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Revision 1.82 by root, Thu Aug 21 18:45:16 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.174 by root, Sat Aug 8 20:52:06 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;	16	our $VERSION = 4.91;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	50
		51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		53
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	62	argument.
60		63
61	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
62		65
63	=over 4	66	=over 4
64		67
65	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		69
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		71
69	=over 4	72	=over 4
70		73
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		75
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
		81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		82
		83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
		86
		87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
79		99
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
82	connection cleanly.	102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
83		105
84	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
85	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
86	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	108	timeout is to be used).
87	down.
88		109
89	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
90	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
91	waiting for data.
92		111
93	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
94	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
95		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
96	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
97		137
98	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
99	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
100	connect or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
101		141
102	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
103	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
104	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
105	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
106	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
107		154
108	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
109	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
110	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
111	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
112		159
113	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
114	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
115		163
116	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
117	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
118	C<croak>.	166	C<croak>.
119		167
…		…
123	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
124	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
125	read buffer).	173	read buffer).
126		174
127	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
128	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
129		179
130	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
131	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
132	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
133	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
134		205
135	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
136		207
137	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
138	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
148	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
149		220
150	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
151	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
152	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
153	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
154		225
155	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
156	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
157	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
158	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
159		231
160	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
161		233
162	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
163		235
…		…
167		239
168	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
169		241
170	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
171	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
172	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
173		245
174	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
175	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
176	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
177	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
178	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
179		251
180	=item autocork => <boolean>	252	=item autocork => <boolean>
181		253
182	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
183	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
184	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
185	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
186	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
187		260
188	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
189	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
190	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
191		265
192	=item no_delay => <boolean>	266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
193		267
194	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
195	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
196	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
197		271
198	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
199	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
200		274
201	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
202	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
203		277
204	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
205		279
206	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
207	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
208		283
209	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
210		285
211	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
212	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
213	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
214		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
215	=item linger => <seconds>	295	=item linger => <seconds>
216		296
217	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
218	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
219	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
220	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
221	outstanding data at socket close time).	301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
222		302
223	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
224	encoded. This data will be lost.	304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
225		316
226	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
227		318
228	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
229	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
230	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
231		325
232	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
233	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
234		330
235	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
236	connection, use C<connect> mode.	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		333	mode.
237		334
238	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
239	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
240	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
241	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
242		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
243	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
244		351
245	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
246		353
247	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
248	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
249	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
250		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
251	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
252		395
253	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
254		397
255	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
256	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
257		401
258	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
259	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
260		404
261	=item filter_r => $cb
262
263	=item filter_w => $cb
264
265	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
266
267	=back	405	=back
268		406
269	=cut	407	=cut
270		408
271	sub new {	409	sub new {
272	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
273
274	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
275		412
276	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
277		476
278	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
279
280	if ($self->{tls}) {
281	require Net::SSLeay;
282	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
283	}
284		478
285	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
286	$self->_timeout;	480	$self->_timeout;
287		481
288	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
289	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
290		483
		484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		485	if $self->{tls};
		486
		487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		488
291	$self->start_read	489	$self->start_read
292	if $self->{on_read};	490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
293		491
294	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
295	}	493	}
296		494
297	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
298	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
299		497	#
300	delete $self->{_tw};	498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
301	delete $self->{_rw};	499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
302	delete $self->{_ww};	500	#
303	delete $self->{fh};	501	# &_freetls;
304		502	#}
305	$self->stoptls;
306
307	delete $self->{on_read};
308	delete $self->{_queue};
309	}
310		503
311	sub _error {	504	sub _error {
312	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
313
314	$self->_shutdown
315	if $fatal;
316		506
317	$! = $errno;	507	$! = $errno;
		508	$message ||= "$!";
318		509
319	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
320	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
321	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
322	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
323	}	516	}
324	}	517	}
325		518
326	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
327		520
328	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
329		522
330	=cut	523	=cut
331		524
332	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
333		526
…		…
351	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
352	}	545	}
353		546
354	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
355		548
356	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
357	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
358	argument.	551	argument and method.
