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Revision 1.32 by root, Sun May 25 01:10:54 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.150 by root, Thu Jul 16 04:16:25 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEAGAIN);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();	10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;	11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		12
13	=head1 NAME	13	=head1 NAME
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = '0.04';	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	warn "got error $_[2]\n";
33	},	32	$cv->send;
34	);	33	);
35		34
36	# send some request line	35	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	36	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		37
39	# read the response line	38	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	39	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	40	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	41	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	42	$cv->send;
44	});	43	});
45		44
46	$cv->recv;	45	$cv->recv;
47		46
…		…
49		48
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		52
		53	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		54	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		55
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	56	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	57	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	58	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		59
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	60	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		62
61	=head1 METHODS	63	=head1 METHODS
62		64
63	=over 4	65	=over 4
64		66
65	=item B<new (%args)>	67	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		68
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	69	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		70
69	=over 4	71	=over 4
70		72
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	73	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		74
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	75	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		76
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($self)	81	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		82
80	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	83	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		84	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		85	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		86	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		87	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
81		88
82	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	89	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
83	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	90	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
84	waiting for data.	91	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		92	down.
85		93
86	=item on_error => $cb->($self)	94	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		95	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
87		96
		97	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		98
88	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	99	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	100	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90	or a read error.	101	connect or a read error.
91		102
92	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	103	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93	called.	104	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		105	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		106	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		107	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		108
		109	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		110	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		111	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		112	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		113
		114	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
		115	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		116	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		117	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
94		118
95	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	119	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
96	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE> or C<EBADMSG>).	120	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		121	C<EPROTO>).
97		122
98	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	123	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
99	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	124	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
100	die.	125	C<croak>.
101		126
102	=item on_read => $cb->($self)	127	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
103		128
104	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	129	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
105	and no read request is in the queue.	130	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		131	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		132	read buffer).
106		133
107	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	134	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
108	method or access the C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly.	135	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		136	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		137	the beginning from it.
109		138
110	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	139	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
111	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	140	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
112	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	141	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
113	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	142	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
114		143
		144	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		145	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		146	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		147	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		148
115	=item on_drain => $cb->()	149	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
116		150
117	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	151	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
118	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	152	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
119		153
120	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	154	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
121		155
		156	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		157	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		158	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		159	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		160	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		161
		162	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		163
		164	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
		165	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
		166	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
		167	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
		168
		169	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
		170	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		171	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
		172	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		173	restart the timeout.
		174
		175	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
		176
		177	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		178
		179	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		180	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		181	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
		182
122	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	183	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
123		184
124	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	185	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
125	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	186	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
126	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	187	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
127		188
128	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	189	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
129	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	190	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
130	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	191	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
131	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	192	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
132	isn't finished).	193	isn't finished).
133		194
		195	=item autocork => <boolean>
		196
		197	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		198	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		199	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		200	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		201	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		202	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		203
		204	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		205	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		206	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		207	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		208
		209	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		210
		211	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		212	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		213	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		214
		215	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		216	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		217
		218	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		219	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		220
134	=item read_size => <bytes>	221	=item read_size => <bytes>
135		222
136	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	223	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
137	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	224	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		225	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
138		226
139	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	227	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
140		228
141	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	229	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
142	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	230	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
143	considered empty.	231	considered empty.
144		232
		233	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		234	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		235	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		236	is good in almost all cases.
		237
		238	=item linger => <seconds>
		239
		240	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		241	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		242	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		243	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		244	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		245
		246	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		247	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		248	help.
		249
		250	=item peername => $string
		251
		252	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		253	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		254
		255	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		256	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		257	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		258	C<undef>.
		259
145	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	260	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
146		261
147	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	262	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
148	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	263	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
149	data.	264	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		265
		266	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		267	appropriate error message.
150		268
151	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	269	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
152	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	270	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		271	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		272	to add the dependency yourself.
153		273
154	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	274	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
155	connection, use C<connect> mode.	275	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		276	mode.
156		277
157	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	278	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
158	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	279	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
159	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	280	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
160	AnyEvent::Handle.	281	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		282	object.
161		283
		284	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		285	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		286	away.
