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Revision 1.26 by root, Sat May 24 15:20:46 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.181 by root, Tue Sep 1 10:40:05 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util ();
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	This module is experimental.
18
19	=cut
20
21	our $VERSION = '0.04';
22		4
23	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
24		6
25	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
26	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
27		9
28	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
29		11
30	my $ae_fh = AnyEvent::Handle->new (fh => \*STDIN);	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
31
32	#TODO
33
34	# or use the constructor to pass the callback:
35
36	my $ae_fh2 =
37	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
38	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
39	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
40	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
41	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
42	#TODO	17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
43	);	19	);
44		20
45	$cv->wait;	21	# send some request line
		22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
		23
		24	# read the response line
		25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
		28	$cv->send;
		29	});
		30
		31	$cv->recv;
46		32
47	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
48		34
49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
52		40
53	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
54	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
55	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
56		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
57	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
58	argument.	49	argument.
59		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
60	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
61		66
62	=over 4	67	=over 4
63		68
64	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
65		70
66	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
67		72
68	=over 4	73	=over 4
69		74
70	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
71		76
72	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
73
74	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
75	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		80	that mode.
76		81
77	=item on_eof => $cb->($self)	82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
78		83
79	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
80		87
81	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
82	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
83	waiting for data.
84		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
85	=item on_error => $cb->($self)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
86		100
		101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
		106
		107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
		109	timeout is to be used).
		110
		111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		112
		113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
		137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		138
87	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
88	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
89	or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
90		142
91	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
92	called.	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		155
		156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
		157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
93		160
94	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
95	error (or C<ENOSPC> or C<EPIPE>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
96		164
97	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
98	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
99	die.	167	C<croak>.
100		168
101	=item on_read => $cb->($self)	169	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
102		170
103	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	171	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
104	and no read request is in the queue.	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		174	read buffer).
105		175
106	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
107	method or access the C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
108		180
109	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
110	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
111	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
112	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
113		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		206
114	=item on_drain => $cb->()	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
115		208
116	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
117	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
118		211
119	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	212	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
120		213
		214	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		215	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		216	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		219
		220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
		226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
		227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
		228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
		229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		237
		238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
		239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
		241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		242	restart the timeout.
		243
		244	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
		245
		246	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		247
		248	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		249	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		250	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
		251
121	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	252	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
122		253
123	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	254	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
124	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	255	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
125	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	256	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
126		257
127	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	258	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
128	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	259	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
129	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	260	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
130	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	261	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
131	isn't finished).	262	isn't finished).
132		263
		264	=item autocork => <boolean>
		265
		266	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		267	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		268	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		269	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		270	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		271	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		272
		273	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		274	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		275	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		276	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		277
		278	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		279
		280	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		281	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		282	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		283
		284	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		285	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		286
		287	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		288	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		289
133	=item read_size => <bytes>	290	=item read_size => <bytes>
134		291
135	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	292	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
136	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	293	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		294	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
137		295
138	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	296	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
139		297
140	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	298	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
141	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	299	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
142	considered empty.	300	considered empty.
143		301
		302	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		303	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		304	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		305	is good in almost all cases.
		306
		307	=item linger => <seconds>
		308
		309	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		310	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		311	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		312	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		313	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		314
		315	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		316	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		317	help.
		318
		319	=item peername => $string
		320
		321	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		322	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		323
		324	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		325	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		326	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		327	C<undef>.
		328
144	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	329	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
145		330
146	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	331	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
147	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	332	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
148	data.	333	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		334
		335	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		336	appropriate error message.
149		337
150	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	338	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
151	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	339	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		340	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		341	to add the dependency yourself.
152		342
153	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	343	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
154	connection, use C<connect> mode.	344	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		345	mode.
155		346
156	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	347	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
157	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	348	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
158	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	349	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
159	AnyEvent::Handle.	350	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		351	object.
160		352
		353	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		354	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		355	away.
		356
		357	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		358	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		359	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		360	segmentation fault.
		361
161	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	362	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
162		363
163	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	364	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
164		365
165	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	366	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
166	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	367	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
167	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	368	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
168		369
		370	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		371	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		372	new TLS context object.
		373
		374	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		375
		376	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		377	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		378	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		379
		380	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		381	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		382
		383	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		384	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		385
		386	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		387	called, as normal.
		388
		389	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		390	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		391	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		392
		393	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		394
		395	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		396	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		397	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		398	on the handle.
		399
		400	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		401	callback.
		402
		403	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		404	underlying handle signals EOF.
