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Revision 1.159 by root, Fri Jul 24 12:35:58 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.241 by root, Fri Sep 5 22:17:26 2014 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	use Scalar::Util ();
4	use Carp ();
5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
6
7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
9
10	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
11		2
12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
13
14	=cut
15
16	our $VERSION = 4.86;
17		4
18	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
19		6
20	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
21	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
…		…
24		11
25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
26	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
27	on_error => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
29	warn "got error $msg\n";	16	AE::log error => $msg;
30	$hdl->destroy;	17	$hdl->destroy;
31	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
32	);	19	};
33		20
34	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
36		23
37	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
40	warn "got line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
41	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
42	});	29	});
43		30
44	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
45		32
46	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
47		34
48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
49	filehandles.	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
50		37
51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		44
58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the	45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
59	C<on_error> callback.	46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
…		…
84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the	102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
85	default C<peername>.	103	default C<peername>.
86		104
87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.	105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
88		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
89	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,	110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
90	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the	111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
91	appropriate circumstances:	112	appropriate circumstances:
92		113
93	=over 4	114	=over 4
94		115
95	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)	116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
96		117
97	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is	118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
98	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to	119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
99	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect	121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
100	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already	122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
101	established).	123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
102		127
103	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())	128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
104		129
105	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.	130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
106		131
107	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as	132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
108	parameters, together with a retry callback.	133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
109		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
110	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling	140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
111	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of	141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
112	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection	142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
113	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,	143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
114	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.	144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
115		146
116	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.	147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
117		148
118	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)	149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
119		150
120	This callback is called when the conenction could not be	151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
121	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a	152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
122	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).	153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
123		154
124	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a	155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
125	fatal error instead.	156	fatal error instead.
…		…
128		159
129	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)	160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
130		161
131	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
132	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
133	connect or a read error.	164	connect, or a read error.
134		165
135	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
136	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->	167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
137	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to	168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
138	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition	169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
139	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In	170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
140	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is	171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
141	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.	172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
142		173
143	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check	174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
144	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is	175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
145	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
146	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
147		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
148	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
149	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
150	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
151	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
152		189
153	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
154	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or	191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
155	C<EPROTO>).	192	C<EPROTO>).
156		193
157	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
158	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
159	C<croak>.	196	C<croak>.
160		197
161	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
162		199
163	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
…		…
168	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
169	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you	206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
170	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at	207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
171	the beginning from it.	208	the beginning from it.
172		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
173	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
174	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
175	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
176	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
177		217
178	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback	218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
…		…
196	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
197	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
198		238
199	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
200		240
201	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
202	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
203		243
204	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
205		245
206	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
207	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
209	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
210	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
211		251
212	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
213		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
214	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
215	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
216	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
217	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
218		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
219	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
220	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
221	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
222	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
223	restart the timeout.	275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
224		276
225	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
226		278
227	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
228		284
229	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
230	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
231	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
232		288
…		…
240	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
241	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
242	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
243	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
244		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
245	=item autocork => <boolean>	316	=item autocork => <boolean>
246		317
247	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
248	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
249	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
250	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
251	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
252	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
253		324
254	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
255	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
256	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
257	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
258		329
259	=item no_delay => <boolean>	330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
263	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
264		335
265	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
266	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
267		338
268	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
269	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
270		373
271	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
272		375
273	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
274	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
275	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
276		388
277	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
278		390
279	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
280	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
281	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
282		394
283	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
284	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
285	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
286	is good in almost all cases.	398	is good in almost all cases.
287		399
288	=item linger => <seconds>	400	=item linger => <seconds>
289		401
290	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
291	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
292	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
293	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
294	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
295		407
…		…
302	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname	414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
303	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.	415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
304		416
305	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS	417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
306	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This	418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
307	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or	419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
308	C<undef>.	420	C<undef>.
309		421
310	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
311		423
312	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
313	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
314	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
315		427
316	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an	428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
317	appropriate error message.	429	appropriate error message.
318		430
319	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
320	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
321	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
322	to add the dependency yourself.	434	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		435	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
323		436
324	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	437	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
325	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	438	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
326	mode.	439	mode.
327		440
…		…
338	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,	451	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
339	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often	452	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
340	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the	453	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
341	segmentation fault.	454	segmentation fault.
342		455
343	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	456	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
344		457
345	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls	458	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
346		459
347	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection	460	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
348	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	461	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
349	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	462	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		463	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
350		464
351	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key	465	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
352	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a	466	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
353	new TLS context object.	467	new TLS context object.
354		468
…		…
363		477
364	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this	478	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
365	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.	479	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
366		480
367	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being	481	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
368	called, as normal.	482	called as usual.
369		483
370	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you	484	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
371	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can	485	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
372	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.	486	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
373		487
374	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)	488	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
375		489
…		…
382	callback.	496	callback.
383		497
384	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the	498	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
385	underlying handle signals EOF.	499	underlying handle signals EOF.
386		500
387	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	501	=item json => L<JSON>, L<JSON::PP> or L<JSON::XS> object
388		502
389	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	503	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
390		504
391	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	505	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
392	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON	506	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded
		507	JSON texts (either using L<JSON::XS> or L<JSON>). The written texts are
		508	guaranteed not to contain any newline character.
		509
		510	For security reasons, this encoder will likely I<not> handle numbers and
		511	strings, only arrays and objects/hashes. The reason is that originally
		512	JSON was self-delimited, but Dougles Crockford thought it was a splendid
		513	idea to redefine JSON incompatibly, so this is no longer true.
