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Revision 1.192 by root, Fri Mar 12 23:22:14 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.14;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
61	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
62		81
63	=over 4	82	=over 4
64		83
65	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		85
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		87
69	=over 4	88	=over 4
70		89
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		91
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		95	that mode.
77		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
79		115
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
82	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
83		121
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
86	waiting for data.	124	timeout is to be used).
87		125
		126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		127
		128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		129
		130	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		134	C<$retry> will continue with the next connection target (in case of
		135	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		136	endpoints). At the time it is called the read and write queues, eof
		137	status, tls status and similar properties of the handle will have been
		138	reset.
		139
		140	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		141
		142	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		143
		144	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		145	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		146	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		147
		148	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		149	fatal error instead.
		150
		151	=back
		152
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	153	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		154
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	155	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	156	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	157	connect or a read error.
93		158
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	159	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	160	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		161	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		162	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		163	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		164	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		165	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		166
		167	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		168	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		169	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		170	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		171
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	172	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	173	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	174	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		175	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		176
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	177	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	178	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		179	C<EPROTO>).
102		180
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	181	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	182	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	183	C<croak>.
106		184
…		…
110	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	188	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
111	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	189	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
112	read buffer).	190	read buffer).
113		191
114	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	192	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
115	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	193	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		194	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		195	the beginning from it.
116		196
117	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	197	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
118	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	198	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
119	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	199	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
120	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	200	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
121		201
		202	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		203	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		204	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		205	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		206
		207	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		208
		209	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		210	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		211	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		212	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		213	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		214
		215	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		216	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		217	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		218	down.
		219
		220	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		221	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		222
122	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	223	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
123		224
124	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	225	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
125	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	226	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
126		227
127	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	228	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
128		229
		230	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		231	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		232	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		233	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		234	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		235
129	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	236	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
130		237
		238	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		239
		240	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		241
131	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	242	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
132	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	243	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
133	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	244	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
134	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	245	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		246	error will be raised).
		247
		248	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		249	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		250	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		251	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		252	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
135		253
136	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	254	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
137	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	255	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
138	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	256	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
139	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	257	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		258	restart the timeout.
140		259
141	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	260	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
142		261
143	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	262	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
144		263
…		…
148		267
149	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	268	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
150		269
151	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	270	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
152	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	271	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
153	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	272	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
154		273
155	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	274	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
156	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	275	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
157	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	276	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
158	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	277	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
159	isn't finished).	278	isn't finished).
160		279
		280	=item autocork => <boolean>
		281
		282	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		283	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		284	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		285	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		286	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		287	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		288
		289	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		290	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		291	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		292	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		293
		294	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		295
		296	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		297	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		298	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		299
		300	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		301	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		302
		303	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		304	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		305
		306	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		307
		308	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		309	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		310	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		311	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		312	TCP connections whent he other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		313	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		314	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		315	to 15 minutes later.
		316
		317	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		318	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		319	is usually a good idea.
		320
		321	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		322
		323	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		324	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		325	implements it slightly differently.
		326
		327	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		328	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		329	putting it into the stream.
		330
		331	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		332	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		333	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		334	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		335	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		336	from most attacks.
		337
161	=item read_size => <bytes>	338	=item read_size => <bytes>
162		339
163	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	340	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
164	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	341	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		342	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
165		343
166	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	344	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
167		345
168	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	346	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
169	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	347	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
170	considered empty.	348	considered empty.
171		349
		350	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		351	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		352	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		353	is good in almost all cases.
		354
		355	=item linger => <seconds>
		356
		357	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		358	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		359	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		360	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		361	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		362
		363	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		364	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		365	help.
		366
		367	=item peername => $string
		368
		369	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		370	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		371
		372	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		373	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		374	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		375	C<undef>.
		376
172	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	377	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
173		378
174	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	379	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
175	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	380	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
176	data.	381	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		382
		383	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		384	appropriate error message.
177		385
178	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	386	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
179	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	387	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		388	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		389	to add the dependency yourself.
180		390
181	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	391	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
182	connection, use C<connect> mode.	392	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		393	mode.
183		394
184	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	395	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
185	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	396	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
186	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	397	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
187	AnyEvent::Handle.	398	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		399	object.
188		400
		401	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		402	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		403	away.
		404
		405	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		406	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		407	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		408	segmentation fault.
		409
189	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	410	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
190		411
191	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	412	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
192		413
193	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	414	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
194	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	415	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
195	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	416	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
196		417
		418	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		419	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		420	new TLS context object.