359		552
360	=cut	553	=cut
361		554
362	sub on_timeout {	555	sub on_timeout {
363	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
364	}	557	}
365		558
366	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
367		560
368	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
369	constructor argument).	562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
370		563
371	=cut	564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
372		569
373	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
374		571
375	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
376	the same name for details).	573	the same name for details).
…		…
380	sub no_delay {	577	sub no_delay {
381	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
382		579
383	eval {	580	eval {
384	local $SIG{__DIE__};	581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
385	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
386	};	584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		608
		609	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub rbuf_max {
		614	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
387	}	615	}
388		616
389	#############################################################################	617	#############################################################################
390		618
391	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	619	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
396		624
397	sub timeout {	625	sub timeout {
398	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	626	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
399		627
400	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	628	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;
		629	delete $self->{_tw};
401	$self->_timeout;	630	$self->_timeout;
402	}	631	}
403		632
404	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	633	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
405	# also check for time-outs	634	# also check for time-outs
406	sub _timeout {	635	sub _timeout {
407	my ($self) = @_;	636	my ($self) = @_;
408		637
409	if ($self->{timeout}) {	638	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
410	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	639	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
411		640
412	# when would the timeout trigger?	641	# when would the timeout trigger?
413	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	642	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
414		643
…		…
417	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	646	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
418		647
419	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	648	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
420	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	649	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
421	} else {	650	} else {
422	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	651	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
423	}	652	}
424		653
425	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	654	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
426	return unless $self->{timeout};	655	return unless $self->{timeout};
427		656
…		…
469	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	698	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
470		699
471	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	700	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
472		701
473	$cb->($self)	702	$cb->($self)
474	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	703	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
475	}	704	}
476		705
477	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	706	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
478		707
479	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	708	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
490	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	719	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
491		720
492	my $cb = sub {	721	my $cb = sub {
493	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	722	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
494		723
495	if ($len >= 0) {	724	if (defined $len) {
496	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	725	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
497		726
498	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	727	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
499		728
500	$self->{on_drain}($self)	729	$self->{on_drain}($self)
501	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	730	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
502	&& $self->{on_drain};	731	&& $self->{on_drain};
503		732
504	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	733	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
505	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	734	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
506	$self->_error ($!, 1);	735	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
530		759
531	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	760	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
532	->($self, @_);	761	->($self, @_);
533	}	762	}
534		763
535	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	764	if ($self->{tls}) {
536	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	765	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		766	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
537	} else {	767	} else {
538	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	768	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
539	$self->_drain_wbuf;	769	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
540	}	770	}
541	}	771	}
542		772
543	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	773	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
544		774
…		…
558	=cut	788	=cut
559		789
560	register_write_type netstring => sub {	790	register_write_type netstring => sub {
561	my ($self, $string) = @_;	791	my ($self, $string) = @_;
562		792
563	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	793	(length $string) . ":$string,"
564	};	794	};
565		795
566	=item packstring => $format, $data	796	=item packstring => $format, $data
567		797
568	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	798	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
633		863
634	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	864	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
635	};	865	};
636		866
637	=back	867	=back
		868
		869	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		870
		871	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		872	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		873	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		874	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		875	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		876
		877	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		878
		879	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		880	the peer.