		514
		515	For protocols that used back-to-back JSON texts, this might lead to
		516	run-ins, where two or more JSON texts will be interpreted as one JSON
393	texts.	517	text.
394		518
		519	For this reason, if the default encoder uses L<JSON::XS>, it will default
		520	to not allowing anything but arrays and objects/hashes, at least for the
		521	forseeable future (it will change at some point). This might or might not
		522	be true for the L<JSON> module, so this might cause a security issue.
		523
		524	If you depend on either behaviour, you should create your own json object
		525	and pass it in explicitly.
		526
		527	=item cbor => L<CBOR::XS> object
		528
		529	This is the cbor coder object used by the C<cbor> read and write types.
		530
		531	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		532	suitable one (on demand), which will write CBOR without using extensions,
		533	if possible.
		534
395	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	535	Note that you are responsible to depend on the L<CBOR::XS> module if you
396	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	536	want to use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency on
		537	it itself.
397		538
398	=back	539	=back
399		540
400	=cut	541	=cut
401		542
…		…
423	$self->{connect}[0],	564	$self->{connect}[0],
424	$self->{connect}[1],	565	$self->{connect}[1],
425	sub {	566	sub {
426	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;	567	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
427		568
		569	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		570
428	if ($fh) {	571	if ($fh) {
429	$self->{fh} = $fh;	572	$self->{fh} = $fh;
430		573
431	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};	574	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
432	$self->_start;	575	$self->_start;
433		576
434	$self->{on_connect}	577	$self->{on_connect}
435	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {	578	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
436	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};	579	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
437	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;	580	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
438	&$retry;	581	&$retry;
439	});	582	});
440		583
441	} else {	584	} else {
442	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {	585	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
443	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");	586	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
444	$self->destroy;	587	$self->destroy if $self;
445	} else {	588	} else {
446	$self->fatal ($!, 1);	589	$self->_error ($!, 1);
447	}	590	}
448	}	591	}
449	},	592	},
450	sub {	593	sub {
451	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];	594	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
452		595
		596	$self->{on_prepare}
453	$self->{on_prepare}->($self)	597	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
454	if $self->{on_prepare};	598	: ()
455	}	599	}
456	);	600	);
457	}	601	}
458		602
459	} else {	603	} else {
…		…
464	}	608	}
465		609
466	sub _start {	610	sub _start {
467	my ($self) = @_;	611	my ($self) = @_;
468		612
		613	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		614	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		615	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		616	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		617	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
		618
469	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	619	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
470		620
		621	$self->{_activity} =
		622	$self->{_ractivity} =
471	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	623	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
472	$self->_timeout;
473		624
		625	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		626	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		627	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		628
		629	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		630	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		631	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		632
474	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	633	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		634	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
475		635
		636	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		637
476	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	638	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
477	if $self->{tls};	639	if $self->{tls};
478		640
479	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	641	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
480		642
481	$self->start_read	643	$self->start_read
482	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	644	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
483	}
484		645
485	#sub _shutdown {	646	$self->_drain_wbuf;
486	# my ($self) = @_;	647	}
487	#
488	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
489	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
490	#
491	# &_freetls;
492	#}
493		648
494	sub _error {	649	sub _error {
495	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;	650	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
496		651
497	$! = $errno;	652	$! = $errno;
498	$message ||= "$!";	653	$message ||= "$!";
499		654
500	if ($self->{on_error}) {	655	if ($self->{on_error}) {
501	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);	656	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
502	$self->destroy if $fatal;	657	$self->destroy if $fatal;
503	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	658	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
504	$self->destroy;	659	$self->destroy;
505	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";	660	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
506	}	661	}
507	}	662	}
508		663
…		…
534	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	689	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
535	}	690	}
536		691
537	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	692	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
538		693
539	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	694	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
540	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
541	argument and method.
542		695
543	=cut	696	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
544		697
545	sub on_timeout {	698	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
546	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	699	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
547	}	700	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		701
		702	=cut
		703
		704	# see below
548		705
549	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	706	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
550		707
551	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	708	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
552	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	709	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
565	=cut	722	=cut
566		723
567	sub no_delay {	724	sub no_delay {
568	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	725	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
569		726
		727	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		728	if $_[0]{fh};
		729	}
		730
		731	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		732
		733	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		734	the same name for details).
		735
		736	=cut
		737
		738	sub keepalive {
		739	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		740
570	eval {	741	eval {
571	local $SIG{__DIE__};	742	local $SIG{__DIE__};
572	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]	743	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
573	if $_[0]{fh};	744	if $_[0]{fh};
574	};	745	};
575	}	746	}
576		747
		748	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		749
		750	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		751	the same name for details).
		752
		753	=cut
		754
		755	sub oobinline {
		756	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		757
		758	eval {
		759	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		760	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		761	if $_[0]{fh};
		762	};
		763	}
		764
		765	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		766
		767	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		768	the same name for details).
		769
		770	=cut
		771
		772	sub keepalive {
		773	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		774
		775	eval {
		776	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		777	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		778	if $_[0]{fh};
		779	};
		780	}
		781
577	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)	782	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
578		783
579	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).	784	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
580		785
581	=cut	786	=cut
…		…
588		793
589	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).	794	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
590		795
591	=cut	796	=cut
592		797
593	sub on_starttls {	798	sub on_stoptls {
594	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];	799	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
595	}	800	}
596		801
		802	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		803
		804	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		805
		806	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		807
		808	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		809
		810	=cut
		811
		812	sub rbuf_max {
		813	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		814	}
		815
		816	sub wbuf_max {
		817	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		818	}
		819
597	#############################################################################	820	#############################################################################
598		821
599	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	822	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
600		823
		824	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		825
		826	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		827
601	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	828	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
602		829
603	=cut	830	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		831	handle before it returns.
