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Revision 1.54 by root, Tue Jun 3 09:02:46 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.185 by root, Thu Sep 3 19:48:27 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.12;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
61	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
62		81
63	=over 4	82	=over 4
64		83
65	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		85
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		87
69	=over 4	88	=over 4
70		89
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		91
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		95	that mode.
77		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
79		115
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
82	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
83		121
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
86	waiting for data.	124	timeout is to be used).
87		125
		126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		127
		128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		129
		130	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		134	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		135	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		136	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		137	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		138
		139	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		140
		141	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		142
		143	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		144	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		145	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		146
		147	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		148	fatal error instead.
		149
		150	=back
		151
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	152	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		153
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	154	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	155	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	156	connect or a read error.
93		157
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	158	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	159	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		160	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		161	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		162	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		163	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		164	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		165
		166	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		167	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		168	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		169	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		170
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	171	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	172	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	173	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		174	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		175
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	176	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	177	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		178	C<EPROTO>).
102		179
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	180	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	181	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	182	C<croak>.
106		183
107	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	184	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108		185
109	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	186	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110	and no read request is in the queue.	187	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		188	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		189	read buffer).
111		190
112	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	191	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	192	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		193	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		194	the beginning from it.
114		195
115	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	196	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
116	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	197	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
117	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	198	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
118	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	199	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
119		200
		201	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		202	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		203	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		204	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		205
		206	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		207
		208	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		209	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		210	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		211	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		212	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		213
		214	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		215	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		216	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		217	down.
		218
		219	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		220	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		221
120	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	222	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
121		223
122	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	224	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	225	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124		226
125	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	227	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
126		228
		229	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		230	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		231	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		232	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		233	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		234
127	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	235	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128		236
		237	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		238
		239	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		240
129	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	241	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
130	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	242	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
131	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	243	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
132	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	244	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		245	error will be raised).
		246
		247	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		248	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		249	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		250	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		251	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
133		252
134	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	253	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	254	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	255	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	256	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		257	restart the timeout.
138		258
139	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	259	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140		260
141	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	261	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142		262
…		…
146		266
147	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	267	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148		268
149	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	269	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	270	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	271	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152		272
153	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	273	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	274	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	275	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	276	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157	isn't finished).	277	isn't finished).
158		278
		279	=item autocork => <boolean>
		280
		281	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		282	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		283	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		284	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		285	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		286	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		287
		288	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		289	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		290	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		291	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		292
		293	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		294
		295	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		296	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		297	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		298
		299	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		300	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		301
		302	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		303	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		304
		305	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		306
		307	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		308	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		309	conenctions, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		310	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		311	TCP connections whent he other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		312	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		313	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		314	to 15 minutes later.
		315
		316	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		317	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		318	is usually a good idea.
		319
		320	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		321
		322	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		323	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		324	implements it slightly differently.
		325
		326	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		327	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		328	putting it into the stream.
		329
		330	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		331	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		332	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		333	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		334	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		335	from most attacks.
		336
159	=item read_size => <bytes>	337	=item read_size => <bytes>
160		338
161	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	339	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	340	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		341	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163		342
164	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	343	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165		344
166	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	345	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	346	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168	considered empty.	347	considered empty.
169		348
		349	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		350	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		351	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		352	is good in almost all cases.
		353
		354	=item linger => <seconds>
		355
		356	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		357	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		358	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		359	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		360	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		361
		362	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		363	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		364	help.
		365
		366	=item peername => $string
		367
		368	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		369	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		370
		371	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		372	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		373	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		374	C<undef>.
		375
170	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	376	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171		377
172	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	378	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	379	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174	data.	380	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		381
		382	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		383	appropriate error message.
175		384
176	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	385	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	386	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		387	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		388	to add the dependency yourself.
178		389
179	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	390	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180	connection, use C<connect> mode.	391	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		392	mode.
181		393
182	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	394	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	395	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	396	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185	AnyEvent::Handle.	397	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		398	object.
186		399
		400	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		401	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		402	away.
		403
		404	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		405	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		406	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		407	segmentation fault.
		408
187	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	409	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188		410
189	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	411	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
190		412
191	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	413	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
192	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	414	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	415	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194		416
		417	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		418	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		419	new TLS context object.
		420
		421	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		422
		423	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		424	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		425	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		426
		427	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		428	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		429
		430	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		431	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		432
		433	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		434	called, as normal.
		435
		436	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		437	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		438	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		439
		440	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		441
		442	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		443	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		444	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		445	on the handle.
