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Revision 1.19 by root, Sat May 24 05:57:11 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.174 by root, Sat Aug 8 20:52:06 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util ();
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
12		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on filehandles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	This module is experimental.
18
19	=cut	14	=cut
20		15
21	our $VERSION = '0.04';	16	our $VERSION = 4.91;
22		17
23	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
24		19
25	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
26	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
27		22
28	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
29		24
30	my $ae_fh = AnyEvent::Handle->new (fh => \*STDIN);	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
31
32	#TODO
33
34	# or use the constructor to pass the callback:
35
36	my $ae_fh2 =
37	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
38	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
39	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
40	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
41	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
42	#TODO	30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
43	);	32	);
44		33
45	$cv->wait;	34	# send some request line
		35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
		36
		37	# read the response line
		38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
		41	$cv->send;
		42	});
		43
		44	$cv->recv;
46		45
47	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
48		47
49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	50
		51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
52		53
53	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
54	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
55	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
56		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
57	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
58	argument.	62	argument.
59		63
60	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
61		65
62	=over 4	66	=over 4
63		67
64	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
65		69
66	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
67		71
68	=over 4	72	=over 4
69		73
70	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
71		75
72	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
73
74	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
75	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
76		80
77	=item on_eof => $cb->($self)	81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
78		82
79	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
80		86
81	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
82	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
83	waiting for data.
84		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
85	=item on_error => $cb->($self)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
86		99
		100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
		105
		106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
		108	timeout is to be used).
		109
		110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		111
		112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
		136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		137
87	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
88	ocurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
89	or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
90		141
91	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
92	called.	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
		156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
93		159
94	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
95	error (or C<ENOSPC> or C<EPIPE>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
96		163
97	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
98	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
99	die.	166	C<croak>.
100		167
101	=item on_read => $cb->($self)	168	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
102		169
103	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	170	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
104	and no read request is in the queue.	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		173	read buffer).
105		174
106	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
107	method or acces sthe C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
108		179
109	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
110	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
111	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
112	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
113		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		205
114	=item on_drain => $cb->()	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
115		207
116	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
117	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
118		210
119	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	211	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
120		212
		213	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		214	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		215	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		216	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		217	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		218
		219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		220
		221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
		222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
		223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
		224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
		225
		226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
		227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
		229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
		231
		232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
		233
		234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		235
		236	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		237	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		238	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
		239
121	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
122		241
123	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
124	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
125	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
126		245
127	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
128	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
129	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
130	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
131	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
132		251
		252	=item autocork => <boolean>
		253
		254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		260
		261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		265
		266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		267
		268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		271
		272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		274
		275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		277
133	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
134		279
135	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
136	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
137		283
138	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
139		285
140	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
141	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
142	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
143		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
		295	=item linger => <seconds>
		296
		297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		302
		303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
		316
144	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
145		318
146	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
147	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
148	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
149		322
150	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
151	connection, use C<connect> mode.	324	appropriate error message.
		325
		326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
		327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
		330
		331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
		332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		333	mode.
152		334
153	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
154	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
155	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
156	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
157		340
158	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
159		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
		350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
		351
		352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
		353
160	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
161	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
162	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
163		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
		394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
		395
		396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
		397
		398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
		401
		402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
		403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
		404
164	=back	405	=back
165		406
166	=cut	407	=cut
167		408
168	sub new {	409	sub new {
169	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
170
171	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
172		412
173	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
174		476
175	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
176		478
177	if ($self->{tls}) {	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
178	require Net::SSLeay;	480	$self->_timeout;
		481
		482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		483
179	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
180	}	485	if $self->{tls};
181		486
182	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
183	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
184	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
185	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
186		488
187	$self->start_read;	489	$self->start_read
		490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
188		491
189	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
190	}	493	}
191		494
192	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
193	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
		497	#
		498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
		499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
		500	#
		501	# &_freetls;
		502	#}
194		503
195	delete $self->{rw};
196	delete $self->{ww};
197	delete $self->{fh};
198	}
199
200	sub error {	504	sub _error {
201	my ($self) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
202		506
203	{	507	$! = $errno;
204	local $!;	508	$message ||= "$!";
205	$self->_shutdown;
206	}
207		509
208	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
209	$self->{on_error}($self);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
210	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
211	die "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
212	}	516	}
213	}	517	}
214		518
215	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
216		520
217	This method returns the filehandle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
218		522
219	=cut	523	=cut
220		524
221	sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
222		526
223	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)	527	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
224		528
225	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).	529	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
226		530
…		…
238		542
239	sub on_eof {	543	sub on_eof {
240	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
241	}	545	}
242		546
		547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		548
		549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
		550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
		551	argument and method.