604		832
605	sub timeout {	833	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		834
		835	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		836
		837	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		838
		839	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		840
		841	These methods are cheap to call.
		842
		843	=cut
		844
		845	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		846	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		847	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		848	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		849	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		850	my $cb;
		851
		852	*$on_timeout = sub {
		853	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		854	};
		855
		856	*$timeout = sub {
606	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	857	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
607		858
		859	$new_value >= 0
		860	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		861
608	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	862	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
609	$self->_timeout;	863	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
610	}	864	};
611		865
		866	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		867	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		868	};
		869
		870	# main workhorse:
612	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	871	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
613	# also check for time-outs	872	# also check for time-outs
614	sub _timeout {	873	$cb = sub {
615	my ($self) = @_;	874	my ($self) = @_;
616		875
617	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {	876	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
618	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	877	my $NOW = AE::now;
619		878
620	# when would the timeout trigger?	879	# when would the timeout trigger?
621	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	880	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
622		881
623	# now or in the past already?	882	# now or in the past already?
624	if ($after <= 0) {	883	if ($after <= 0) {
625	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	884	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
626		885
627	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	886	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
628	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	887	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
629	} else {	888	} else {
630	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	889	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		890	}
		891
		892	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		893	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		894
		895	# calculate new after
		896	$after = $self->{$timeout};
631	}	897	}
632		898
633	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	899	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
634	return unless $self->{timeout};	900	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
635		901
636	# calculate new after	902	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
637	$after = $self->{timeout};	903	delete $self->{$tw};
		904	$cb->($self);
		905	};
		906	} else {
		907	delete $self->{$tw};
638	}	908	}
639
640	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
641	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
642
643	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
644	delete $self->{_tw};
645	$self->_timeout;
646	});
647	} else {
648	delete $self->{_tw};
649	}	909	}
650	}	910	}
651		911
652	#############################################################################	912	#############################################################################
653		913
…		…
660		920
661	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	921	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
662	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	922	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
663		923
664	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	924	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
665	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	925	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
666		926
667	=over 4	927	=over 4
668		928
669	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	929	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
670		930
671	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	931	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
672	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	932	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
673		933
		934	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		935	destroyed after it returns).
		936
674	=cut	937	=cut
675		938
676	sub on_drain {	939	sub on_drain {
677	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	940	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
678		941
…		…
682	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});	945	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
683	}	946	}
684		947
685	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	948	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
686		949
687	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	950	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
688	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	951	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
689	buffers it independently of the kernel.	952	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		953
		954	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		955	destroyed after it returns).
690		956
691	=cut	957	=cut
692		958
693	sub _drain_wbuf {	959	sub _drain_wbuf {
694	my ($self) = @_;	960	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
701	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	967	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
702		968
703	if (defined $len) {	969	if (defined $len) {
704	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	970	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
705		971
706	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	972	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
707		973
708	$self->{on_drain}($self)	974	$self->{on_drain}($self)
709	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	975	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
710	&& $self->{on_drain};	976	&& $self->{on_drain};
711		977
…		…
717		983
718	# try to write data immediately	984	# try to write data immediately
719	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	985	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
720		986
721	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	987	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
722	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	988	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
723	if length $self->{wbuf};	989	if length $self->{wbuf};
		990
		991	if (
		992	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		993	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		994	) {
		995	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		996	}
724	};	997	};
725	}	998	}
726		999
727	our %WH;	1000	our %WH;
728		1001
		1002	# deprecated
729	sub register_write_type($$) {	1003	sub register_write_type($$) {
730	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	1004	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
731	}	1005	}
732		1006
733	sub push_write {	1007	sub push_write {
734	my $self = shift;	1008	my $self = shift;
735		1009
736	if (@_ > 1) {	1010	if (@_ > 1) {
737	my $type = shift;	1011	my $type = shift;
738		1012
		1013	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
739	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	1014	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
740	->($self, @_);	1015	->($self, @_);
741	}	1016	}
742		1017
		1018	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		1019	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		1020
743	if ($self->{tls}) {	1021	if ($self->{tls}) {
744	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	1022	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
745		1023	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
746	&_dotls ($self);
747	} else {	1024	} else {
748	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	1025	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
749	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};	1026	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
750	}	1027	}
751	}	1028	}
752		1029
753	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1030	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
754		1031
755	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1032	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
756	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1033	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1034	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1035	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1036	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
757		1037
758	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1038	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
759	drop by and tell us):	1039	drop by and tell us):
760		1040
761	=over 4	1041	=over 4
…		…
792		1072
793	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1073	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
794	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text	1074	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
795	in UTF-8.	1075	in UTF-8.
796		1076
		1077	The default encoder might or might not handle every type of JSON value -
		1078	it might be limited to arrays and objects for security reasons. See the
		1079	C<json> constructor attribute for more details.
		1080
797	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at	1081	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so if you only use arrays
798	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any	1082	and hashes, you can write JSON at one end of a handle and read them at the
799	additional framing.	1083	other end without using any additional framing.
800		1084
801	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While	1085	The JSON text generated by the default encoder is guaranteed not to
802	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be	1086	contain any newlines: While this module doesn't need delimiters after or
803	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.	1087	between JSON texts to be able to read them, many other languages depend on
		1088	them.