		881
		882	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		883	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		884
		885	=cut
		886
		887	sub push_shutdown {
		888	my ($self) = @_;
		889
		890	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		891	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		892	}
638		893
639	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	894	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
640		895
641	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	896	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
642	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	897	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
736	=cut	991	=cut
737		992
738	sub _drain_rbuf {	993	sub _drain_rbuf {
739	my ($self) = @_;	994	my ($self) = @_;
740		995
		996	# avoid recursion
		997	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
741	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	998	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
742
743	if (
744	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
745	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
746	) {
747	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
748	}
749		999
750	while () {	1000	while () {
		1001	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1002	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1003	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1004	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1005
751	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1006	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
752		1007
753	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1008	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
754	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1009	unless ($cb->($self)) {
755	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1010	# no progress can be made
756	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1011	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
757	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1012	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
758	}	1013	if $self->{_eof};
759		1014
760	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1015	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
761	last;	1016	last;
762	}	1017	}
763	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1018	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
770	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1025	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
771	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1026	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
772	) {	1027	) {
773	# no further data will arrive	1028	# no further data will arrive
774	# so no progress can be made	1029	# so no progress can be made
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1030	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	if $self->{_eof};	1031	if $self->{_eof};
777		1032
778	last; # more data might arrive	1033	last; # more data might arrive
779	}	1034	}
780	} else {	1035	} else {
781	# read side becomes idle	1036	# read side becomes idle
782	delete $self->{_rw};	1037	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
783	last;	1038	last;
784	}	1039	}
785	}	1040	}
786		1041
787	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1042	if ($self->{_eof}) {
788	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1043	$self->{on_eof}
789	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1044	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
790	} else {	1045	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
791	$self->_error (0, 1);	1046
792	}	1047	return;
		1048	}
		1049
		1050	if (
		1051	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1052	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1053	) {
		1054	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
793	}	1055	}
794		1056
795	# may need to restart read watcher	1057	# may need to restart read watcher
796	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1058	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
797	$self->start_read	1059	$self->start_read
…		…
809		1071
810	sub on_read {	1072	sub on_read {
811	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1073	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
812		1074
813	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1075	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
814	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1076	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
815	}	1077	}
816		1078
817	=item $handle->rbuf	1079	=item $handle->rbuf
818		1080
819	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1081	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
820		1082
821	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1083	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
822	you want.	1084	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1085	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1086	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1087	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
823		1088
824	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1089	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
825	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1090	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
826	automatically manage the read buffer.	1091	automatically manage the read buffer.
827		1092
…		…
868	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1133	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
869	->($self, $cb, @_);	1134	->($self, $cb, @_);
870	}	1135	}
871		1136
872	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1137	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
873	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1138	$self->_drain_rbuf;
874	}	1139	}
875		1140
876	sub unshift_read {	1141	sub unshift_read {
877	my $self = shift;	1142	my $self = shift;
878	my $cb = pop;	1143	my $cb = pop;
…		…
884	->($self, $cb, @_);	1149	->($self, $cb, @_);
885	}	1150	}
886		1151
887		1152
888	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1153	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
889	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1154	$self->_drain_rbuf;
890	}	1155	}
891		1156
892	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1157	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
893		1158
894	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1159	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1027	return 1;	1292	return 1;
1028	}	1293	}
1029		1294
1030	# reject	1295	# reject
1031	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1296	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1032	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1297	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1033	}	1298	}
1034		1299
1035	# skip	1300	# skip
1036	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1301	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1037	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1302	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1053	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1318	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1054		1319
1055	sub {	1320	sub {
1056	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1321	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1057	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1322	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1058	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1323	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1059	}	1324	}
1060	return;	1325	return;
1061	}	1326	}
1062		1327
1063	my $len = $1;	1328	my $len = $1;
…		…
1066	my $string = $_[1];	1331	my $string = $_[1];
1067	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1332	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1068	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1333	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1069	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1334	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1070	} else {	1335	} else {
1071	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1336	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1072	}	1337	}
1073	});	1338	});
1074	});	1339	});
1075		1340
1076	1	1341	1
…		…
1082	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1347	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1083	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1348	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1084	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1349	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1085	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1350	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1086		1351
1087	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1352	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1353	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1088		1354
1089	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1355	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1090	format (very efficient).	1356	format (very efficient).