		405
		406	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
		407
		408	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
		409
		410	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		411	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		412	texts.
		413
		414	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
		415	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
		416
169	=back	417	=back
170		418
171	=cut	419	=cut
172		420
173	sub new {	421	sub new {
174	my $class = shift;	422	my $class = shift;
175
176	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	423	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
177		424
178	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	425	if ($self->{fh}) {
		426	$self->_start;
		427	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		428
		429	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		430	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		431
		432	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		433	unless exists $self->{peername};
		434
		435	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		436
		437	{
		438	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		439
		440	$self->{_connect} =
		441	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		442	$self->{connect}[0],
		443	$self->{connect}[1],
		444	sub {
		445	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		446
		447	if ($fh) {
		448	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		449
		450	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		451	$self->_start;
		452
		453	$self->{on_connect}
		454	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		455	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		456	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		457	&$retry;
		458	});
		459
		460	} else {
		461	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		462	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		463	$self->destroy;
		464	} else {
		465	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		466	}
		467	}
		468	},
		469	sub {
		470	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		471
		472	$self->{on_prepare}
		473	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		474	: ()
		475	}
		476	);
		477	}
		478
		479	} else {
		480	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		481	}
		482
		483	$self
		484	}
		485
		486	sub _start {
		487	my ($self) = @_;
179		488
180	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	489	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
181		490
182	if ($self->{tls}) {	491	$self->{_activity} =
183	require Net::SSLeay;	492	$self->{_ractivity} =
		493	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		494
		495	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		496	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout}) if $self->{rtimeout};
		497	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout}) if $self->{wtimeout};
		498
		499	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		500
184	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	501	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
185	}	502	if $self->{tls};
186		503
187	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
188	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
189	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	504	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
190	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
191		505
192	$self->start_read;	506	$self->start_read
		507	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
193		508
194	$self	509	$self->_drain_wbuf;
195	}	510	}
196		511
197	sub _shutdown {
198	my ($self) = @_;
199
200	delete $self->{rw};
201	delete $self->{ww};
202	delete $self->{fh};
203	}
204
205	sub error {	512	sub _error {
206	my ($self) = @_;	513	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
207		514
208	{	515	$! = $errno;
209	local $!;	516	$message ||= "$!";
210	$self->_shutdown;
211	}
212		517
213	if ($self->{on_error}) {	518	if ($self->{on_error}) {
214	$self->{on_error}($self);	519	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
215	} else {	520	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		521	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		522	$self->destroy;
216	die "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	523	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
217	}	524	}
218	}	525	}
219		526
220	=item $fh = $handle->fh	527	=item $fh = $handle->fh
221		528
222	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	529	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
223		530
224	=cut	531	=cut
225		532
226	sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} }	533	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
227		534
228	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)	535	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
229		536
230	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).	537	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
231		538
…		…
243		550
244	sub on_eof {	551	sub on_eof {
245	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	552	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
246	}	553	}
247		554
		555	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		556
		557	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
		558
		559	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
		560
		561	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		562	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		563	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		564
		565	=cut
		566
		567	# see below
		568
		569	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		570
		571	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		572	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		573
		574	=cut
		575
		576	sub autocork {
		577	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		578	}
		579
		580	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		581
		582	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		583	the same name for details).
		584
		585	=cut
		586
		587	sub no_delay {
		588	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		589
		590	eval {
		591	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		592	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		593	if $_[0]{fh};
		594	};
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		608
		609	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub on_starttls {
		614	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		615	}
		616
		617	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		618
		619	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		620
		621	=cut
		622
		623	sub rbuf_max {
		624	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		625	}
		626
		627	#############################################################################
		628
		629	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		630
		631	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		632
		633	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		634
		635	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		636
		637	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		638
		639	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		640
		641	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		642
		643	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		644
		645	These methods are cheap to call.
		646
		647	=cut
		648
		649	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		650	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		651	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		652	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		653	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		654	my $cb;
		655
		656	*$on_timeout = sub {
		657	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		658	};
		659
		660	*$timeout = sub {
		661	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
		662
		663	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
		664	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
		665	};
		666
		667	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		668	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		669	};
		670
		671	# main workhorse:
		672	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		673	# also check for time-outs
		674	$cb = sub {
		675	my ($self) = @_;
		676
		677	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
		678	my $NOW = AE::now;
		679
		680	# when would the timeout trigger?
		681	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
		682
		683	# now or in the past already?
