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Revision 1.193 by root, Mon Mar 15 18:51:30 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
64	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
65		81
66	=over 4	82	=over 4
67		83
68	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		85
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		87
72	=over 4	88	=over 4
73		89
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		91
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	95	that mode.
81		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		115
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
87		121
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	124	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		125
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		127
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		129
		130	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		134	C<$retry> will continue with the next connection target (in case of
		135	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		136	endpoints). At the time it is called the read and write queues, eof
		137	status, tls status and similar properties of the handle will have been
		138	reset.
		139
		140	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		141
		142	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		143
		144	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		145	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		146	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		147
		148	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		149	fatal error instead.
		150
		151	=back
		152
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	153	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		154
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	155	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	156	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	157	connect or a read error.
105		158
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	159	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	160	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	161	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	162	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	163	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		164	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		165	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		166
		167	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		168	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		169	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		170	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		171
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	172	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	173	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	174	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	175	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		176
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	177	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	178	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		179	C<EPROTO>).
119		180
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	181	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	182	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	183	C<croak>.
123		184
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	188	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	189	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	190	read buffer).
130		191
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	192	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	193	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		194	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		195	the beginning from it.
133		196
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	197	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	198	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	199	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	200	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		201
		202	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		203	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		204	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		205	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		206
		207	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		208
		209	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		210	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		211	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		212	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		213	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		214
		215	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		216	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		217	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		218	down.
		219
		220	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		221	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		222
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	223	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		224
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	225	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	226	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	233	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	234	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		235
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	236	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		237
		238	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		239
		240	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		241
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	242	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	243	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	244	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	245	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		246	error will be raised).
		247
		248	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		249	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		250	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		251	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		252	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
158		253
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	254	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	255	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	256	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	257	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		258	restart the timeout.
163		259
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	260	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		261
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	262	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		263
…		…
171		267
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	268	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		269
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	270	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	271	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	272	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		273
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	274	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	275	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	276	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	277	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	278	isn't finished).
183		279
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	280	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		281
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	282	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	283	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	284	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	285	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	286	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		287	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		288
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	289	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	290	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	291	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		292	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		293
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	294	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		295
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	296	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	297	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	298	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		299
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	300	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	301	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		302
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	303	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	304	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		305
		306	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		307
		308	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		309	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		310	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		311	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		312	TCP connections whent he other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		313	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		314	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		315	to 15 minutes later.
		316
		317	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		318	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		319	is usually a good idea.
		320
		321	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		322
		323	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		324	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		325	implements it slightly differently.
		326
		327	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		328	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		329	putting it into the stream.
		330
		331	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		332	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		333	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		334	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		335	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		336	from most attacks.
207		337
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	338	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		339
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	340	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	341	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		342	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		343
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	344	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		345
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	346	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	347	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	348	considered empty.
218		349
		350	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		351	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		352	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		353	is good in almost all cases.
		354
219	=item linger => <seconds>	355	=item linger => <seconds>
220		356
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	357	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	358	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	359	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	360	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	361	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		362
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	363	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	364	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		365	help.
		366
		367	=item peername => $string
		368
		369	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		370	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		371
		372	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		373	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		374	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		375	C<undef>.
229		376
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	377	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		378
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	379	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	380	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
234	data.	381	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		382
		383	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		384	appropriate error message.
235		385
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	386	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	387	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		388	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		389	to add the dependency yourself.
238		390
239	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	391	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	392	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241	mode.	393	mode.
242		394
243	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	395	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
244	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	396	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
245	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	397	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
246	AnyEvent::Handle.	398	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		399	object.
247		400
		401	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		402	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		403	away.
		404
		405	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		406	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		407	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		408	segmentation fault.
		409
248	See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	410	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
249		411
250	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	412	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
251		413
252	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	414	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
253	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	415	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
254	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	416	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		417
		418	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		419	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		420	new TLS context object.
		421
		422	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		423
		424	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		425	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		426	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		427
		428	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		429	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		430
		431	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		432	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		433
		434	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		435	called, as normal.
		436
		437	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		438	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		439	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		440
		441	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		442
		443	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		444	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		445	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		446	on the handle.
		447
		448	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		449	callback.
		450
		451	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		452	underlying handle signals EOF.
