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Revision 1.47 by root, Thu May 29 00:25:28 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.236 by root, Sat May 12 23:14:29 2012 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = '0.04';
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
57		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
61	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
62		83
63	=over 4	84	=over 4
64		85
65	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		87
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		89
69	=over 4	90	=over 4
70		91
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		93
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		97	that mode.
77		98
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
79		100
80	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
81		104
82	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
83	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
84	waiting for data.
85		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
86	=item on_error => $cb->($handle)	116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
87		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
		140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
		146
		147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		148
		149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		150
		151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		156	fatal error instead.
		157
		158	=back
		159
		160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		161
88	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90	or a read error.	164	connect, or a read error.
91		165
92	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93	called.	167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
94		173
		174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
		185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		189
95	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
96	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
97		192	C<EPROTO>).
98	The callback should throw an exception. If it returns, then
99	AnyEvent::Handle will C<croak> for you.
100		193
101	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
102	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
103	die.	196	C<croak>.
104		197
105	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
106		199
107	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
108	and no read request is in the queue.	201	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		202	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		203	read buffer).
109		204
110	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
111	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		208	the beginning from it.
112		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
113	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
114	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
115	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
116	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
117		217
		218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		219	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		220	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		221	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		222
		223	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		224
		225	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		226	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		227	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		228	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		229	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		230
		231	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		232	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		233	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		234	down.
		235
		236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		238
118	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
119		240
120	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
121	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
122		243
123	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
124		245
		246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		248	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		251
125	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
126		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
127	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
128	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
129	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
130	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
131		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
132	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
133	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
134	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
135	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
		275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
136		276
137	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
138		278
139	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
140		284
141	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
142	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
143	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
144		288
145	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	289	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
146		290
147	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	291	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
148	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	292	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
149	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	293	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
150		294
151	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	295	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
152	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
153	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
154	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
155	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
156		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
		316	=item autocork => <boolean>
		317
		318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
		319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
		320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		324
		325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		329
		330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		331
		332	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		333	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		335
		336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		338
		339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
		340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
		373
157	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
158		375
159	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
160	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
		378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
161		388
162	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
163		390
164	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
165	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
166	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
167		394
		395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		398	is good in almost all cases.
		399
		400	=item linger => <seconds>
		401
		402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
		403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		407
		408	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		409	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		410	help.
		411
		412	=item peername => $string
		413
		414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		416
		417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		420	C<undef>.
		421
168	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
169		423
170	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
171	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
172	data.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		427
		428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		429	appropriate error message.
173		430
174	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
175	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		434	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		435	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
176		436
177	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	437	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
178	connection, use C<connect> mode.	438	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		439	mode.
179		440
180	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	441	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
181	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	442	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
182	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	443	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
183	AnyEvent::Handle.	444	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		445	object.
184		446
		447	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		448	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		449	away.
		450
		451	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		452	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		453	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		454	segmentation fault.
		455
185	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	456	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
186		457
187	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	458	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
188		459
189	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	460	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
190	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	461	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
191	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	462	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		463	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		464
		465	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		466	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		467	new TLS context object.
		468
		469	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		470
		471	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		472	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		473	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		474
		475	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		476	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		477
		478	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		479	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		480
		481	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		482	called as usual.
		483
		484	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		485	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		486	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		487
		488	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		489
		490	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		491	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		492	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		493	on the handle.
		494
		495	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		496	callback.
		497
		498	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		499	underlying handle signals EOF.
192		500
193	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	501	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
194		502
195	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	503	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
196		504
197	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	505	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
198	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	506	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		507	texts.
199		508
200	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	509	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
201	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	510	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
202		511
203	=item filter_r => $cb
204
205	=item filter_w => $cb
206
207	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
208
209	=back	512	=back
210		513
211	=cut	514	=cut
212		515
213	sub new {	516	sub new {
214	my $class = shift;	517	my $class = shift;
215
216	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	518	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
217		519
218	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	520	if ($self->{fh}) {
		521	$self->_start;
		522	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		523
		524	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		525	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		526
		527	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		528	unless exists $self->{peername};
		529
		530	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		531
		532	{
		533	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		534
		535	$self->{_connect} =
		536	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		537	$self->{connect}[0],
		538	$self->{connect}[1],
		539	sub {
		540	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		541
		542	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		543
		544	if ($fh) {
		545	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		546
		547	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		548	$self->_start;
		549
		550	$self->{on_connect}
		551	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		552	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		553	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		554	&$retry;
		555	});
		556
		557	} else {
		558	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		559	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		560	$self->destroy if $self;
		561	} else {
		562	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		563	}
		564	}
		565	},
		566	sub {
		567	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		568
		569	$self->{on_prepare}
		570	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		571	: ()
		572	}
		573	);
		574	}
		575
		576	} else {
		577	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		578	}
		579
		580	$self
		581	}
		582
		583	sub _start {
		584	my ($self) = @_;
		585
		586	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		587	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		588	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		589	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		590	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
219		591
220	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	592	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
221		593
222	if ($self->{tls}) {	594	$self->{_activity} =
223	require Net::SSLeay;	595	$self->{_ractivity} =
		596	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		597
		598	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		599	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		600	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		601
		602	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		603	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		604	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		605
		606	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		607	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		608
		609	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		610
224	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	611	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
225	}	612	if $self->{tls};
226		613
227	# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
228	# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
229	# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
230	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	614	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
231		615
232	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
233	$self->_timeout;
234
235	$self->start_read;	616	$self->start_read
		617	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
236		618
237	$self	619	$self->_drain_wbuf;
238	}	620	}
239		621
240	sub _shutdown {
241	my ($self) = @_;
242
243	delete $self->{_tw};
244	delete $self->{_rw};
245	delete $self->{_ww};
246	delete $self->{fh};
247	}
248
249	sub error {	622	sub _error {
250	my ($self) = @_;	623	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
251		624
252	{	625	$! = $errno;
253	local $!;	626	$message ||= "$!";
254	$self->_shutdown;
255	}
256		627
257	$self->{on_error}($self)
258	if $self->{on_error};	628	if ($self->{on_error}) {
259		629	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
		630	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		631	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		632	$self->destroy;
260	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	633	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
		634	}
261	}	635	}
262		636
263	=item $fh = $handle->fh	637	=item $fh = $handle->fh
264		638
265	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	639	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
266		640
267	=cut	641	=cut
268		642
269	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	643	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
270		644
…		…
288	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	662	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
289	}	663	}
290		664
291	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	665	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
292		666
293	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	667	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
294	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
295	argument.