1091		1357
1092	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1358	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1122	}	1388	}
1123	};	1389	};
1124		1390
1125	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1391	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1126		1392
1127	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1393	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1394	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1128		1395
1129	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1396	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1130	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1397	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1131		1398
1132	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1399	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1141	=cut	1408	=cut
1142		1409
1143	register_read_type json => sub {	1410	register_read_type json => sub {
1144	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1411	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1145		1412
1146	require JSON;	1413	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1414	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1415	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1147		1416
1148	my $data;	1417	my $data;
1149	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1418	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1150		1419
1151	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1152
1153	sub {	1420	sub {
1154	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1421	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1155		1422
1156	if ($ref) {	1423	if ($ref) {
1157	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1424	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1158	$json->incr_text = "";	1425	$json->incr_text = "";
1159	$cb->($self, $ref);	1426	$cb->($self, $ref);
1160		1427
1161	1	1428	1
		1429	} elsif ($@) {
		1430	# error case
		1431	$json->incr_skip;
		1432
		1433	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1434	$json->incr_text = "";
		1435
		1436	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1437
		1438	()
1162	} else {	1439	} else {
1163	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1440	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1441
1164	()	1442	()
1165	}	1443	}
1166	}	1444	}
1167	};	1445	};
1168		1446
…		…
1200	# read remaining chunk	1478	# read remaining chunk
1201	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1479	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1202	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1480	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1203	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1481	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1204	} else {	1482	} else {
1205	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1483	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1206	}	1484	}
1207	});	1485	});
1208	}	1486	}
1209		1487
1210	1	1488	1
…		…
1245	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1523	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1246	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1524	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1247	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1525	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1248	there are any read requests in the queue.	1526	there are any read requests in the queue.
1249		1527
		1528	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1529	half-duplex connections).
		1530
1250	=cut	1531	=cut
1251		1532
1252	sub stop_read {	1533	sub stop_read {
1253	my ($self) = @_;	1534	my ($self) = @_;
1254		1535
1255	delete $self->{_rw};	1536	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1256	}	1537	}
1257		1538
1258	sub start_read {	1539	sub start_read {
1259	my ($self) = @_;	1540	my ($self) = @_;
1260		1541
1261	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1542	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1262	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1543	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1263		1544
1264	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1545	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1265	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1546	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1266	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1547	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1267		1548
1268	if ($len > 0) {	1549	if ($len > 0) {
1269	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1550	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1270		1551
1271	$self->{filter_r}	1552	if ($self->{tls}) {
1272	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1553	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1273	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1554
		1555	&_dotls ($self);
		1556	} else {
		1557	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1558	}
1274		1559
1275	} elsif (defined $len) {	1560	} elsif (defined $len) {
1276	delete $self->{_rw};	1561	delete $self->{_rw};
1277	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1562	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1278	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1563	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1279		1564
1280	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1565	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1281	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1566	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1282	}	1567	}
1283	});	1568	});
1284	}	1569	}
1285	}	1570	}
1286		1571
		1572	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1573	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1574
		1575	sub _tls_error {
		1576	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1577
		1578	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1579	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1580
		1581	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1582
		1583	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1584	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1585
		1586	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1587	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1588	&_freetls;
		1589	} else {
		1590	&_freetls;
		1591	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1592	}
		1593	}
		1594
		1595	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1596	# also decode read data if possible
		1597	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1598	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1599	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1287	sub _dotls {	1600	sub _dotls {
1288	my ($self) = @_;	1601	my ($self) = @_;
1289		1602
1290	my $buf;	1603	my $tmp;
1291		1604
1292	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1605	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1293	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1606	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1294	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1607	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1295	}	1608	}
1296	}
1297		1609
		1610	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1611	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1612	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1613	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1614	}
		1615
		1616	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1617	unless (length $tmp) {
		1618	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1619	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1620	&_freetls;
		1621
		1622	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1623	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1624	return;
		1625	} else {
		1626	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1627	delete $self->{_rw};
		1628	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1629	}
		1630	}
		1631
		1632	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1633	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1634	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1635	}
		1636
		1637	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1638	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1639	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1640	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1641
1298	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1642	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1299	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1643	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1300	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1644	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1301	}	1645	}
1302		1646
1303	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1647	$self->{_on_starttls}
1304	if (length $buf) {	1648	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1305	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1649	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1306	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1307	} else {
1308	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1309	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1310	$self->_shutdown;
1311	return;
1312	}
1313	}
1314
1315	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1316
1317	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1318	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1319	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1320	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1321	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1322	}
1323
1324	# all others are fine for our purposes
1325	}
1326	}	1650	}
1327		1651
1328	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1652	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1329		1653
1330	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1654	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1331	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1655	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1332	C<starttls>.	1656	C<starttls>.