		287
		288	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		289	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		290	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		291	segmentation fault.
		292
162	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	293	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
163		294
164	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	295	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
165		296
166	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	297	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
167	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	298	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
168	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	299	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
169		300
		301	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		302	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		303	new TLS context object.
		304
		305	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		306
		307	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		308	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		309	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		310
		311	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		312	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		313
		314	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		315	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		316
		317	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		318	called, as normal.
		319
		320	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		321	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		322	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		323
		324	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		325
		326	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		327	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		328	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		329	on the handle.
		330
		331	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		332	callback.
		333
		334	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		335	underlying handle signals EOF.
		336
		337	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
		338
		339	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
		340
		341	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		342	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		343	texts.
		344
		345	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
		346	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
		347
170	=back	348	=back
171		349
172	=cut	350	=cut
173		351
174	sub new {	352	sub new {
175	my $class = shift;	353	my $class = shift;
176
177	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	354	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
178		355
179	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	356	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
180		357
181	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	358	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
182		359
183	if ($self->{tls}) {	360	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
184	require Net::SSLeay;	361	$self->_timeout;
		362
		363	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		364
185	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	365	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
186	}	366	if $self->{tls};
187		367
188	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
189	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
190	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	368	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
191	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
192		369
193	$self->start_read;	370	$self->start_read
		371	if $self->{on_read};
194		372
195	$self	373	$self->{fh} && $self
196	}	374	}
197		375
198	sub _shutdown {	376	#sub _shutdown {
199	my ($self) = @_;	377	# my ($self) = @_;
		378	#
		379	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
		380	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
		381	#
		382	# &_freetls;
		383	#}
200		384
201	delete $self->{rw};
202	delete $self->{ww};
203	delete $self->{fh};
204	}
205
206	sub error {	385	sub _error {
207	my ($self) = @_;	386	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
208		387
209	{	388	$! = $errno;
210	local $!;	389	$message ||= "$!";
211	$self->_shutdown;
212	}
213		390
214	if ($self->{on_error}) {	391	if ($self->{on_error}) {
215	$self->{on_error}($self);	392	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
216	} else {	393	$self->destroy;
		394	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		395	$self->destroy;
217	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	396	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
218	}	397	}
219	}	398	}
220		399
221	=item $fh = $handle->fh	400	=item $fh = $handle->fh
222		401
223	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	402	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
224		403
225	=cut	404	=cut
226		405
227	sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} }	406	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
228		407
229	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)	408	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
230		409
231	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).	410	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
232		411
…		…
244		423
245	sub on_eof {	424	sub on_eof {
246	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	425	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
247	}	426	}
248		427
		428	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		429
		430	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
		431	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
		432	argument and method.
		433
		434	=cut
		435
		436	sub on_timeout {
		437	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		438	}
		439
		440	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		441
		442	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		443	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		444
		445	=cut
		446
		447	sub autocork {
		448	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		449	}
		450
		451	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		452
		453	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		454	the same name for details).
		455
		456	=cut
		457
		458	sub no_delay {
		459	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		460
		461	eval {
		462	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		463	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		464	};
		465	}
		466
		467	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		468
		469	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		470
		471	=cut
		472
		473	sub on_starttls {
		474	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		475	}
		476
		477	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		478
		479	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		480
		481	=cut
		482
		483	sub on_starttls {
		484	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		485	}
		486
		487	#############################################################################
		488
		489	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		490
		491	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		492
		493	=cut
		494
		495	sub timeout {
		496	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
		497
		498	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;
		499	$self->_timeout;
		500	}
		501
		502	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		503	# also check for time-outs
		504	sub _timeout {
		505	my ($self) = @_;
		506
		507	if ($self->{timeout}) {
		508	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		509
		510	# when would the timeout trigger?
		511	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
		512
		513	# now or in the past already?