296		668
297	=cut	669	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
298		670
		671	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		672	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		673	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	# see below
		678
		679	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		680
		681	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		682	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		683
		684	=cut
		685
		686	sub autocork {
		687	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		688	}
		689
		690	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		691
		692	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		693	the same name for details).
		694
		695	=cut
		696
		697	sub no_delay {
		698	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		699
		700	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		701	if $_[0]{fh};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		705
		706	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		707	the same name for details).
		708
		709	=cut
		710
		711	sub keepalive {
		712	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		713
		714	eval {
		715	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		716	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		717	if $_[0]{fh};
		718	};
		719	}
		720
		721	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		722
		723	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		724	the same name for details).
		725
		726	=cut
		727
		728	sub oobinline {
		729	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		730
		731	eval {
		732	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		733	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		734	if $_[0]{fh};
		735	};
		736	}
		737
		738	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		739
		740	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		741	the same name for details).
		742
		743	=cut
		744
		745	sub keepalive {
		746	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		747
		748	eval {
		749	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		750	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		751	if $_[0]{fh};
		752	};
		753	}
		754
		755	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		756
		757	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		758
		759	=cut
		760
		761	sub on_starttls {
		762	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		763	}
		764
		765	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		766
		767	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		768
		769	=cut
		770
299	sub on_timeout {	771	sub on_stoptls {
300	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	772	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		773	}
		774
		775	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		776
		777	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		778
		779	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		780
		781	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		782
		783	=cut
		784
		785	sub rbuf_max {
		786	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		787	}
		788
		789	sub wbuf_max {
		790	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
301	}	791	}
302		792
303	#############################################################################	793	#############################################################################
304		794
305	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	795	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
306		796
		797	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		798
		799	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		800
307	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	801	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
308		802
309	=cut	803	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		804	handle before it returns.
310		805
311	sub timeout {	806	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		807
		808	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		809
		810	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		811
		812	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		813
		814	These methods are cheap to call.
		815
		816	=cut
		817
		818	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		819	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		820	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		821	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		822	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		823	my $cb;
		824
		825	*$on_timeout = sub {
		826	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		827	};
		828
		829	*$timeout = sub {
312	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	830	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
313		831
		832	$new_value >= 0
		833	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		834
314	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	835	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
315	$self->_timeout;	836	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
316	}	837	};
317		838
		839	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		840	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		841	};
		842
		843	# main workhorse:
318	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	844	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
319	# also check for time-outs	845	# also check for time-outs
320	sub _timeout {	846	$cb = sub {
321	my ($self) = @_;	847	my ($self) = @_;
322		848
323	if ($self->{timeout}) {	849	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
324	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	850	my $NOW = AE::now;
325		851
326	# when would the timeout trigger?	852	# when would the timeout trigger?
327	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	853	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
328		854
329	# now or in the past already?	855	# now or in the past already?
330	if ($after <= 0) {	856	if ($after <= 0) {
331	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	857	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
332		858
333	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	859	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
334	$self->{on_timeout}->($self);	860	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
335	} else {	861	} else {
336	$! = Errno::ETIMEDOUT;	862	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
337	$self->error;	863	}
		864
		865	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		866	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		867
		868	# calculate new after
		869	$after = $self->{$timeout};
338	}	870	}
339		871
340	# callbakx could have changed timeout value, optimise	872	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
341	return unless $self->{timeout};	873	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
342		874
343	# calculate new after	875	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
344	$after = $self->{timeout};	876	delete $self->{$tw};
		877	$cb->($self);
		878	};
		879	} else {
		880	delete $self->{$tw};
345	}	881	}
346
347	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
348
349	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
350	delete $self->{_tw};
351	$self->_timeout;
352	});
353	} else {
354	delete $self->{_tw};
355	}	882	}
356	}	883	}
357		884
358	#############################################################################	885	#############################################################################
359		886
…		…
366		893
367	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	894	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
368	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	895	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
369		896
370	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	897	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
371	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	898	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
372		899
373	=over 4	900	=over 4
374		901
375	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	902	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
376		903
377	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	904	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
378	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	905	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
379		906
		907	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		908	destroyed after it returns).