255		453
256	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	454	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
257		455
258	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	456	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
259		457
…		…
262	texts.	460	texts.
263		461
264	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	462	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
265	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	463	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
266		464
267	=item filter_r => $cb
268
269	=item filter_w => $cb
270
271	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
272	by the TLS code).
273
274	=back	465	=back
275		466
276	=cut	467	=cut
277		468
278	sub new {	469	sub new {
279	my $class = shift;	470	my $class = shift;
280
281	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	471	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
282		472
283	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	473	if ($self->{fh}) {
		474	$self->_start;
		475	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		476
		477	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		478	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		479
		480	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		481	unless exists $self->{peername};
		482
		483	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		484
		485	{
		486	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		487
		488	$self->{_connect} =
		489	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		490	$self->{connect}[0],
		491	$self->{connect}[1],
		492	sub {
		493	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		494
		495	if ($fh) {
		496	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		497
		498	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		499	$self->_start;
		500
		501	$self->{on_connect}
		502	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		503	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		504	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		505	&$retry;
		506	});
		507
		508	} else {
		509	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		510	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		511	$self->destroy;
		512	} else {
		513	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		514	}
		515	}
		516	},
		517	sub {
		518	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		519
		520	$self->{on_prepare}
		521	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		522	: ()
		523	}
		524	);
		525	}
		526
		527	} else {
		528	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		529	}
		530
		531	$self
		532	}
		533
		534	sub _start {
		535	my ($self) = @_;
284		536
285	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	537	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
286		538
287	if ($self->{tls}) {	539	$self->{_activity} =
288	require Net::SSLeay;	540	$self->{_ractivity} =
		541	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		542
		543	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		544	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		545	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		546
		547	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		548	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		549
		550	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		551
289	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	552	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
290	}	553	if $self->{tls};
291		554
292	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
293	$self->_timeout;
294
295	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	555	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
296	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
297		556
298	$self->start_read	557	$self->start_read
299	if $self->{on_read};	558	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
300		559
301	$self	560	$self->_drain_wbuf;
302	}
303
304	sub _shutdown {
305	my ($self) = @_;
306
307	delete $self->{_tw};
308	delete $self->{_rw};
309	delete $self->{_ww};
310	delete $self->{fh};
311
312	$self->stoptls;
313
314	delete $self->{on_read};
315	delete $self->{_queue};
316	}	561	}
317		562
318	sub _error {	563	sub _error {
319	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	564	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
320
321	$self->_shutdown
322	if $fatal;
323		565
324	$! = $errno;	566	$! = $errno;
		567	$message ||= "$!";
325		568
326	if ($self->{on_error}) {	569	if ($self->{on_error}) {
327	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	570	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
328	} else {	571	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		572	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		573	$self->destroy;
329	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	574	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
330	}	575	}
331	}	576	}
332		577
333	=item $fh = $handle->fh	578	=item $fh = $handle->fh
334		579
335	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	580	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
336		581
337	=cut	582	=cut
338		583
339	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	584	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
340		585
…		…
358	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	603	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
359	}	604	}
360		605
361	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	606	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
362		607
363	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	608	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
364	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
365	argument.
366		609
367	=cut	610	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
368		611
369	sub on_timeout {	612	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
370	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	613	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
371	}	614	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		615
		616	=cut
		617
		618	# see below
372		619
373	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	620	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
374		621
375	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	622	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
376	constructor argument).	623	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
377		624
378	=cut	625	=cut
		626
		627	sub autocork {
		628	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		629	}
379		630
380	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	631	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
381		632
382	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	633	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
383	the same name for details).	634	the same name for details).
…		…
387	sub no_delay {	638	sub no_delay {
388	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	639	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
389		640
390	eval {	641	eval {
391	local $SIG{__DIE__};	642	local $SIG{__DIE__};
392	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	643	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		644	if $_[0]{fh};
393	};	645	};
394	}	646	}
395		647
		648	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		649
		650	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		651	the same name for details).
		652
		653	=cut
		654
		655	sub keepalive {
		656	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		657
		658	eval {
		659	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		660	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		661	if $_[0]{fh};
		662	};
		663	}
		664
		665	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		666
		667	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		668	the same name for details).
		669
		670	=cut
		671
		672	sub oobinline {
		673	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		674
		675	eval {
		676	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		677	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		678	if $_[0]{fh};
		679	};
		680	}
		681
		682	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		683
		684	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		685	the same name for details).