		514	if ($after <= 0) {
		515	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
		516
		517	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
		518	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
		519	} else {
		520	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		521	}
		522
		523	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		524	return unless $self->{timeout};
		525
		526	# calculate new after
		527	$after = $self->{timeout};
		528	}
		529
		530	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		531	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		532
		533	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
		534	delete $self->{_tw};
		535	$self->_timeout;
		536	});
		537	} else {
		538	delete $self->{_tw};
		539	}
		540	}
		541
249	#############################################################################	542	#############################################################################
250		543
251	=back	544	=back
252		545
253	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	546	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
274	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	567	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
275		568
276	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	569	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
277		570
278	$cb->($self)	571	$cb->($self)
279	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	572	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
280	}	573	}
281		574
282	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	575	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
283		576
284	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	577	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
288	=cut	581	=cut
289		582
290	sub _drain_wbuf {	583	sub _drain_wbuf {
291	my ($self) = @_;	584	my ($self) = @_;
292		585
293	if (!$self->{ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {	586	if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		587
294	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	588	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		589
295	my $cb = sub {	590	my $cb = sub {
296	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	591	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
297		592
298	if ($len >= 0) {	593	if (defined $len) {
299	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	594	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
300		595
		596	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
		597
301	$self->{on_drain}($self)	598	$self->{on_drain}($self)
302	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	599	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
303	&& $self->{on_drain};	600	&& $self->{on_drain};
304		601
305	delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	602	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
306	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEAGAIN) {	603	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
307	$self->error;	604	$self->_error ($!, 1);
308	}	605	}
309	};	606	};
310		607
		608	# try to write data immediately
		609	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
		610
		611	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
311	$self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb);	612	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
312		613	if length $self->{wbuf};
313	$cb->($self);
314	};	614	};
315	}	615	}
316		616
317	our %WH;	617	our %WH;
318		618
…		…
328		628
329	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	629	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
330	->($self, @_);	630	->($self, @_);
331	}	631	}
332		632
333	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	633	if ($self->{tls}) {
334	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	634	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		635
		636	&_dotls ($self);
335	} else {	637	} else {
336	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	638	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
337	$self->_drain_wbuf;	639	$self->_drain_wbuf;
338	}	640	}
339	}	641	}
340		642
341	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	643	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
342		644
343	=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
344
345	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	645	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
346	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	646	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
347		647
348	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	648	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
349	drop by and tell us):	649	drop by and tell us):
…		…
353	=item netstring => $string	653	=item netstring => $string
354		654
355	Formats the given value as netstring	655	Formats the given value as netstring
356	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).	656	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
357		657
358	=back
359
360	=cut	658	=cut
361		659
362	register_write_type netstring => sub {	660	register_write_type netstring => sub {
363	my ($self, $string) = @_;	661	my ($self, $string) = @_;
364		662
365	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	663	(length $string) . ":$string,"
366	};	664	};
367		665
		666	=item packstring => $format, $data
		667
		668	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		669	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		670	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		671	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		672
		673	=cut
		674
		675	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		676	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		677
		678	pack "$format/a*", $string
		679	};
		680
		681	=item json => $array_or_hashref
		682
		683	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
		684	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
		685	in UTF-8.
		686
		687	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
		688	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
		689	additional framing.
		690
		691	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
		692	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
		693	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
		694
		695	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
		696	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
		697	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
		698	JSON text:
		699
		700	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		701	$handle->push_write ("\012");
		702
		703	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
		704	rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
		705
		706	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		707
		708	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
		709	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
		710
		711	=cut
		712
		713	register_write_type json => sub {
		714	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		715
		716	require JSON;
		717
		718	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
		719	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
		720	};
		721
		722	=item storable => $reference
		723
		724	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		725	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		726
		727	=cut
		728
		729	register_write_type storable => sub {
		730	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		731
		732	require Storable;
		733
		734	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		735	};
		736
		737	=back
		738
		739	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		740
		741	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		742	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		743	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		744	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		745	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		746
		747	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		748
		749	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		750	the peer.
		751
		752	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		753	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		754
		755	=cut
		756
		757	sub push_shutdown {
		758	my ($self) = @_;
		759
		760	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		761	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		762	}
		763
368	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($self, @args)	764	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
369		765
370	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	766	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
371	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	767	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
372	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	768	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
373		769
…		…
392	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	788	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
393	a queue.	789	a queue.
394		790
395	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	791	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
396	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	792	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
397	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	793	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
398	or not.	794	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		795	partial message has been received so far).