		552
		553	=cut
		554
		555	sub on_timeout {
		556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		557	}
		558
		559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		560
		561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		563
		564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
		569
		570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		571
		572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		573	the same name for details).
		574
		575	=cut
		576
		577	sub no_delay {
		578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		579
		580	eval {
		581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
		584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		608
		609	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub rbuf_max {
		614	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		615	}
		616
		617	#############################################################################
		618
		619	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		620
		621	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		622
		623	=cut
		624
		625	sub timeout {
		626	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
		627
		628	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;
		629	delete $self->{_tw};
		630	$self->_timeout;
		631	}
		632
		633	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		634	# also check for time-outs
		635	sub _timeout {
		636	my ($self) = @_;
		637
		638	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
		639	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		640
		641	# when would the timeout trigger?
		642	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
		643
		644	# now or in the past already?
		645	if ($after <= 0) {
		646	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
		647
		648	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
		649	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
		650	} else {
		651	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		652	}
		653
		654	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		655	return unless $self->{timeout};
		656
		657	# calculate new after
		658	$after = $self->{timeout};
		659	}
		660
		661	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		662	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		663
		664	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
		665	delete $self->{_tw};
		666	$self->_timeout;
		667	});
		668	} else {
		669	delete $self->{_tw};
		670	}
		671	}
		672
243	#############################################################################	673	#############################################################################
244		674
245	=back	675	=back
246		676
247	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	677	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
250	for reading.	680	for reading.
251		681
252	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	682	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
253	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	683	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
254		684
255	When data could be writtena nd the write buffer is shorter then the low	685	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
256	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	686	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.
257		687
258	=over 4	688	=over 4
259		689
260	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	690	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
…		…
268	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	698	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
269		699
270	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	700	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
271		701
272	$cb->($self)	702	$cb->($self)
273	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	703	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
274	}	704	}
275		705
276	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	706	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
277		707
278	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	708	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
282	=cut	712	=cut
283		713
284	sub _drain_wbuf {	714	sub _drain_wbuf {
285	my ($self) = @_;	715	my ($self) = @_;
286		716
287	unless ($self->{ww}) {	717	if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		718
288	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	719	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		720
289	my $cb = sub {	721	my $cb = sub {
290	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	722	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
291		723
292	if ($len > 0) {	724	if (defined $len) {
293	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	725	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
294		726
		727	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
		728
295	$self->{on_drain}($self)	729	$self->{on_drain}($self)
296	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	730	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
297	&& $self->{on_drain};	731	&& $self->{on_drain};
298		732
299	delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	733	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
300	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	734	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
301	$self->error;	735	$self->_error ($!, 1);
302	}	736	}
303	};	737	};
304		738
		739	# try to write data immediately
		740	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
		741
		742	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
305	$self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb);	743	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
306		744	if length $self->{wbuf};
307	$cb->($self);
308	};	745	};
		746	}
		747
		748	our %WH;
		749
		750	sub register_write_type($$) {
		751	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
309	}	752	}
310		753
311	sub push_write {	754	sub push_write {
312	my $self = shift;	755	my $self = shift;
313		756
		757	if (@_ > 1) {
		758	my $type = shift;
		759
		760	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
		761	->($self, @_);
		762	}
		763
314	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	764	if ($self->{tls}) {
315	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	765	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		766	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
316	} else {	767	} else {
317	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	768	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	769	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
319	}	770	}
320	}	771	}
		772
		773	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
		774
		775	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
		776	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
		777
		778	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
		779	drop by and tell us):
		780
		781	=over 4
		782
		783	=item netstring => $string
		784
		785	Formats the given value as netstring
		786	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
		787
		788	=cut
		789
		790	register_write_type netstring => sub {
		791	my ($self, $string) = @_;
		792
		793	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		794	};
		795
		796	=item packstring => $format, $data
		797
		798	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		799	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		800	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		801	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		802
		803	=cut
		804
		805	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		806	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		807
		808	pack "$format/a*", $string
		809	};
		810
		811	=item json => $array_or_hashref
		812
		813	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
		814	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
		815	in UTF-8.