		421
		422	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		423
		424	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		425	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		426	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		427
		428	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		429	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		430
		431	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		432	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		433
		434	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		435	called, as normal.
		436
		437	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		438	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		439	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		440
		441	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		442
		443	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		444	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		445	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		446	on the handle.
		447
		448	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		449	callback.
		450
		451	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		452	underlying handle signals EOF.
		453
197	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	454	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
198		455
199	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	456	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
200		457
201	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	458	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
202	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	459	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		460	texts.
203		461
204	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	462	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
205	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	463	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
206		464
207	=item filter_r => $cb
208
209	=item filter_w => $cb
210
211	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
212
213	=back	465	=back
214		466
215	=cut	467	=cut
216		468
217	sub new {	469	sub new {
218	my $class = shift;	470	my $class = shift;
219
220	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	471	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
221		472
222	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	473	if ($self->{fh}) {
		474	$self->_start;
		475	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		476
		477	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		478	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		479
		480	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		481	unless exists $self->{peername};
		482
		483	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		484
		485	{
		486	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		487
		488	$self->{_connect} =
		489	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		490	$self->{connect}[0],
		491	$self->{connect}[1],
		492	sub {
		493	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		494
		495	if ($fh) {
		496	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		497
		498	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		499	$self->_start;
		500
		501	$self->{on_connect}
		502	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		503	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		504	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		505	&$retry;
		506	});
		507
		508	} else {
		509	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		510	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		511	$self->destroy;
		512	} else {
		513	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		514	}
		515	}
		516	},
		517	sub {
		518	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		519
		520	$self->{on_prepare}
		521	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		522	: ()
		523	}
		524	);
		525	}
		526
		527	} else {
		528	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		529	}
		530
		531	$self
		532	}
		533
		534	sub _start {
		535	my ($self) = @_;
223		536
224	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	537	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
225		538
226	if ($self->{tls}) {	539	$self->{_activity} =
227	require Net::SSLeay;	540	$self->{_ractivity} =
		541	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		542
		543	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		544	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		545	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		546
		547	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		548	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		549
		550	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		551
228	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	552	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
229	}	553	if $self->{tls};
230		554
231	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
232	$self->_timeout;
233
234	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	555	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
235		556
236	$self	557	$self->start_read
237	}	558	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
238		559
239	sub _shutdown {	560	$self->_drain_wbuf;
240	my ($self) = @_;
241
242	delete $self->{_tw};
243	delete $self->{_rw};
244	delete $self->{_ww};
245	delete $self->{fh};
246
247	$self->stoptls;
248	}	561	}
249		562
250	sub _error {	563	sub _error {
251	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	564	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
252
253	$self->_shutdown
254	if $fatal;
255		565
256	$! = $errno;	566	$! = $errno;
		567	$message ||= "$!";
257		568
258	if ($self->{on_error}) {	569	if ($self->{on_error}) {
259	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	570	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
260	} else {	571	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		572	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		573	$self->destroy;
261	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	574	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
262	}	575	}
263	}	576	}
264		577
265	=item $fh = $handle->fh	578	=item $fh = $handle->fh
266		579
267	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	580	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
268		581
269	=cut	582	=cut
270		583
271	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	584	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
272		585
…		…
290	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	603	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
291	}	604	}
292		605
293	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	606	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
294		607
295	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	608	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
296	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
297	argument.
298		609
299	=cut	610	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
300		611
		612	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		613	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		614	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		615
		616	=cut
		617
		618	# see below
		619
		620	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		621
		622	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		623	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		624
		625	=cut
		626
		627	sub autocork {
		628	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		629	}
		630
		631	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		632
		633	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		634	the same name for details).
		635
		636	=cut
		637
		638	sub no_delay {
		639	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		640
		641	eval {
		642	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		643	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		644	if $_[0]{fh};
		645	};
		646	}
		647
		648	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		649
		650	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		651	the same name for details).
		652
		653	=cut
		654
		655	sub keepalive {
		656	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		657
		658	eval {
		659	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		660	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		661	if $_[0]{fh};
		662	};
		663	}
		664
		665	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		666
		667	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		668	the same name for details).
		669
		670	=cut
		671
		672	sub oobinline {
		673	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		674
		675	eval {
		676	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		677	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		678	if $_[0]{fh};
		679	};
		680	}
		681
		682	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		683
		684	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		685	the same name for details).