399		796
400	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	797	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
401	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	798	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
402	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	799	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
403	below).	800	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
404		801
405	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	802	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
406	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	803	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
407		804
408	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	805	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
409	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	806	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
410		807
411	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	808	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
412	$handle->on_read (sub {	809	$handle->on_read (sub {
413	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	810	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
414	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	811	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
415	# header arrived, decode	812	# header arrived, decode
416	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	813	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
417		814
418	# now read the payload	815	# now read the payload
419	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	816	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
420	my $xml = $_[1];	817	my $xml = $_[1];
421	# handle xml	818	# handle xml
422	});	819	});
423	});	820	});
424	});	821	});
425		822
426	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	823	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
427	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	824	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
428	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	825	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
429	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	826	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
430	the callbacks:	827	in the callbacks.
431		828
432	# request one	829	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		830	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		831	64-byte chunk callback.
		832
		833	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
433	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	834	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
434		835
435	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	836	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
436	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	837	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
437	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	838	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
438	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	839	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
439	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	840	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
440	# we don't do this in case we got an error	841	# we don't do this in case we got an error
441	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	842	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
442	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	843	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
443	my $response = $_[1];	844	my $response = $_[1];
444	...	845	...
445	});	846	});
446	}	847	}
447	});	848	});
448		849
449	# request two	850	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
450	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	851	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
451		852
452	# simply read 64 bytes, always	853	# simply read 64 bytes, always
453	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	854	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
454	my $response = $_[1];	855	my $response = $_[1];
455	...	856	...
456	});	857	});
457		858
458	=over 4	859	=over 4
459		860
460	=cut	861	=cut
461		862
462	sub _drain_rbuf {	863	sub _drain_rbuf {
463	my ($self) = @_;	864	my ($self) = @_;
		865
		866	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
464		867
465	if (	868	if (
466	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	869	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
467	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	870	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
468	) {	871	) {
469	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;	872	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
470	}	873	}
471		874
472	return if $self->{in_drain};	875	while () {
473	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	876	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		877	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		878	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
474		879
475	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	880	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
476	no strict 'refs';	881
477	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{queue} }) {	882	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
478	unless ($cb->($self)) {	883	unless ($cb->($self)) {
479	if ($self->{eof}) {	884	if ($self->{_eof}) {
480	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	885	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
481	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;	886	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
482	}	887	}
483		888
484	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	889	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
485	return;	890	last;
486	}	891	}
487	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	892	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		893	last unless $len;
		894
488	$self->{on_read}($self);	895	$self->{on_read}($self);
489		896
490	if (	897	if (
491	$self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
492	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed	898	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
493	&& !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty	899	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
494	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data	900	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
495	) {	901	) {
		902	# no further data will arrive
496	# then no progress can be made	903	# so no progress can be made
497	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;	904	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		905	if $self->{_eof};
		906
		907	last; # more data might arrive
498	}	908	}
499	} else {	909	} else {
500	# read side becomes idle	910	# read side becomes idle
501	delete $self->{rw};	911	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
502	return;	912	last;
503	}	913	}
504	}	914	}
505		915
506	if ($self->{eof}) {	916	if ($self->{_eof}) {
507	$self->_shutdown;	917	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
508	$self->{on_eof}($self)	918	$self->{on_eof}($self)
509	if $self->{on_eof};	919	} else {
		920	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		921	}
		922	}
		923
		924	# may need to restart read watcher
		925	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
		926	$self->start_read
		927	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
510	}	928	}
511	}	929	}
512		930
513	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	931	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
514		932
…		…
520		938
521	sub on_read {	939	sub on_read {
522	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	940	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
523		941
524	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	942	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		943	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
525	}	944	}
526		945
527	=item $handle->rbuf	946	=item $handle->rbuf
528		947
529	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	948	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
530		949
531	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	950	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
532	you want.	951	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		952	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		953	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		954	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
533		955
534	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	956	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
535	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	957	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
536	automatically manage the read buffer.	958	automatically manage the read buffer.