		684	if ($after <= 0) {
		685	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
		686
		687	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
		688	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
		689	} else {
		690	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		691	}
		692
		693	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		694	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		695
		696	# calculate new after
		697	$after = $self->{$timeout};
		698	}
		699
		700	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		701	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		702
		703	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
		704	delete $self->{$tw};
		705	$cb->($self);
		706	};
		707	} else {
		708	delete $self->{$tw};
		709	}
		710	}
		711	}
		712
248	#############################################################################	713	#############################################################################
249		714
250	=back	715	=back
251		716
252	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	717	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
273	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	738	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
274		739
275	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	740	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
276		741
277	$cb->($self)	742	$cb->($self)
278	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	743	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
279	}	744	}
280		745
281	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	746	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
282		747
283	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	748	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
287	=cut	752	=cut
288		753
289	sub _drain_wbuf {	754	sub _drain_wbuf {
290	my ($self) = @_;	755	my ($self) = @_;
291		756
292	unless ($self->{ww}) {	757	if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		758
293	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	759	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		760
294	my $cb = sub {	761	my $cb = sub {
295	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	762	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
296		763
297	if ($len > 0) {	764	if (defined $len) {
298	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	765	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
299		766
		767	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		768
300	$self->{on_drain}($self)	769	$self->{on_drain}($self)
301	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	770	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
302	&& $self->{on_drain};	771	&& $self->{on_drain};
303		772
304	delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	773	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
305	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	774	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
306	$self->error;	775	$self->_error ($!, 1);
307	}	776	}
308	};	777	};
309		778
310	$self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb);	779	# try to write data immediately
		780	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
311		781
312	$cb->($self);	782	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
		783	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
		784	if length $self->{wbuf};
313	};	785	};
		786	}
		787
		788	our %WH;
		789
		790	sub register_write_type($$) {
		791	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
314	}	792	}
315		793
316	sub push_write {	794	sub push_write {
317	my $self = shift;	795	my $self = shift;
318		796
		797	if (@_ > 1) {
		798	my $type = shift;
		799
		800	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
		801	->($self, @_);
		802	}
		803
319	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	804	if ($self->{tls}) {
320	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	805	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		806	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
321	} else {	807	} else {
322	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	808	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
323	$self->_drain_wbuf;	809	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
324	}	810	}
325	}	811	}
		812
		813	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
		814
		815	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
		816	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
		817
		818	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
		819	drop by and tell us):
		820
		821	=over 4
		822
		823	=item netstring => $string
		824
		825	Formats the given value as netstring
		826	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
		827
		828	=cut
		829
		830	register_write_type netstring => sub {
		831	my ($self, $string) = @_;
		832
		833	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		834	};
		835
		836	=item packstring => $format, $data
		837
		838	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		839	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		840	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		841	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		842
		843	=cut
		844
		845	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		846	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		847
		848	pack "$format/a*", $string
		849	};
		850
		851	=item json => $array_or_hashref
		852
		853	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
		854	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
		855	in UTF-8.
		856
		857	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
		858	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
		859	additional framing.
		860
		861	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
		862	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
		863	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
		864
		865	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
		866	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
		867	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
		868	JSON text:
		869
		870	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		871	$handle->push_write ("\012");
		872
		873	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
		874	rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
		875
		876	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		877
		878	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
		879	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
		880
		881	=cut
		882
		883	sub json_coder() {
		884	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		885	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		886	}
		887
		888	register_write_type json => sub {
		889	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		890
		891	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
		892
		893	$json->encode ($ref)
		894	};
		895
		896	=item storable => $reference
		897
		898	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		899	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		900
		901	=cut
		902
		903	register_write_type storable => sub {
		904	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		905
		906	require Storable;
		907
		908	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		909	};
		910
		911	=back
		912
		913	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		914
		915	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		916	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		917	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		918	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		919	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		920
		921	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		922
		923	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		924	the peer.
		925
		926	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		927	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		928
		929	=cut
		930
		931	sub push_shutdown {
		932	my ($self) = @_;
		933
		934	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		935	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		936	}
		937
		938	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
		939
		940	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
		941	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
		942	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
		943
		944	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will
		945	be appended to the write buffer.
		946
		947	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		948	global, so try to use unique names.
		949
		950	=cut
326		951
327	#############################################################################	952	#############################################################################
328		953
329	=back	954	=back
330		955
…		…
337	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	962	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
338	a queue.	963	a queue.
339		964
340	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	965	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
341	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	966	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
342	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	967	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
343	or not.	968	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		969	partial message has been received so far).
