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Revision 1.20 by elmex, Sat May 24 08:16:50 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.202 by root, Sat Oct 16 02:01:54 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util ();
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on filehandles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	This module is experimental.
18
19	=cut
20
21	our $VERSION = '0.04';
22		4
23	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
24		6
25	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
26	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
27		9
28	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
29		11
30	my $ae_fh = AnyEvent::Handle->new (fh => \*STDIN);	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
31
32	#TODO
33
34	# or use the constructor to pass the callback:
35
36	my $ae_fh2 =
37	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
38	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
39	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
40	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
41	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
42	#TODO	17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
43	);	19	};
44		20
45	$cv->wait;	21	# send some request line
		22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
		23
		24	# read the response line
		25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
		28	$cv->send;
		29	});
		30
		31	$cv->recv;
46		32
47	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
48		34
49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
52		37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		40
53	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
54	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
55	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
56		47
57	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
58	argument.	49	argument.
59		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
60	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
61		81
62	=over 4	82	=over 4
63		83
64	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
65		85
66	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
67		87
68	=over 4	88	=over 4
69		89
70	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
71		91
72	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
73
74	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
75	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		95	that mode.
76		96
77	=item on_eof => $cb->($self)	97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
78		98
79	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
80		102
81	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
82	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
83	waiting for data.
84		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
85	=item on_error => $cb->($self)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
86		115
		116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
		121
		122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		124	default timeout is to be used).
		125
		126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		127
		128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		129
		130	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry>
		134	will continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed
		135	hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). At the
		136	time it is called the read and write queues, eof status, tls status and
		137	similar properties of the handle will have been reset.
		138
		139	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		140
		141	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		142
		143	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		144	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		145	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		146
		147	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		148	fatal error instead.
		149
		150	=back
		151
		152	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		153
87	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	154	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
88	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	155	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
89	or a read error.	156	connect, or a read error.
90		157
91	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	158	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
92	called.	159	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		160	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		161	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		162	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		163	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		164	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
93		165
		166	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		167	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		168	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		169	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		170
		171	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		172	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		173	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		174	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		175
94	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	176	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
95	error (or C<ENOSPC> or C<EPIPE>).	177	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		178	C<EPROTO>).
96		179
97	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	180	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
98	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	181	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
99	die.	182	C<croak>.
100		183
101	=item on_read => $cb->($self)	184	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
102		185
103	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	186	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
104	and no read request is in the queue.	187	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		188	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		189	read buffer).
105		190
106	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	191	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
107	method or access the C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly.	192	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		193	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		194	the beginning from it.
108		195
		196	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		197	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		198
109	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	199	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
110	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	200	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
111	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	201	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
112	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	202	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
113		203
		204	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		205	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		206	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		207	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		208
		209	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		210
		211	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		212	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		213	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		214	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		215	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		216
		217	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		218	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		219	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		220	down.
		221
		222	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		223	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		224
114	=item on_drain => $cb->()	225	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
115		226
116	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	227	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
117	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	228	(or immediately if the buffer is empty already).
118		229
119	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	230	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		231
		232	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		233	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		234	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		235	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		236	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		237
		238	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		239
		240	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		241
		242	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		243
		244	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
		245	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
		246	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
		247	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		248	error will be raised).
		249
		250	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently
		251	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		252	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		253	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		254	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		255
		256	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have
		257	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		258	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the timeout
		259	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		260	restart the timeout.
		261
		262	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
		263
		264	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		265
		266	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		267	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		268	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
120		269
121	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	270	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
122		271
123	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	272	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
124	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	273	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
125	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	274	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
126		275
127	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	276	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
128	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	277	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
129	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	278	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
130	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	279	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
131	isn't finished).	280	isn't finished).
132		281
		282	=item autocork => <boolean>
		283
		284	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
		285	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
		286	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		287	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		288	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		289	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		290
		291	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		292	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		293	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		294	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		295
		296	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		297
		298	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		299	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		300	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		301
		302	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		303	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		304
		305	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
		306	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		307
		308	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		309
		310	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		311	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		312	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		313	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		314	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		315	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		316	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		317	to 15 minutes later.
		318
		319	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		320	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		321	is usually a good idea.
		322
		323	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		324
		325	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		326	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		327	implements it slightly differently.
		328
		329	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		330	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		331	putting it into the stream.
		332
		333	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		334	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		335	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		336	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		337	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		338	from most attacks.
		339
133	=item read_size => <bytes>	340	=item read_size => <bytes>
134		341
135	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	342	The default read block size (the number of bytes this module will
136	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	343	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		344	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
137		345
138	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	346	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
139		347
140	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	348	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
141	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	349	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
142	considered empty.	350	considered empty.
143		351
		352	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		353	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		354	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		355	is good in almost all cases.
		356
		357	=item linger => <seconds>
		358
		359	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
		360	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		361	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		362	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		363	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		364
		365	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		366	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		367	help.
		368
		369	=item peername => $string
		370
		371	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		372	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		373
		374	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		375	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		376	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		377	C<undef>.