		686
		687	=cut
		688
		689	sub keepalive {
		690	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		691
		692	eval {
		693	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		694	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		695	if $_[0]{fh};
		696	};
		697	}
		698
		699	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		700
		701	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		702
		703	=cut
		704
		705	sub on_starttls {
		706	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		707	}
		708
		709	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		710
		711	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		712
		713	=cut
		714
		715	sub on_stoptls {
		716	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		717	}
		718
		719	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		720
		721	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		722
		723	=cut
		724
		725	sub rbuf_max {
		726	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		727	}
		728
396	#############################################################################	729	#############################################################################
397		730
398	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	731	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
399		732
		733	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		734
		735	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		736
400	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	737	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
401		738
402	=cut	739	=item $handle->timeout_reset
403		740
404	sub timeout {	741	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		742
		743	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		744
		745	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		746
		747	These methods are cheap to call.
		748
		749	=cut
		750
		751	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		752	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		753	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		754	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		755	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		756	my $cb;
		757
		758	*$on_timeout = sub {
		759	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		760	};
		761
		762	*$timeout = sub {
405	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	763	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
406		764
407	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	765	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
408	$self->_timeout;	766	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
409	}	767	};
410		768
		769	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		770	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		771	};
		772
		773	# main workhorse:
411	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	774	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
412	# also check for time-outs	775	# also check for time-outs
413	sub _timeout {	776	$cb = sub {
414	my ($self) = @_;	777	my ($self) = @_;
415		778
416	if ($self->{timeout}) {	779	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
417	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	780	my $NOW = AE::now;
418		781
419	# when would the timeout trigger?	782	# when would the timeout trigger?
420	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	783	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
421		784
422	# now or in the past already?	785	# now or in the past already?
423	if ($after <= 0) {	786	if ($after <= 0) {
424	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	787	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
425		788
426	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	789	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
427	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	790	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
428	} else {	791	} else {
429	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	792	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		793	}
		794
		795	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		796	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		797
		798	# calculate new after
		799	$after = $self->{$timeout};
430	}	800	}
431		801
432	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	802	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
433	return unless $self->{timeout};	803	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
434		804
435	# calculate new after	805	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
436	$after = $self->{timeout};	806	delete $self->{$tw};
		807	$cb->($self);
		808	};
		809	} else {
		810	delete $self->{$tw};
437	}	811	}
438
439	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
440	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
441
442	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
443	delete $self->{_tw};
444	$self->_timeout;
445	});
446	} else {
447	delete $self->{_tw};
448	}	812	}
449	}	813	}
450		814
451	#############################################################################	815	#############################################################################
452		816
…		…
468	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	832	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
469		833
470	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	834	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
471	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	835	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
472		836
		837	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		838	destroyed after it returns).
		839
473	=cut	840	=cut
474		841
475	sub on_drain {	842	sub on_drain {
476	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	843	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
477		844
478	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	845	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
479		846
480	$cb->($self)	847	$cb->($self)
481	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	848	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
482	}	849	}
483		850
484	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	851	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
485		852
486	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	853	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
487	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	854	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
488	buffers it independently of the kernel.	855	buffers it independently of the kernel.
489		856
		857	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		858	destroyed after it returns).