804		1089
805	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send	1090	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with other languages is
806	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as	1091	to send JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better
807	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each	1092	choice as they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline
808	JSON text:	1093	after each JSON text:
809		1094
810	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever	1095	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
811	$handle->push_write ("\012");	1096	$handle->push_write ("\012");
812		1097
813	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and	1098	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
…		…
816	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });	1101	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
817		1102
818	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1103	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
819	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1104	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
820		1105
		1106	=item cbor => $perl_scalar
		1107
		1108	Encodes the given scalar into a CBOR value. Unless you provide your own
		1109	L<CBOR::XS> object, this means it will be encoded to a CBOR string not
		1110	using any extensions, if possible.
		1111
		1112	CBOR values are self-delimiting, so you can write CBOR at one end of
		1113	a handle and read them at the other end without using any additional
		1114	framing.
		1115
		1116	A simple nd very very fast RPC protocol that interoperates with
		1117	other languages is to send CBOR and receive CBOR values (arrays are
		1118	recommended):
		1119
		1120	$handle->push_write (cbor => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		1121
		1122	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<cbor> read type:
		1123
		1124	$handle->push_read (cbor => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1125
821	=cut	1126	=cut
		1127
		1128	sub json_coder() {
		1129	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1130	|| do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP->new->utf8 }
		1131	}
822		1132
823	register_write_type json => sub {	1133	register_write_type json => sub {
824	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1134	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
825		1135
826	require JSON;	1136	($self->{json} ||= json_coder)
		1137	->encode ($ref)
		1138	};
827		1139
828	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1140	sub cbor_coder() {
829	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	1141	require CBOR::XS;
		1142	CBOR::XS->new
		1143	}
		1144
		1145	register_write_type cbor => sub {
		1146	my ($self, $scalar) = @_;
		1147
		1148	($self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder)
		1149	->encode ($scalar)
830	};	1150	};
831		1151
832	=item storable => $reference	1152	=item storable => $reference
833		1153
834	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1154	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
837	=cut	1157	=cut
838		1158
839	register_write_type storable => sub {	1159	register_write_type storable => sub {
840	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1160	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
841		1161
842	require Storable;	1162	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
843		1163
844	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1164	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
845	};	1165	};
846		1166
847	=back	1167	=back
…		…
852	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your	1172	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
853	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set	1173	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
854	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and	1174	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
855	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:	1175	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
856		1176
857	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown	1177	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
858		1178
859	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the	1179	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
860	the peer.	1180	the peer.
861		1181
862	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling	1182	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
863	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.	1183	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
864		1184
		1185	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1186	destroyed after it returns).
		1187
865	=cut	1188	=cut
866		1189
867	sub push_shutdown {	1190	sub push_shutdown {
868	my ($self) = @_;	1191	my ($self) = @_;
869		1192
870	delete $self->{low_water_mark};	1193	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
871	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });	1194	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
872	}	1195	}
873		1196
874	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1197	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
875		1198
876	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1199	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1200	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1201	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1202	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1203	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1204
877	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1205	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
878	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1206	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
879		1207
880	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1208	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
881	be appended to the write buffer.	1209	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1210	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
882		1211
883	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1212	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
884	global, so try to use unique names.	1213	arguments using the first one.
		1214
		1215	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1216
		1217	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1218	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1219	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1220
		1221	package My::Type;
		1222
		1223	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1224	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1225
		1226	join $delim, @args
		1227	}
885		1228
886	=cut	1229	=cut
887		1230
888	#############################################################################	1231	#############################################################################
889		1232
…		…
898	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1241	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
899	a queue.	1242	a queue.
900		1243
901	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1244	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
902	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1245	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
903	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1246	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
904	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1247	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
905	partial message has been received so far).	1248	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1249	e.g. C<push_read>.
906		1250
907	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1251	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
908	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1252	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
909	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1253	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
910	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1254	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
911		1255
912	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1256	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
913	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1257	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
914		1258
…		…
972		1316
973	sub _drain_rbuf {	1317	sub _drain_rbuf {
974	my ($self) = @_;	1318	my ($self) = @_;
975		1319
976	# avoid recursion	1320	# avoid recursion
977	return if exists $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};	1321	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
978	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;	1322	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
979
980	if (
981	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
982	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
983	) {
984	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
985	}
986		1323
987	while () {	1324	while () {
988	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while	1325	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
989	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.	1326	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
990	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};	1327	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1328	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
991		1329
992	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1330	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
993		1331
994	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1332	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
995	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1333	unless ($cb->($self)) {
996	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1334	# no progress can be made
997	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1335	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
998	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1336	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
999	}	1337	if $self->{_eof};
1000		1338
1001	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1339	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
1002	last;	1340	last;
1003	}	1341	}
1004	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1342	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
1024	last;	1362	last;
1025	}	1363	}
1026	}	1364	}
1027		1365
1028	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1366	if ($self->{_eof}) {
1029	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1367	$self->{on_eof}
1030	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1368	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
1031	} else {
1032	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");	1369	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
1033	}	1370
		1371	return;
		1372	}
		1373
		1374	if (
		1375	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1376	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1377	) {
		1378	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
1034	}	1379	}
1035		1380
1036	# may need to restart read watcher	1381	# may need to restart read watcher
1037	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1382	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
1038	$self->start_read	1383	$self->start_read
…		…
1044		1389
1045	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1390	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
1046	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1391	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
1047	constructor.	1392	constructor.
1048		1393
		1394	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1395	destroyed after it returns).