		378
144	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	379	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
145		380
146	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	381	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
147	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	382	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
148	data.	383	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
149		384
150	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	385	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
151	connection, use C<connect> mode.	386	appropriate error message.
		387
		388	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
		389	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		390	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		391	to add the dependency yourself.
		392
		393	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
		394	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		395	mode.
152		396
153	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	397	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
154	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	398	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
155	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	399	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
156	AnyEvent::Handle.	400	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		401	object.
157		402
158	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	403	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		404	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		405	away.
159		406
		407	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		408	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		409	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		410	segmentation fault.
		411
		412	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
		413
		414	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
		415
160	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	416	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
161	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	417	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
162	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	418	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
163		419
		420	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		421	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		422	new TLS context object.
		423
		424	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		425
		426	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		427	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		428	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		429
		430	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		431	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		432
		433	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		434	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		435
		436	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		437	called as usual.
		438
		439	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		440	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		441	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		442
		443	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		444
		445	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		446	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		447	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		448	on the handle.
		449
		450	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		451	callback.
		452
		453	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		454	underlying handle signals EOF.
		455
		456	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
		457
		458	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
		459
		460	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		461	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		462	texts.
		463
		464	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
		465	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
		466
164	=back	467	=back
165		468
166	=cut	469	=cut
167		470
168	sub new {	471	sub new {
169	my $class = shift;	472	my $class = shift;
170
171	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	473	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
172		474
173	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	475	if ($self->{fh}) {
		476	$self->_start;
		477	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		478
		479	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		480	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		481
		482	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		483	unless exists $self->{peername};
		484
		485	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		486
		487	{
		488	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		489
		490	$self->{_connect} =
		491	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		492	$self->{connect}[0],
		493	$self->{connect}[1],
		494	sub {
		495	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		496
		497	if ($fh) {
		498	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		499
		500	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		501	$self->_start;
		502
		503	$self->{on_connect}
		504	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		505	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		506	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		507	&$retry;
		508	});
		509
		510	} else {
		511	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		512	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		513	$self->destroy;
		514	} else {
		515	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		516	}
		517	}
		518	},
		519	sub {
		520	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		521
		522	$self->{on_prepare}
		523	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		524	: ()
		525	}
		526	);
		527	}
		528
		529	} else {
		530	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		531	}
		532
		533	$self
		534	}
		535
		536	sub _start {
		537	my ($self) = @_;
		538
		539	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		540	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		541	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		542	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		543	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
174		544
175	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	545	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
176		546
177	if ($self->{tls}) {	547	$self->{_activity} =
178	require Net::SSLeay;	548	$self->{_ractivity} =
		549	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		550
		551	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		552	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		553	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		554
		555	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		556	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		557
		558	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		559
179	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	560	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
180	}	561	if $self->{tls};
181		562
182	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
183	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
184	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	563	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
185	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
186		564
187	$self->start_read;	565	$self->start_read
		566	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
188		567
189	$self	568	$self->_drain_wbuf;
190	}	569	}
191		570
192	sub _shutdown {
193	my ($self) = @_;
194
195	delete $self->{rw};
196	delete $self->{ww};
197	delete $self->{fh};
198	}
199
200	sub error {	571	sub _error {
201	my ($self) = @_;	572	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
202		573
203	{	574	$! = $errno;
204	local $!;	575	$message ||= "$!";
205	$self->_shutdown;
206	}
207		576
208	if ($self->{on_error}) {	577	if ($self->{on_error}) {
209	$self->{on_error}($self);	578	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
210	} else {	579	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		580	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		581	$self->destroy;
211	die "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	582	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
212	}	583	}
213	}	584	}
214		585
215	=item $fh = $handle->fh	586	=item $fh = $handle->fh
216		587
217	This method returns the filehandle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	588	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
218		589
219	=cut	590	=cut
220		591
221	sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} }	592	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
222		593
223	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)	594	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
224		595
225	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).	596	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
226		597
…		…
238		609
239	sub on_eof {	610	sub on_eof {
240	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	611	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
241	}	612	}
242		613
		614	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		615
		616	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
		617
		618	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
		619
		620	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		621	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		622	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		623
		624	=cut
		625
		626	# see below
		627
		628	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		629
		630	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		631	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		632
		633	=cut
		634
		635	sub autocork {
		636	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		637	}
		638
		639	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		640
		641	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		642	the same name for details).
		643
		644	=cut
		645
		646	sub no_delay {
		647	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		648
		649	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		650	if $_[0]{fh};
		651	}
		652
		653	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		654
		655	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		656	the same name for details).
		657
		658	=cut
		659
		660	sub keepalive {
		661	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		662
		663	eval {
		664	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		665	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		666	if $_[0]{fh};
		667	};
		668	}
		669
		670	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		671
		672	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		673	the same name for details).
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	sub oobinline {
		678	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		679
		680	eval {
		681	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		682	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		683	if $_[0]{fh};
		684	};
		685	}
		686
		687	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		688
		689	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		690	the same name for details).