1333		1657
		1658	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1659	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1660	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1661
1334	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1662	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1335	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1663	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1336		1664
1337	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1665	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1338	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1666	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1667	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1668	construct a new context.
1339		1669
1340	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1670	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1341	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1671	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1342	might have already started when this function returns.	1672	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1673	when this function returns.
1343		1674
		1675	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1676	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1677	stopping TLS.
		1678
1344	=cut	1679	=cut
		1680
		1681	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1345		1682
1346	sub starttls {	1683	sub starttls {
1347	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1684	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1348		1685
1349	$self->stoptls;	1686	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1687	if $self->{tls};
1350		1688
1351	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1689	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1352	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1690	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1353	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1691
1354	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1692	return unless $self->{fh};
1355	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1693
1356	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1694	require Net::SSLeay;
		1695
		1696	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1697	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1698
		1699	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1700	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1701
		1702	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1703
		1704	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1705	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1706
		1707	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1708	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1709	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1710	} else {
		1711	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1712	}
		1713	}
1357	}	1714
1358		1715	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1359	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1716	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1360		1717
1361	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1718	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1362	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1719	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1363	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1720	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1364	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1721	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1365	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1722	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1723	#
		1724	# in short: this is a mess.
		1725	#
		1726	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1727	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1728	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1729	# have identity issues in that area.
1366	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1730	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1367	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1731	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1368	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1732	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1733	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1369		1734
1370	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1735	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1371	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1736	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1372		1737
		1738	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1739
1373	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1740	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1374		1741
1375	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1742	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1376	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1743	if $self->{on_starttls};
1377	&_dotls;	1744
1378	};	1745	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1379	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1746	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1380	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1381	&_dotls;
1382	};
1383	}	1747	}
1384		1748
1385	=item $handle->stoptls	1749	=item $handle->stoptls
1386		1750
1387	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1751	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1388	lost.	1752	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1753	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1754	the stream afterwards.
1389		1755
1390	=cut	1756	=cut
1391		1757
1392	sub stoptls {	1758	sub stoptls {
1393	my ($self) = @_;	1759	my ($self) = @_;
1394		1760
1395	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1761	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1762	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1396		1763
1397	delete $self->{_rbio};	1764	&_dotls;
1398	delete $self->{_wbio};	1765
1399	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1766	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1400	delete $self->{filter_r};	1767	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1401	delete $self->{filter_w};	1768	# &_freetls;#d#
		1769	}
		1770	}
		1771
		1772	sub _freetls {
		1773	my ($self) = @_;
		1774
		1775	return unless $self->{tls};
		1776
		1777	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1778	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1779
		1780	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1402	}	1781	}
1403		1782
1404	sub DESTROY {	1783	sub DESTROY {
1405	my $self = shift;	1784	my ($self) = @_;
1406		1785
1407	$self->stoptls;	1786	&_freetls;
1408		1787
1409	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1788	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1410		1789
1411	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1790	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1412	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1791	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1413	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1792	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1414		1793
1415	my @linger;	1794	my @linger;
1416		1795
…		…
1427	@linger = ();	1806	@linger = ();
1428	});	1807	});
1429	}	1808	}
1430	}	1809	}
1431		1810
		1811	=item $handle->destroy
		1812
		1813	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1814	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1815	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1816	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1817	empty list).