		686
		687	=cut
		688
		689	sub keepalive {
		690	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		691
		692	eval {
		693	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		694	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		695	if $_[0]{fh};
		696	};
		697	}
		698
		699	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		700
		701	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		702
		703	=cut
		704
		705	sub on_starttls {
		706	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		707	}
		708
		709	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		710
		711	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		712
		713	=cut
		714
301	sub on_timeout {	715	sub on_stoptls {
302	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	716	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		717	}
		718
		719	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		720
		721	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		722
		723	=cut
		724
		725	sub rbuf_max {
		726	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
303	}	727	}
304		728
305	#############################################################################	729	#############################################################################
306		730
307	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	731	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
308		732
		733	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		734
		735	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		736
309	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	737	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
310		738
311	=cut	739	=item $handle->timeout_reset
312		740
313	sub timeout {	741	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		742
		743	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		744
		745	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		746
		747	These methods are cheap to call.
		748
		749	=cut
		750
		751	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		752	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		753	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		754	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		755	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		756	my $cb;
		757
		758	*$on_timeout = sub {
		759	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		760	};
		761
		762	*$timeout = sub {
314	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	763	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
315		764
316	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	765	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
317	$self->_timeout;	766	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
318	}	767	};
319		768
		769	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		770	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		771	};
		772
		773	# main workhorse:
320	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	774	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
321	# also check for time-outs	775	# also check for time-outs
322	sub _timeout {	776	$cb = sub {
323	my ($self) = @_;	777	my ($self) = @_;
324		778
325	if ($self->{timeout}) {	779	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
326	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	780	my $NOW = AE::now;
327		781
328	# when would the timeout trigger?	782	# when would the timeout trigger?
329	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	783	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
330		784
331	# now or in the past already?	785	# now or in the past already?
332	if ($after <= 0) {	786	if ($after <= 0) {
333	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	787	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
334		788
335	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	789	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
336	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	790	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
337	} else {	791	} else {
338	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	792	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		793	}
		794
		795	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		796	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		797
		798	# calculate new after
		799	$after = $self->{$timeout};
339	}	800	}
340		801
341	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	802	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
342	return unless $self->{timeout};	803	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
343		804
344	# calculate new after	805	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
345	$after = $self->{timeout};	806	delete $self->{$tw};
		807	$cb->($self);
		808	};
		809	} else {
		810	delete $self->{$tw};
346	}	811	}
347
348	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
349	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
350
351	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
352	delete $self->{_tw};
353	$self->_timeout;
354	});
355	} else {
356	delete $self->{_tw};
357	}	812	}
358	}	813	}
359		814
360	#############################################################################	815	#############################################################################
361		816
…		…
385	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	840	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
386		841
387	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	842	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
388		843
389	$cb->($self)	844	$cb->($self)
390	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	845	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
391	}	846	}
392		847
393	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	848	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
394		849
395	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	850	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
406	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	861	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
407		862
408	my $cb = sub {	863	my $cb = sub {
409	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	864	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
410		865
411	if ($len >= 0) {	866	if (defined $len) {
412	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	867	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
413		868
414	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	869	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
415		870
416	$self->{on_drain}($self)	871	$self->{on_drain}($self)
417	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	872	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
418	&& $self->{on_drain};	873	&& $self->{on_drain};
419		874
420	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	875	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
421	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	876	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
422	$self->_error ($!, 1);	877	$self->_error ($!, 1);
423	}	878	}
424	};	879	};
425		880
426	# try to write data immediately	881	# try to write data immediately
427	$cb->();	882	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
428		883
429	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	884	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
430	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	885	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
431	if length $self->{wbuf};	886	if length $self->{wbuf};
432	};	887	};
433	}	888	}
434		889
435	our %WH;	890	our %WH;
436		891
		892	# deprecated
437	sub register_write_type($$) {	893	sub register_write_type($$) {
438	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	894	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
439	}	895	}
440		896
441	sub push_write {	897	sub push_write {
442	my $self = shift;	898	my $self = shift;
443		899
444	if (@_ > 1) {	900	if (@_ > 1) {
445	my $type = shift;	901	my $type = shift;
446		902
		903	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
447	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	904	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
448	->($self, @_);	905	->($self, @_);
449	}	906	}
450		907
		908	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		909	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		910
451	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	911	if ($self->{tls}) {
452	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	912	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		913	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
453	} else {	914	} else {
454	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	915	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
455	$self->_drain_wbuf;	916	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
456	}	917	}
457	}	918	}
458		919
459	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	920	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
460		921
461	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	922	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
462	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	923	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		924	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		925	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		926	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
463		927
464	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	928	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
465	drop by and tell us):	929	drop by and tell us):
466		930
467	=over 4	931	=over 4
…		…
474	=cut	938	=cut
475		939
476	register_write_type netstring => sub {	940	register_write_type netstring => sub {
477	my ($self, $string) = @_;	941	my ($self, $string) = @_;
478		942
479	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	943	(length $string) . ":$string,"
480	};	944	};
481		945
482	=item packstring => $format, $data	946	=item packstring => $format, $data
483		947
484	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	948	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
489	=cut	953	=cut
490		954
491	register_write_type packstring => sub {	955	register_write_type packstring => sub {
492	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;	956	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
493		957
494	pack "$format/a", $string	958	pack "$format/a*", $string
495	};	959	};
496		960
497	=item json => $array_or_hashref	961	=item json => $array_or_hashref
498		962
499	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	963	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
524	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	988	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
525	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	989	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
526		990
527	=cut	991	=cut
528		992
		993	sub json_coder() {
		994	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		995	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		996	}
		997
529	register_write_type json => sub {	998	register_write_type json => sub {
530	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	999	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