		691
		692	=cut
		693
		694	sub keepalive {
		695	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		696
		697	eval {
		698	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		699	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		700	if $_[0]{fh};
		701	};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		705
		706	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub on_starttls {
		711	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		712	}
		713
		714	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		715
		716	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		717
		718	=cut
		719
		720	sub on_stoptls {
		721	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		722	}
		723
		724	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		725
		726	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		727
		728	=cut
		729
		730	sub rbuf_max {
		731	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		732	}
		733
		734	#############################################################################
		735
		736	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		737
		738	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		739
		740	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		741
		742	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		743
		744	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		745
		746	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		747
		748	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		749
		750	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		751
		752	These methods are cheap to call.
		753
		754	=cut
		755
		756	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		757	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		758	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		759	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		760	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		761	my $cb;
		762
		763	*$on_timeout = sub {
		764	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		765	};
		766
		767	*$timeout = sub {
		768	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
		769
		770	$new_value >= 0
		771	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		772
		773	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
		774	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
		775	};
		776
		777	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		778	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		779	};
		780
		781	# main workhorse:
		782	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		783	# also check for time-outs
		784	$cb = sub {
		785	my ($self) = @_;
		786
		787	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
		788	my $NOW = AE::now;
		789
		790	# when would the timeout trigger?
		791	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
		792
		793	# now or in the past already?
		794	if ($after <= 0) {
		795	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
		796
		797	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
		798	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
		799	} else {
		800	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		801	}
		802
		803	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		804	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		805
		806	# calculate new after
		807	$after = $self->{$timeout};
		808	}
		809
		810	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		811	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		812
		813	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
		814	delete $self->{$tw};
		815	$cb->($self);
		816	};
		817	} else {
		818	delete $self->{$tw};
		819	}
		820	}
		821	}
		822
243	#############################################################################	823	#############################################################################
244		824
245	=back	825	=back
246		826
247	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	827	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
260	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	840	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
261		841
262	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	842	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
263	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	843	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
264		844
		845	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		846	destroyed after it returns).
		847
265	=cut	848	=cut
266		849
267	sub on_drain {	850	sub on_drain {
268	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	851	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
269		852
270	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	853	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
271		854
272	$cb->($self)	855	$cb->($self)
273	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	856	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
274	}	857	}
275		858
276	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	859	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
277		860
278	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	861	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
279	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	862	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
280	buffers it independently of the kernel.	863	buffers it independently of the kernel.
281		864
		865	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		866	destroyed after it returns).
		867
282	=cut	868	=cut
283		869
284	sub _drain_wbuf {	870	sub _drain_wbuf {
285	my ($self) = @_;	871	my ($self) = @_;
286		872
287	unless ($self->{ww}) {	873	if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		874
288	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	875	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		876
289	my $cb = sub {	877	my $cb = sub {
290	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	878	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
291		879
292	if ($len > 0) {	880	if (defined $len) {
293	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	881	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
294		882
		883	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		884
295	$self->{on_drain}($self)	885	$self->{on_drain}($self)
296	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	886	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
297	&& $self->{on_drain};	887	&& $self->{on_drain};
298		888
299	delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	889	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
300	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	890	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
301	$self->error;	891	$self->_error ($!, 1);
302	}	892	}
303	};	893	};
304		894
305	$self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb);	895	# try to write data immediately
		896	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
306		897
307	$cb->($self);	898	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
		899	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
		900	if length $self->{wbuf};
308	};	901	};
		902	}
		903
		904	our %WH;
		905
		906	# deprecated
		907	sub register_write_type($$) {
		908	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
309	}	909	}
310		910
311	sub push_write {	911	sub push_write {
312	my $self = shift;	912	my $self = shift;
313		913
		914	if (@_ > 1) {
		915	my $type = shift;
		916
		917	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
		918	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
		919	->($self, @_);
		920	}
		921
		922	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		923	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		924
314	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	925	if ($self->{tls}) {
315	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	926	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		927	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
316	} else {	928	} else {
317	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	929	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	930	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
319	}	931	}
320	}	932	}
		933
		934	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
		935
		936	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
		937	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		938	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		939	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		940	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
		941
		942	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
		943	drop by and tell us):
		944
		945	=over 4
		946
		947	=item netstring => $string
		948
		949	Formats the given value as netstring
		950	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
		951
		952	=cut
		953
		954	register_write_type netstring => sub {
		955	my ($self, $string) = @_;
		956
		957	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		958	};
		959
		960	=item packstring => $format, $data
		961
		962	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		963	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		964	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		965	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		966
		967	=cut
		968
		969	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		970	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		971
		972	pack "$format/a*", $string
		973	};
		974
		975	=item json => $array_or_hashref
		976
		977	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
		978	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
		979	in UTF-8.
		980
		981	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
		982	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
		983	additional framing.