		859
490	=cut	860	=cut
491		861
492	sub _drain_wbuf {	862	sub _drain_wbuf {
493	my ($self) = @_;	863	my ($self) = @_;
494		864
…		…
497	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	867	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
498		868
499	my $cb = sub {	869	my $cb = sub {
500	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	870	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
501		871
502	if ($len >= 0) {	872	if (defined $len) {
503	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	873	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
504		874
505	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	875	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
506		876
507	$self->{on_drain}($self)	877	$self->{on_drain}($self)
508	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	878	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
509	&& $self->{on_drain};	879	&& $self->{on_drain};
510		880
511	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	881	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
512	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	882	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
513	$self->_error ($!, 1);	883	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
516		886
517	# try to write data immediately	887	# try to write data immediately
518	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	888	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
519		889
520	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	890	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
521	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	891	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
522	if length $self->{wbuf};	892	if length $self->{wbuf};
523	};	893	};
524	}	894	}
525		895
526	our %WH;	896	our %WH;
527		897
		898	# deprecated
528	sub register_write_type($$) {	899	sub register_write_type($$) {
529	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	900	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
530	}	901	}
531		902
532	sub push_write {	903	sub push_write {
533	my $self = shift;	904	my $self = shift;
534		905
535	if (@_ > 1) {	906	if (@_ > 1) {
536	my $type = shift;	907	my $type = shift;
537		908
		909	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
538	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	910	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
539	->($self, @_);	911	->($self, @_);
540	}	912	}
541		913
		914	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		915	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		916
542	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	917	if ($self->{tls}) {
543	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	918	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		919	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
544	} else {	920	} else {
545	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	921	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
546	$self->_drain_wbuf;	922	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
547	}	923	}
548	}	924	}
549		925
550	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	926	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
551		927
552	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	928	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
553	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	929	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		930	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		931	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		932	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
554		933
555	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	934	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
556	drop by and tell us):	935	drop by and tell us):
557		936
558	=over 4	937	=over 4
…		…
565	=cut	944	=cut
566		945
567	register_write_type netstring => sub {	946	register_write_type netstring => sub {
568	my ($self, $string) = @_;	947	my ($self, $string) = @_;
569		948
570	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	949	(length $string) . ":$string,"
571	};	950	};
572		951
573	=item packstring => $format, $data	952	=item packstring => $format, $data
574		953
575	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	954	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
615	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	994	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
616	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	995	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
617		996
618	=cut	997	=cut
619		998
		999	sub json_coder() {
		1000	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1001	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1002	}
		1003
620	register_write_type json => sub {	1004	register_write_type json => sub {
621	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1005	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
622		1006
623	require JSON;	1007	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
624		1008
625	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1009	$json->encode ($ref)
626	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
627	};	1010	};
628		1011
629	=item storable => $reference	1012	=item storable => $reference
630		1013
631	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1014	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
641	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1024	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
642	};	1025	};
643		1026
644	=back	1027	=back
645		1028
646	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1029	=item $handle->push_shutdown
647		1030
648	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1031	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1032	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1033	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1034	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1035	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1036
		1037	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1038
		1039	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1040	the peer.
		1041
		1042	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1043	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1044
		1045	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1046	destroyed after it returns).
		1047
		1048	=cut
		1049
		1050	sub push_shutdown {
		1051	my ($self) = @_;
		1052
		1053	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1054	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1055	}
		1056
		1057	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1058
		1059	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1060	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1061	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1062	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1063	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1064
649	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1065	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
650	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1066	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
651		1067
652	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1068	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
653	be appended to the write buffer.	1069	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1070	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
654		1071
655	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1072	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
656	global, so try to use unique names.	1073	arguments using the first one.
		1074
		1075	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1076
		1077	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1078	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1079	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1080
		1081	package My::Type;
		1082
		1083	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1084	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1085
		1086	join $delim, @args
		1087	}
657		1088
658	=cut	1089	=cut
659		1090
660	#############################################################################	1091	#############################################################################
661		1092
…		…
743	=cut	1174	=cut
744		1175
745	sub _drain_rbuf {	1176	sub _drain_rbuf {
746	my ($self) = @_;	1177	my ($self) = @_;
747		1178
		1179	# avoid recursion
		1180	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
748	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1181	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
749
750	if (
751	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
752	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
753	) {
754	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
755	}
756		1182
757	while () {	1183	while () {
		1184	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1185	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1186	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1187	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1188
758	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1189	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
759		1190
760	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1191	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
761	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1192	unless ($cb->($self)) {
762	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1193	# no progress can be made
763	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1194	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
764	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1195	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
765	}	1196	if $self->{_eof};
766		1197
767	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1198	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
768	last;	1199	last;
769	}	1200	}
770	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1201	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
777	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1208	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
778	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1209	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
779	) {	1210	) {
780	# no further data will arrive	1211	# no further data will arrive
781	# so no progress can be made	1212	# so no progress can be made
782	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1213	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
783	if $self->{_eof};	1214	if $self->{_eof};
784		1215
785	last; # more data might arrive	1216	last; # more data might arrive
786	}	1217	}
787	} else {	1218	} else {
788	# read side becomes idle	1219	# read side becomes idle
789	delete $self->{_rw};	1220	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
790	last;	1221	last;
791	}	1222	}
792	}	1223	}
793		1224
794	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1225	if ($self->{_eof}) {
795	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1226	$self->{on_eof}
796	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1227	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
797	} else {	1228	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
798	$self->_error (0, 1);	1229
799	}	1230	return;
		1231	}
		1232
		1233	if (
		1234	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1235	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1236	) {
		1237	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
800	}	1238	}
801		1239
802	# may need to restart read watcher	1240	# may need to restart read watcher
803	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1241	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
804	$self->start_read	1242	$self->start_read
…		…
810		1248
811	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1249	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
812	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1250	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
813	constructor.	1251	constructor.