		909
380	=cut	910	=cut
381		911
382	sub on_drain {	912	sub on_drain {
383	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	913	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
384		914
385	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	915	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
386		916
387	$cb->($self)	917	$cb->($self)
388	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	918	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
389	}	919	}
390		920
391	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	921	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
392		922
393	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	923	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
394	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	924	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
395	buffers it independently of the kernel.	925	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		926
		927	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		928	destroyed after it returns).
396		929
397	=cut	930	=cut
398		931
399	sub _drain_wbuf {	932	sub _drain_wbuf {
400	my ($self) = @_;	933	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
404	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	937	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
405		938
406	my $cb = sub {	939	my $cb = sub {
407	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	940	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
408		941
409	if ($len >= 0) {	942	if (defined $len) {
410	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	943	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
411		944
412	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	945	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
413		946
414	$self->{on_drain}($self)	947	$self->{on_drain}($self)
415	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	948	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
416	&& $self->{on_drain};	949	&& $self->{on_drain};
417		950
418	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	951	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
419	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	952	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
420	$self->error;	953	$self->_error ($!, 1);
421	}	954	}
422	};	955	};
423		956
424	# try to write data immediately	957	# try to write data immediately
425	$cb->();	958	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
426		959
427	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	960	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
428	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	961	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
429	if length $self->{wbuf};	962	if length $self->{wbuf};
		963
		964	if (
		965	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		966	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		967	) {
		968	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		969	}
430	};	970	};
431	}	971	}
432		972
433	our %WH;	973	our %WH;
434		974
		975	# deprecated
435	sub register_write_type($$) {	976	sub register_write_type($$) {
436	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	977	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
437	}	978	}
438		979
439	sub push_write {	980	sub push_write {
440	my $self = shift;	981	my $self = shift;
441		982
442	if (@_ > 1) {	983	if (@_ > 1) {
443	my $type = shift;	984	my $type = shift;
444		985
		986	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
445	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	987	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
446	->($self, @_);	988	->($self, @_);
447	}	989	}
448		990
		991	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		992	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		993
449	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	994	if ($self->{tls}) {
450	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	995	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		996	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
451	} else {	997	} else {
452	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	998	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
453	$self->_drain_wbuf;	999	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
454	}	1000	}
455	}	1001	}
456		1002
457	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1003	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
458		1004
459	=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
460
461	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1005	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
462	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1006	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1007	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1008	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1009	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
463		1010
464	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1011	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
465	drop by and tell us):	1012	drop by and tell us):
466		1013
467	=over 4	1014	=over 4
…		…
469	=item netstring => $string	1016	=item netstring => $string
470		1017
471	Formats the given value as netstring	1018	Formats the given value as netstring
472	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).	1019	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
473		1020
474	=back
475
476	=cut	1021	=cut
477		1022
478	register_write_type netstring => sub {	1023	register_write_type netstring => sub {
479	my ($self, $string) = @_;	1024	my ($self, $string) = @_;
480		1025
481	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	1026	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		1027	};
		1028
		1029	=item packstring => $format, $data
		1030
		1031	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1032	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1033	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1034	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1035
		1036	=cut
		1037
		1038	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		1039	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		1040
		1041	pack "$format/a*", $string
482	};	1042	};
483		1043
484	=item json => $array_or_hashref	1044	=item json => $array_or_hashref
485		1045
486	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1046	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
511	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1071	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
512	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1072	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
513		1073
514	=cut	1074	=cut
515		1075
		1076	sub json_coder() {
		1077	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1078	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1079	}
		1080
516	register_write_type json => sub {	1081	register_write_type json => sub {
517	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1082	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
518		1083
519	require JSON;	1084	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
520		1085
521	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1086	$json->encode ($ref)
522	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
523	};	1087	};
524		1088
525	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1089	=item storable => $reference
526		1090
527	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1091	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1092	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1093
		1094	=cut
		1095
		1096	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1097	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1098
		1099	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1100
		1101	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1102	};
		1103
		1104	=back
		1105
		1106	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		1107
		1108	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1109	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1110	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1111	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1112	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1113
		1114	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1115
		1116	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1117	the peer.
		1118
		1119	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1120	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1121
		1122	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1123	destroyed after it returns).
		1124
		1125	=cut
		1126
		1127	sub push_shutdown {
		1128	my ($self) = @_;
		1129
		1130	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1131	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1132	}
		1133
		1134	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1135
		1136	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1137	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1138	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1139	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1140	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1141
528	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1142	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
529	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1143	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
530		1144
531	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1145	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
532	be appended to the write buffer.	1146	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1147	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
533		1148
534	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1149	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
535	global, so try to use unique names.	1150	arguments using the first one.
		1151
		1152	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1153
		1154	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1155	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1156	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1157
		1158	package My::Type;
		1159
		1160	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1161	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1162
		1163	join $delim, @args
		1164	}
536		1165
537	=cut	1166	=cut
538		1167
539	#############################################################################	1168	#############################################################################
540		1169
…		…
549	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1178	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
550	a queue.	1179	a queue.