		1396
1049	=cut	1397	=cut
1050		1398
1051	sub on_read {	1399	sub on_read {
1052	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1400	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1053		1401
…		…
1055	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;	1403	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
1056	}	1404	}
1057		1405
1058	=item $handle->rbuf	1406	=item $handle->rbuf
1059		1407
1060	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1408	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1409	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1410	much faster, and no less clean).
1061		1411
1062	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>	1412	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
1063	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the	1413	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
1064	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its	1414	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
1065	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
1066	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
1067		1415
1068	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1416	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
1069	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1417	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
1070	automatically manage the read buffer.	1418	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1419	will manage the read buffer on their own.
1071		1420
1072	=cut	1421	=cut
1073		1422
1074	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1423	sub rbuf : lvalue {
1075	$_[0]{rbuf}	1424	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
1092		1441
1093	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1442	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
1094	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1443	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
1095	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1444	true, it will be removed from the queue.
1096		1445
		1446	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1447	destroyed after it returns).
		1448
1097	=cut	1449	=cut
1098		1450
1099	our %RH;	1451	our %RH;
1100		1452
1101	sub register_read_type($$) {	1453	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
1107	my $cb = pop;	1459	my $cb = pop;
1108		1460
1109	if (@_) {	1461	if (@_) {
1110	my $type = shift;	1462	my $type = shift;
1111		1463
		1464	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
1112	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1465	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
1113	->($self, $cb, @_);	1466	->($self, $cb, @_);
1114	}	1467	}
1115		1468
1116	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1469	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
1117	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1470	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
1122	my $cb = pop;	1475	my $cb = pop;
1123		1476
1124	if (@_) {	1477	if (@_) {
1125	my $type = shift;	1478	my $type = shift;
1126		1479
		1480	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
1127	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1481	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
1128	->($self, $cb, @_);	1482	->($self, $cb, @_);
1129	}	1483	}
1130
1131		1484
1132	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1485	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
1133	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1486	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1134	}	1487	}
1135		1488
…		…
1137		1490
1138	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1491	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
1139		1492
1140	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1493	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
1141	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1494	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
1142	etc.	1495	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1496	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1497	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
1143		1498
1144	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1499	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
1145	drop by and tell us):	1500	drop by and tell us):
1146		1501
1147	=over 4	1502	=over 4
…		…
1153	data.	1508	data.
1154		1509
1155	Example: read 2 bytes.	1510	Example: read 2 bytes.
1156		1511
1157	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1512	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
1158	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1513	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
1159	});	1514	});
1160		1515
1161	=cut	1516	=cut
1162		1517
1163	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1518	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
1193		1548
1194	register_read_type line => sub {	1549	register_read_type line => sub {
1195	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1550	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
1196		1551
1197	if (@_ < 3) {	1552	if (@_ < 3) {
1198	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below	1553	# this is faster then the generic code below
1199	sub {	1554	sub {
1200	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;	1555	(my $pos = index $_[0]{rbuf}, "\012") >= 0
		1556	or return;
1201		1557
		1558	(my $str = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $pos + 1, "") =~ s/(\015?\012)\Z// or die;
1202	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1559	$cb->($_[0], $str, "$1");
1203	1	1560	1
1204	}	1561	}
1205	} else {	1562	} else {
1206	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1563	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
1207	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1564	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
1208		1565
1209	sub {	1566	sub {
1210	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1567	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
1211		1568
1212	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1569	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
1213	1	1570	1
1214	}	1571	}
1215	}	1572	}
1216	};	1573	};
1217		1574
…		…
1239	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1596	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1240	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1597	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1241	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1598	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1242	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1599	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1243	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1600	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1244	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1601	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1245		1602
1246	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1603	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1247	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1604	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1248	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1605	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1249	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1606	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1250	required for the accept regex.	1607	required for the accept regex.
1251		1608
1252	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1609	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1265		1622
1266	sub {	1623	sub {
1267	# accept	1624	# accept
1268	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1625	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
1269	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1626	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
1270	$cb->($self, $data);	1627	$cb->($_[0], $data);
1271	return 1;	1628	return 1;
1272	}	1629	}
1273		1630
1274	# reject	1631	# reject
1275	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1632	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1276	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1633	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1277	}	1634	}
1278		1635
1279	# skip	1636	# skip
1280	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1637	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1281	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1638	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1297	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1654	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1298		1655
1299	sub {	1656	sub {
1300	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1657	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1301	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1658	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1302	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1659	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1303	}	1660	}
1304	return;	1661	return;
1305	}	1662	}
1306		1663
1307	my $len = $1;	1664	my $len = $1;
1308		1665
1309	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1666	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1310	my $string = $_[1];	1667	my $string = $_[1];
1311	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1668	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1312	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1669	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1313	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1670	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1314	} else {	1671	} else {
1315	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1672	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1316	}	1673	}
1317	});	1674	});
1318	});	1675	});
1319		1676
1320	1	1677	1
…		…
1370	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1727	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1371		1728
1372	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the	1729	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
1373	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.	1730	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1374		1731
1375	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1732	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
1376	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1733	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a L<JSON::XS> or
		1734	L<JSON::PP> coder object expecting UTF-8.
1377		1735
1378	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1736	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
1379	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a	1737	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above.