		446
		447	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		448	callback.
		449
		450	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		451	underlying handle signals EOF.
		452
195	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	453	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196		454
197	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	455	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198		456
199	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	457	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	458	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		459	texts.
201		460
202	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	461	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	462	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204		463
205	=item filter_r => $cb
206
207	=item filter_w => $cb
208
209	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
210
211	=back	464	=back
212		465
213	=cut	466	=cut
214		467
215	sub new {	468	sub new {
216	my $class = shift;	469	my $class = shift;
217
218	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	470	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
219		471
220	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	472	if ($self->{fh}) {
		473	$self->_start;
		474	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		475
		476	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		477	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		478
		479	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		480	unless exists $self->{peername};
		481
		482	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		483
		484	{
		485	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		486
		487	$self->{_connect} =
		488	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		489	$self->{connect}[0],
		490	$self->{connect}[1],
		491	sub {
		492	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		493
		494	if ($fh) {
		495	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		496
		497	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		498	$self->_start;
		499
		500	$self->{on_connect}
		501	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		502	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		503	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		504	&$retry;
		505	});
		506
		507	} else {
		508	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		509	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		510	$self->destroy;
		511	} else {
		512	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		513	}
		514	}
		515	},
		516	sub {
		517	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		518
		519	$self->{on_prepare}
		520	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		521	: ()
		522	}
		523	);
		524	}
		525
		526	} else {
		527	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		528	}
		529
		530	$self
		531	}
		532
		533	sub _start {
		534	my ($self) = @_;
221		535
222	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	536	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
223		537
224	if ($self->{tls}) {	538	$self->{_activity} =
225	require Net::SSLeay;	539	$self->{_ractivity} =
		540	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		541
		542	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		543	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		544	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		545
		546	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		547	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		548
		549	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		550
226	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	551	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
227	}	552	if $self->{tls};
228		553
229	# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
230	# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
231	# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
232	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	554	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233		555
234	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
235	$self->_timeout;
236
237	$self->start_read;	556	$self->start_read
		557	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
238		558
239	$self	559	$self->_drain_wbuf;
240	}
241
242	sub _shutdown {
243	my ($self) = @_;
244
245	delete $self->{_tw};
246	delete $self->{_rw};
247	delete $self->{_ww};
248	delete $self->{fh};
249
250	$self->stoptls;
251	}	560	}
252		561
253	sub _error {	562	sub _error {
254	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	563	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
255
256	$self->_shutdown
257	if $fatal;
258		564
259	$! = $errno;	565	$! = $errno;
		566	$message ||= "$!";
260		567
261	if ($self->{on_error}) {	568	if ($self->{on_error}) {
262	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	569	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
263	} else {	570	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		571	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		572	$self->destroy;
264	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	573	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
265	}	574	}
266	}	575	}
267		576
268	=item $fh = $handle->fh	577	=item $fh = $handle->fh
269		578
270	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	579	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
271		580
272	=cut	581	=cut
273		582
274	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	583	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
275		584
…		…
293	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	602	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
294	}	603	}
295		604
296	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	605	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
297		606
298	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	607	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
299	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
300	argument.
301		608
302	=cut	609	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
303		610
304	sub on_timeout {	611	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		612	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		613	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		614
		615	=cut
		616
		617	# see below
		618
		619	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		620
		621	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		622	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		623
		624	=cut
		625
		626	sub autocork {
		627	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		628	}
		629
		630	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		631
		632	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		633	the same name for details).
		634
		635	=cut
		636
		637	sub no_delay {
		638	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		639
		640	eval {
		641	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		642	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		643	if $_[0]{fh};
		644	};
		645	}
		646
		647	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		648
		649	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		650	the same name for details).
		651
		652	=cut
		653
		654	sub keepalive {
		655	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		656
		657	eval {
		658	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		659	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		660	if $_[0]{fh};
		661	};
		662	}
		663
		664	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		665
		666	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		667	the same name for details).
		668
		669	=cut
		670
		671	sub oobinline {
		672	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		673
		674	eval {
		675	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		676	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		677	if $_[0]{fh};
		678	};
		679	}
		680
		681	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		682
		683	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		684	the same name for details).