551		1180
552	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1181	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
553	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1182	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
554	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1183	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
555	or not.	1184	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1185	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1186	e.g. C<push_read>.
556		1187
557	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1188	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
558	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1189	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
559	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	1190	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
560	below).	1191	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
561		1192
562	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1193	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
563	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1194	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
564		1195
565	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	1196	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
566	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	1197	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
567		1198
568	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	1199	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
569	$handle->on_read (sub {	1200	$handle->on_read (sub {
570	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	1201	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
571	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	1202	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
572	# header arrived, decode	1203	# header arrived, decode
573	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	1204	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
574		1205
575	# now read the payload	1206	# now read the payload
576	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	1207	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
577	my $xml = $_[1];	1208	my $xml = $_[1];
578	# handle xml	1209	# handle xml
579	});	1210	});
580	});	1211	});
581	});	1212	});
582		1213
583	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1214	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
584	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1215	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
585	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1216	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
586	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1217	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
587	the callbacks:	1218	in the callbacks.
588		1219
589	# request one	1220	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1221	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1222	64-byte chunk callback.
		1223
		1224	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
590	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1225	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
591		1226
592	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1227	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
593	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	1228	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
594	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1229	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
595	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	1230	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
596	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	1231	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
597	# we don't do this in case we got an error	1232	# we don't do this in case we got an error
598	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	1233	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
599	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	1234	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
600	my $response = $_[1];	1235	my $response = $_[1];
601	...	1236	...
602	});	1237	});
603	}	1238	}
604	});	1239	});
605		1240
606	# request two	1241	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
607	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1242	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
608		1243
609	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1244	# simply read 64 bytes, always
610	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	1245	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
611	my $response = $_[1];	1246	my $response = $_[1];
612	...	1247	...
613	});	1248	});
614		1249
615	=over 4	1250	=over 4
616		1251
617	=cut	1252	=cut
618		1253
619	sub _drain_rbuf {	1254	sub _drain_rbuf {
620	my ($self) = @_;	1255	my ($self) = @_;
		1256
		1257	# avoid recursion
		1258	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1259	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1260
		1261	while () {
		1262	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1263	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1264	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1265	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1266
		1267	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1268
		1269	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1270	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1271	# no progress can be made
		1272	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1273	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1274	if $self->{_eof};
		1275
		1276	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1277	last;
		1278	}
		1279	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1280	last unless $len;
		1281
		1282	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1283
		1284	if (
		1285	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1286	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1287	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1288	) {
		1289	# no further data will arrive
		1290	# so no progress can be made
		1291	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1292	if $self->{_eof};
		1293
		1294	last; # more data might arrive
		1295	}
		1296	} else {
		1297	# read side becomes idle
		1298	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1299	last;
		1300	}
		1301	}
		1302
		1303	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1304	$self->{on_eof}
		1305	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1306	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1307
		1308	return;
		1309	}
621		1310
622	if (	1311	if (
623	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1312	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
624	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1313	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
625	) {	1314	) {
626	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC;	1315	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
627	$self->error;
628	}	1316	}
629		1317
630	return if $self->{in_drain};	1318	# may need to restart read watcher
631	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1319	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
632		1320	$self->start_read
633	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1321	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
634	no strict 'refs';
635	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
636	unless ($cb->($self)) {
637	if ($self->{_eof}) {
638	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
639	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
640	$self->error;
641	}
642
643	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
644	return;
645	}
646	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
647	$self->{on_read}($self);
648
649	if (
650	$self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
651	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
652	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
654	) {
655	# then no progress can be made
656	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
657	$self->error;
658	}
659	} else {
660	# read side becomes idle
661	delete $self->{_rw};
662	return;
663	}
664	}
665
666	if ($self->{_eof}) {
667	$self->_shutdown;
668	$self->{on_eof}($self)
669	if $self->{on_eof};
670	}	1322	}
671	}	1323	}
672		1324
673	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1325	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
674		1326
675	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1327	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
676	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1328	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
677	constructor.	1329	constructor.
678		1330
		1331	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1332	destroyed after it returns).
		1333
679	=cut	1334	=cut
680		1335
681	sub on_read {	1336	sub on_read {
682	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1337	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
683		1338
684	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1339	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1340	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
685	}	1341	}
686		1342
687	=item $handle->rbuf	1343	=item $handle->rbuf
688		1344
689	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1345	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1346	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1347	much faster, and no less clean).
690		1348
691	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1349	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
692	you want.	1350	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1351	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
693		1352
694	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1353	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
695	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1354	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
696	automatically manage the read buffer.	1355	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1356	will manage the read buffer on their own.
697		1357
698	=cut	1358	=cut
699		1359
700	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1360	sub rbuf : lvalue {
701	$_[0]{rbuf}	1361	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
718		1378
719	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1379	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
720	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1380	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
721	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1381	true, it will be removed from the queue.
722		1382
		1383	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1384	destroyed after it returns).