531		1000
532	require JSON;	1001	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
533		1002
534	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1003	$json->encode ($ref)
535	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
536	};	1004	};
537		1005
		1006	=item storable => $reference
		1007
		1008	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1009	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1010
		1011	=cut
		1012
		1013	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1014	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1015
		1016	require Storable;
		1017
		1018	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1019	};
		1020
538	=back	1021	=back
539		1022
540	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1023	=item $handle->push_shutdown
541		1024
542	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1025	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1026	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1027	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1028	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1029	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1030
		1031	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1032
		1033	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1034	the peer.
		1035
		1036	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1037	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1038
		1039	=cut
		1040
		1041	sub push_shutdown {
		1042	my ($self) = @_;
		1043
		1044	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1045	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1046	}
		1047
		1048	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1049
		1050	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1051	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1052	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1053	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1054	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1055
543	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1056	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
544	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1057	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
545		1058
546	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1059	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
547	be appended to the write buffer.	1060	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1061	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
548		1062
549	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1063	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
550	global, so try to use unique names.	1064	arguments using the first one.
		1065
		1066	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1067
		1068	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1069	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1070	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1071
		1072	package My::Type;
		1073
		1074	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1075	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1076
		1077	join $delim, @args
		1078	}
551		1079
552	=cut	1080	=cut
553		1081
554	#############################################################################	1082	#############################################################################
555		1083
…		…
564	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1092	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
565	a queue.	1093	a queue.
566		1094
567	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1095	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
568	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1096	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
569	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1097	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
570	or not.	1098	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1099	partial message has been received so far).
571		1100
572	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1101	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
573	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1102	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
574	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1103	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
575	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1104	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
…		…
593	# handle xml	1122	# handle xml
594	});	1123	});
595	});	1124	});
596	});	1125	});
597		1126
598	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1127	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
599	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1128	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
600	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1129	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
601	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1130	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
602	the callbacks:	1131	in the callbacks.
603		1132
604	# request one	1133	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1134	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1135	64-byte chunk callback.
		1136
		1137	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
605	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1138	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
606		1139
607	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1140	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
608	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	1141	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
609	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1142	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
616	...	1149	...
617	});	1150	});
618	}	1151	}
619	});	1152	});
620		1153
621	# request two	1154	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
622	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1155	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
623		1156
624	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1157	# simply read 64 bytes, always
625	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	1158	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
626	my $response = $_[1];	1159	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
632	=cut	1165	=cut
633		1166
634	sub _drain_rbuf {	1167	sub _drain_rbuf {
635	my ($self) = @_;	1168	my ($self) = @_;
636		1169
		1170	# avoid recursion
		1171	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
637	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1172	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
638
639	if (
640	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
641	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
642	) {
643	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);
644	}
645		1173
646	while () {	1174	while () {
647	no strict 'refs';	1175	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1176	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1177	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1178	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
648		1179
649	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1180	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
650		1181
651	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1182	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
652	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1183	unless ($cb->($self)) {
653	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1184	# no progress can be made
654	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1185	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
655	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;	1186	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
656	}	1187	if $self->{_eof};
657		1188
658	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1189	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
659	last;	1190	last;
660	}	1191	}
661	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1192	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
668	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1199	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
669	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1200	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
670	) {	1201	) {
671	# no further data will arrive	1202	# no further data will arrive
672	# so no progress can be made	1203	# so no progress can be made
673	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last	1204	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
674	if $self->{_eof};	1205	if $self->{_eof};
675		1206
676	last; # more data might arrive	1207	last; # more data might arrive
677	}	1208	}
678	} else {	1209	} else {
679	# read side becomes idle	1210	# read side becomes idle
680	delete $self->{_rw};	1211	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
681	last;	1212	last;
682	}	1213	}
683	}	1214	}
684		1215
		1216	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1217	$self->{on_eof}
685	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1218	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
686	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	1219	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1220
		1221	return;
		1222	}
		1223
		1224	if (
		1225	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1226	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1227	) {
		1228	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		1229	}
687		1230
688	# may need to restart read watcher	1231	# may need to restart read watcher
689	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1232	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
690	$self->start_read	1233	$self->start_read
691	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	1234	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
702		1245
703	sub on_read {	1246	sub on_read {
704	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1247	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
705		1248
706	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1249	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
707	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1250	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
708	}	1251	}
709		1252
710	=item $handle->rbuf	1253	=item $handle->rbuf
711		1254
712	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1255	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
713		1256
714	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1257	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
715	you want.	1258	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1259	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1260	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1261	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
716		1262
717	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1263	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
718	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1264	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
719	automatically manage the read buffer.	1265	automatically manage the read buffer.