		816
		817	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
		818	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
		819	additional framing.
		820
		821	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
		822	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
		823	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
		824
		825	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
		826	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
		827	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
		828	JSON text:
		829
		830	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		831	$handle->push_write ("\012");
		832
		833	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
		834	rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
		835
		836	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		837
		838	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
		839	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
		840
		841	=cut
		842
		843	register_write_type json => sub {
		844	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		845
		846	require JSON;
		847
		848	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
		849	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
		850	};
		851
		852	=item storable => $reference
		853
		854	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		855	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		856
		857	=cut
		858
		859	register_write_type storable => sub {
		860	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		861
		862	require Storable;
		863
		864	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		865	};
		866
		867	=back
		868
		869	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		870
		871	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		872	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		873	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		874	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		875	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		876
		877	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		878
		879	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		880	the peer.
		881
		882	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		883	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		884
		885	=cut
		886
		887	sub push_shutdown {
		888	my ($self) = @_;
		889
		890	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		891	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		892	}
		893
		894	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
		895
		896	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
		897	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
		898	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
		899
		900	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will
		901	be appended to the write buffer.
		902
		903	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		904	global, so try to use unique names.
		905
		906	=cut
321		907
322	#############################################################################	908	#############################################################################
323		909
324	=back	910	=back
325		911
…		…
332	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	918	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
333	a queue.	919	a queue.
334		920
335	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	921	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
336	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	922	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
337	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	923	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
338	or not.	924	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		925	partial message has been received so far).
339		926
340	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	927	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
341	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	928	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
342	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	929	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
343	below).	930	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
344		931
345	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	932	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
346	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	933	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
347		934
348	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	935	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
349	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	936	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
350		937
351	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	938	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
352	$handle->on_read (sub {	939	$handle->on_read (sub {
353	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	940	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
354	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	941	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
355	# header arrived, decode	942	# header arrived, decode
356	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	943	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
357		944
358	# now read the payload	945	# now read the payload
359	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	946	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
360	my $xml = $_[1];	947	my $xml = $_[1];
361	# handle xml	948	# handle xml
362	});	949	});
363	});	950	});
364	});	951	});
365		952
366	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	953	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
367	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	954	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
368	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	955	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
369	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	956	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
370	the callbacks:	957	in the callbacks.
371		958
372	# request one	959	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		960	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		961	64-byte chunk callback.
		962
		963	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
373	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	964	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
374		965
375	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	966	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
376	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	967	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
377	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	968	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
378	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	969	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
379	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	970	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
380	# we don't do this in case we got an error	971	# we don't do this in case we got an error
381	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	972	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
382	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	973	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
383	my $response = $_[1];	974	my $response = $_[1];
384	...	975	...
385	});	976	});
386	}	977	}
387	});	978	});
388		979
389	# request two	980	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
390	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	981	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
391		982
392	# simply read 64 bytes, always	983	# simply read 64 bytes, always
393	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	984	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
394	my $response = $_[1];	985	my $response = $_[1];
395	...	986	...