814		1252
		1253	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1254	destroyed after it returns).
		1255
815	=cut	1256	=cut
816		1257
817	sub on_read {	1258	sub on_read {
818	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1259	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
819		1260
820	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1261	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
821	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1262	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
822	}	1263	}
823		1264
824	=item $handle->rbuf	1265	=item $handle->rbuf
825		1266
826	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1267	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
827		1268
828	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1269	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
829	you want.	1270	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1271	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1272	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1273	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
830		1274
831	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1275	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
832	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1276	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
833	automatically manage the read buffer.	1277	automatically manage the read buffer.
834		1278
…		…
855		1299
856	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1300	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
857	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1301	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
858	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1302	true, it will be removed from the queue.
859		1303
		1304	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1305	destroyed after it returns).
		1306
860	=cut	1307	=cut
861		1308
862	our %RH;	1309	our %RH;
863		1310
864	sub register_read_type($$) {	1311	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
870	my $cb = pop;	1317	my $cb = pop;
871		1318
872	if (@_) {	1319	if (@_) {
873	my $type = shift;	1320	my $type = shift;
874		1321
		1322	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
875	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1323	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
876	->($self, $cb, @_);	1324	->($self, $cb, @_);
877	}	1325	}
878		1326
879	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1327	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
880	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1328	$self->_drain_rbuf;
881	}	1329	}
882		1330
883	sub unshift_read {	1331	sub unshift_read {
884	my $self = shift;	1332	my $self = shift;
885	my $cb = pop;	1333	my $cb = pop;
…		…
889		1337
890	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1338	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
891	->($self, $cb, @_);	1339	->($self, $cb, @_);
892	}	1340	}
893		1341
894
895	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1342	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
896	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1343	$self->_drain_rbuf;
897	}	1344	}
898		1345
899	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1346	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
900		1347
901	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1348	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
902		1349
903	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1350	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
904	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1351	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
905	etc.	1352	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1353	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1354	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
906		1355
907	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1356	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
908	drop by and tell us):	1357	drop by and tell us):
909		1358
910	=over 4	1359	=over 4
…		…
1034	return 1;	1483	return 1;
1035	}	1484	}
1036		1485
1037	# reject	1486	# reject
1038	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1487	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1039	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1488	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1040	}	1489	}
1041		1490
1042	# skip	1491	# skip
1043	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1492	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1044	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1493	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1060	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1509	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1061		1510
1062	sub {	1511	sub {
1063	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1512	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1064	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1513	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1065	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1514	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1066	}	1515	}
1067	return;	1516	return;
1068	}	1517	}
1069		1518
1070	my $len = $1;	1519	my $len = $1;
…		…
1073	my $string = $_[1];	1522	my $string = $_[1];
1074	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1523	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1075	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1524	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1076	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1525	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1077	} else {	1526	} else {
1078	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1527	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1079	}	1528	}
1080	});	1529	});
1081	});	1530	});
1082		1531
1083	1	1532	1
…		…
1089	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1538	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1090	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1539	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1091	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1540	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1092	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1541	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1093		1542
1094	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1543	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1544	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1095		1545
1096	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1546	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1097	format (very efficient).	1547	format (very efficient).