344		970
345	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	971	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
346	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	972	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
347	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	973	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
348	below).	974	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
349		975
350	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	976	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
351	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	977	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
352		978
353	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	979	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
354	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	980	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
355		981
356	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	982	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
357	$handle->on_read (sub {	983	$handle->on_read (sub {
358	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	984	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
359	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	985	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
360	# header arrived, decode	986	# header arrived, decode
361	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	987	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
362		988
363	# now read the payload	989	# now read the payload
364	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	990	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
365	my $xml = $_[1];	991	my $xml = $_[1];
366	# handle xml	992	# handle xml
367	});	993	});
368	});	994	});
369	});	995	});
370		996
371	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	997	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
372	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	998	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
373	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	999	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
374	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1000	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
375	the callbacks:	1001	in the callbacks.
376		1002
377	# request one	1003	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1004	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1005	64-byte chunk callback.
		1006
		1007	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
378	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1008	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
379		1009
380	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1010	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
381	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	1011	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
382	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1012	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
383	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	1013	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
384	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	1014	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
385	# we don't do this in case we got an error	1015	# we don't do this in case we got an error
386	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	1016	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
387	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	1017	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
388	my $response = $_[1];	1018	my $response = $_[1];
389	...	1019	...
390	});	1020	});
391	}	1021	}
392	});	1022	});
393		1023
394	# request two	1024	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
395	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1025	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
396		1026
397	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1027	# simply read 64 bytes, always
398	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	1028	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
399	my $response = $_[1];	1029	my $response = $_[1];
400	...	1030	...
401	});	1031	});
402		1032
403	=over 4	1033	=over 4
404		1034
405	=cut	1035	=cut
406		1036
407	sub _drain_rbuf {	1037	sub _drain_rbuf {
408	my ($self) = @_;	1038	my ($self) = @_;
		1039
		1040	# avoid recursion
		1041	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1042	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1043
		1044	while () {
		1045	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1046	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1047	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1048	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1049
		1050	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1051
		1052	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1053	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1054	# no progress can be made
		1055	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1056	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1057	if $self->{_eof};
		1058
		1059	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1060	last;
		1061	}
		1062	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1063	last unless $len;
		1064
		1065	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1066
		1067	if (
		1068	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1069	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1070	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1071	) {
		1072	# no further data will arrive
		1073	# so no progress can be made
		1074	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1075	if $self->{_eof};
		1076
		1077	last; # more data might arrive
		1078	}
		1079	} else {
		1080	# read side becomes idle
		1081	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1082	last;
		1083	}
		1084	}
		1085
		1086	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1087	$self->{on_eof}
		1088	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1089	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1090
		1091	return;
		1092	}
409		1093
410	if (	1094	if (
411	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1095	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
412	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1096	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
413	) {	1097	) {
414	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;	1098	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
415	}	1099	}
416		1100
417	return if $self->{in_drain};	1101	# may need to restart read watcher
418	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1102	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
419		1103	$self->start_read
420	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1104	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
421	no strict 'refs';
422	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{queue} }) {
423	if (!$cb->($self)) {
424	if ($self->{eof}) {
425	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
426	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
427	}
428
429	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;
430	return;
431	}
432	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
433	$self->{on_read}($self);
434
435	if (
436	$self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
437	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
438	&& !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty
439	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
440	) {
441	# then no progress can be made
442	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
443	}
444	} else {
445	# read side becomes idle
446	delete $self->{rw};
447	return;
448	}
449	}
450
451	if ($self->{eof}) {
452	$self->_shutdown;
453	$self->{on_eof}($self)
454	if $self->{on_eof};
455	}	1105	}
456	}	1106	}
457		1107
458	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1108	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
459		1109
…		…
465		1115
466	sub on_read {	1116	sub on_read {
467	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1117	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
468		1118
469	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1119	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1120	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
470	}	1121	}
471		1122
472	=item $handle->rbuf	1123	=item $handle->rbuf
473		1124
474	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1125	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
475		1126
476	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1127	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
477	you want.	1128	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1129	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1130	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1131	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
478		1132
479	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1133	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
480	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1134	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
481	automatically manage the read buffer.	1135	automatically manage the read buffer.
482		1136
…		…
505	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1159	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
506	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1160	true, it will be removed from the queue.