		984
		985	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
		986	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
		987	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
		988
		989	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
		990	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
		991	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
		992	JSON text:
		993
		994	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		995	$handle->push_write ("\012");
		996
		997	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
		998	rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
		999
		1000	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1001
		1002	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
		1003	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
		1004
		1005	=cut
		1006
		1007	sub json_coder() {
		1008	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1009	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1010	}
		1011
		1012	register_write_type json => sub {
		1013	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1014
		1015	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
		1016
		1017	$json->encode ($ref)
		1018	};
		1019
		1020	=item storable => $reference
		1021
		1022	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1023	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1024
		1025	=cut
		1026
		1027	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1028	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1029
		1030	require Storable;
		1031
		1032	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1033	};
		1034
		1035	=back
		1036
		1037	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		1038
		1039	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1040	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1041	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1042	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1043	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1044
		1045	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1046
		1047	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1048	the peer.
		1049
		1050	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1051	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1052
		1053	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1054	destroyed after it returns).
		1055
		1056	=cut
		1057
		1058	sub push_shutdown {
		1059	my ($self) = @_;
		1060
		1061	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1062	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1063	}
		1064
		1065	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1066
		1067	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1068	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1069	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1070	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1071	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1072
		1073	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
		1074	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
		1075
		1076	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
		1077	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1078	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
		1079
		1080	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
		1081	arguments using the first one.
		1082
		1083	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1084
		1085	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1086	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1087	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1088
		1089	package My::Type;
		1090
		1091	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1092	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1093
		1094	join $delim, @args
		1095	}
		1096
		1097	=cut
321		1098
322	#############################################################################	1099	#############################################################################
323		1100
324	=back	1101	=back
325		1102
…		…
332	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1109	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
333	a queue.	1110	a queue.
334		1111
335	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1112	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
336	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1113	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
337	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1114	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
338	or not.	1115	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1116	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1117	e.g. C<push_read>.
339		1118
340	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1119	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
341	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1120	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
342	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	1121	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
343	below).	1122	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
344		1123
345	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1124	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
346	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1125	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
347		1126
348	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	1127	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
349	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	1128	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
350		1129
351	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	1130	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
352	$handle->on_read (sub {	1131	$handle->on_read (sub {
353	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	1132	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
354	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	1133	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
355	# header arrived, decode	1134	# header arrived, decode
356	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	1135	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
357		1136
358	# now read the payload	1137	# now read the payload
359	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	1138	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
360	my $xml = $_[1];	1139	my $xml = $_[1];
361	# handle xml	1140	# handle xml
362	});	1141	});
363	});	1142	});
364	});	1143	});
365		1144
366	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1145	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
367	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1146	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
368	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1147	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
369	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1148	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
370	the callbacks:	1149	in the callbacks.
371		1150
372	# request one	1151	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1152	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1153	64-byte chunk callback.
		1154
		1155	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
373	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1156	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
374		1157
375	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1158	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
376	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	1159	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
377	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1160	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
378	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	1161	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
379	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	1162	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
380	# we don't do this in case we got an error	1163	# we don't do this in case we got an error
381	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	1164	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
382	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	1165	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
383	my $response = $_[1];	1166	my $response = $_[1];
384	...	1167	...
385	});	1168	});
386	}	1169	}
387	});	1170	});
388		1171
389	# request two	1172	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
390	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1173	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
391		1174
392	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1175	# simply read 64 bytes, always
393	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	1176	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
394	my $response = $_[1];	1177	my $response = $_[1];
395	...	1178	...
396	});	1179	});
397		1180
398	=over 4	1181	=over 4
399		1182
400	=cut	1183	=cut
401		1184
402	sub _drain_rbuf {	1185	sub _drain_rbuf {
403	my ($self) = @_;	1186	my ($self) = @_;
		1187
		1188	# avoid recursion
		1189	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1190	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1191
		1192	while () {
		1193	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1194	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1195	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1196	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1197
		1198	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1199
		1200	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1201	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1202	# no progress can be made
		1203	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1204	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1205	if $self->{_eof};
		1206
		1207	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1208	last;
		1209	}
		1210	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1211	last unless $len;
		1212
		1213	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1214
		1215	if (
		1216	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1217	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1218	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1219	) {
		1220	# no further data will arrive
		1221	# so no progress can be made
		1222	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1223	if $self->{_eof};
		1224
		1225	last; # more data might arrive
		1226	}
		1227	} else {
		1228	# read side becomes idle
		1229	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1230	last;
		1231	}
		1232	}
		1233
		1234	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1235	$self->{on_eof}
		1236	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1237	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1238
		1239	return;
		1240	}
404		1241
405	if (	1242	if (
406	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1243	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
407	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1244	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
408	) {	1245	) {
409	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;	1246	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
410	}	1247	}
411		1248
412	return if $self->{in_drain};	1249	# may need to restart read watcher
413	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1250	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
414		1251	$self->start_read
415	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1252	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
416	no strict 'refs';
417	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{queue} }) {
418	if (!$cb->($self)) {
419	if ($self->{eof}) {
420	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
421	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
422	}
423
424	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;
425	return;
426	}
427	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
428	$self->{on_read}($self);
429
430	if (
431	$self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
432	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
433	&& !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty
434	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
435	) {
436	# then no progress can be made
437	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
438	}
439	} else {
440	# read side becomes idle
441	delete $self->{rw};
442	return;
443	}
444	}
445
446	if ($self->{eof}) {
447	$self->_shutdown;
448	$self->{on_eof}($self)
449	if $self->{on_eof};
450	}	1253	}
451	}	1254	}
452		1255
453	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1256	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
454		1257
455	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1258	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
456	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1259	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
457	constructor.	1260	constructor.