720		1266
…		…
756	my $cb = pop;	1302	my $cb = pop;
757		1303
758	if (@_) {	1304	if (@_) {
759	my $type = shift;	1305	my $type = shift;
760		1306
		1307	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
761	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1308	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
762	->($self, $cb, @_);	1309	->($self, $cb, @_);
763	}	1310	}
764		1311
765	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1312	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
766	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1313	$self->_drain_rbuf;
767	}	1314	}
768		1315
769	sub unshift_read {	1316	sub unshift_read {
770	my $self = shift;	1317	my $self = shift;
771	my $cb = pop;	1318	my $cb = pop;
…		…
775		1322
776	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1323	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
777	->($self, $cb, @_);	1324	->($self, $cb, @_);
778	}	1325	}
779		1326
780
781	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1327	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
782	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1328	$self->_drain_rbuf;
783	}	1329	}
784		1330
785	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1331	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
786		1332
787	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1333	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
788		1334
789	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1335	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
790	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1336	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
791	etc.	1337	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1338	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1339	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
792		1340
793	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1341	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
794	drop by and tell us):	1342	drop by and tell us):
795		1343
796	=over 4	1344	=over 4
…		…
817	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1365	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
818	1	1366	1
819	}	1367	}
820	};	1368	};
821		1369
822	# compatibility with older API
823	sub push_read_chunk {
824	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
825	}
826
827	sub unshift_read_chunk {
828	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
829	}
830
831	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1370	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
832		1371
833	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1372	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
834	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1373	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
835	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1374	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
850	=cut	1389	=cut
851		1390
852	register_read_type line => sub {	1391	register_read_type line => sub {
853	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1392	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
854		1393
855	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1394	if (@_ < 3) {
		1395	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1396	sub {
		1397	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1398
		1399	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1400	1
		1401	}
		1402	} else {
856	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1403	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
857	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1404	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
858		1405
859	sub {	1406	sub {
860	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1407	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
861		1408
862	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1409	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1410	1
863	1	1411	}
864	}	1412	}
865	};	1413	};
866
867	# compatibility with older API
868	sub push_read_line {
869	my $self = shift;
870	$self->push_read (line => @_);
871	}
872
873	sub unshift_read_line {
874	my $self = shift;
875	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
876	}
877		1414
878	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1415	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
879		1416
880	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1417	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
881	everything up to and including the match.	1418	everything up to and including the match.
…		…
931	return 1;	1468	return 1;
932	}	1469	}
933		1470
934	# reject	1471	# reject
935	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1472	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
936	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1473	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
937	}	1474	}
938		1475
939	# skip	1476	# skip
940	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1477	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
941	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1478	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
957	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1494	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
958		1495
959	sub {	1496	sub {
960	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1497	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
961	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1498	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
962	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1499	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
963	}	1500	}
964	return;	1501	return;
965	}	1502	}
966		1503
967	my $len = $1;	1504	my $len = $1;
…		…
970	my $string = $_[1];	1507	my $string = $_[1];
971	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1508	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
972	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1509	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
973	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1510	$cb->($_[0], $string);
974	} else {	1511	} else {
975	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1512	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
976	}	1513	}
977	});	1514	});
978	});	1515	});
979		1516
980	1	1517	1
…		…
986	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1523	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
987	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1524	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
988	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1525	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
989	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1526	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
990		1527
991	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1528	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1529	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
992		1530
993	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1531	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
994	format (very efficient).	1532	format (very efficient).