		685
		686	=cut
		687
		688	sub keepalive {
		689	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		690
		691	eval {
		692	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		693	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		694	if $_[0]{fh};
		695	};
		696	}
		697
		698	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		699
		700	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		701
		702	=cut
		703
		704	sub on_starttls {
		705	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		706	}
		707
		708	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		709
		710	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		711
		712	=cut
		713
		714	sub on_starttls {
305	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	715	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		716	}
		717
		718	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		719
		720	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		721
		722	=cut
		723
		724	sub rbuf_max {
		725	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
306	}	726	}
307		727
308	#############################################################################	728	#############################################################################
309		729
310	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	730	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
311		731
		732	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		733
		734	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		735
312	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	736	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
313		737
314	=cut	738	=item $handle->timeout_reset
315		739
316	sub timeout {	740	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		741
		742	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		743
		744	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		745
		746	These methods are cheap to call.
		747
		748	=cut
		749
		750	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		751	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		752	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		753	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		754	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		755	my $cb;
		756
		757	*$on_timeout = sub {
		758	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		759	};
		760
		761	*$timeout = sub {
317	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	762	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
318		763
319	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	764	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
320	$self->_timeout;	765	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
321	}	766	};
322		767
		768	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		769	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		770	};
		771
		772	# main workhorse:
323	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	773	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
324	# also check for time-outs	774	# also check for time-outs
325	sub _timeout {	775	$cb = sub {
326	my ($self) = @_;	776	my ($self) = @_;
327		777
328	if ($self->{timeout}) {	778	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
329	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	779	my $NOW = AE::now;
330		780
331	# when would the timeout trigger?	781	# when would the timeout trigger?
332	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	782	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
333		783
334	# now or in the past already?	784	# now or in the past already?
335	if ($after <= 0) {	785	if ($after <= 0) {
336	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	786	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
337		787
338	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	788	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
339	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	789	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
340	} else {	790	} else {
341	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	791	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		792	}
		793
		794	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		795	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		796
		797	# calculate new after
		798	$after = $self->{$timeout};
342	}	799	}
343		800
344	# callbakx could have changed timeout value, optimise	801	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
345	return unless $self->{timeout};	802	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
346		803
347	# calculate new after	804	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
348	$after = $self->{timeout};	805	delete $self->{$tw};
		806	$cb->($self);
		807	};
		808	} else {
		809	delete $self->{$tw};
349	}	810	}
350
351	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
352
353	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
354	delete $self->{_tw};
355	$self->_timeout;
356	});
357	} else {
358	delete $self->{_tw};
359	}	811	}
360	}	812	}
361		813
362	#############################################################################	814	#############################################################################
363		815
…		…
387	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	839	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
388		840
389	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	841	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
390		842
391	$cb->($self)	843	$cb->($self)
392	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	844	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
393	}	845	}
394		846
395	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	847	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
396		848
397	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	849	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
408	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	860	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
409		861
410	my $cb = sub {	862	my $cb = sub {
411	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	863	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
412		864
413	if ($len >= 0) {	865	if (defined $len) {
414	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	866	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
415		867
416	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	868	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
417		869
418	$self->{on_drain}($self)	870	$self->{on_drain}($self)
419	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	871	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
420	&& $self->{on_drain};	872	&& $self->{on_drain};
421		873
422	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	874	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
423	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	875	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
424	$self->_error ($!, 1);	876	$self->_error ($!, 1);
425	}	877	}
426	};	878	};
427		879
428	# try to write data immediately	880	# try to write data immediately
429	$cb->();	881	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
430		882
431	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	883	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
432	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	884	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
433	if length $self->{wbuf};	885	if length $self->{wbuf};
434	};	886	};
435	}	887	}
436		888
437	our %WH;	889	our %WH;
438		890
		891	# deprecated
439	sub register_write_type($$) {	892	sub register_write_type($$) {
440	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	893	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
441	}	894	}
442		895
443	sub push_write {	896	sub push_write {
444	my $self = shift;	897	my $self = shift;
445		898
446	if (@_ > 1) {	899	if (@_ > 1) {
447	my $type = shift;	900	my $type = shift;
448		901
		902	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
449	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	903	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
450	->($self, @_);	904	->($self, @_);
451	}	905	}
452		906
453	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	907	if ($self->{tls}) {
454	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	908	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		909	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
455	} else {	910	} else {
456	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	911	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
457	$self->_drain_wbuf;	912	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
458	}	913	}
459	}	914	}
460		915
461	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	916	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
462		917
463	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	918	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
464	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	919	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		920	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		921	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		922	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
465		923
466	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	924	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
467	drop by and tell us):	925	drop by and tell us):
468		926
469	=over 4	927	=over 4
…		…
476	=cut	934	=cut
477		935
478	register_write_type netstring => sub {	936	register_write_type netstring => sub {
479	my ($self, $string) = @_;	937	my ($self, $string) = @_;
480		938
481	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	939	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		940	};
		941
		942	=item packstring => $format, $data
		943
		944	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		945	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		946	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		947	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		948
		949	=cut
		950
		951	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		952	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		953
		954	pack "$format/a*", $string
482	};	955	};
483		956
484	=item json => $array_or_hashref	957	=item json => $array_or_hashref
485		958
486	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	959	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
511	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	984	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
512	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	985	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
513		986
514	=cut	987	=cut
515		988
		989	sub json_coder() {
		990	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		991	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		992	}
		993
516	register_write_type json => sub {	994	register_write_type json => sub {
517	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	995	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
518		996
519	require JSON;	997	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
520		998
521	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	999	$json->encode ($ref)
522	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
523	};	1000	};
524		1001
		1002	=item storable => $reference
		1003