396	});	987	});
397		988
398	=over 4	989	=over 4
399		990
400	=cut	991	=cut
401		992
402	sub _drain_rbuf {	993	sub _drain_rbuf {
403	my ($self) = @_;	994	my ($self) = @_;
		995
		996	# avoid recursion
		997	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		998	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		999
		1000	while () {
		1001	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1002	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1003	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1004	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1005
		1006	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1007
		1008	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1009	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1010	# no progress can be made
		1011	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1012	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1013	if $self->{_eof};
		1014
		1015	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1016	last;
		1017	}
		1018	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1019	last unless $len;
		1020
		1021	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1022
		1023	if (
		1024	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1025	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1026	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1027	) {
		1028	# no further data will arrive
		1029	# so no progress can be made
		1030	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1031	if $self->{_eof};
		1032
		1033	last; # more data might arrive
		1034	}
		1035	} else {
		1036	# read side becomes idle
		1037	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1038	last;
		1039	}
		1040	}
		1041
		1042	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1043	$self->{on_eof}
		1044	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1045	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1046
		1047	return;
		1048	}
404		1049
405	if (	1050	if (
406	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1051	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
407	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1052	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
408	) {	1053	) {
409	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;	1054	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
410	}	1055	}
411		1056
412	return if $self->{in_drain};	1057	# may need to restart read watcher
413	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1058	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
414		1059	$self->start_read
415	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1060	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
416	no strict 'refs';
417	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{queue} }) {
418	if (!$cb->($self)) {
419	if ($self->{eof}) {
420	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
421	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
422	}
423
424	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;
425	return;
426	}
427	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
428	$self->{on_read}($self);
429
430	if (
431	$self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
432	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
433	&& !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty
434	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
435	) {
436	# then no progress can be made
437	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
438	}
439	} else {
440	# read side becomes idle
441	delete $self->{rw};
442	return;
443	}
444	}
445
446	if ($self->{eof}) {
447	$self->_shutdown;
448	$self->{on_eof}($self)
449	if $self->{on_eof};
450	}	1061	}
451	}	1062	}
452		1063
453	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1064	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
454		1065
…		…
460		1071
461	sub on_read {	1072	sub on_read {
462	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1073	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
463		1074
464	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1075	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1076	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
465	}	1077	}
466		1078
467	=item $handle->rbuf	1079	=item $handle->rbuf
468		1080
469	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1081	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
470		1082
471	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1083	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
472	you want.	1084	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1085	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1086	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1087	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
473		1088
474	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1089	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
475	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1090	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
476	automatically manage the read buffer.	1091	automatically manage the read buffer.
477		1092
…		…
488	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read>) or	1103	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read>) or
489	prepend it (C<unshift_read>).	1104	prepend it (C<unshift_read>).
490		1105
491	The callback is called each time some additional read data arrives.	1106	The callback is called each time some additional read data arrives.
492		1107
493	It must check wether enough data is in the read buffer already.	1108	It must check whether enough data is in the read buffer already.
494		1109
495	If not enough data is available, it must return the empty list or a false	1110	If not enough data is available, it must return the empty list or a false
496	value, in which case it will be called repeatedly until enough data is	1111	value, in which case it will be called repeatedly until enough data is
497	available (or an error condition is detected).	1112	available (or an error condition is detected).
498		1113
…		…
500	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1115	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
501	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1116	true, it will be removed from the queue.
502		1117
503	=cut	1118	=cut
504		1119
		1120	our %RH;
		1121
		1122	sub register_read_type($$) {
		1123	$RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
		1124	}
		1125
505	sub push_read {	1126	sub push_read {
506	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1127	my $self = shift;
		1128	my $cb = pop;
507		1129
		1130	if (@_) {
		1131	my $type = shift;
		1132
		1133	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
		1134	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1135	}
		1136
508	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1137	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
509	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1138	$self->_drain_rbuf;
510	}	1139	}
511		1140
512	sub unshift_read {	1141	sub unshift_read {
513	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1142	my $self = shift;
		1143	my $cb = pop;
514		1144
		1145	if (@_) {
		1146	my $type = shift;
		1147
		1148	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
		1149	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1150	}
		1151
		1152
515	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1153	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
516	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1154	$self->_drain_rbuf;
517	}	1155	}
518		1156
519	=item $handle->push_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1157	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
520		1158
521	=item $handle->unshift_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1159	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
522		1160
523	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_chunk>) or	1161	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
524	prepend it (C<unshift_read_chunk>).	1162	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
		1163	etc.
525		1164
526	The callback will be called only once C<$len> bytes have been read, and	1165	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
527	these C<$len> bytes will be passed to the callback.	1166	drop by and tell us):
528		1167
529	=cut	1168	=over 4
530		1169
531	sub _read_chunk($$) {	1170	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
		1171
		1172	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
		1173	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
		1174	data.