		1818
		1819	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1820	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1821	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1822	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1823	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1824	that case.
		1825
		1826	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1827	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1828	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1829	reference cycles.
		1830
		1831	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1832	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1833
		1834	=cut
		1835
		1836	sub destroy {
		1837	my ($self) = @_;
		1838
		1839	$self->DESTROY;
		1840	%$self = ();
		1841	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1842	}
		1843
		1844	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1845	#nop
		1846	}
		1847
1432	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1848	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1433		1849
1434	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1850	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1435	default for TLS mode.	1851	for TLS mode.
1436		1852
1437	The context is created like this:	1853	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1438
1439	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1440	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1441	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1442
1443	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1444
1445	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1446		1854
1447	=cut	1855	=cut
1448		1856
1449	our $TLS_CTX;	1857	our $TLS_CTX;
1450		1858
1451	sub TLS_CTX() {	1859	sub TLS_CTX() {
1452	$TLS_CTX || do {	1860	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1453	require Net::SSLeay;	1861	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1454		1862
1455	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1863	new AnyEvent::TLS
1456	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1457	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1458
1459	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1460
1461	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1462
1463	$TLS_CTX
1464	}	1864	}
1465	}	1865	}
1466		1866
1467	=back	1867	=back
		1868
		1869
		1870	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1871
		1872	=over 4
		1873
		1874	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1875	still get further invocations!
		1876
		1877	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1878	read or write callbacks.
		1879
		1880	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1881	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1882	->destroy >> method.
		1883
		1884	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1885	reading?
		1886
		1887	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1888	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1889	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1890	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1891
		1892	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1893	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1894	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1895
		1896	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1897	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1898	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1899	C<destroy> method.
		1900
		1901	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1902
		1903	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1904	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1905	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1906	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1907
		1908	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1909	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1910	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1911	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1912	});
		1913
		1914	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1915	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1916	fact, all data has been received.
		1917
		1918	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1919	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1920	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1921	explicit QUIT command.
		1922
		1923	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1924	all data has been written?
		1925
		1926	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1927	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1928	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1929	written to the socket:
		1930
		1931	$handle->push_write (...);
		1932	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1933	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1934	undef $handle;
		1935	});
		1936
		1937	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1938	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1939
		1940	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1941
		1942	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1943	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1944	parameter:
		1945
		1946	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1947	my ($fh) = @_;
		1948
		1949	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1950	fh => $fh,
		1951	tls => "connect",
		1952	on_error => sub { ... };
		1953
		1954	$handle->push_write (...);
		1955	};
		1956
		1957	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1958
		1959	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1960	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1961	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1962
		1963	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1964
		1965	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1966	my ($fh) = @_;
		1967
		1968	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1969	fh => $fh,
		1970	peername => $host,
		1971	tls => "connect",
		1972	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1973	...
		1974
		1975	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1976	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1977	peername verification will be done.
		1978
		1979	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1980	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1981	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1982
		1983	tls_ctx => {
		1984	verify => 1,
		1985	verify_peername => "https",
		1986	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1987	},
		1988
		1989	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1990
		1991	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1992	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1993	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1994	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1995	nice program for that purpose).
		1996
		1997	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1998	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1999	file should then look like this:
		2000
		2001	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2002	...header data
		2003	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2004	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2005
		2006	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2007	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2008	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2009
		2010	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2011	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2012
		2013	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2014	my ($fh) = @_;
		2015
		2016	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2017	fh => $fh,
		2018	tls => "accept",
		2019	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2020	...
		2021
		2022	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2023	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2024
		2025	=back
		2026
1468		2027
1469	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2028	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1470		2029
1471	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2030	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1472		2031

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