507		1161
508	=cut	1162	=cut
509		1163
		1164	our %RH;
		1165
		1166	sub register_read_type($$) {
		1167	$RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
		1168	}
		1169
510	sub push_read {	1170	sub push_read {
511	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1171	my $self = shift;
		1172	my $cb = pop;
512		1173
		1174	if (@_) {
		1175	my $type = shift;
		1176
		1177	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
		1178	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1179	}
		1180
513	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1181	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
514	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1182	$self->_drain_rbuf;
515	}	1183	}
516		1184
517	sub unshift_read {	1185	sub unshift_read {
518	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1186	my $self = shift;
		1187	my $cb = pop;
519		1188
		1189	if (@_) {
		1190	my $type = shift;
		1191
		1192	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
		1193	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1194	}
		1195
520	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1196	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
521	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1197	$self->_drain_rbuf;
522	}	1198	}
523		1199
524	=item $handle->push_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1200	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
525		1201
526	=item $handle->unshift_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1202	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
527		1203
528	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_chunk>) or	1204	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
529	prepend it (C<unshift_read_chunk>).	1205	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
		1206	etc.
530		1207
531	The callback will be called only once C<$len> bytes have been read, and	1208	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
532	these C<$len> bytes will be passed to the callback.	1209	drop by and tell us):
533		1210
534	=cut	1211	=over 4
535		1212
536	sub _read_chunk($$) {	1213	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
		1214
		1215	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
		1216	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
		1217	data.
		1218
		1219	Example: read 2 bytes.
		1220
		1221	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
		1222	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];
		1223	});
		1224
		1225	=cut
		1226
		1227	register_read_type chunk => sub {
537	my ($self, $len, $cb) = @_;	1228	my ($self, $cb, $len) = @_;
538		1229
539	sub {	1230	sub {
540	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;	1231	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;
541	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1232	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
542	1	1233	1
543	}	1234	}
544	}	1235	};
545		1236
546	sub push_read_chunk {	1237	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
547	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_chunk);
548	}
549
550
551	sub unshift_read_chunk {
552	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_chunk);
553	}
554
555	=item $handle->push_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
556
557	=item $handle->unshift_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
558
559	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_line>) or
560	prepend it (C<unshift_read_line>).
561		1238
562	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1239	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
563	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1240	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
564	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1241	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
565	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).	1242	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
…		…
576	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are	1253	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are
577	not marked by the end of line marker.	1254	not marked by the end of line marker.
578		1255
579	=cut	1256	=cut
580		1257
581	sub _read_line($$) {	1258	register_read_type line => sub {
582	my $self = shift;	1259	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
583	my $cb = pop;
584	my $eol = @_ ? shift : qr|(\015?\012)|;
585	my $pos;
586		1260
		1261	if (@_ < 3) {
		1262	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1263	sub {
		1264	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1265
		1266	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1267	1
		1268	}
		1269	} else {
587	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1270	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
588	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1271	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
		1272
		1273	sub {
		1274	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
		1275
		1276	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1277	1
		1278	}
		1279	}
		1280	};
		1281
		1282	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
		1283
		1284	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
		1285	everything up to and including the match.
		1286
		1287	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
		1288
		1289	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
		1290
		1291	If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
		1292	to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
		1293	does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
		1294	useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
		1295	receive buffer overflow).
		1296
		1297	Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
		1298	anything else (not the use of an anchor).
		1299
		1300	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
		1301
		1302	If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
		1303	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
		1304	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
		1305	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
		1306	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
		1307	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
		1308	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
		1309
		1310	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
		1311	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use
		1312	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
		1313	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
		1314	required for the accept regex.
		1315
		1316	$handle->push_read (regex =>
		1317	qr<\015\012\015\012>,
		1318	undef, # no reject
		1319	qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
		1320	sub { ... });
		1321
		1322	=cut
		1323
		1324	register_read_type regex => sub {
		1325	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
		1326
		1327	my $data;
		1328	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
589		1329
590	sub {	1330	sub {
591	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1331	# accept
		1332	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
		1333	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1334	$cb->($self, $data);
		1335	return 1;
		1336	}
		1337
		1338	# reject
		1339	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
		1340	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1341	}
592		1342
593	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1343	# skip
		1344	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
		1345	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1346	}
		1347
		1348	()
		1349	}
		1350	};
		1351
		1352	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1353
		1354	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1355
		1356	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1357
		1358	=cut
		1359
		1360	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1361	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1362
		1363	sub {
		1364	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1365	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1366	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1367	}
		1368	return;
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	my $len = $1;
		1372
		1373	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1374	my $string = $_[1];
		1375	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1376	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1377	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1378	} else {
		1379	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1380	}
		1381	});
		1382	});
		1383
594	1	1384	1
595	}	1385	}
596	}	1386	};
597		1387
598	sub push_read_line {	1388	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
599	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_line);
600	}
601		1389
602	sub unshift_read_line {	1390	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
603	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_line);	1391	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
604	}	1392	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1393	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1394
		1395	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1396	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1397
		1398	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1399	format (very efficient).
