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
1561	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1562
1563	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
1564
1565	if ($ctx->{cache}) {	2089	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
1566	my $key = $ctx+0;	2090	my $key = $ctx+0;
1567	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2091	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1568	} else {	2092	} else {
1569	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2093	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1570	}	2094	}
1571	}	2095	}
1572		2096
1573	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();	2097	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1574	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});	2098	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1575		2099
1576	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2100	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1577	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2101	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1578	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2102	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1579	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2103	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1586	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	2110	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1587	# have identity issues in that area.	2111	# have identity issues in that area.
1588	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,	2112	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1589	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2113	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1590	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2114	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1591	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);	2115	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1592		2116
1593	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2117	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1594	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2118	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1595		2119
		2120	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2121	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2122
1596	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2123	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1597		2124
1598	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }	2125	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1599	if $self->{on_starttls};	2126	if $self->{on_starttls};
1600		2127
1601	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	2128	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
…		…
1604		2131
1605	=item $handle->stoptls	2132	=item $handle->stoptls
1606		2133
1607	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	2134	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1608	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	2135	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1609	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	2136	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1610	afterwards.	2137	the stream afterwards.
		2138
		2139	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2140	destroyed after it returns).
1611		2141
1612	=cut	2142	=cut
1613		2143
1614	sub stoptls {	2144	sub stoptls {
1615	my ($self) = @_;	2145	my ($self) = @_;
1616		2146
1617	if ($self->{tls}) {	2147	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1618	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	2148	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1619		2149
1620	&_dotls;	2150	&_dotls;
1621		2151
1622	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#	2152	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
…		…
1628	sub _freetls {	2158	sub _freetls {
1629	my ($self) = @_;	2159	my ($self) = @_;
1630		2160
1631	return unless $self->{tls};	2161	return unless $self->{tls};
1632		2162
1633	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});	2163	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2164	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1634		2165
1635	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};	2166	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1636	}	2167	}
1637		2168
		2169	=item $handle->resettls
		2170
		2171	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2172	causing data loss.
		2173
		2174	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2175	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2176	no concern.
		2177
		2178	=cut
		2179
		2180	*resettls = \&_freetls;
		2181
1638	sub DESTROY {	2182	sub DESTROY {
1639	my ($self) = @_;	2183	my ($self) = @_;
1640		2184
1641	&_freetls;	2185	&_freetls;
1642		2186
1643	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2187	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1644		2188
1645	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2189	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1646	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2190	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1647	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2191	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1648		2192
1649	my @linger;	2193	my @linger;
1650		2194
1651	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2195	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1652	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2196	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1653		2197
1654	if ($len > 0) {	2198	if ($len > 0) {
1655	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2199	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1656	} else {	2200	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1657	@linger = (); # end	2201	@linger = (); # end
1658	}	2202	}
1659	});	2203	};
1660	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2204	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1661	@linger = ();	2205	@linger = ();
1662	});	2206	};
1663	}	2207	}
1664	}	2208	}
1665		2209
1666	=item $handle->destroy	2210	=item $handle->destroy
1667		2211
1668	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2212	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1669	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible	2213	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1670	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2214	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2215	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2216	empty list).
1671		2217
1672	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2218	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1673	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2219	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1674	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2220	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1675	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2221	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
…		…
1689	sub destroy {	2235	sub destroy {
1690	my ($self) = @_;	2236	my ($self) = @_;
1691		2237
1692	$self->DESTROY;	2238	$self->DESTROY;
1693	%$self = ();	2239	%$self = ();
		2240	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1694	}	2241	}
		2242
		2243	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2244	#nop
		2245	}
		2246
		2247	=item $handle->destroyed
		2248
		2249	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2250	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2251
		2252	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2253	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2254	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2255	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2256
		2257	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2258	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2259	$hdl->push_write (...
		2260
		2261	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2262	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2263	handle being destroyed.
		2264
		2265	=cut
		2266
		2267	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2268	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1695		2269
1696	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2270	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1697		2271
1698	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default	2272	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1699	for TLS mode.	2273	for TLS mode.
…		…
1727		2301
1728	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,	2302	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
1729	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<	2303	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
1730	->destroy >> method.	2304	->destroy >> method.
1731		2305
		2306	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2307
		2308	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2309	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2310	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2311
		2312	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2313	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2314	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2315	queue.
		2316
		2317	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2318
		2319	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2320
		2321	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2322	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2323	and handles them, in a loop.
		2324
		2325	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2326	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2327	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2328	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2329	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2330
		2331	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2332	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2333
		2334	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2335	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2336	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2337
		2338	... handle request
		2339
		2340	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2341	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2342	});
		2343
		2344	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2345	# now push the first @start_request
		2346	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2347
		2348	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2349	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2350	unexpectedly.
		2351
		2352	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2353	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2354	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2355	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2356	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2357	problem).
		2358
		2359	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2360	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2361	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2362
		2363	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2364	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2365	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2366	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2367	and simpler:
		2368
		2369	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2370	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2371	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2372
		2373	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2374	# simply start read the request
		2375
		2376	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2377	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2378
		2379	... handle request
		2380
		2381	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2382	# let the request queue go empty.
		2383	});
		2384	});
		2385
1732	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2386	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1733	reading?	2387	reading?
1734		2388
1735	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2389	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1736	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2390	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1737	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2391	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1738	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2392	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1739		2393
1740	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2394	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1741	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2395	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1742	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2396	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1743		2397
1744	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2398	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1745	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2399	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1757	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2411	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1758	$handle->on_error (sub {	2412	$handle->on_error (sub {
1759	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2413	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1760	});	2414	});
1761		2415
		2416	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2417	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2418	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2419
1762	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2420	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1763	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2421	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1764	fact, all data has been received.	2422	fact all data has been received.
1765		2423
1766	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2424	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1767	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2425	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1768	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2426	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1769	explicit QUIT command.	2427	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1776	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been	2434	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
1777	written to the socket:	2435	written to the socket:
1778		2436
1779	$handle->push_write (...);	2437	$handle->push_write (...);
1780	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2438	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1781	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2439	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
1782	undef $handle;	2440	undef $handle;
1783	});	2441	});
1784		2442
1785	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,	2443	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
1786	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.	2444	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
1787		2445
1788	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.	2446	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
1789		2447
1790	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,	2448	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
1791	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>	2449	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
1792	parameter:	2450	parameter:
1793		2451
1794	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {	2452	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
1795	my ($fh) = @_;	2453	my ($fh) = @_;
1796		2454
…		…
1870	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not	2528	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
1871	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.	2529	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1872		2530
1873	=back	2531	=back
1874		2532
1875
1876	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2533	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1877		2534
1878	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2535	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1879		2536
1880	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these	2537	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
…		…
1896		2553
1897	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2554	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1898	are free to use in subclasses.	2555	are free to use in subclasses.
1899		2556
1900	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2557	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1901	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2558	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1902		2559
1903	=back	2560	=back
1904		2561
1905	=head1 AUTHOR	2562	=head1 AUTHOR
1906		2563
1907	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2564	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1908		2565
1909	=cut	2566	=cut
1910		2567
1911	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2568	1
		2569

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