1098		1548
1099	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1549	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1129	}	1579	}
1130	};	1580	};
1131		1581
1132	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1582	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1133		1583
1134	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1584	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1585	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1135		1586
1136	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1587	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1137	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1588	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1138		1589
1139	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1590	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1148	=cut	1599	=cut
1149		1600
1150	register_read_type json => sub {	1601	register_read_type json => sub {
1151	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1602	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1152		1603
1153	require JSON;	1604	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1154		1605
1155	my $data;	1606	my $data;
1156	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1607	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1157		1608
1158	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1159
1160	sub {	1609	sub {
1161	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1610	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1162		1611
1163	if ($ref) {	1612	if ($ref) {
1164	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1613	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1165	$json->incr_text = "";	1614	$json->incr_text = "";
1166	$cb->($self, $ref);	1615	$cb->($self, $ref);
1167		1616
1168	1	1617	1
		1618	} elsif ($@) {
		1619	# error case
		1620	$json->incr_skip;
		1621
		1622	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1623	$json->incr_text = "";
		1624
		1625	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1626
		1627	()
1169	} else {	1628	} else {
1170	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1629	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1630
1171	()	1631	()
1172	}	1632	}
1173	}	1633	}
1174	};	1634	};
1175		1635
…		…
1207	# read remaining chunk	1667	# read remaining chunk
1208	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1668	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1209	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1669	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1210	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1670	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1211	} else {	1671	} else {
1212	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1672	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1213	}	1673	}
1214	});	1674	});
1215	}	1675	}
1216		1676
1217	1	1677	1
1218	}	1678	}
1219	};	1679	};
1220		1680
1221	=back	1681	=back
1222		1682
1223	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1683	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1224		1684
1225	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1685	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1686	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1687	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1688	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1689	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1226		1690
1227	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1691	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1228	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1692	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1229	arguments.
1230		1693
1231	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1694	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1232	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1695	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1696	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1697	converter.
1233		1698
1234	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1699	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1235	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1700	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1701	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1236		1702
1237	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1238	global, so try to use unique names.
1239
1240	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1703	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1241	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1704	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1242		1705
1243	=item $handle->stop_read	1706	=item $handle->stop_read
1244		1707
1245	=item $handle->start_read	1708	=item $handle->start_read
1246		1709
…		…
1252	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1715	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1253	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1716	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1254	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1717	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1255	there are any read requests in the queue.	1718	there are any read requests in the queue.
1256		1719
		1720	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1721	half-duplex connections).
		1722
1257	=cut	1723	=cut
1258		1724
1259	sub stop_read {	1725	sub stop_read {
1260	my ($self) = @_;	1726	my ($self) = @_;
1261		1727
1262	delete $self->{_rw};	1728	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1263	}	1729	}
1264		1730
1265	sub start_read {	1731	sub start_read {
1266	my ($self) = @_;	1732	my ($self) = @_;
1267		1733
1268	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1734	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1269	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1735	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1270		1736
1271	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1737	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1272	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1738	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1273	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1739	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1274		1740
1275	if ($len > 0) {	1741	if ($len > 0) {
1276	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1742	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1277		1743
1278	$self->{filter_r}	1744	if ($self->{tls}) {
1279	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1745	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1280	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1746
		1747	&_dotls ($self);
		1748	} else {
		1749	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1750	}
1281		1751
1282	} elsif (defined $len) {	1752	} elsif (defined $len) {
1283	delete $self->{_rw};	1753	delete $self->{_rw};
1284	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1754	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1285	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1755	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1286		1756
1287	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1757	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1288	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1758	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1289	}	1759	}
1290	});	1760	};
1291	}	1761	}
1292	}	1762	}
1293		1763
		1764	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1765	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1766
		1767	sub _tls_error {
		1768	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1769
		1770	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1771	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1772
		1773	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1774
		1775	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1776	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1777
		1778	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1779	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1780	&_freetls;
		1781	} else {
		1782	&_freetls;
		1783	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1784	}
		1785	}
		1786
		1787	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1788	# also decode read data if possible
		1789	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1790	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1791	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1294	sub _dotls {	1792	sub _dotls {
1295	my ($self) = @_;	1793	my ($self) = @_;
1296		1794
1297	my $buf;	1795	my $tmp;
1298		1796
1299	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1797	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1300	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1798	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1301	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1799	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1302	}	1800	}
1303	}
1304		1801
		1802	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1803	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1804	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1805	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1806	}
		1807
		1808	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1809	unless (length $tmp) {
		1810	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1811	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1812	&_freetls;
		1813
		1814	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1815	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1816	return;
		1817	} else {
		1818	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1819	delete $self->{_rw};
		1820	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1821	}
		1822	}
		1823
		1824	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1825	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1826	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1827	}
		1828
		1829	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1830	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1831	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1832	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1833
1305	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1834	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1306	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1835	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1307	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1836	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1837	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1308	}	1838	}
1309		1839
1310	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1840	$self->{_on_starttls}
1311	if (length $buf) {	1841	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1312	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1842	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1313	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1314	} else {
1315	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1316	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1317	$self->_shutdown;
1318	return;
1319	}
1320	}
1321
1322	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1323
1324	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1325	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1326	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1327	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1328	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1329	}
1330
1331	# all others are fine for our purposes
1332	}
1333	}	1843	}
1334		1844
1335	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1845	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1336		1846
1337	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1847	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1338	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1848	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1339	C<starttls>.	1849	C<starttls>.