		1004	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1005	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1006
		1007	=cut
		1008
		1009	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1010	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1011
		1012	require Storable;
		1013
		1014	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1015	};
		1016
525	=back	1017	=back
526		1018
527	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1019	=item $handle->push_shutdown
528		1020
529	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1021	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1022	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1023	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1024	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1025	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1026
		1027	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1028
		1029	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1030	the peer.
		1031
		1032	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1033	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1034
		1035	=cut
		1036
		1037	sub push_shutdown {
		1038	my ($self) = @_;
		1039
		1040	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1041	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1042	}
		1043
		1044	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1045
		1046	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1047	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1048	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1049	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1050	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1051
530	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1052	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
531	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1053	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
532		1054
533	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1055	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
534	be appended to the write buffer.	1056	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1057	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
535		1058
536	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1059	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
537	global, so try to use unique names.	1060	arguments using the first one.
		1061
		1062	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1063
		1064	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1065	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1066	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1067
		1068	package My::Type;
		1069
		1070	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1071	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1072
		1073	join $delim, @args
		1074	}
538		1075
539	=cut	1076	=cut
540		1077
541	#############################################################################	1078	#############################################################################
542		1079
…		…
551	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1088	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
552	a queue.	1089	a queue.
553		1090
554	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1091	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
555	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1092	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
556	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1093	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
557	or not.	1094	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1095	partial message has been received so far).
558		1096
559	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1097	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
560	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1098	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
561	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	1099	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
562	below).	1100	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
563		1101
564	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1102	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
565	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1103	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
566		1104
567	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	1105	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
…		…
580	# handle xml	1118	# handle xml
581	});	1119	});
582	});	1120	});
583	});	1121	});
584		1122
585	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1123	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
586	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1124	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
587	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1125	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
588	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1126	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
589	the callbacks:	1127	in the callbacks.
590		1128
591	# request one	1129	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1130	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1131	64-byte chunk callback.
		1132
		1133	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
592	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1134	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
593		1135
594	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1136	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
595	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	1137	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
596	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1138	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
603	...	1145	...
604	});	1146	});
605	}	1147	}
606	});	1148	});
607		1149
608	# request two	1150	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
609	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1151	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
610		1152
611	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1153	# simply read 64 bytes, always
612	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	1154	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
613	my $response = $_[1];	1155	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
619	=cut	1161	=cut
620		1162
621	sub _drain_rbuf {	1163	sub _drain_rbuf {
622	my ($self) = @_;	1164	my ($self) = @_;
623		1165
		1166	# avoid recursion
		1167	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1168	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1169
		1170	while () {
		1171	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1172	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1173	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1174	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1175
		1176	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1177
		1178	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1179	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1180	# no progress can be made
		1181	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1182	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1183	if $self->{_eof};
		1184
		1185	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1186	last;
		1187	}
		1188	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1189	last unless $len;
		1190
		1191	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1192
		1193	if (
		1194	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1195	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1196	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1197	) {
		1198	# no further data will arrive
		1199	# so no progress can be made
		1200	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1201	if $self->{_eof};
		1202
		1203	last; # more data might arrive
		1204	}
		1205	} else {
		1206	# read side becomes idle
		1207	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1208	last;
		1209	}
		1210	}
		1211
		1212	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1213	$self->{on_eof}
		1214	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1215	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1216
		1217	return;
		1218	}
		1219
624	if (	1220	if (
625	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1221	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
626	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1222	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
627	) {	1223	) {
628	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	1224	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
629	}	1225	}
630		1226
631	return if $self->{in_drain};	1227	# may need to restart read watcher
632	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1228	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
633		1229	$self->start_read
634	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1230	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
635	no strict 'refs';
636	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
637	unless ($cb->($self)) {
638	if ($self->{_eof}) {
639	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
640	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);
641	}
642
643	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
644	return;
645	}
646	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
647	$self->{on_read}($self);
648
649	if (
650	$self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
651	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
652	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
654	) {
655	# then no progress can be made
656	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);
657	}
658	} else {
659	# read side becomes idle
660	delete $self->{_rw};
661	return;
662	}
663	}	1231	}
664
665	$self->{on_eof}($self)
666	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};
667	}	1232	}
668		1233
669	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1234	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
670		1235
671	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1236	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
…		…
676		1241
677	sub on_read {	1242	sub on_read {
678	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1243	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
679		1244
680	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1245	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1246	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
681	}	1247	}
682		1248
683	=item $handle->rbuf	1249	=item $handle->rbuf
684		1250
685	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1251	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
686		1252
687	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1253	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
688	you want.	1254	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1255	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1256	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1257	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
689		1258
690	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1259	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
691	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1260	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
692	automatically manage the read buffer.	1261	automatically manage the read buffer.