458		1261
		1262	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1263	destroyed after it returns).
		1264
459	=cut	1265	=cut
460		1266
461	sub on_read {	1267	sub on_read {
462	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1268	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
463		1269
464	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1270	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1271	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
465	}	1272	}
466		1273
467	=item $handle->rbuf	1274	=item $handle->rbuf
468		1275
469	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1276	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1277	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1278	much faster, and no less clean).
470		1279
471	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1280	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
472	you want.	1281	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1282	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
473		1283
474	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1284	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
475	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1285	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
476	automatically manage the read buffer.	1286	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1287	will manage the read buffer on their own.
477		1288
478	=cut	1289	=cut
479		1290
480	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1291	sub rbuf : lvalue {
481	$_[0]{rbuf}	1292	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
498		1309
499	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1310	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
500	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1311	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
501	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1312	true, it will be removed from the queue.
502		1313
		1314	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1315	destroyed after it returns).
		1316
503	=cut	1317	=cut
		1318
		1319	our %RH;
		1320
		1321	sub register_read_type($$) {
		1322	$RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
		1323	}
504		1324
505	sub push_read {	1325	sub push_read {
506	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1326	my $self = shift;
		1327	my $cb = pop;
507		1328
		1329	if (@_) {
		1330	my $type = shift;
		1331
		1332	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
		1333	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
		1334	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1335	}
		1336
508	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1337	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
509	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1338	$self->_drain_rbuf;
510	}	1339	}
511		1340
512	sub unshift_read {	1341	sub unshift_read {
513	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1342	my $self = shift;
		1343	my $cb = pop;
514		1344
		1345	if (@_) {
		1346	my $type = shift;
		1347
		1348	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
		1349	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
		1350	->($self, $cb, @_);
		1351	}
		1352
515	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1353	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
516	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1354	$self->_drain_rbuf;
517	}	1355	}
518		1356
519	=item $handle->push_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1357	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
520		1358
521	=item $handle->unshift_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data))	1359	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
522		1360
523	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_chunk>) or	1361	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
524	prepend it (C<unshift_read_chunk>).	1362	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
		1363	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1364	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1365	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
525		1366
526	The callback will be called only once C<$len> bytes have been read, and	1367	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
527	these C<$len> bytes will be passed to the callback.	1368	drop by and tell us):
528		1369
529	=cut	1370	=over 4
530		1371
531	sub _read_chunk($$) {	1372	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
		1373
		1374	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
		1375	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
		1376	data.
		1377
		1378	Example: read 2 bytes.
		1379
		1380	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
		1381	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];
		1382	});
		1383
		1384	=cut
		1385
		1386	register_read_type chunk => sub {
532	my ($self, $len, $cb) = @_;	1387	my ($self, $cb, $len) = @_;
533		1388
534	sub {	1389	sub {
535	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;	1390	$len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;
536	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1391	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
537	1	1392	1
538	}	1393	}
539	}	1394	};
540		1395
541	sub push_read_chunk {	1396	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
542	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_chunk);
543	}
544
545
546	sub unshift_read_chunk {
547	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_chunk);
548	}
549
550	=item $handle->push_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
551
552	=item $handle->unshift_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
553
554	Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_line>) or
555	prepend it (C<unshift_read_line>).
556		1397
557	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1398	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
558	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1399	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
559	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1400	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
560	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).	1401	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
…		…
571	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are	1412	Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are
572	not marked by the end of line marker.	1413	not marked by the end of line marker.
573		1414
574	=cut	1415	=cut
575		1416
576	sub _read_line($$) {	1417	register_read_type line => sub {
577	my $self = shift;	1418	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
578	my $cb = pop;
579	my $eol = @_ ? shift : qr|(\015?\012)|;
580	my $pos;
581		1419
		1420	if (@_ < 3) {
		1421	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1422	sub {
		1423	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1424
		1425	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1426	1
		1427	}
		1428	} else {
582	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1429	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
583	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1430	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
		1431
		1432	sub {
		1433	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
		1434
		1435	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1436	1
		1437	}
		1438	}
		1439	};
		1440
		1441	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
		1442
		1443	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
		1444	everything up to and including the match.
		1445
		1446	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
		1447
		1448	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
		1449
		1450	If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
		1451	to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
		1452	does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
		1453	useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
		1454	receive buffer overflow).
		1455
		1456	Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
		1457	anything else (not the use of an anchor).