		1175
		1176	Example: read 2 bytes.
		1177
		1178	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
		1179	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];
		1180	});
		1181
		1182	=cut
		1183
		1184	register_read_type chunk => sub {
532	my ($self, $len, $cb) = @_;	1185	my ($self, $cb, $len) = @_;
533		1186
534	sub {	1187	sub {
535	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;	1188	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;
536	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1189	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
537	1	1190	1
538	}	1191	}
539	}	1192	};
540		1193
541	sub push_read_chunk {	1194	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
542	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_chunk);
543	}
544
545
546	sub unshift_read_chunk {
547	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_chunk);
548	}
549
550	=item $handle->push_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
551
552	=item $handle->unshift_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
553
554	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_line>) or
555	prepend it (C<unshift_read_line>).
556		1195
557	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1196	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
558	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1197	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
559	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1198	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
560	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).	1199	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
…		…
571	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are	1210	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are
572	not marked by the end of line marker.	1211	not marked by the end of line marker.
573		1212
574	=cut	1213	=cut
575		1214
576	sub _read_line($$) {	1215	register_read_type line => sub {
577	my $self = shift;	1216	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
578	my $cb = pop;
579	my $eol = @_ ? shift : qr|(\015?\012)|;
580	my $pos;
581		1217
		1218	if (@_ < 3) {
		1219	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1220	sub {
		1221	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1222
		1223	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1224	1
		1225	}
		1226	} else {
582	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1227	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
583	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1228	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
		1229
		1230	sub {
		1231	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
		1232
		1233	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1234	1
		1235	}
		1236	}
		1237	};
		1238
		1239	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
		1240
		1241	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
		1242	everything up to and including the match.
		1243
		1244	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
		1245
		1246	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
		1247
		1248	If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
		1249	to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
		1250	does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
		1251	useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
		1252	receive buffer overflow).
		1253
		1254	Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
		1255	anything else (not the use of an anchor).
		1256
		1257	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
		1258
		1259	If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
		1260	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
		1261	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
		1262	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
		1263	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
		1264	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
		1265	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
		1266
		1267	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
		1268	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use
		1269	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
		1270	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
		1271	required for the accept regex.
		1272
		1273	$handle->push_read (regex =>
		1274	qr<\015\012\015\012>,
		1275	undef, # no reject
		1276	qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
		1277	sub { ... });
		1278
		1279	=cut
		1280
		1281	register_read_type regex => sub {
		1282	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
		1283
		1284	my $data;
		1285	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
584		1286
585	sub {	1287	sub {
586	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1288	# accept
		1289	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
		1290	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1291	$cb->($self, $data);
		1292	return 1;
		1293	}
		1294
		1295	# reject
		1296	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
		1297	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1298	}
587		1299
588	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1300	# skip
		1301	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
		1302	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1303	}
		1304
		1305	()
		1306	}
		1307	};
		1308
		1309	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1310
		1311	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1312
		1313	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1314
		1315	=cut
		1316
		1317	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1318	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1319
		1320	sub {
		1321	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1322	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1323	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1324	}
		1325	return;
		1326	}
		1327
		1328	my $len = $1;
		1329
		1330	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1331	my $string = $_[1];
		1332	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1333	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1334	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1335	} else {
		1336	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1337	}
		1338	});
		1339	});
		1340
589	1	1341	1
590	}	1342	}
591	}	1343	};
592		1344
593	sub push_read_line {	1345	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
594	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_line);
595	}
596		1346
597	sub unshift_read_line {	1347	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
598	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_line);	1348	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
599	}	1349	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1350	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1351
		1352	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1353	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1354
		1355	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1356	format (very efficient).