1380	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
1381	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
1382		1738
1383	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write	1739	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
1384	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See	1740	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
1385	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1741	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1386		1742
1387	=cut	1743	=cut
1388		1744
1389	register_read_type json => sub {	1745	register_read_type json => sub {
1390	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1746	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1391		1747
1392	my $json = $self->{json} ||=	1748	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1393	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
1394	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1395		1749
1396	my $data;	1750	my $data;
1397	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1398		1751
1399	sub {	1752	sub {
1400	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };	1753	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
1401		1754
1402	if ($ref) {	1755	if ($ref) {
1403	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1756	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1404	$json->incr_text = "";	1757	$json->incr_text = "";
1405	$cb->($self, $ref);	1758	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1406		1759
1407	1	1760	1
1408	} elsif ($@) {	1761	} elsif ($@) {
1409	# error case	1762	# error case
1410	$json->incr_skip;	1763	$json->incr_skip;
1411		1764
1412	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1765	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1413	$json->incr_text = "";	1766	$json->incr_text = "";
1414		1767
1415	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1768	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1416		1769
1417	()	1770	()
1418	} else {	1771	} else {
1419	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1772	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
1420		1773
		1774	()
		1775	}
		1776	}
		1777	};
		1778
		1779	=item cbor => $cb->($handle, $scalar)
		1780
		1781	Reads a CBOR value, decodes it and passes it to the callback. When a parse
		1782	error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1783
		1784	If a L<CBOR::XS> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
		1785	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a CBOR coder without
		1786	enabling any options.
		1787
		1788	You have to provide a dependency to L<CBOR::XS> on your own: this module
		1789	will load the L<CBOR::XS> module, but AnyEvent does not depend on it
		1790	itself.
		1791
		1792	Since CBOR values are fully self-delimiting, the C<cbor> read and write
		1793	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange CBOR datagrams. See
		1794	the C<cbor> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1795
		1796	=cut
		1797
		1798	register_read_type cbor => sub {
		1799	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1800
		1801	my $cbor = $self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder;
		1802
		1803	my $data;
		1804
		1805	sub {
		1806	my (@value) = eval { $cbor->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
		1807
		1808	if (@value) {
		1809	$cb->($_[0], @value);
		1810
		1811	1
		1812	} elsif ($@) {
		1813	# error case
		1814	$cbor->incr_reset;
		1815
		1816	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1817
		1818	()
		1819	} else {
1421	()	1820	()
1422	}	1821	}
1423	}	1822	}
1424	};	1823	};
1425		1824
…		…
1434	=cut	1833	=cut
1435		1834
1436	register_read_type storable => sub {	1835	register_read_type storable => sub {
1437	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1836	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1438		1837
1439	require Storable;	1838	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
1440		1839
1441	sub {	1840	sub {
1442	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1841	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1443	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })	1842	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1444	or return;	1843	or return;
…		…
1447		1846
1448	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk	1847	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1449	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {	1848	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1450	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;	1849	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1451	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";	1850	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1851
1452	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));	1852	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1853	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1453	} else {	1854	} else {
1454	# remove prefix	1855	# remove prefix
1455	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";	1856	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1456		1857
1457	# read remaining chunk	1858	# read remaining chunk
1458	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1859	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1459	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1860	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
1460	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1461	} else {
1462	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);	1861	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1463	}
1464	});	1862	});
1465	}	1863	}
1466		1864
1467	1	1865	1
1468	}	1866	}
1469	};	1867	};
1470		1868
		1869	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1870
		1871	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1872	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1873	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1874	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1875
		1876	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1877	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1878	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1879	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1880	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1881	C<$detect>.
		1882
		1883	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1884	TLS negotiation.
		1885
		1886	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1887	handlers.
		1888
		1889	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1890
		1891	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1892	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1893	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1894	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1895	accomodate protocol changes.
		1896
		1897	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1898	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1899
		1900	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1901
		1902	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1903	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1904
		1905	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1906	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1907	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1908
		1909	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1910
		1911	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1912	line.
		1913
		1914	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1915	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1916	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1917	});
		1918
		1919	=cut
		1920
		1921	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1922	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1923
		1924	sub {
		1925	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1926	if (
		1927	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1928	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1929	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1930	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1931	) {
		1932	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1933
		1934	# full match, valid TLS record
		1935	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1936	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1937	} else {
		1938	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1939	$cb->($self, undef);
		1940	}
		1941
		1942	1
		1943	}
		1944	};
		1945
		1946	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1947	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1948
		1949	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1950	return unless $_[1];
		1951	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1952	})
		1953	};
		1954
1471	=back	1955	=back
1472		1956
1473	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1957	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1474		1958
1475	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1959	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1960	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1961	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1962	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1963	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1476		1964
1477	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1965	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1478	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1966	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1479	arguments.
1480		1967
1481	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1968	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1482	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1969	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1970	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1971	converter.
1483		1972
1484	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1973	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1485	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1974	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1975	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1486		1976
1487	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1488	global, so try to use unique names.
1489
1490	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1977	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1491	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1978	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1492		1979
1493	=item $handle->stop_read	1980	=item $handle->stop_read
1494		1981
1495	=item $handle->start_read	1982	=item $handle->start_read
1496		1983
…		…
1502	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1989	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1503	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1990	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1504	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1991	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1505	there are any read requests in the queue.	1992	there are any read requests in the queue.
1506		1993
1507	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support	1994	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
1508	half-duplex connections).	1995	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1996	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1997	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1998	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1999	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		2000	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		2001	during a rehandshake.