1340		1850
		1851	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1852	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1853	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1854
1341	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1855	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1342	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1856	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1343		1857
1344	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1858	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1345	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1859	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1860	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1861	construct a new context.
1346		1862
1347	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1863	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1348	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1864	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1349	might have already started when this function returns.	1865	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1866	when this function returns.
1350		1867
		1868	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1869	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1870	stopping TLS.
		1871
		1872	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1873	destroyed after it returns).
		1874
1351	=cut	1875	=cut
		1876
		1877	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1352		1878
1353	sub starttls {	1879	sub starttls {
1354	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1880	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1355		1881
1356	$self->stoptls;	1882	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1883	if $self->{tls};
1357		1884
1358	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1885	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1359	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1886	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1360	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1887
1361	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1888	return unless $self->{fh};
1362	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1889
1363	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1890	require Net::SSLeay;
		1891
		1892	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1893	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1894
		1895	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1896	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1897
		1898	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1899
		1900	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1901	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1902
		1903	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1904	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1905	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1906	} else {
		1907	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1908	}
		1909	}
1364	}	1910
1365		1911	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1366	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1912	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1367		1913
1368	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1914	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1369	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1915	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1370	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1916	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1371	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1917	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1372	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1918	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1373	#	1919	#
1374	# in short: this is a mess.	1920	# in short: this is a mess.
1375	#	1921	#
1376	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1922	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1377	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1923	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1378	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	1924	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1925	# have identity issues in that area.
1379	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1926	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1380	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1927	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1381	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1928	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1929	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1382		1930
1383	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1931	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1384	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1932	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1385		1933
		1934	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1935
1386	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1936	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1387		1937
1388	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1938	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1389	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1939	if $self->{on_starttls};
1390	&_dotls;	1940
1391	};	1941	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1392	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1942	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1393	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1394	&_dotls;
1395	};
1396	}	1943	}
1397		1944
1398	=item $handle->stoptls	1945	=item $handle->stoptls
1399		1946
1400	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1947	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1401	lost.	1948	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1949	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		1950	the stream afterwards.
		1951
		1952	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1953	destroyed after it returns).
1402		1954
1403	=cut	1955	=cut
1404		1956
1405	sub stoptls {	1957	sub stoptls {
1406	my ($self) = @_;	1958	my ($self) = @_;
1407		1959
1408	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1960	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		1961	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1409		1962
1410	delete $self->{_rbio};	1963	&_dotls;
1411	delete $self->{_wbio};	1964
1412	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1965	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1413	delete $self->{filter_r};	1966	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1414	delete $self->{filter_w};	1967	# &_freetls;#d#
		1968	}
		1969	}
		1970
		1971	sub _freetls {
		1972	my ($self) = @_;
		1973
		1974	return unless $self->{tls};
		1975
		1976	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1977	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1978
		1979	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1415	}	1980	}
1416		1981
1417	sub DESTROY {	1982	sub DESTROY {
1418	my $self = shift;	1983	my ($self) = @_;
1419		1984
1420	$self->stoptls;	1985	&_freetls;
1421		1986
1422	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1987	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1423		1988
1424	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1989	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1425	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1990	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1426	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1991	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1427		1992
1428	my @linger;	1993	my @linger;
1429		1994
1430	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1995	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1431	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1996	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1432		1997
1433	if ($len > 0) {	1998	if ($len > 0) {
1434	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1999	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1435	} else {	2000	} else {
1436	@linger = (); # end	2001	@linger = (); # end
1437	}	2002	}
1438	});	2003	};
1439	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2004	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1440	@linger = ();	2005	@linger = ();
1441	});	2006	};
1442	}	2007	}
1443	}	2008	}
		2009
		2010	=item $handle->destroy
		2011
		2012	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2013	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2014	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2015	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2016	empty list).