		1458
		1459	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
		1460
		1461	If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
		1462	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
		1463	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
		1464	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
		1465	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
		1466	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
		1467	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
		1468
		1469	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
		1470	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
		1471	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
		1472	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
		1473	required for the accept regex.
		1474
		1475	$handle->push_read (regex =>
		1476	qr<\015\012\015\012>,
		1477	undef, # no reject
		1478	qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
		1479	sub { ... });
		1480
		1481	=cut
		1482
		1483	register_read_type regex => sub {
		1484	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
		1485
		1486	my $data;
		1487	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
584		1488
585	sub {	1489	sub {
586	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1490	# accept
		1491	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
		1492	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1493	$cb->($self, $data);
		1494	return 1;
		1495	}
		1496
		1497	# reject
		1498	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
		1499	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1500	}
587		1501
588	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1502	# skip
		1503	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
		1504	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1505	}
		1506
		1507	()
		1508	}
		1509	};
		1510
		1511	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1512
		1513	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1514
		1515	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1516
		1517	=cut
		1518
		1519	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1520	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1521
		1522	sub {
		1523	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1524	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1525	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1526	}
		1527	return;
		1528	}
		1529
		1530	my $len = $1;
		1531
		1532	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1533	my $string = $_[1];
		1534	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1535	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1536	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1537	} else {
		1538	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1539	}
		1540	});
		1541	});
		1542
589	1	1543	1
590	}	1544	}
591	}	1545	};
592		1546
593	sub push_read_line {	1547	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
594	$_[0]->push_read (&_read_line);
595	}
596		1548
597	sub unshift_read_line {	1549	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
598	$_[0]->unshift_read (&_read_line);	1550	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
599	}	1551	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1552	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1553
		1554	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1555	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1556
		1557	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1558	format (very efficient).
		1559
		1560	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1561	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1562	});
		1563
		1564	=cut
		1565
		1566	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1567	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1568
		1569	sub {
		1570	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1571	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1572	or return;
		1573
		1574	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1575
		1576	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1577	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1578	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1579	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1580	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1581	} else {
		1582	# remove prefix
		1583	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1584
		1585	# read remaining chunk
		1586	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1587	}
		1588
		1589	1
		1590	}
		1591	};
		1592
		1593	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
		1594
		1595	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1596	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1597
		1598	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
		1599	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
		1600
		1601	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
		1602	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
		1603	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
		1604	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
		1605
		1606	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
		1607	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
		1608	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1609
		1610	=cut
		1611
		1612	register_read_type json => sub {
		1613	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1614
		1615	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
		1616
		1617	my $data;
		1618	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
		1619
		1620	sub {
		1621	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
		1622
		1623	if ($ref) {
		1624	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1625	$json->incr_text = "";
		1626	$cb->($self, $ref);
		1627
		1628	1
		1629	} elsif ($@) {
		1630	# error case
		1631	$json->incr_skip;
		1632
		1633	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1634	$json->incr_text = "";
		1635
		1636	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1637
		1638	()
		1639	} else {
		1640	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1641
		1642	()
		1643	}
		1644	}
		1645	};
		1646
		1647	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1648
		1649	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1650	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1651	data).
		1652
		1653	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1654
		1655	=cut
		1656
		1657	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1658	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1659
		1660	require Storable;
		1661
		1662	sub {
		1663	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1664	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1665	or return;
		1666
		1667	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1668
		1669	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1670	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1671	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1672	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1673	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1674	} else {
		1675	# remove prefix
		1676	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1677
		1678	# read remaining chunk
		1679	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1680	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1681	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1682	} else {
		1683	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1684	}
		1685	});
		1686	}
		1687
		1688	1
		1689	}
		1690	};
		1691
		1692	=back
		1693
		1694	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
		1695
		1696	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1697	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1698	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1699	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1700	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1701
		1702	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
		1703	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
		1704
		1705	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
		1706	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1707	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1708	converter.
		1709
		1710	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
		1711	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1712	although there is no strict requirement on this).
		1713
		1714	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
		1715	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
600		1716
601	=item $handle->stop_read	1717	=item $handle->stop_read
602		1718
603	=item $handle->start_read	1719	=item $handle->start_read
604		1720
605	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1721	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
606	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1722	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
607	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start readign again, call	1723	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
608	C<start_read>.	1724	C<start_read>.
		1725
		1726	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1727	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1728	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1729	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1730
		1731	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1732	half-duplex connections).