		2002
		2003	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		2004	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
1509		2005
1510	=cut	2006	=cut
1511		2007
1512	sub stop_read {	2008	sub stop_read {
1513	my ($self) = @_;	2009	my ($self) = @_;
1514		2010
1515	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};	2011	delete $self->{_rw};
1516	}	2012	}
1517		2013
1518	sub start_read {	2014	sub start_read {
1519	my ($self) = @_;	2015	my ($self) = @_;
1520		2016
1521	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	2017	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1522	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	2018	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1523		2019
1524	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	2020	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1525	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	2021	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1526	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	2022	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1527		2023
1528	if ($len > 0) {	2024	if ($len > 0) {
1529	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	2025	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1530		2026
1531	if ($self->{tls}) {	2027	if ($self->{tls}) {
1532	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	2028	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1533		2029
1534	&_dotls ($self);	2030	&_dotls ($self);
1535	} else {	2031	} else {
1536	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2032	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1537	}	2033	}
1538		2034
		2035	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		2036	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		2037	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		2038	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		2039	}
		2040
1539	} elsif (defined $len) {	2041	} elsif (defined $len) {
1540	delete $self->{_rw};	2042	delete $self->{_rw};
1541	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2043	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1542	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2044	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1543		2045
1544	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	2046	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1545	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	2047	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1546	}	2048	}
1547	});	2049	};
1548	}	2050	}
1549	}	2051	}
1550		2052
1551	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;	2053	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
1552	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;	2054	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
…		…
1555	my ($self, $err) = @_;	2057	my ($self, $err) = @_;
1556		2058
1557	return $self->_error ($!, 1)	2059	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
1558	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	2060	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1559		2061
1560	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());	2062	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
1561		2063
1562	# reduce error string to look less scary	2064	# reduce error string to look less scary
1563	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;	2065	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
1564		2066
1565	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {	2067	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
…		…
1579	sub _dotls {	2081	sub _dotls {
1580	my ($self) = @_;	2082	my ($self) = @_;
1581		2083
1582	my $tmp;	2084	my $tmp;
1583		2085
1584	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	2086	while (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1585	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	2087	if (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) <= 0) {
1586	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";	2088	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		2089
		2090	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2091	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2092	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2093
		2094	last;
1587	}	2095	}
1588		2096
1589	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);	2097	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1590	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1591	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1592	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1593	}	2098	}
1594		2099
1595	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2100	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1596	unless (length $tmp) {	2101	unless (length $tmp) {
1597	$self->{_on_starttls}	2102	$self->{_on_starttls}
…		…
1611	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;	2116	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1612	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2117	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1613	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	2118	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1614	}	2119	}
1615		2120
1616	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	2121	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); # -1 is not neccessarily correct, but Net::SSLeay doesn't tell us
1617	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)	2122	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1618	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ	2123	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1619	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);	2124	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1620		2125
1621	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2126	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1622	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	2127	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1623	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2128	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2129	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1624	}	2130	}
1625		2131
1626	$self->{_on_starttls}	2132	$self->{_on_starttls}
1627	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()	2133	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1628	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");	2134	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
…		…
1630		2136
1631	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2137	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1632		2138
1633	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2139	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1634	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2140	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1635	C<starttls>.	2141	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
1636		2142
1637	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some	2143	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
1638	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start	2144	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
1639	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.	2145	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2146	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2147	data when calling this method.
1640		2148
1641	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2149	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1642	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2150	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1643		2151
1644	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used	2152	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
…		…
1649	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS	2157	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1650	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or	2158	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1651	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started	2159	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
1652	when this function returns.	2160	when this function returns.
1653		2161
1654	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	2162	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1655	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	2163	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2164	stream after stopping TLS.
		2165
		2166	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2167	destroyed after it returns).
1656		2168
1657	=cut	2169	=cut
1658		2170
1659	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?	2171	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1660		2172
1661	sub starttls {	2173	sub starttls {
1662	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2174	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1663		2175
1664	require Net::SSLeay;	2176	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
1665
1666	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1667	if $self->{tls};	2177	if $self->{tls};
		2178
		2179	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
		2180	eval {
		2181	require Net::SSLeay;
		2182	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		2183	1
		2184	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2185	}
		2186
		2187	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2188	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2189
		2190	return unless $self->{fh};
1668		2191
1669	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();	2192	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1670	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();	2193	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1671		2194
		2195	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
1672	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};	2196	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
1673		2197
1674	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session	2198	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
1675		2199
1676	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {	2200	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
1677	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1678
1679	if ($ctx->{cache}) {	2201	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
1680	my $key = $ctx+0;	2202	my $key = $ctx+0;
1681	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2203	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1682	} else {	2204	} else {
1683	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;	2205	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
1684	}	2206	}
1685	}	2207	}
1686		2208
1687	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();	2209	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1688	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});	2210	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1689		2211
1690	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2212	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1691	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2213	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1692	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2214	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1693	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2215	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1700	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	2222	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1701	# have identity issues in that area.	2223	# have identity issues in that area.
1702	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,	2224	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1703	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2225	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1704	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2226	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1705	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);	2227	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1706		2228
1707	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2229	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1708	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2230	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1709		2231
		2232	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2233	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2234
1710	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2235	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1711		2236
1712	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }	2237	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1713	if $self->{on_starttls};	2238	if $self->{on_starttls};
1714		2239
1715	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	2240	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
…		…
1718		2243
1719	=item $handle->stoptls	2244	=item $handle->stoptls
1720		2245
1721	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	2246	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1722	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	2247	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1723	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	2248	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1724	afterwards.	2249	the stream afterwards.
		2250
		2251	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2252	destroyed after it returns).