		1357
		1358	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1359	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1360	});
		1361
		1362	=cut
		1363
		1364	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1365	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1366
		1367	sub {
		1368	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1369	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1370	or return;
		1371
		1372	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1373
		1374	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1375	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1376	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1377	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1378	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1379	} else {
		1380	# remove prefix
		1381	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1382
		1383	# read remaining chunk
		1384	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1385	}
		1386
		1387	1
		1388	}
		1389	};
		1390
		1391	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
		1392
		1393	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1394	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1395
		1396	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
		1397	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
		1398
		1399	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
		1400	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
		1401	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
		1402	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
		1403
		1404	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
		1405	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
		1406	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1407
		1408	=cut
		1409
		1410	register_read_type json => sub {
		1411	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1412
		1413	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1414	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1415	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
		1416
		1417	my $data;
		1418	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
		1419
		1420	sub {
		1421	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
		1422
		1423	if ($ref) {
		1424	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1425	$json->incr_text = "";
		1426	$cb->($self, $ref);
		1427
		1428	1
		1429	} elsif ($@) {
		1430	# error case
		1431	$json->incr_skip;
		1432
		1433	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1434	$json->incr_text = "";
		1435
		1436	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1437
		1438	()
		1439	} else {
		1440	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1441
		1442	()
		1443	}
		1444	}
		1445	};
		1446
		1447	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1448
		1449	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1450	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1451	data).
		1452
		1453	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1454
		1455	=cut
		1456
		1457	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1458	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1459
		1460	require Storable;
		1461
		1462	sub {
		1463	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1464	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1465	or return;
		1466
		1467	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1468
		1469	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1470	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1471	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1472	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1473	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1474	} else {
		1475	# remove prefix
		1476	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1477
		1478	# read remaining chunk
		1479	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1480	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1481	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1482	} else {
		1483	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1484	}
		1485	});
		1486	}
		1487
		1488	1
		1489	}
		1490	};
		1491
		1492	=back
		1493
		1494	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
		1495
		1496	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
		1497
		1498	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code
		1499	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining
		1500	arguments.
		1501
		1502	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)
		1503	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).
		1504
		1505	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to
		1506	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).
		1507
		1508	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		1509	global, so try to use unique names.
		1510
		1511	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,
		1512	search for C<register_read_type>)).
600		1513
601	=item $handle->stop_read	1514	=item $handle->stop_read
602		1515
603	=item $handle->start_read	1516	=item $handle->start_read
604		1517
605	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1518	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
606	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1519	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
607	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start readign again, call	1520	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
608	C<start_read>.	1521	C<start_read>.
		1522
		1523	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1524	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1525	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1526	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1527
		1528	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1529	half-duplex connections).
609		1530
610	=cut	1531	=cut
611		1532
612	sub stop_read {	1533	sub stop_read {
613	my ($self) = @_;	1534	my ($self) = @_;
614		1535
615	delete $self->{rw};	1536	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
616	}	1537	}
617		1538
618	sub start_read {	1539	sub start_read {
619	my ($self) = @_;	1540	my ($self) = @_;
620		1541
621	unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {	1542	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
622	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1543	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
623		1544
624	$self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1545	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
625	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1546	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
626	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1547	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
627		1548
628	if ($len > 0) {	1549	if ($len > 0) {
629	$self->{filter_r}	1550	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
630	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1551
		1552	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1553	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1554
		1555	&_dotls ($self);
		1556	} else {
631	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1557	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1558	}
632		1559
633	} elsif (defined $len) {	1560	} elsif (defined $len) {
634	delete $self->{rw};	1561	delete $self->{_rw};
635	$self->{eof} = 1;	1562	$self->{_eof} = 1;
636	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1563	$self->_drain_rbuf;
637		1564
638	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	1565	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
639	return $self->error;	1566	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
640	}	1567	}
641	});	1568	});
642	}	1569	}
643	}	1570	}
644		1571
		1572	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1573	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1574
		1575	sub _tls_error {
		1576	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1577
		1578	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1579	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1580
		1581	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1582
		1583	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1584	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1585
		1586	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1587	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1588	&_freetls;
		1589	} else {
		1590	&_freetls;
		1591	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1592	}
		1593	}
		1594
		1595	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1596	# also decode read data if possible
		1597	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1598	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1599	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
645	sub _dotls {	1600	sub _dotls {
646	my ($self) = @_;	1601	my ($self) = @_;
647		1602
		1603	my $tmp;
		1604
648	if (length $self->{tls_wbuf}) {	1605	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
649	my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{tls_wbuf});	1606	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
650	substr $self->{tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "" if $len > 0;	1607	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
651	}	1608	}
652		1609
		1610	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1611	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1612	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1613	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1614	}
		1615
653	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{tls_wbio}))) {	1616	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1617	unless (length $tmp) {
		1618	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1619	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1620	&_freetls;
		1621
		1622	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1623	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1624	return;
		1625	} else {
		1626	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1627	delete $self->{_rw};
		1628	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1629	}
		1630	}
		1631
		1632	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1633	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1634	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1635	}
		1636
		1637	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1638	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1639	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1640	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1641
		1642	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
654	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1643	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
655	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1644	$self->_drain_wbuf;
656	}	1645	}
657		1646
658	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1647	$self->{_on_starttls}
659	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1648	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
660	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1649	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