609		1733
610	=cut	1734	=cut
611		1735
612	sub stop_read {	1736	sub stop_read {
613	my ($self) = @_;	1737	my ($self) = @_;
614		1738
615	delete $self->{rw};	1739	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
616	}	1740	}
617		1741
618	sub start_read {	1742	sub start_read {
619	my ($self) = @_;	1743	my ($self) = @_;
620		1744
621	unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {	1745	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
622	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1746	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
623		1747
624	$self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1748	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
625	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1749	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
626	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1750	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
627		1751
628	if ($len > 0) {	1752	if ($len > 0) {
629	$self->{filter_r}	1753	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
630	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1754
		1755	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1756	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1757
		1758	&_dotls ($self);
		1759	} else {
631	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1760	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1761	}
632		1762
633	} elsif (defined $len) {	1763	} elsif (defined $len) {
634	delete $self->{rw};	1764	delete $self->{_rw};
635	$self->{eof} = 1;	1765	$self->{_eof} = 1;
636	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1766	$self->_drain_rbuf;
637		1767
638	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	1768	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
639	return $self->error;	1769	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
640	}	1770	}
641	});	1771	};
642	}	1772	}
643	}	1773	}
644		1774
		1775	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1776	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1777
		1778	sub _tls_error {
		1779	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1780
		1781	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1782	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1783
		1784	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1785
		1786	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1787	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1788
		1789	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1790	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1791	&_freetls;
		1792	} else {
		1793	&_freetls;
		1794	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1795	}
		1796	}
		1797
		1798	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1799	# also decode read data if possible
		1800	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1801	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1802	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
645	sub _dotls {	1803	sub _dotls {
646	my ($self) = @_;	1804	my ($self) = @_;
647		1805
		1806	my $tmp;
		1807
648	if (length $self->{tls_wbuf}) {	1808	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
649	my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{tls_wbuf});	1809	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
650	substr $self->{tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "" if $len > 0;	1810	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
651	}	1811	}
652		1812
		1813	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1814	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1815	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1816	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1817	}
		1818
653	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{tls_wbio}))) {	1819	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1820	unless (length $tmp) {
		1821	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1822	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1823	&_freetls;
		1824
		1825	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1826	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1827	return;
		1828	} else {
		1829	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1830	delete $self->{_rw};
		1831	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1832	}
		1833	}
		1834
		1835	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1836	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1837	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1838	}
		1839
		1840	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1841	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1842	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1843	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1844
		1845	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
654	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1846	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
655	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1847	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1848	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
656	}	1849	}
657		1850
658	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1851	$self->{_on_starttls}
659	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1852	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
660	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1853	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
661	} elsif (	1854	}
662	(my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1))	1855
		1856	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
		1857
		1858	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
		1859	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
		1860	C<starttls>.
		1861
		1862	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1863	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1864	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1865
		1866	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
		1867	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
		1868
		1869	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
		1870	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1871	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1872	construct a new context.
		1873
		1874	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
		1875	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
		1876	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1877	when this function returns.
		1878
		1879	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1880	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1881	stream after stopping TLS.
		1882
		1883	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1884	destroyed after it returns).
		1885
		1886	=cut
		1887
		1888	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1889
		1890	sub starttls {
		1891	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
		1892
		1893	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1894	if $self->{tls};
		1895
		1896	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1897	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1898
		1899	return unless $self->{fh};
		1900
		1901	require Net::SSLeay;
		1902
		1903	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
663	!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()	1904	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
664	) {	1905
665	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {	1906	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
666	$self->error;	1907	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
667	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {	1908
668	$! = &Errno::EIO;	1909	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
669	$self->error;	1910
		1911	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1912	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1913
		1914	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1915	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1916	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1917	} else {
		1918	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
670	}	1919	}
671		1920	}
672	# all others are fine for our purposes
673	}	1921
674	}	1922	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
		1923	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
675		1924
676	# TODO: maybe document...	1925	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
677	sub starttls {	1926	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
678	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1927	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
679		1928	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
680	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1929	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
681	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
682	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
683	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
684	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
685	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
686	}	1930	#
		1931	# in short: this is a mess.
		1932	#
		1933	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1934	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1935	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1936	# have identity issues in that area.
		1937	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
		1938	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
		1939	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1940	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
687		1941
688	$self->{tls} = $ssl;
689
690	$self->{tls_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1942	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
691	$self->{tls_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1943	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
692		1944
		1945	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1946
693	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{tls_rbio}, $self->{tls_wbio});	1947	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
694		1948
695	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1949	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
696	$_[0]{tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1950	if $self->{on_starttls};
		1951
		1952	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
		1953	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
		1954	}
		1955
		1956	=item $handle->stoptls
		1957
		1958	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
		1959	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1960	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		1961	the stream afterwards.
		1962
		1963	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1964	destroyed after it returns).
		1965
		1966	=cut
		1967
		1968	sub stoptls {
		1969	my ($self) = @_;
		1970
		1971	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		1972	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
		1973
697	&_dotls;	1974	&_dotls;
		1975
		1976	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
		1977	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
		1978	# &_freetls;#d#
		1979	}
		1980	}
		1981
		1982	sub _freetls {
		1983	my ($self) = @_;
		1984
		1985	return unless $self->{tls};
		1986
		1987	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1988	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1989
		1990	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		1991	}
		1992
		1993	sub DESTROY {
		1994	my ($self) = @_;
		1995
		1996	&_freetls;
		1997
		1998	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1999
		2000	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		2001	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		2002	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		2003
		2004	my @linger;
		2005
		2006	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		2007	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		2008
		2009	if ($len > 0) {
		2010	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		2011	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
		2012	@linger = (); # end
		2013	}
		2014	};
		2015	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2016	@linger = ();
		2017	};
		2018	}
		2019	}
		2020
		2021	=item $handle->destroy
		2022
		2023	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2024	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2025	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2026	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2027	empty list).