693		1262
…		…
729	my $cb = pop;	1298	my $cb = pop;
730		1299
731	if (@_) {	1300	if (@_) {
732	my $type = shift;	1301	my $type = shift;
733		1302
		1303	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
734	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1304	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
735	->($self, $cb, @_);	1305	->($self, $cb, @_);
736	}	1306	}
737		1307
738	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1308	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
739	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1309	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
748		1318
749	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1319	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
750	->($self, $cb, @_);	1320	->($self, $cb, @_);
751	}	1321	}
752		1322
753
754	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1323	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
755	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1324	$self->_drain_rbuf;
756	}	1325	}
757		1326
758	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1327	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
759		1328
760	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1329	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
761		1330
762	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1331	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
763	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1332	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
764	etc.	1333	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1334	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1335	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
765		1336
766	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1337	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
767	drop by and tell us):	1338	drop by and tell us):
768		1339
769	=over 4	1340	=over 4
…		…
790	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1361	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
791	1	1362	1
792	}	1363	}
793	};	1364	};
794		1365
795	# compatibility with older API
796	sub push_read_chunk {
797	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
798	}
799
800	sub unshift_read_chunk {
801	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
802	}
803
804	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1366	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
805		1367
806	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1368	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
807	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1369	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
808	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1370	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
823	=cut	1385	=cut
824		1386
825	register_read_type line => sub {	1387	register_read_type line => sub {
826	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1388	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
827		1389
828	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1390	if (@_ < 3) {
829	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1391	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
830	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
831
832	sub {	1392	sub {
833	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1393	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
834		1394
835	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1395	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
836	1
837	}
838	};
839
840	# compatibility with older API
841	sub push_read_line {
842	my $self = shift;
843	$self->push_read (line => @_);
844	}
845
846	sub unshift_read_line {
847	my $self = shift;
848	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
849	}
850
851	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
852
853	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
854
855	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
856
857	=cut
858
859	register_read_type netstring => sub {
860	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
861
862	sub {
863	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
864	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
865	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
866	}	1396	1
867	return;
868	}	1397	}
		1398	} else {
		1399	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1400	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
869		1401
870	my $len = $1;	1402	sub {
		1403	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
871		1404
872	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1405	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
873	my $string = $_[1];
874	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
875	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
876	$cb->($_[0], $string);
877	} else {
878	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
879	}
880	});	1406	1
881	});	1407	}
882
883	1
884	}	1408	}
885	};	1409	};
886		1410
887	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1411	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
888		1412
…		…
940	return 1;	1464	return 1;
941	}	1465	}
942		1466
943	# reject	1467	# reject
944	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1468	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
945	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1469	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
946	}	1470	}
947		1471
948	# skip	1472	# skip
949	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1473	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
950	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1474	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
952		1476
953	()	1477	()
954	}	1478	}
955	};	1479	};
956		1480
		1481	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1482
		1483	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1484
		1485	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1486
		1487	=cut
		1488
		1489	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1490	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1491
		1492	sub {
		1493	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1494	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1495	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1496	}
		1497	return;
		1498	}
		1499
		1500	my $len = $1;
		1501
		1502	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1503	my $string = $_[1];
		1504	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1505	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1506	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1507	} else {
		1508	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1509	}
		1510	});
		1511	});
		1512
		1513	1
		1514	}
		1515	};
		1516
		1517	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1518
		1519	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1520	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1521	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1522	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1523
		1524	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1525	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1526
		1527	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1528	format (very efficient).