995		1533
996	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1534	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1002	register_read_type packstring => sub {	1540	register_read_type packstring => sub {
1003	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;	1541	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1004		1542
1005	sub {	1543	sub {
1006	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1544	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1007	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1545	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1008	or return;	1546	or return;
1009		1547
		1548	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1549
		1550	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1551	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1552	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1553	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1554	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1555	} else {
1010	# remove prefix	1556	# remove prefix
1011	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack $format, $len), "";	1557	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1012		1558
1013	# read rest	1559	# read remaining chunk
1014	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);	1560	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1561	}
1015		1562
1016	1	1563	1
1017	}	1564	}
1018	};	1565	};
1019		1566
1020	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1567	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1021		1568
1022	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1569	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1570	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1023		1571
1024	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1572	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1025	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1573	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1026		1574
1027	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1575	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1034	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1582	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1035		1583
1036	=cut	1584	=cut
1037		1585
1038	register_read_type json => sub {	1586	register_read_type json => sub {
1039	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1587	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1040		1588
1041	require JSON;	1589	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1042		1590
1043	my $data;	1591	my $data;
1044	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1592	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1045		1593
1046	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1047
1048	sub {	1594	sub {
1049	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1595	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1050		1596
1051	if ($ref) {	1597	if ($ref) {
1052	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1598	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1053	$json->incr_text = "";	1599	$json->incr_text = "";
1054	$cb->($self, $ref);	1600	$cb->($self, $ref);
1055		1601
1056	1	1602	1
		1603	} elsif ($@) {
		1604	# error case
		1605	$json->incr_skip;
		1606
		1607	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1608	$json->incr_text = "";
		1609
		1610	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1611
		1612	()
1057	} else {	1613	} else {
1058	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1614	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1615
1059	()	1616	()
1060	}	1617	}
1061	}	1618	}
1062	};	1619	};
1063		1620
		1621	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1622
		1623	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1624	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1625	data).
		1626
		1627	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1628
		1629	=cut
		1630
		1631	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1632	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1633
		1634	require Storable;
		1635
		1636	sub {
		1637	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1638	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1639	or return;
		1640
		1641	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1642
		1643	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1644	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1645	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1646	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1647	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1648	} else {
		1649	# remove prefix
		1650	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1651
		1652	# read remaining chunk
		1653	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1654	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1655	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1656	} else {
		1657	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1658	}
		1659	});
		1660	}
		1661
		1662	1
		1663	}
		1664	};
		1665
1064	=back	1666	=back
1065		1667
1066	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1668	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1067		1669
1068	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1670	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1671	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1672	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1673	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1674	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1069		1675
1070	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1676	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1071	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1677	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1072	arguments.
1073		1678
1074	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1679	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1075	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1680	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1681	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1682	converter.
1076		1683
1077	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1684	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1078	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1685	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1686	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1079		1687
1080	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1081	global, so try to use unique names.
1082
1083	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1688	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1084	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1689	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1085		1690
1086	=item $handle->stop_read	1691	=item $handle->stop_read
1087		1692
1088	=item $handle->start_read	1693	=item $handle->start_read
1089		1694
…		…
1095	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1700	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1096	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1701	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1097	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1702	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1098	there are any read requests in the queue.	1703	there are any read requests in the queue.
1099		1704
		1705	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1706	half-duplex connections).
		1707
1100	=cut	1708	=cut
1101		1709
1102	sub stop_read {	1710	sub stop_read {
1103	my ($self) = @_;	1711	my ($self) = @_;
1104		1712
1105	delete $self->{_rw};	1713	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1106	}	1714	}
1107		1715
1108	sub start_read {	1716	sub start_read {
1109	my ($self) = @_;	1717	my ($self) = @_;
1110		1718
1111	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1719	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1112	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1720	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1113		1721
1114	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1722	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1115	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1723	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1116	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1724	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1117		1725
1118	if ($len > 0) {	1726	if ($len > 0) {
1119	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1727	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1120		1728
1121	$self->{filter_r}	1729	if ($self->{tls}) {
1122	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1730	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1123	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1731
		1732	&_dotls ($self);
		1733	} else {
		1734	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1735	}
1124		1736
1125	} elsif (defined $len) {	1737	} elsif (defined $len) {
1126	delete $self->{_rw};	1738	delete $self->{_rw};
1127	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1739	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1128	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1740	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1129		1741
1130	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1742	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1131	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1743	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1132	}	1744	}
1133	});	1745	};
1134	}	1746	}
1135	}	1747	}
1136		1748
		1749	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1750	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1751
		1752	sub _tls_error {
		1753	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1754
		1755	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1756	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1757
		1758	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1759
		1760	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1761	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1762
		1763	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1764	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1765	&_freetls;
		1766	} else {
		1767	&_freetls;
		1768	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1769	}
		1770	}
		1771
		1772	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1773	# also decode read data if possible
		1774	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1775	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1776	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1137	sub _dotls {	1777	sub _dotls {
1138	my ($self) = @_;	1778	my ($self) = @_;
1139		1779
1140	my $buf;	1780	my $tmp;
1141		1781