537		959
…		…
577		999
578	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1000	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
579	->($self, $cb, @_);	1001	->($self, $cb, @_);
580	}	1002	}
581		1003
582	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1004	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
583	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1005	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
584	}	1006	}
585		1007
586	sub unshift_read {	1008	sub unshift_read {
587	my $self = shift;	1009	my $self = shift;
588	my $cb = pop;	1010	my $cb = pop;
…		…
593	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1015	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
594	->($self, $cb, @_);	1016	->($self, $cb, @_);
595	}	1017	}
596		1018
597		1019
598	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1020	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
599	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1021	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
600	}	1022	}
601		1023
602	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1024	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
603		1025
604	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1026	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
610	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1032	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
611	drop by and tell us):	1033	drop by and tell us):
612		1034
613	=over 4	1035	=over 4
614		1036
615	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($self, $data)	1037	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
616		1038
617	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the	1039	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
618	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less	1040	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
619	data.	1041	data.
620		1042
…		…
634	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1056	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
635	1	1057	1
636	}	1058	}
637	};	1059	};
638		1060
639	# compatibility with older API
640	sub push_read_chunk {
641	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
642	}
643
644	sub unshift_read_chunk {
645	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
646	}
647
648	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol)	1061	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
649		1062
650	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1063	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
651	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1064	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
652	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1065	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
653	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).	1066	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
…		…
667	=cut	1080	=cut
668		1081
669	register_read_type line => sub {	1082	register_read_type line => sub {
670	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1083	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
671		1084
672	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1085	if (@_ < 3) {
		1086	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1087	sub {
		1088	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1089
		1090	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1091	1
		1092	}
		1093	} else {
673	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1094	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
674	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1095	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
		1096
		1097	sub {
		1098	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
		1099
		1100	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1101	1
		1102	}
		1103	}
		1104	};
		1105
		1106	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
		1107
		1108	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
		1109	everything up to and including the match.
		1110
		1111	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
		1112
		1113	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
		1114
		1115	If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
		1116	to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
		1117	does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
		1118	useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
		1119	receive buffer overflow).
		1120
		1121	Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
		1122	anything else (not the use of an anchor).
		1123
		1124	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
		1125
		1126	If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
		1127	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
		1128	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
		1129	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
		1130	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
		1131	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
		1132	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
		1133
		1134	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
		1135	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use
		1136	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
		1137	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
		1138	required for the accept regex.
		1139
		1140	$handle->push_read (regex =>
		1141	qr<\015\012\015\012>,
		1142	undef, # no reject
		1143	qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
		1144	sub { ... });
		1145
		1146	=cut
		1147
		1148	register_read_type regex => sub {
		1149	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
		1150
		1151	my $data;
		1152	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
675		1153
676	sub {	1154	sub {
677	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1155	# accept
678		1156	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
679	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1157	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1158	$cb->($self, $data);
		1159	return 1;
		1160	}
680	1	1161
		1162	# reject
		1163	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
		1164	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1165	}
		1166
		1167	# skip
		1168	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
		1169	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1170	}
		1171
		1172	()
681	}	1173	}
682	};	1174	};
683		1175
684	# compatibility with older API
685	sub push_read_line {
686	my $self = shift;
687	$self->push_read (line => @_);
688	}
689
690	sub unshift_read_line {
691	my $self = shift;
692	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
693	}
694
695	=item netstring => $cb->($string)	1176	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
696		1177
697	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).	1178	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
698		1179
699	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.	1180	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
700		1181
…		…
704	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1185	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
705		1186
706	sub {	1187	sub {
707	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1188	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
708	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1189	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
709	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;	1190	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
710	$self->error;
711	}	1191	}
712	return;	1192	return;
713	}	1193	}
714		1194
715	my $len = $1;	1195	my $len = $1;
…		…
718	my $string = $_[1];	1198	my $string = $_[1];
719	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1199	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
720	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1200	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
721	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1201	$cb->($_[0], $string);
722	} else {	1202	} else {
723	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
724	$self->error;	1203	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
725	}	1204	}
726	});	1205	});
727	});	1206	});
728		1207
729	1	1208	1
730	}	1209	}
731	};	1210	};
732		1211
		1212	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1213
		1214	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1215	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1216	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1217	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1218
		1219	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1220	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1221
		1222	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1223	format (very efficient).