		1385
723	=cut	1386	=cut
724		1387
725	our %RH;	1388	our %RH;
726		1389
727	sub register_read_type($$) {	1390	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
733	my $cb = pop;	1396	my $cb = pop;
734		1397
735	if (@_) {	1398	if (@_) {
736	my $type = shift;	1399	my $type = shift;
737		1400
		1401	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
738	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1402	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
739	->($self, $cb, @_);	1403	->($self, $cb, @_);
740	}	1404	}
741		1405
742	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1406	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
743	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1407	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
748	my $cb = pop;	1412	my $cb = pop;
749		1413
750	if (@_) {	1414	if (@_) {
751	my $type = shift;	1415	my $type = shift;
752		1416
		1417	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
753	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1418	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
754	->($self, $cb, @_);	1419	->($self, $cb, @_);
755	}	1420	}
756
757		1421
758	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1422	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
759	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1423	$self->_drain_rbuf;
760	}	1424	}
761		1425
…		…
763		1427
764	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1428	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
765		1429
766	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1430	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
767	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1431	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
768	etc.	1432	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1433	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1434	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
769		1435
770	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1436	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
771	drop by and tell us):	1437	drop by and tell us):
772		1438
773	=over 4	1439	=over 4
…		…
779	data.	1445	data.
780		1446
781	Example: read 2 bytes.	1447	Example: read 2 bytes.
782		1448
783	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1449	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
784	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1450	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
785	});	1451	});
786		1452
787	=cut	1453	=cut
788		1454
789	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1455	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
794	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1460	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
795	1	1461	1
796	}	1462	}
797	};	1463	};
798		1464
799	# compatibility with older API
800	sub push_read_chunk {
801	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
802	}
803
804	sub unshift_read_chunk {
805	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
806	}
807
808	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1465	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
809		1466
810	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1467	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
811	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1468	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
812	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1469	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
827	=cut	1484	=cut
828		1485
829	register_read_type line => sub {	1486	register_read_type line => sub {
830	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1487	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
831		1488
832	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1489	if (@_ < 3) {
833	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1490	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
834	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
835
836	sub {	1491	sub {
837	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1492	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
838		1493
839	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1494	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
840	1
841	}
842	};
843
844	# compatibility with older API
845	sub push_read_line {
846	my $self = shift;
847	$self->push_read (line => @_);
848	}
849
850	sub unshift_read_line {
851	my $self = shift;
852	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
853	}
854
855	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
856
857	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
858
859	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
860
861	=cut
862
863	register_read_type netstring => sub {
864	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
865
866	sub {
867	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
868	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
869	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
870	$self->error;
871	}	1495	1
872	return;
873	}	1496	}
		1497	} else {
		1498	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1499	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
874		1500
875	my $len = $1;	1501	sub {
		1502	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
876		1503
877	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1504	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
878	my $string = $_[1];
879	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
880	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
881	$cb->($_[0], $string);
882	} else {
883	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
884	$self->error;
885	}
886	});	1505	1
887	});	1506	}
888
889	1
890	}	1507	}
891	};	1508	};
892		1509
893	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1510	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
894		1511
…		…
914	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1531	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
915	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1532	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
916	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1533	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
917	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1534	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
918	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1535	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
919	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1536	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
920		1537
921	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1538	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
922	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1539	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
923	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1540	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
924	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1541	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
925	required for the accept regex.	1542	required for the accept regex.
926		1543
927	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1544	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
940		1557
941	sub {	1558	sub {
942	# accept	1559	# accept
943	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1560	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
944	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1561	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
945	$cb->($self, $data);	1562	$cb->($_[0], $data);
946	return 1;	1563	return 1;
947	}	1564	}
948		1565
949	# reject	1566	# reject
950	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1567	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
951	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;	1568	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
952	$self->error;
953	}	1569	}
954		1570
955	# skip	1571	# skip
956	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1572	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
957	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1573	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
959		1575
960	()	1576	()
961	}	1577	}
962	};	1578	};
963		1579
		1580	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1581
		1582	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1583
		1584	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1585
		1586	=cut
		1587
		1588	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1589	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1590
		1591	sub {
		1592	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1593	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1594	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1595	}
		1596	return;
		1597	}
		1598
		1599	my $len = $1;
		1600
		1601	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1602	my $string = $_[1];
		1603	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1604	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1605	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1606	} else {
		1607	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1608	}
		1609	});
		1610	});
		1611
		1612	1
		1613	}
		1614	};
		1615
		1616	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1617
		1618	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1619	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1620	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1621	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1622
		1623	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1624	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1625
		1626	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1627	format (very efficient).
		1628
		1629	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1630	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1631	});
		1632
		1633	=cut
		1634
		1635	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1636	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1637
		1638	sub {
		1639	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1640	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1641	or return;
		1642
		1643	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1644
		1645	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1646	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1647	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1648	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1649	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1650	} else {
		1651	# remove prefix
		1652	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1653
		1654	# read remaining chunk
		1655	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1656	}
		1657
		1658	1
		1659	}
		1660	};
		1661
964	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1662	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
965		1663
966	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1664	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1665	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
967		1666
968	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1667	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
969	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1668	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
970		1669
971	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1670	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
978	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1677	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
979		1678
980	=cut	1679	=cut
981		1680
982	register_read_type json => sub {	1681	register_read_type json => sub {
983	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1682	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
984		1683
985	require JSON;	1684	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
986		1685
987	my $data;	1686	my $data;
988	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1687	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
989		1688
990	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
991
992	sub {	1689	sub {
993	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1690	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
994		1691
995	if ($ref) {	1692	if ($ref) {
996	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1693	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
997	$json->incr_text = "";	1694	$json->incr_text = "";
998	$cb->($self, $ref);	1695	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
999		1696
1000	1	1697	1
		1698	} elsif ($@) {
		1699	# error case
		1700	$json->incr_skip;
		1701
		1702	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1703	$json->incr_text = "";
		1704
		1705	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1706
		1707	()
1001	} else {	1708	} else {
1002	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1709	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
		1710
1003	()	1711	()
1004	}	1712	}
1005	}	1713	}
1006	};	1714	};
1007		1715
		1716	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1717
		1718	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1719	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1720	data).