		1529
		1530	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1531	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1532	});
		1533
		1534	=cut
		1535
		1536	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1537	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1538
		1539	sub {
		1540	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1541	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1542	or return;
		1543
		1544	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1545
		1546	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1547	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1548	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1549	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1550	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1551	} else {
		1552	# remove prefix
		1553	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1554
		1555	# read remaining chunk
		1556	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1557	}
		1558
		1559	1
		1560	}
		1561	};
		1562
957	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1563	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
958		1564
959	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1565	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1566	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
960		1567
961	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1568	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
962	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1569	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
963		1570
964	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1571	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
971	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1578	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
972		1579
973	=cut	1580	=cut
974		1581
975	register_read_type json => sub {	1582	register_read_type json => sub {
976	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1583	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
977		1584
978	require JSON;	1585	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
979		1586
980	my $data;	1587	my $data;
981	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1588	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
982		1589
983	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
984
985	sub {	1590	sub {
986	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1591	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
987		1592
988	if ($ref) {	1593	if ($ref) {
989	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1594	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
990	$json->incr_text = "";	1595	$json->incr_text = "";
991	$cb->($self, $ref);	1596	$cb->($self, $ref);
992		1597
993	1	1598	1
		1599	} elsif ($@) {
		1600	# error case
		1601	$json->incr_skip;
		1602
		1603	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1604	$json->incr_text = "";
		1605
		1606	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1607
		1608	()
994	} else {	1609	} else {
995	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1610	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1611
996	()	1612	()
997	}	1613	}
998	}	1614	}
999	};	1615	};
1000		1616
		1617	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1618
		1619	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1620	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1621	data).
		1622
		1623	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1624
		1625	=cut
		1626
		1627	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1628	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1629
		1630	require Storable;
		1631
		1632	sub {
		1633	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1634	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1635	or return;
		1636
		1637	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1638
		1639	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1640	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1641	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1642	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1643	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1644	} else {
		1645	# remove prefix
		1646	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1647
		1648	# read remaining chunk
		1649	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1650	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1651	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1652	} else {
		1653	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1654	}
		1655	});
		1656	}
		1657
		1658	1
		1659	}
		1660	};
		1661
1001	=back	1662	=back
1002		1663
1003	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1664	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1004		1665
1005	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1666	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1667	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1668	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1669	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1670	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1006		1671
1007	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1672	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1008	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1673	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1009	arguments.
1010		1674
1011	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1675	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1012	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1676	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1677	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1678	converter.
1013		1679
1014	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1680	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1015	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1681	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1682	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1016		1683
1017	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1018	global, so try to use unique names.
1019
1020	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1684	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1021	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1685	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1022		1686
1023	=item $handle->stop_read	1687	=item $handle->stop_read
1024		1688
1025	=item $handle->start_read	1689	=item $handle->start_read
1026		1690
1027	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1691	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1028	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1692	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1029	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1693	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1030	C<start_read>.	1694	C<start_read>.
1031		1695
		1696	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1697	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1698	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1699	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1700
		1701	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1702	half-duplex connections).