		1400
		1401	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1402	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1403	});
		1404
		1405	=cut
		1406
		1407	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1408	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1409
		1410	sub {
		1411	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1412	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1413	or return;
		1414
		1415	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1416
		1417	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1418	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1419	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1420	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1421	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1422	} else {
		1423	# remove prefix
		1424	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1425
		1426	# read remaining chunk
		1427	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1428	}
		1429
		1430	1
		1431	}
		1432	};
		1433
		1434	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
		1435
		1436	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1437	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1438
		1439	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
		1440	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
		1441
		1442	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
		1443	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
		1444	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
		1445	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
		1446
		1447	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
		1448	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
		1449	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1450
		1451	=cut
		1452
		1453	register_read_type json => sub {
		1454	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1455
		1456	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
		1457
		1458	my $data;
		1459	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
		1460
		1461	sub {
		1462	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
		1463
		1464	if ($ref) {
		1465	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1466	$json->incr_text = "";
		1467	$cb->($self, $ref);
		1468
		1469	1
		1470	} elsif ($@) {
		1471	# error case
		1472	$json->incr_skip;
		1473
		1474	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1475	$json->incr_text = "";
		1476
		1477	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1478
		1479	()
		1480	} else {
		1481	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1482
		1483	()
		1484	}
		1485	}
		1486	};
		1487
		1488	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1489
		1490	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1491	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1492	data).
		1493
		1494	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1495
		1496	=cut
		1497
		1498	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1499	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1500
		1501	require Storable;
		1502
		1503	sub {
		1504	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1505	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1506	or return;
		1507
		1508	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1509
		1510	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1511	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1512	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1513	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1514	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1515	} else {
		1516	# remove prefix
		1517	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1518
		1519	# read remaining chunk
		1520	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1521	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1522	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1523	} else {
		1524	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1525	}
		1526	});
		1527	}
		1528
		1529	1
		1530	}
		1531	};
		1532
		1533	=back
		1534
		1535	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
		1536
		1537	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
		1538
		1539	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code
		1540	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining
		1541	arguments.
		1542
		1543	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)
		1544	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).
		1545
		1546	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to
		1547	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).
		1548
		1549	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		1550	global, so try to use unique names.
		1551
		1552	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,
		1553	search for C<register_read_type>)).
605		1554
606	=item $handle->stop_read	1555	=item $handle->stop_read
607		1556
608	=item $handle->start_read	1557	=item $handle->start_read
609		1558
610	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1559	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
611	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1560	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
612	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1561	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
613	C<start_read>.	1562	C<start_read>.
614		1563
		1564	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1565	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1566	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1567	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1568
		1569	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1570	half-duplex connections).
		1571
615	=cut	1572	=cut
616		1573
617	sub stop_read {	1574	sub stop_read {
618	my ($self) = @_;	1575	my ($self) = @_;
619		1576
620	delete $self->{rw};	1577	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
621	}	1578	}
622		1579
623	sub start_read {	1580	sub start_read {
624	my ($self) = @_;	1581	my ($self) = @_;
625		1582
626	unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {	1583	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
627	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1584	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
628		1585
629	$self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1586	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
630	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1587	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
631	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1588	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
632		1589
633	if ($len > 0) {	1590	if ($len > 0) {
634	$self->{filter_r}	1591	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
635	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1592
		1593	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1594	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1595
		1596	&_dotls ($self);
		1597	} else {
636	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1598	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1599	}
637		1600
638	} elsif (defined $len) {	1601	} elsif (defined $len) {
639	delete $self->{rw};	1602	delete $self->{_rw};
640	$self->{eof} = 1;	1603	$self->{_eof} = 1;
641	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1604	$self->_drain_rbuf;
642		1605
643	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	1606	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
644	return $self->error;	1607	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
645	}	1608	}
646	});	1609	};
647	}	1610	}
648	}	1611	}
649		1612
		1613	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1614	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1615
		1616	sub _tls_error {
		1617	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1618
		1619	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1620	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1621
		1622	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1623
		1624	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1625	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1626
		1627	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1628	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1629	&_freetls;
		1630	} else {
		1631	&_freetls;
		1632	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1633	}
		1634	}
		1635
		1636	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1637	# also decode read data if possible
		1638	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1639	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1640	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
650	sub _dotls {	1641	sub _dotls {
651	my ($self) = @_;	1642	my ($self) = @_;
652		1643
		1644	my $tmp;
		1645
653	if (length $self->{tls_wbuf}) {	1646	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
654	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1647	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
655	substr $self->{tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1648	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
656	}	1649	}
657	}
658		1650
		1651	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1652	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1653	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1654	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1655	}
		1656
659	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{tls_wbio}))) {	1657	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1658	unless (length $tmp) {
		1659	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1660	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1661	&_freetls;