661	} elsif (	1650	}
662	(my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1))	1651
		1652	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
		1653
		1654	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
		1655	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
		1656	C<starttls>.
		1657
		1658	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1659	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1660	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1661
		1662	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
		1663	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
		1664
		1665	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
		1666	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1667	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1668	construct a new context.
		1669
		1670	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
		1671	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
		1672	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1673	when this function returns.
		1674
		1675	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1676	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1677	stopping TLS.
		1678
		1679	=cut
		1680
		1681	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1682
		1683	sub starttls {
		1684	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
		1685
		1686	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1687	if $self->{tls};
		1688
		1689	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1690	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1691
		1692	return unless $self->{fh};
		1693
		1694	require Net::SSLeay;
		1695
		1696	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
663	!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()	1697	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
664	) {	1698
665	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {	1699	$tls = $self->{tls};
666	$self->error;	1700	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
667	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {	1701
668	$! = &Errno::EIO;	1702	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
669	$self->error;	1703
		1704	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1705	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1706
		1707	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1708	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1709	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1710	} else {
		1711	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
670	}	1712	}
671		1713	}
672	# all others are fine for our purposes
673	}	1714
674	}	1715	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
		1716	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
675		1717
676	# TODO: maybe document...	1718	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
677	sub starttls {	1719	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
678	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1720	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
679		1721	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
680	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1722	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
681	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
682	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
683	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
684	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
685	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
686	}	1723	#
		1724	# in short: this is a mess.
		1725	#
		1726	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1727	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1728	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1729	# have identity issues in that area.
		1730	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
		1731	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
		1732	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1733	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
687		1734
688	$self->{tls} = $ssl;
689
690	$self->{tls_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1735	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
691	$self->{tls_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1736	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
692		1737
		1738	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1739
693	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{tls_rbio}, $self->{tls_wbio});	1740	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
694		1741
695	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1742	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
696	$_[0]{tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1743	if $self->{on_starttls};
		1744
		1745	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
		1746	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
		1747	}
		1748
		1749	=item $handle->stoptls
		1750
		1751	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
		1752	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1753	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1754	the stream afterwards.
		1755
		1756	=cut
		1757
		1758	sub stoptls {
		1759	my ($self) = @_;
		1760
		1761	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1762	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
		1763
697	&_dotls;	1764	&_dotls;
		1765
		1766	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
		1767	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
		1768	# &_freetls;#d#
		1769	}
		1770	}
		1771
		1772	sub _freetls {
		1773	my ($self) = @_;
		1774
		1775	return unless $self->{tls};
		1776
		1777	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1778	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1779
		1780	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		1781	}
		1782
		1783	sub DESTROY {
		1784	my ($self) = @_;
		1785
		1786	&_freetls;
		1787
		1788	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1789
		1790	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1791	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1792	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1793
		1794	my @linger;
		1795
		1796	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1797	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1798
		1799	if ($len > 0) {
		1800	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1801	} else {
		1802	@linger = (); # end
		1803	}
		1804	});
		1805	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1806	@linger = ();
		1807	});
		1808	}
		1809	}
		1810
		1811	=item $handle->destroy
		1812
		1813	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1814	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1815	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1816	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1817	empty list).
		1818
		1819	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1820	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1821	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1822	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1823	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1824	that case.
		1825
		1826	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1827	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1828	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1829	reference cycles.