		1703
1032	=cut	1704	=cut
1033		1705
1034	sub stop_read {	1706	sub stop_read {
1035	my ($self) = @_;	1707	my ($self) = @_;
1036		1708
1037	delete $self->{_rw};	1709	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1038	}	1710	}
1039		1711
1040	sub start_read {	1712	sub start_read {
1041	my ($self) = @_;	1713	my ($self) = @_;
1042		1714
1043	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1715	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1044	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1716	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1045		1717
1046	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1718	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1047	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1719	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1048	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1720	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1049		1721
1050	if ($len > 0) {	1722	if ($len > 0) {
1051	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1723	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1052		1724
1053	$self->{filter_r}	1725	if ($self->{tls}) {
1054	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1726	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1727
		1728	&_dotls ($self);
		1729	} else {
1055	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1730	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1731	}
1056		1732
1057	} elsif (defined $len) {	1733	} elsif (defined $len) {
1058	delete $self->{_rw};	1734	delete $self->{_rw};
1059	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1735	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1060	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1736	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1061		1737
1062	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1738	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1063	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1739	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1064	}	1740	}
1065	});	1741	};
1066	}	1742	}
1067	}	1743	}
1068		1744
		1745	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1746	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1747
		1748	sub _tls_error {
		1749	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1750
		1751	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1752	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1753
		1754	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1755
		1756	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1757	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1758
		1759	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1760	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1761	&_freetls;
		1762	} else {
		1763	&_freetls;
		1764	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1765	}
		1766	}
		1767
		1768	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1769	# also decode read data if possible
		1770	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1771	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1772	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1069	sub _dotls {	1773	sub _dotls {
1070	my ($self) = @_;	1774	my ($self) = @_;
1071		1775
		1776	my $tmp;
		1777
1072	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1778	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1073	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1779	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1074	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1780	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1075	}	1781	}
1076	}
1077		1782
		1783	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1784	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1785	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1786	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1787	}
		1788
		1789	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1790	unless (length $tmp) {
		1791	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1792	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1793	&_freetls;
		1794
		1795	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1796	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1797	return;
		1798	} else {
		1799	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1800	delete $self->{_rw};
		1801	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1802	}
		1803	}
		1804
		1805	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1806	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1807	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1808	}
		1809
		1810	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1811	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1812	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1813	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1814
1078	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1815	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1079	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1816	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1080	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1817	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1081	}	1818	}
1082		1819
1083	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1820	$self->{_on_starttls}
1084	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1821	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1085	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1822	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1086	}
1087
1088	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1089
1090	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1091	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1092	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1093	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1094	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1095	}
1096
1097	# all others are fine for our purposes
1098	}
1099	}	1823	}
1100		1824
1101	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1825	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1102		1826
1103	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1827	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1104	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1828	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1105	C<starttls>.	1829	C<starttls>.
1106		1830
		1831	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1832	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1833	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1834
1107	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1835	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1108	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1836	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1109		1837
1110	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1838	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1111	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1839	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1840	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1841	construct a new context.
1112		1842
1113	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1843	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1114	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1844	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1115	might have already started when this function returns.	1845	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1846	when this function returns.
1116		1847
		1848	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1849	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1850	stopping TLS.
		1851
1117	=cut	1852	=cut
		1853
		1854	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1118		1855
1119	sub starttls {	1856	sub starttls {
1120	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1857	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1121		1858
1122	$self->stoptls;	1859	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1860	if $self->{tls};
1123		1861
1124	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1862	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1125	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1863	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1126	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1864
1127	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1865	return unless $self->{fh};
1128	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1866
1129	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1867	require Net::SSLeay;
		1868
		1869	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1870	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1871
		1872	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1873	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1874
		1875	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1876
		1877	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1878	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1879
		1880	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1881	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1882	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1883	} else {
		1884	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1885	}
		1886	}
1130	}	1887
1131		1888	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1132	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1889	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1133		1890
1134	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1891	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1135	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1892	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1136	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1893	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1137	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1894	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1138	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1895	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1896	#
		1897	# in short: this is a mess.
		1898	#
		1899	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1900	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1901	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1902	# have identity issues in that area.
1139	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1903	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1140	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1904	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1141	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1905	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1906	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1142		1907
1143	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1908	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1144	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1909	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1145		1910
		1911	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1912
1146	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1913	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1147		1914
1148	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1915	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1149	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1916	if $self->{on_starttls};
1150	&_dotls;	1917
1151	};	1918	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1152	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1919	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1153	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1154	&_dotls;
1155	};
1156	}	1920	}
1157		1921
1158	=item $handle->stoptls	1922	=item $handle->stoptls
1159		1923
1160	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1924	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1161	lost.	1925	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1926	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1927	the stream afterwards.
1162		1928
1163	=cut	1929	=cut
1164		1930
1165	sub stoptls {	1931	sub stoptls {
1166	my ($self) = @_;	1932	my ($self) = @_;
1167		1933
1168	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1934	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1935	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1169		1936
1170	delete $self->{_rbio};	1937	&_dotls;
1171	delete $self->{_wbio};	1938
1172	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1939	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1173	delete $self->{filter_r};	1940	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1174	delete $self->{filter_w};	1941	# &_freetls;#d#
		1942	}
		1943	}
		1944
		1945	sub _freetls {
		1946	my ($self) = @_;
		1947
		1948	return unless $self->{tls};
		1949
		1950	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1951	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1952
		1953	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1175	}	1954	}
1176		1955
1177	sub DESTROY {	1956	sub DESTROY {
1178	my $self = shift;	1957	my ($self) = @_;
1179		1958
1180	$self->stoptls;	1959	&_freetls;
		1960
		1961	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1962
		1963	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1964	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1965	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1966
		1967	my @linger;
		1968
		1969	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		1970	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1971
		1972	if ($len > 0) {
		1973	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1974	} else {
		1975	@linger = (); # end
		1976	}
		1977	};
		1978	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		1979	@linger = ();
		1980	};
		1981	}
		1982	}
		1983
		1984	=item $handle->destroy
		1985
		1986	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1987	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1988	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1989	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1990	empty list).