		1721
		1722	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1723
		1724	=cut
		1725
		1726	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1727	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1728
		1729	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1730
		1731	sub {
		1732	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1733	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1734	or return;
		1735
		1736	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1737
		1738	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1739	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1740	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1741	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1742
		1743	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1744	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1745	} else {
		1746	# remove prefix
		1747	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1748
		1749	# read remaining chunk
		1750	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1751	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
		1752	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1753	});
		1754	}
		1755
		1756	1
		1757	}
		1758	};
		1759
		1760	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1761
		1762	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1763	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1764	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1765	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1766
		1767	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1768	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1769	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1770	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1771	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1772	C<$detect>.
		1773
		1774	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1775	TLS negotiation.
		1776
		1777	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1778	handlers.
		1779
		1780	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1781
		1782	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1783	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1784	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1785	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1786	accomodate protocol changes.
		1787
		1788	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1789	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1790
		1791	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1792
		1793	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1794	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1795
		1796	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1797	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1798	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1799
		1800	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1801
		1802	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1803	line.
		1804
		1805	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1806	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1807	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1808	});
		1809
		1810	=cut
		1811
		1812	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1813	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1814
		1815	sub {
		1816	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1817	if (
		1818	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1819	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1820	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1821	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1822	) {
		1823	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1824
		1825	# full match, valid TLS record
		1826	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1827	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1828	} else {
		1829	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1830	$cb->($self, undef);
		1831	}
		1832
		1833	1
		1834	}
		1835	};
		1836
		1837	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1838	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1839
		1840	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1841	return unless $_[1];
		1842	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1843	})
		1844	};
		1845
1008	=back	1846	=back
1009		1847
1010	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1848	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1011		1849
1012	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1850	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1851	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1852	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1853	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1854	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1013		1855
1014	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1856	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1015	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1857	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1016	arguments.
1017		1858
1018	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1859	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1019	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1860	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1861	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1862	converter.
1020		1863
1021	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1864	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1022	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1865	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1866	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1023		1867
1024	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1025	global, so try to use unique names.
1026
1027	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1868	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1028	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1869	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1029		1870
1030	=item $handle->stop_read	1871	=item $handle->stop_read
1031		1872
1032	=item $handle->start_read	1873	=item $handle->start_read
1033		1874
1034	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1875	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1035	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1876	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1036	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1877	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1037	C<start_read>.	1878	C<start_read>.
1038		1879
		1880	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1881	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1882	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1883	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1884
		1885	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
		1886	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1887	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1888	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1889	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1890	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1891	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1892	during a rehandshake.
		1893
		1894	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1895	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
		1896
1039	=cut	1897	=cut
1040		1898
1041	sub stop_read {	1899	sub stop_read {
1042	my ($self) = @_;	1900	my ($self) = @_;
1043		1901
…		…
1045	}	1903	}
1046		1904
1047	sub start_read {	1905	sub start_read {
1048	my ($self) = @_;	1906	my ($self) = @_;
1049		1907
1050	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1908	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1051	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1909	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1052		1910
1053	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1911	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1054	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1912	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1055	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1913	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1056		1914
1057	if ($len > 0) {	1915	if ($len > 0) {
1058	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1916	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1059		1917
1060	$self->{filter_r}	1918	if ($self->{tls}) {
1061	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1919	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1920
		1921	&_dotls ($self);
		1922	} else {
1062	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1923	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1924	}
		1925
		1926	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1927	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1928	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1929	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		1930	}
1063		1931
1064	} elsif (defined $len) {	1932	} elsif (defined $len) {
1065	delete $self->{_rw};	1933	delete $self->{_rw};
1066	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1934	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1067	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1935	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1068		1936
1069	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1937	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1070	return $self->error;	1938	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1071	}	1939	}
1072	});	1940	};
1073	}	1941	}
1074	}	1942	}
1075		1943
		1944	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1945	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1946
		1947	sub _tls_error {
		1948	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1949
		1950	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1951	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1952
		1953	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1954
		1955	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1956	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1957
		1958	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1959	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1960	&_freetls;
		1961	} else {
		1962	&_freetls;
		1963	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1964	}
		1965	}
		1966
		1967	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1968	# also decode read data if possible
		1969	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1970	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1971	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1076	sub _dotls {	1972	sub _dotls {
1077	my ($self) = @_;	1973	my ($self) = @_;
1078		1974
		1975	my $tmp;
		1976
1079	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1977	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1080	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1978	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1081	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1979	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1082	}	1980	}
1083	}
1084		1981
		1982	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1983	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1984	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1985	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1986	}
		1987
		1988	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1989	unless (length $tmp) {
		1990	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1991	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1992	&_freetls;
		1993
		1994	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1995	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1996	return;
		1997	} else {
		1998	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1999	delete $self->{_rw};
		2000	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		2001	}
		2002	}
		2003
		2004	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		2005	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2006	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		2007	}
		2008
		2009	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		2010	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2011	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2012	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2013
1085	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2014	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1086	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	2015	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1087	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2016	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2017	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1088	}	2018	}
1089		2019
1090	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2020	$self->{_on_starttls}
1091	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	2021	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1092	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2022	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1093	}
1094
1095	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1096
1097	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1098	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1099	$self->error;
1100	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1101	$! = &Errno::EIO;
1102	$self->error;
1103	}
1104
1105	# all others are fine for our purposes
1106	}
1107	}	2023	}
1108		2024
1109	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2025	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1110		2026
1111	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2027	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1112	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2028	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1113	C<starttls>.	2029	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2030
		2031	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2032	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2033	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2034	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2035	data when calling this method.