		1662
		1663	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1664	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1665	return;
		1666	} else {
		1667	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1668	delete $self->{_rw};
		1669	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1670	}
		1671	}
		1672
		1673	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1674	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1675	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1676	}
		1677
		1678	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1679	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1680	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1681	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1682
		1683	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
660	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1684	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
661	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1685	$self->_drain_wbuf;
662	}	1686	}
663		1687
664	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1688	$self->{_on_starttls}
665	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1689	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
666	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1690	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
667	}
668
669	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
670
671	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
672	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
673	$self->error;
674	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
675	$! = &Errno::EIO;
676	$self->error;
677	}
678
679	# all others are fine for our purposes
680	}
681	}	1691	}
682		1692
683	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1693	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
684		1694
685	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1695	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
686	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1696	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
687	C<starttls>.	1697	C<starttls>.
688		1698
		1699	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1700	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1701	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1702
689	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1703	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
690	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1704	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
691		1705
692	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1706	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
693	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1707	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1708	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1709	construct a new context.
694		1710
695	=cut	1711	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
		1712	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
		1713	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1714	when this function returns.
696		1715
697	# TODO: maybe document...	1716	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1717	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1718	stopping TLS.
		1719
		1720	=cut
		1721
		1722	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1723
698	sub starttls {	1724	sub starttls {
699	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1725	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
700		1726
701	$self->stoptls;	1727	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1728	if $self->{tls};
702		1729
703	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1730	$self->{tls} = $tls;
704	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1731	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
705	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1732
706	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1733	return unless $self->{fh};
707	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1734
708	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1735	require Net::SSLeay;
		1736
		1737	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1738	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1739
		1740	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1741	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1742
		1743	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1744
		1745	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1746	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1747
		1748	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1749	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1750	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1751	} else {
		1752	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1753	}
		1754	}
709	}	1755
710		1756	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
711	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1757	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
712		1758
713	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1759	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
714	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1760	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
715	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1761	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
716	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1762	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
		1763	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1764	#
		1765	# in short: this is a mess.
		1766	#
		1767	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1768	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1769	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1770	# have identity issues in that area.
717	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1771	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
718	(eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1772	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
719	| (eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1773	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1774	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
720		1775
721	$self->{tls_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1776	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
722	$self->{tls_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1777	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
723		1778
		1779	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1780
724	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{tls_rbio}, $self->{tls_wbio});	1781	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
725		1782
726	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1783	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
727	$_[0]{tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1784	if $self->{on_starttls};
728	&_dotls;	1785
729	};	1786	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
730	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1787	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
731	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{tls_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
732	&_dotls;
733	};
734	}	1788	}
735		1789
736	=item $handle->stoptls	1790	=item $handle->stoptls
737		1791
738	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1792	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
739	lost.	1793	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1794	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1795	the stream afterwards.
740		1796
741	=cut	1797	=cut
742		1798
743	sub stoptls {	1799	sub stoptls {
744	my ($self) = @_;	1800	my ($self) = @_;
745		1801
746	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1802	if ($self->{tls}) {
747	delete $self->{tls_rbio};	1803	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
748	delete $self->{tls_wbio};	1804
749	delete $self->{tls_wbuf};	1805	&_dotls;
750	delete $self->{filter_r};	1806
751	delete $self->{filter_w};	1807	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
		1808	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
		1809	# &_freetls;#d#
		1810	}
		1811	}
		1812
		1813	sub _freetls {
		1814	my ($self) = @_;
		1815
		1816	return unless $self->{tls};
		1817
		1818	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1819	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1820
		1821	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
752	}	1822	}
753		1823
754	sub DESTROY {	1824	sub DESTROY {
755	my $self = shift;	1825	my ($self) = @_;
756		1826
757	$self->stoptls;	1827	&_freetls;
		1828
		1829	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1830
		1831	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1832	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1833	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1834
		1835	my @linger;
		1836
		1837	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		1838	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1839
		1840	if ($len > 0) {
		1841	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1842	} else {
		1843	@linger = (); # end
		1844	}
		1845	};
		1846	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		1847	@linger = ();
		1848	};
		1849	}
		1850	}
		1851
		1852	=item $handle->destroy
		1853
		1854	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1855	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1856	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1857	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1858	empty list).