		1991
		1992	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1993	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1994	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1995	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1996	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1997	that case.
		1998
		1999	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2000	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2001	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2002	reference cycles.
		2003
		2004	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2005	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2006
		2007	=cut
		2008
		2009	sub destroy {
		2010	my ($self) = @_;
		2011
		2012	$self->DESTROY;
		2013	%$self = ();
		2014	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2015	}
		2016
		2017	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2018	#nop
1181	}	2019	}
1182		2020
1183	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2021	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1184		2022
1185	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2023	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1186	default for TLS mode.	2024	for TLS mode.
1187		2025
1188	The context is created like this:	2026	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1189
1190	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1191	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1192	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1193
1194	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1195
1196	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1197		2027
1198	=cut	2028	=cut
1199		2029
1200	our $TLS_CTX;	2030	our $TLS_CTX;
1201		2031
1202	sub TLS_CTX() {	2032	sub TLS_CTX() {
1203	$TLS_CTX || do {	2033	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1204	require Net::SSLeay;	2034	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1205		2035
1206	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2036	new AnyEvent::TLS
1207	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1208	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1209
1210	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1211
1212	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1213
1214	$TLS_CTX
1215	}	2037	}
1216	}	2038	}
1217		2039
1218	=back	2040	=back
		2041
		2042
		2043	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2044
		2045	=over 4
		2046
		2047	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2048	still get further invocations!
		2049
		2050	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2051	read or write callbacks.
		2052
		2053	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2054	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2055	->destroy >> method.
		2056
		2057	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2058	reading?
		2059
		2060	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2061	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		2062	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2063	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2064
		2065	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2066	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2067	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2068
		2069	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2070	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2071	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2072	C<destroy> method.
		2073
		2074	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2075
		2076	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2077	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2078	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2079	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2080
		2081	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2082	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2083	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2084	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2085	});
		2086
		2087	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2088	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2089	fact, all data has been received.
		2090
		2091	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2092	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2093	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2094	explicit QUIT command.
		2095
		2096	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2097	all data has been written?
		2098
		2099	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2100	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2101	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2102	written to the socket:
		2103
		2104	$handle->push_write (...);
		2105	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2106	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2107	undef $handle;
		2108	});
		2109
		2110	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2111	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2112
		2113	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2114
		2115	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2116	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2117	parameter:
		2118
		2119	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2120	my ($fh) = @_;
		2121
		2122	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2123	fh => $fh,
		2124	tls => "connect",
		2125	on_error => sub { ... };
		2126
		2127	$handle->push_write (...);
		2128	};
		2129
		2130	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2131
		2132	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2133	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2134	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2135
		2136	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2137
		2138	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2139	my ($fh) = @_;
		2140
		2141	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2142	fh => $fh,
		2143	peername => $host,
		2144	tls => "connect",
		2145	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2146	...
		2147
		2148	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2149	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2150	peername verification will be done.
		2151
		2152	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2153	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2154	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2155
		2156	tls_ctx => {
		2157	verify => 1,
		2158	verify_peername => "https",
		2159	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2160	},
		2161
		2162	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2163
		2164	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2165	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2166	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2167	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2168	nice program for that purpose).
		2169
		2170	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2171	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2172	file should then look like this:
		2173
		2174	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2175	...header data
		2176	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2177	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2178
		2179	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2180	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2181	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2182
		2183	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2184	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2185
		2186	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2187	my ($fh) = @_;
		2188
		2189	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2190	fh => $fh,
		2191	tls => "accept",
		2192	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2193	...
		2194
		2195	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2196	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2197
		2198	=back
		2199
1219		2200
1220	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2201	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1221		2202
1222	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2203	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1223		2204
…		…
1227	=over 4	2208	=over 4
1228		2209
1229	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2210	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1230		2211
1231	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2212	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1232	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2213	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1233	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2214	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1234		2215
1235	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2216	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1236		2217
1237	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2218	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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