		1830
		1831	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1832	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1833
		1834	=cut
		1835
		1836	sub destroy {
		1837	my ($self) = @_;
		1838
		1839	$self->DESTROY;
		1840	%$self = ();
		1841	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1842	}
		1843
		1844	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1845	#nop
		1846	}
		1847
		1848	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
		1849
		1850	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
		1851	for TLS mode.
		1852
		1853	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
		1854
		1855	=cut
		1856
		1857	our $TLS_CTX;
		1858
		1859	sub TLS_CTX() {
		1860	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
		1861	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1862
		1863	new AnyEvent::TLS
		1864	}
		1865	}
		1866
		1867	=back
		1868
		1869
		1870	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1871
		1872	=over 4
		1873
		1874	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1875	still get further invocations!
		1876
		1877	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1878	read or write callbacks.
		1879
		1880	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1881	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1882	->destroy >> method.
		1883
		1884	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1885	reading?
		1886
		1887	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1888	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1889	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1890	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1891
		1892	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1893	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1894	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1895
		1896	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1897	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1898	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1899	C<destroy> method.
		1900
		1901	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1902
		1903	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1904	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1905	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1906	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1907
		1908	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1909	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1910	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1911	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1912	});
		1913
		1914	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1915	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1916	fact, all data has been received.
		1917
		1918	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1919	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1920	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1921	explicit QUIT command.
		1922
		1923	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1924	all data has been written?
		1925
		1926	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1927	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1928	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1929	written to the socket:
		1930
		1931	$handle->push_write (...);
		1932	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1933	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1934	undef $handle;
		1935	});
		1936
		1937	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1938	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1939
		1940	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1941
		1942	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1943	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1944	parameter:
		1945
		1946	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1947	my ($fh) = @_;
		1948
		1949	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1950	fh => $fh,
		1951	tls => "connect",
		1952	on_error => sub { ... };
		1953
		1954	$handle->push_write (...);
698	};	1955	};
699	$self->{filter_r} = sub {
700	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{tls_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
701	&_dotls;
702	};
703	}
704		1956
705	sub DESTROY {	1957	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
706	my $self = shift;
707		1958
708	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1959	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
709	}	1960	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1961	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
710		1962
711	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1963	E.g. for HTTPS:
712		1964
713	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1965	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
714	default for TLS mode.	1966	my ($fh) = @_;
715		1967
716	The context is created like this:	1968	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1969	fh => $fh,
		1970	peername => $host,
		1971	tls => "connect",
		1972	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1973	...
717		1974
718	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;	1975	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
719	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;	1976	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
720	Net::SSLeay::randomize;	1977	peername verification will be done.
721		1978
722	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;	1979	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1980	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1981	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
723		1982
724	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL	1983	tls_ctx => {
		1984	verify => 1,
		1985	verify_peername => "https",
		1986	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1987	},
725		1988
726	=cut	1989	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
727		1990
728	our $TLS_CTX;	1991	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1992	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1993	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1994	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1995	nice program for that purpose).
729		1996
730	sub TLS_CTX() {	1997	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
731	$TLS_CTX || do {	1998	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
732	require Net::SSLeay;	1999	file should then look like this:
733		2000
734	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2001	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
735	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2002	...header data
736	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2003	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2004	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
737		2005
738	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2006	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2007	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2008	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
739		2009
740	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());	2010	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2011	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
741		2012
742	$TLS_CTX	2013	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
743	}	2014	my ($fh) = @_;
744	}	2015
		2016	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2017	fh => $fh,
		2018	tls => "accept",
		2019	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2020	...
		2021
		2022	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2023	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
745		2024
746	=back	2025	=back
747		2026
		2027
		2028	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
		2029
		2030	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
		2031
		2032	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
		2033	conventions:
		2034
		2035	=over 4
		2036
		2037	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
		2038
		2039	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
		2040	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
		2041	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
		2042
		2043	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
		2044
		2045	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
		2046	with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
		2047	for use for subclasses.
		2048
		2049	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
		2050	are free to use in subclasses.
		2051
		2052	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
		2053	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.
		2054
		2055	=back
		2056
748	=head1 AUTHOR	2057	=head1 AUTHOR
749		2058
750	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2059	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
751		2060
752	=cut	2061	=cut

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