1142	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1782	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1143	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1783	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1144	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1784	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1145	}	1785	}
1146	}
1147		1786
		1787	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1788	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1789	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1790	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1791	}
		1792
		1793	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1794	unless (length $tmp) {
		1795	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1796	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1797	&_freetls;
		1798
		1799	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1800	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1801	return;
		1802	} else {
		1803	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1804	delete $self->{_rw};
		1805	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1806	}
		1807	}
		1808
		1809	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1810	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1811	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1812	}
		1813
		1814	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1815	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1816	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1817	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1818
1148	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1819	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1149	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1820	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1150	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1821	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1822	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1151	}	1823	}
1152		1824
1153	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1825	$self->{_on_starttls}
1154	if (length $buf) {	1826	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1155	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1827	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1156	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1157	} else {
1158	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1159	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1160	$self->_shutdown;
1161	return;
1162	}
1163	}
1164
1165	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1166
1167	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1168	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1169	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1170	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1171	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1172	}
1173
1174	# all others are fine for our purposes
1175	}
1176	}	1828	}
1177		1829
1178	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1830	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1179		1831
1180	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1832	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1181	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1833	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1182	C<starttls>.	1834	C<starttls>.
1183		1835
		1836	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1837	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1838	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1839
1184	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1840	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1185	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1841	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1186		1842
1187	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1843	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1188	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1844	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1845	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1846	construct a new context.
1189		1847
1190	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1848	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1191	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1849	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1192	might have already started when this function returns.	1850	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1851	when this function returns.
1193		1852
		1853	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1854	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1855	stopping TLS.
		1856
1194	=cut	1857	=cut
		1858
		1859	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1195		1860
1196	sub starttls {	1861	sub starttls {
1197	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1862	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1198		1863
1199	$self->stoptls;	1864	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1865	if $self->{tls};
1200		1866
1201	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1867	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1202	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1868	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1203	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1869
1204	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1870	return unless $self->{fh};
1205	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1871
1206	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1872	require Net::SSLeay;
		1873
		1874	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1875	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1876
		1877	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1878	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1879
		1880	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1881
		1882	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1883	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1884
		1885	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1886	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1887	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1888	} else {
		1889	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1890	}
		1891	}
1207	}	1892
1208		1893	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1209	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1894	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1210		1895
1211	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1896	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1212	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1897	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1213	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1898	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1214	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1899	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1215	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1900	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1901	#
		1902	# in short: this is a mess.
		1903	#
		1904	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1905	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1906	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1907	# have identity issues in that area.
1216	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1908	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1217	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1909	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1218	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1910	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1911	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1219		1912
1220	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1913	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1221	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1914	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1222		1915
		1916	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1917
1223	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1918	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1224		1919
1225	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1920	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1226	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1921	if $self->{on_starttls};
1227	&_dotls;	1922
1228	};	1923	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1229	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1924	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1230	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1231	&_dotls;
1232	};
1233	}	1925	}
1234		1926
1235	=item $handle->stoptls	1927	=item $handle->stoptls
1236		1928
1237	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1929	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1238	lost.	1930	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1931	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		1932	the stream afterwards.
1239		1933
1240	=cut	1934	=cut
1241		1935
1242	sub stoptls {	1936	sub stoptls {
1243	my ($self) = @_;	1937	my ($self) = @_;
1244		1938
1245	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1939	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		1940	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1246		1941
1247	delete $self->{_rbio};	1942	&_dotls;
1248	delete $self->{_wbio};	1943
1249	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1944	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1250	delete $self->{filter_r};	1945	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1251	delete $self->{filter_w};	1946	# &_freetls;#d#
		1947	}
		1948	}
		1949
		1950	sub _freetls {
		1951	my ($self) = @_;
		1952
		1953	return unless $self->{tls};
		1954
		1955	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1956	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1957
		1958	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1252	}	1959	}
1253		1960
1254	sub DESTROY {	1961	sub DESTROY {
1255	my $self = shift;	1962	my ($self) = @_;
1256		1963
1257	$self->stoptls;	1964	&_freetls;
		1965
		1966	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1967
		1968	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1969	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1970	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1971
		1972	my @linger;
		1973
		1974	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		1975	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1976
		1977	if ($len > 0) {
		1978	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1979	} else {
		1980	@linger = (); # end
		1981	}
		1982	};
		1983	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		1984	@linger = ();
		1985	};
		1986	}
1258	}	1987	}
		1988
		1989	=item $handle->destroy
		1990
		1991	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1992	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1993	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1994	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1995	empty list).