		2028
		2029	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2030	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2031	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2032	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2033	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2034	that case.
		2035
		2036	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2037	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2038	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2039	reference cycles.
		2040
		2041	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2042	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2043
		2044	=cut
		2045
		2046	sub destroy {
		2047	my ($self) = @_;
		2048
		2049	$self->DESTROY;
		2050	%$self = ();
		2051	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2052	}
		2053
		2054	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2055	#nop
		2056	}
		2057
		2058	=item $handle->destroyed
		2059
		2060	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2061	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2062
		2063	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2064	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2065	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2066	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2067
		2068	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2069	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2070	$hdl->push_write (...
		2071
		2072	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2073	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2074	handle being destroyed.
		2075
		2076	=cut
		2077
		2078	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2079	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
		2080
		2081	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
		2082
		2083	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
		2084	for TLS mode.
		2085
		2086	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
		2087
		2088	=cut
		2089
		2090	our $TLS_CTX;
		2091
		2092	sub TLS_CTX() {
		2093	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
		2094	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2095
		2096	new AnyEvent::TLS
		2097	}
		2098	}
		2099
		2100	=back
		2101
		2102
		2103	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2104
		2105	=over 4
		2106
		2107	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2108	still get further invocations!
		2109
		2110	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2111	read or write callbacks.
		2112
		2113	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2114	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2115	->destroy >> method.
		2116
		2117	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2118	reading?
		2119
		2120	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2121	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2122	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2123	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2124
		2125	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2126	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2127	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2128
		2129	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2130	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2131	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2132	C<destroy> method.
		2133
		2134	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2135
		2136	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2137	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2138	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2139	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2140
		2141	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2142	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2143	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2144	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2145	});
		2146
		2147	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2148	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2149	fact all data has been received.
		2150
		2151	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2152	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2153	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2154	explicit QUIT command.
		2155
		2156	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2157	all data has been written?
		2158
		2159	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2160	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2161	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2162	written to the socket:
		2163
		2164	$handle->push_write (...);
		2165	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2166	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2167	undef $handle;
		2168	});
		2169
		2170	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2171	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2172
		2173	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2174
		2175	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2176	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2177	parameter:
		2178
		2179	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2180	my ($fh) = @_;
		2181
		2182	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2183	fh => $fh,
		2184	tls => "connect",
		2185	on_error => sub { ... };
		2186
		2187	$handle->push_write (...);
698	};	2188	};
699	$self->{filter_r} = sub {
700	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{tls_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
701	&_dotls;
702	};
703	}
704		2189
705	sub DESTROY {	2190	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
706	my $self = shift;
707		2191
708	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2192	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
709	}	2193	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2194	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
710		2195
711	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2196	E.g. for HTTPS:
712		2197
713	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2198	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
714	default for TLS mode.	2199	my ($fh) = @_;
715		2200
716	The context is created like this:	2201	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2202	fh => $fh,
		2203	peername => $host,
		2204	tls => "connect",
		2205	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2206	...
717		2207
718	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;	2208	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
719	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;	2209	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
720	Net::SSLeay::randomize;	2210	peername verification will be done.
721		2211
722	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;	2212	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2213	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2214	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
723		2215
724	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL	2216	tls_ctx => {
		2217	verify => 1,
		2218	verify_peername => "https",
		2219	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2220	},
725		2221
726	=cut	2222	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
727		2223
728	our $TLS_CTX;	2224	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2225	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2226	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2227	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2228	nice program for that purpose).
729		2229
730	sub TLS_CTX() {	2230	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
731	$TLS_CTX || do {	2231	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
732	require Net::SSLeay;	2232	file should then look like this:
733		2233
734	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2234	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
735	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2235	...header data
736	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2236	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2237	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
737		2238
738	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2239	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2240	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2241	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
739		2242
740	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());	2243	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2244	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
741		2245
742	$TLS_CTX	2246	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
743	}	2247	my ($fh) = @_;
744	}	2248
		2249	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2250	fh => $fh,
		2251	tls => "accept",
		2252	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2253	...
		2254
		2255	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2256	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
745		2257
746	=back	2258	=back
747		2259
		2260
		2261	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
		2262
		2263	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
		2264
		2265	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
		2266	conventions:
		2267
		2268	=over 4
		2269
		2270	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
		2271
		2272	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
		2273	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
		2274	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
		2275
		2276	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
		2277
		2278	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
		2279	with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
		2280	for use for subclasses.
		2281
		2282	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
		2283	are free to use in subclasses.
		2284
		2285	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
		2286	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
		2287
		2288	=back
		2289
748	=head1 AUTHOR	2290	=head1 AUTHOR
749		2291
750	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2292	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
751		2293
752	=cut	2294	=cut

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