		2017
		2018	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2019	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2020	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2021	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2022	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2023	that case.
		2024
		2025	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2026	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2027	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2028	reference cycles.
		2029
		2030	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2031	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2032
		2033	=cut
		2034
		2035	sub destroy {
		2036	my ($self) = @_;
		2037
		2038	$self->DESTROY;
		2039	%$self = ();
		2040	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2041	}
		2042
		2043	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2044	#nop
		2045	}
		2046
		2047	=item $handle->destroyed
		2048
		2049	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2050	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2051
		2052	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2053	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2054	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2055	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2056
		2057	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2058	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2059	$hdl->push_write (...
		2060
		2061	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2062	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2063	handle being destroyed.
		2064
		2065	=cut
		2066
		2067	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2068	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1444		2069
1445	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2070	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1446		2071
1447	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2072	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1448	default for TLS mode.	2073	for TLS mode.
1449		2074
1450	The context is created like this:	2075	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1451
1452	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1453	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1454	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1455
1456	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1457
1458	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1459		2076
1460	=cut	2077	=cut
1461		2078
1462	our $TLS_CTX;	2079	our $TLS_CTX;
1463		2080
1464	sub TLS_CTX() {	2081	sub TLS_CTX() {
1465	$TLS_CTX || do {	2082	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1466	require Net::SSLeay;	2083	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1467		2084
1468	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2085	new AnyEvent::TLS
1469	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1470	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1471
1472	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1473
1474	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1475
1476	$TLS_CTX
1477	}	2086	}
1478	}	2087	}
1479		2088
1480	=back	2089	=back
		2090
		2091
		2092	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2093
		2094	=over 4
		2095
		2096	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2097	still get further invocations!
		2098
		2099	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2100	read or write callbacks.
		2101
		2102	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2103	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2104	->destroy >> method.
		2105
		2106	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2107	reading?
		2108
		2109	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2110	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		2111	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2112	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2113
		2114	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2115	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2116	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2117
		2118	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2119	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2120	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2121	C<destroy> method.
		2122
		2123	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2124
		2125	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2126	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2127	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2128	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2129
		2130	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2131	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2132	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2133	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2134	});
		2135
		2136	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2137	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2138	fact, all data has been received.
		2139
		2140	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2141	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2142	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2143	explicit QUIT command.
		2144
		2145	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2146	all data has been written?
		2147
		2148	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2149	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2150	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2151	written to the socket:
		2152
		2153	$handle->push_write (...);
		2154	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2155	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2156	undef $handle;
		2157	});
		2158
		2159	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2160	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2161
		2162	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2163
		2164	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2165	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2166	parameter:
		2167
		2168	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2169	my ($fh) = @_;
		2170
		2171	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2172	fh => $fh,
		2173	tls => "connect",
		2174	on_error => sub { ... };
		2175
		2176	$handle->push_write (...);
		2177	};
		2178
		2179	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2180
		2181	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2182	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2183	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2184
		2185	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2186
		2187	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2188	my ($fh) = @_;
		2189
		2190	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2191	fh => $fh,
		2192	peername => $host,
		2193	tls => "connect",
		2194	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2195	...
		2196
		2197	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2198	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2199	peername verification will be done.
		2200
		2201	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2202	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2203	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2204
		2205	tls_ctx => {
		2206	verify => 1,
		2207	verify_peername => "https",
		2208	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2209	},
		2210
		2211	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2212
		2213	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2214	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2215	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2216	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2217	nice program for that purpose).
		2218
		2219	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2220	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2221	file should then look like this:
		2222
		2223	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2224	...header data
		2225	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2226	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2227
		2228	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2229	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2230	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2231
		2232	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2233	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2234
		2235	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2236	my ($fh) = @_;
		2237
		2238	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2239	fh => $fh,
		2240	tls => "accept",
		2241	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2242	...
		2243
		2244	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2245	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2246
		2247	=back
		2248
1481		2249
1482	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2250	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1483		2251
1484	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2252	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1485		2253

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