		1996
		1997	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1998	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1999	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2000	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2001	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2002	that case.
		2003
		2004	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2005	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2006	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2007	reference cycles.
		2008
		2009	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2010	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2011
		2012	=cut
		2013
		2014	sub destroy {
		2015	my ($self) = @_;
		2016
		2017	$self->DESTROY;
		2018	%$self = ();
		2019	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2020	}
		2021
		2022	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2023	#nop
		2024	}
		2025
		2026	=item $handle->destroyed
		2027
		2028	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2029	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2030
		2031	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2032	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2033	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2034	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2035
		2036	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2037	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2038	$hdl->push_write (...
		2039
		2040	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2041	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2042	handle being destroyed.
		2043
		2044	=cut
		2045
		2046	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2047	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1259		2048
1260	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2049	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1261		2050
1262	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2051	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1263	default for TLS mode.	2052	for TLS mode.
1264		2053
1265	The context is created like this:	2054	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1266
1267	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1268	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1269	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1270
1271	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1272
1273	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1274		2055
1275	=cut	2056	=cut
1276		2057
1277	our $TLS_CTX;	2058	our $TLS_CTX;
1278		2059
1279	sub TLS_CTX() {	2060	sub TLS_CTX() {
1280	$TLS_CTX || do {	2061	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1281	require Net::SSLeay;	2062	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1282		2063
1283	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2064	new AnyEvent::TLS
1284	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1285	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1286
1287	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1288
1289	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1290
1291	$TLS_CTX
1292	}	2065	}
1293	}	2066	}
1294		2067
1295	=back	2068	=back
		2069
		2070
		2071	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2072
		2073	=over 4
		2074
		2075	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2076	still get further invocations!
		2077
		2078	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2079	read or write callbacks.
		2080
		2081	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2082	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2083	->destroy >> method.
		2084
		2085	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2086	reading?
		2087
		2088	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2089	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		2090	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2091	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2092
		2093	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2094	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2095	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2096
		2097	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2098	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2099	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2100	C<destroy> method.
		2101
		2102	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2103
		2104	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2105	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2106	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2107	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2108
		2109	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2110	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2111	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2112	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2113	});
		2114
		2115	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2116	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2117	fact, all data has been received.
		2118
		2119	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2120	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2121	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2122	explicit QUIT command.
		2123
		2124	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2125	all data has been written?
		2126
		2127	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2128	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2129	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2130	written to the socket:
		2131
		2132	$handle->push_write (...);
		2133	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2134	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2135	undef $handle;
		2136	});
		2137
		2138	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2139	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2140
		2141	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2142
		2143	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2144	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2145	parameter:
		2146
		2147	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2148	my ($fh) = @_;
		2149
		2150	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2151	fh => $fh,
		2152	tls => "connect",
		2153	on_error => sub { ... };
		2154
		2155	$handle->push_write (...);
		2156	};
		2157
		2158	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2159
		2160	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2161	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2162	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2163
		2164	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2165
		2166	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2167	my ($fh) = @_;
		2168
		2169	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2170	fh => $fh,
		2171	peername => $host,
		2172	tls => "connect",
		2173	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2174	...
		2175
		2176	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2177	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2178	peername verification will be done.
		2179
		2180	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2181	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2182	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2183
		2184	tls_ctx => {
		2185	verify => 1,
		2186	verify_peername => "https",
		2187	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2188	},
		2189
		2190	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2191
		2192	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2193	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2194	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2195	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2196	nice program for that purpose).
		2197
		2198	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2199	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2200	file should then look like this:
		2201
		2202	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2203	...header data
		2204	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2205	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2206
		2207	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2208	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2209	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2210
		2211	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2212	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2213
		2214	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2215	my ($fh) = @_;
		2216
		2217	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2218	fh => $fh,
		2219	tls => "accept",
		2220	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2221	...
		2222
		2223	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2224	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2225
		2226	=back
		2227
1296		2228
1297	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2229	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1298		2230
1299	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2231	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1300		2232
…		…
1304	=over 4	2236	=over 4
1305		2237
1306	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2238	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1307		2239
1308	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2240	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1309	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2241	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1310	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2242	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1311		2243
1312	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2244	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1313		2245
1314	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2246	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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