1114		2036
1115	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2037	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1116	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2038	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1117		2039
1118	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	2040	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1119	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	2041	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		2042	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		2043	construct a new context.
1120		2044
1121	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	2045	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1122	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	2046	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1123	might have already started when this function returns.	2047	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		2048	when this function returns.
1124		2049
1125	=cut	2050	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		2051	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2052	stream after stopping TLS.
1126		2053
1127	# TODO: maybe document...	2054	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2055	destroyed after it returns).
		2056
		2057	=cut
		2058
		2059	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		2060
1128	sub starttls {	2061	sub starttls {
1129	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2062	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1130		2063
1131	$self->stoptls;	2064	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		2065	if $self->{tls};
1132		2066
1133	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	2067	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
1134	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2068	eval {
1135	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	2069	require Net::SSLeay;
1136	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	2070	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1137	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2071	1
1138	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	2072	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2073	}
		2074
		2075	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2076	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2077
		2078	return unless $self->{fh};
		2079
		2080	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2081	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		2082
		2083	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		2084	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2085
		2086	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		2087
		2088	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		2089	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		2090	my $key = $ctx+0;
		2091	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2092	} else {
		2093	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2094	}
		2095	}
1139	}	2096
1140		2097	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1141	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	2098	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1142		2099
1143	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2100	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1144	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2101	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1145	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2102	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1146	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2103	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1147	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	2104	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		2105	#
		2106	# in short: this is a mess.
		2107	#
		2108	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		2109	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		2110	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		2111	# have identity issues in that area.
1148	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2112	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1149	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2113	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1150	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2114	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2115	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1151		2116
1152	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2117	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1153	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2118	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1154		2119
		2120	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2121	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2122
1155	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2123	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1156		2124
1157	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	2125	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1158	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	2126	if $self->{on_starttls};
1159	&_dotls;	2127
1160	};	2128	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1161	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	2129	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1162	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1163	&_dotls;
1164	};
1165	}	2130	}
1166		2131
1167	=item $handle->stoptls	2132	=item $handle->stoptls
1168		2133
1169	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	2134	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1170	lost.	2135	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		2136	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		2137	the stream afterwards.
		2138
		2139	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2140	destroyed after it returns).
1171		2141
1172	=cut	2142	=cut
1173		2143
1174	sub stoptls {	2144	sub stoptls {
1175	my ($self) = @_;	2145	my ($self) = @_;
1176		2146
1177	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2147	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		2148	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1178		2149
1179	delete $self->{_rbio};	2150	&_dotls;
1180	delete $self->{_wbio};	2151
1181	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	2152	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1182	delete $self->{filter_r};	2153	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1183	delete $self->{filter_w};	2154	# &_freetls;#d#
		2155	}
1184	}	2156	}
		2157
		2158	sub _freetls {
		2159	my ($self) = @_;
		2160
		2161	return unless $self->{tls};
		2162
		2163	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2164	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		2165
		2166	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		2167	}
		2168
		2169	=item $handle->resettls
		2170
		2171	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2172	causing data loss.
		2173
		2174	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2175	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2176	no concern.
		2177
		2178	=cut
		2179
		2180	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1185		2181
1186	sub DESTROY {	2182	sub DESTROY {
1187	my $self = shift;	2183	my ($self) = @_;
1188		2184
1189	$self->stoptls;	2185	&_freetls;
		2186
		2187	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		2188
		2189	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		2190	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		2191	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		2192
		2193	my @linger;
		2194
		2195	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		2196	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		2197
		2198	if ($len > 0) {
		2199	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		2200	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
		2201	@linger = (); # end
		2202	}
		2203	};
		2204	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2205	@linger = ();
		2206	};
		2207	}
1190	}	2208	}
		2209
		2210	=item $handle->destroy
		2211
		2212	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2213	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2214	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2215	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2216	empty list).
		2217
		2218	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2219	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2220	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2221	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2222	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2223	that case.
		2224
		2225	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2226	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2227	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2228	reference cycles.