1725		2253
1726	=cut	2254	=cut
1727		2255
1728	sub stoptls {	2256	sub stoptls {
1729	my ($self) = @_;	2257	my ($self) = @_;
1730		2258
1731	if ($self->{tls}) {	2259	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1732	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	2260	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1733		2261
1734	&_dotls;	2262	&_dotls;
1735		2263
1736	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#	2264	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
…		…
1742	sub _freetls {	2270	sub _freetls {
1743	my ($self) = @_;	2271	my ($self) = @_;
1744		2272
1745	return unless $self->{tls};	2273	return unless $self->{tls};
1746		2274
1747	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});	2275	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2276	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1748		2277
1749	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};	2278	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1750	}	2279	}
		2280
		2281	=item $handle->resettls
		2282
		2283	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2284	causing data loss.
		2285
		2286	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2287	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2288	no concern.
		2289
		2290	=cut
		2291
		2292	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1751		2293
1752	sub DESTROY {	2294	sub DESTROY {
1753	my ($self) = @_;	2295	my ($self) = @_;
1754		2296
1755	&_freetls;	2297	&_freetls;
…		…
1760	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2302	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1761	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2303	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1762		2304
1763	my @linger;	2305	my @linger;
1764		2306
1765	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2307	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1766	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2308	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1767		2309
1768	if ($len > 0) {	2310	if ($len > 0) {
1769	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2311	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1770	} else {	2312	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1771	@linger = (); # end	2313	@linger = (); # end
1772	}	2314	}
1773	});	2315	};
1774	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2316	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1775	@linger = ();	2317	@linger = ();
1776	});	2318	};
1777	}	2319	}
1778	}	2320	}
1779		2321
1780	=item $handle->destroy	2322	=item $handle->destroy
1781		2323
1782	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2324	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1783	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible	2325	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1784	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2326	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2327	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2328	empty list).
1785		2329
1786	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2330	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1787	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2331	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1788	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2332	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1789	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2333	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
…		…
1803	sub destroy {	2347	sub destroy {
1804	my ($self) = @_;	2348	my ($self) = @_;
1805		2349
1806	$self->DESTROY;	2350	$self->DESTROY;
1807	%$self = ();	2351	%$self = ();
		2352	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1808	}	2353	}
		2354
		2355	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2356	#nop
		2357	}
		2358
		2359	=item $handle->destroyed
		2360
		2361	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2362	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2363
		2364	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2365	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2366	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2367	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2368
		2369	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2370	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2371	$hdl->push_write (...
		2372
		2373	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2374	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2375	handle being destroyed.
		2376
		2377	=cut
		2378
		2379	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2380	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1809		2381
1810	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2382	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1811		2383
1812	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default	2384	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1813	for TLS mode.	2385	for TLS mode.
…		…
1841		2413
1842	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,	2414	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
1843	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<	2415	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
1844	->destroy >> method.	2416	->destroy >> method.
1845		2417
		2418	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2419
		2420	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2421	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2422	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2423
		2424	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2425	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2426	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2427	queue.
		2428
		2429	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2430
		2431	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2432
		2433	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2434	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2435	and handles them, in a loop.
		2436
		2437	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2438	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2439	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2440	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2441	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2442
		2443	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2444	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2445
		2446	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2447	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2448	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2449
		2450	... handle request
		2451
		2452	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2453	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2454	});
		2455
		2456	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2457	# now push the first @start_request
		2458	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2459
		2460	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2461	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2462	unexpectedly.
		2463
		2464	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2465	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2466	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2467	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2468	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2469	problem).
		2470
		2471	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2472	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2473	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2474
		2475	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2476	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2477	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2478	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2479	and simpler:
		2480
		2481	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2482	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2483	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2484
		2485	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2486	# simply start read the request
		2487
		2488	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2489	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2490
		2491	... handle request
		2492
		2493	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2494	# let the request queue go empty.
		2495	});
		2496	});
		2497
1846	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2498	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1847	reading?	2499	reading?
1848		2500
1849	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2501	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1850	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2502	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1851	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2503	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1852	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2504	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1853		2505
1854	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2506	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1855	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2507	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1856	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2508	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1857		2509
1858	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2510	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1859	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2511	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1871	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2523	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1872	$handle->on_error (sub {	2524	$handle->on_error (sub {
1873	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2525	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1874	});	2526	});
1875		2527
		2528	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2529	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2530	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2531
1876	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2532	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1877	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2533	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1878	fact, all data has been received.	2534	fact all data has been received.
1879		2535
1880	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2536	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1881	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2537	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1882	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2538	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1883	explicit QUIT command.	2539	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1890	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been	2546	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
1891	written to the socket:	2547	written to the socket:
1892		2548
1893	$handle->push_write (...);	2549	$handle->push_write (...);
1894	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2550	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1895	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2551	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
1896	undef $handle;	2552	undef $handle;
1897	});	2553	});
1898		2554
1899	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,	2555	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
1900	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.	2556	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
1901		2557
1902	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.	2558	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
1903		2559
1904	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,	2560	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
1905	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>	2561	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
1906	parameter:	2562	parameter:
1907		2563
1908	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {	2564	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
1909	my ($fh) = @_;	2565	my ($fh) = @_;
1910		2566
…		…
1984	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not	2640	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
1985	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.	2641	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1986		2642
1987	=back	2643	=back
1988		2644
1989
1990	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2645	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1991		2646
1992	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2647	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1993		2648
1994	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these	2649	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
…		…
2010		2665
2011	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2666	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
2012	are free to use in subclasses.	2667	are free to use in subclasses.
2013		2668
2014	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2669	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
2015	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2670	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
2016		2671
2017	=back	2672	=back
2018		2673
2019	=head1 AUTHOR	2674	=head1 AUTHOR
2020		2675
2021	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2676	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
2022		2677
2023	=cut	2678	=cut
2024		2679
2025	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2680	1
		2681

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