		1859
		1860	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1861	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1862	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1863	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1864	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1865	that case.
		1866
		1867	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1868	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1869	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1870	reference cycles.
		1871
		1872	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1873	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1874
		1875	=cut
		1876
		1877	sub destroy {
		1878	my ($self) = @_;
		1879
		1880	$self->DESTROY;
		1881	%$self = ();
		1882	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1883	}
		1884
		1885	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1886	#nop
758	}	1887	}
759		1888
760	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1889	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
761		1890
762	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1891	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
763	default for TLS mode.	1892	for TLS mode.
764		1893
765	The context is created like this:	1894	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
766
767	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
768	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
769	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
770
771	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
772
773	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
774		1895
775	=cut	1896	=cut
776		1897
777	our $TLS_CTX;	1898	our $TLS_CTX;
778		1899
779	sub TLS_CTX() {	1900	sub TLS_CTX() {
780	$TLS_CTX || do {	1901	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
781	require Net::SSLeay;	1902	require AnyEvent::TLS;
782		1903
783	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1904	new AnyEvent::TLS
784	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
785	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
786
787	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
788
789	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
790
791	$TLS_CTX
792	}	1905	}
793	}	1906	}
794		1907
795	=back	1908	=back
796		1909
		1910
		1911	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1912
		1913	=over 4
		1914
		1915	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1916	still get further invocations!
		1917
		1918	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1919	read or write callbacks.
		1920
		1921	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1922	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1923	->destroy >> method.
		1924
		1925	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1926	reading?
		1927
		1928	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1929	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1930	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1931	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1932
		1933	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1934	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1935	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1936
		1937	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1938	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1939	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1940	C<destroy> method.
		1941
		1942	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1943
		1944	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1945	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1946	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1947	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1948
		1949	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1950	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1951	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1952	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1953	});
		1954
		1955	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1956	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1957	fact, all data has been received.
		1958
		1959	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1960	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1961	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1962	explicit QUIT command.
		1963
		1964	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1965	all data has been written?
		1966
		1967	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1968	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1969	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1970	written to the socket:
		1971
		1972	$handle->push_write (...);
		1973	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1974	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1975	undef $handle;
		1976	});
		1977
		1978	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1979	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1980
		1981	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1982
		1983	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1984	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1985	parameter:
		1986
		1987	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1988	my ($fh) = @_;
		1989
		1990	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1991	fh => $fh,
		1992	tls => "connect",
		1993	on_error => sub { ... };
		1994
		1995	$handle->push_write (...);
		1996	};
		1997
		1998	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1999
		2000	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2001	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2002	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2003
		2004	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2005
		2006	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2007	my ($fh) = @_;
		2008
		2009	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2010	fh => $fh,
		2011	peername => $host,
		2012	tls => "connect",
		2013	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2014	...
		2015
		2016	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2017	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2018	peername verification will be done.
		2019
		2020	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2021	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2022	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2023
		2024	tls_ctx => {
		2025	verify => 1,
		2026	verify_peername => "https",
		2027	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2028	},
		2029
		2030	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2031
		2032	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2033	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2034	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2035	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2036	nice program for that purpose).
		2037
		2038	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2039	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2040	file should then look like this:
		2041
		2042	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2043	...header data
		2044	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2045	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2046
		2047	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2048	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2049	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2050
		2051	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2052	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2053
		2054	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2055	my ($fh) = @_;
		2056
		2057	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2058	fh => $fh,
		2059	tls => "accept",
		2060	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2061	...
		2062
		2063	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2064	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2065
		2066	=back
		2067
		2068
		2069	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
		2070
		2071	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
		2072
		2073	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
		2074	conventions:
		2075
		2076	=over 4
		2077
		2078	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
		2079
		2080	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
		2081	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
		2082	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
		2083
		2084	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
		2085
		2086	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
		2087	with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
		2088	for use for subclasses.
		2089
		2090	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
		2091	are free to use in subclasses.
		2092
		2093	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
		2094	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.
		2095
		2096	=back
		2097
797	=head1 AUTHOR	2098	=head1 AUTHOR
798		2099
799	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2100	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
800		2101
801	=cut	2102	=cut

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