		2229
		2230	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2231	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2232
		2233	=cut
		2234
		2235	sub destroy {
		2236	my ($self) = @_;
		2237
		2238	$self->DESTROY;
		2239	%$self = ();
		2240	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2241	}
		2242
		2243	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2244	#nop
		2245	}
		2246
		2247	=item $handle->destroyed
		2248
		2249	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2250	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2251
		2252	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2253	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2254	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2255	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2256
		2257	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2258	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2259	$hdl->push_write (...
		2260
		2261	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2262	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2263	handle being destroyed.
		2264
		2265	=cut
		2266
		2267	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2268	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1191		2269
1192	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2270	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1193		2271
1194	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2272	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1195	default for TLS mode.	2273	for TLS mode.
1196		2274
1197	The context is created like this:	2275	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1198
1199	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1200	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1201	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1202
1203	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1204
1205	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1206		2276
1207	=cut	2277	=cut
1208		2278
1209	our $TLS_CTX;	2279	our $TLS_CTX;
1210		2280
1211	sub TLS_CTX() {	2281	sub TLS_CTX() {
1212	$TLS_CTX || do {	2282	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1213	require Net::SSLeay;	2283	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1214		2284
1215	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2285	new AnyEvent::TLS
1216	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2286	}
1217	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2287	}
1218		2288
1219	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2289	=back
1220		2290
1221	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1222		2291
1223	$TLS_CTX	2292	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2293
		2294	=over 4
		2295
		2296	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2297	still get further invocations!
		2298
		2299	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2300	read or write callbacks.
		2301
		2302	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2303	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2304	->destroy >> method.
		2305
		2306	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2307
		2308	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2309	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2310	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2311
		2312	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2313	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2314	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2315	queue.
		2316
		2317	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2318
		2319	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2320
		2321	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2322	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2323	and handles them, in a loop.
		2324
		2325	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2326	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2327	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2328	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2329	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2330
		2331	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2332	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2333
		2334	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2335	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2336	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2337
		2338	... handle request
		2339
		2340	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2341	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2342	});
		2343
		2344	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2345	# now push the first @start_request
		2346	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2347
		2348	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2349	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2350	unexpectedly.
		2351
		2352	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2353	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2354	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2355	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2356	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2357	problem).
		2358
		2359	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2360	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2361	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2362
		2363	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2364	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2365	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2366	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2367	and simpler:
		2368
		2369	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2370	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2371	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2372
		2373	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2374	# simply start read the request
		2375
		2376	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2377	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2378
		2379	... handle request
		2380
		2381	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2382	# let the request queue go empty.
		2383	});
		2384	});
		2385
		2386	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2387	reading?
		2388
		2389	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2390	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2391	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2392	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2393
		2394	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2395	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2396	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2397
		2398	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2399	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2400	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2401	C<destroy> method.
		2402
		2403	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2404
		2405	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2406	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2407	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2408	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2409
		2410	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2411	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2412	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2413	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2414	});
		2415
		2416	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2417	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2418	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2419
		2420	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2421	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2422	fact all data has been received.
		2423
		2424	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2425	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2426	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2427	explicit QUIT command.
		2428
		2429	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2430	all data has been written?
		2431
		2432	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2433	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2434	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2435	written to the socket:
		2436
		2437	$handle->push_write (...);
		2438	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2439	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
		2440	undef $handle;
		2441	});
		2442
		2443	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2444	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2445
		2446	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2447
		2448	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2449	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2450	parameter:
		2451
		2452	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2453	my ($fh) = @_;
		2454
		2455	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2456	fh => $fh,
		2457	tls => "connect",
		2458	on_error => sub { ... };
		2459
		2460	$handle->push_write (...);
1224	}	2461	};
1225	}	2462
		2463	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2464
		2465	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2466	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2467	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2468
		2469	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2470
		2471	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2472	my ($fh) = @_;
		2473
		2474	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2475	fh => $fh,
		2476	peername => $host,
		2477	tls => "connect",
		2478	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2479	...
		2480
		2481	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2482	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2483	peername verification will be done.
		2484
		2485	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2486	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2487	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2488
		2489	tls_ctx => {
		2490	verify => 1,
		2491	verify_peername => "https",
		2492	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2493	},
		2494
		2495	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2496
		2497	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2498	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2499	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2500	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2501	nice program for that purpose).
		2502
		2503	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2504	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2505	file should then look like this:
		2506
		2507	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2508	...header data
		2509	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2510	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2511
		2512	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2513	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2514	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2515
		2516	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2517	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2518
		2519	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2520	my ($fh) = @_;
		2521
		2522	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2523	fh => $fh,
		2524	tls => "accept",
		2525	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2526	...
		2527
		2528	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2529	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1226		2530
1227	=back	2531	=back
1228		2532
1229	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2533	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1230		2534
…		…
1236	=over 4	2540	=over 4
1237		2541
1238	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2542	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1239		2543
1240	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2544	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1241	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2545	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1242	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2546	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1243		2547
1244	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2548	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1245		2549
1246	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2550	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
…		…
1249		2553
1250	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2554	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1251	are free to use in subclasses.	2555	are free to use in subclasses.
1252		2556
1253	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2557	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1254	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2558	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1255		2559
1256	=back	2560	=back
1257		2561
1258	=head1 AUTHOR	2562	=head1 AUTHOR
1259		2563
1260	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2564	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1261		2565
1262	=cut	2566	=cut
1263		2567
1264	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2568	1
		2569

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