		1224
		1225	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1226	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1227	});
		1228
		1229	=cut
		1230
		1231	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1232	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1233
		1234	sub {
		1235	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1236	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1237	or return;
		1238
		1239	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1240
		1241	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1242	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1243	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1244	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1245	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1246	} else {
		1247	# remove prefix
		1248	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1249
		1250	# read remaining chunk
		1251	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1252	}
		1253
		1254	1
		1255	}
		1256	};
		1257
		1258	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
		1259
		1260	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1261	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1262
		1263	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
		1264	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
		1265
		1266	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
		1267	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
		1268	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
		1269	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
		1270
		1271	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
		1272	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
		1273	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1274
		1275	=cut
		1276
		1277	register_read_type json => sub {
		1278	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1279
		1280	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1281	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1282	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
		1283
		1284	my $data;
		1285	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
		1286
		1287	sub {
		1288	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
		1289
		1290	if ($ref) {
		1291	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1292	$json->incr_text = "";
		1293	$cb->($self, $ref);
		1294
		1295	1
		1296	} elsif ($@) {
		1297	# error case
		1298	$json->incr_skip;
		1299
		1300	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1301	$json->incr_text = "";
		1302
		1303	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1304
		1305	()
		1306	} else {
		1307	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1308
		1309	()
		1310	}
		1311	}
		1312	};
		1313
		1314	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1315
		1316	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1317	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1318	data).
		1319
		1320	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1321
		1322	=cut
		1323
		1324	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1325	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1326
		1327	require Storable;
		1328
		1329	sub {
		1330	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1331	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1332	or return;
		1333
		1334	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1335
		1336	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1337	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1338	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1339	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1340	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1341	} else {
		1342	# remove prefix
		1343	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1344
		1345	# read remaining chunk
		1346	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1347	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1348	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1349	} else {
		1350	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1351	}
		1352	});
		1353	}
		1354
		1355	1
		1356	}
		1357	};
		1358
733	=back	1359	=back
734		1360
735	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($self, $cb, @args)	1361	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
736		1362
737	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1363	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
738		1364
739	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1365	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code
740	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1366	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining
…		…
742		1368
743	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1369	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)
744	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1370	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).
745		1371
746	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1372	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to
747	pass C<$self> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1373	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).
748		1374
749	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1375	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
750	global, so try to use unique names.	1376	global, so try to use unique names.
751		1377
752	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1378	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,
…		…
755	=item $handle->stop_read	1381	=item $handle->stop_read
756		1382
757	=item $handle->start_read	1383	=item $handle->start_read
758		1384
759	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1385	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
760	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1386	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
761	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1387	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
762	C<start_read>.	1388	C<start_read>.
763		1389
		1390	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1391	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1392	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1393	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1394
		1395	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1396	half-duplex connections).
		1397
764	=cut	1398	=cut
765		1399
766	sub stop_read {	1400	sub stop_read {
767	my ($self) = @_;	1401	my ($self) = @_;
768		1402
769	delete $self->{rw};	1403	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
770	}	1404	}
771		1405
772	sub start_read {	1406	sub start_read {
773	my ($self) = @_;	1407	my ($self) = @_;
774		1408
775	unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {	1409	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
776	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1410	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
777		1411
778	$self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1412	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
779	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1413	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
780	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1414	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
781		1415
782	if ($len > 0) {	1416	if ($len > 0) {
783	$self->{filter_r}	1417	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
784	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1418
785	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1419	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1420	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1421
		1422	&_dotls ($self);
		1423	} else {
		1424	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1425	}
786		1426
787	} elsif (defined $len) {	1427	} elsif (defined $len) {
788	delete $self->{rw};	1428	delete $self->{_rw};
789	$self->{eof} = 1;	1429	$self->{_eof} = 1;
790	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1430	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
791		1431
792	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != &AnyEvent::Util::WSAEAGAIN) {	1432	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
793	return $self->error;	1433	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
794	}	1434	}
795	});	1435	});
796	}	1436	}
797	}	1437	}
798		1438
		1439	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1440	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1441
		1442	sub _tls_error {
		1443	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1444
		1445	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1446	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1447
		1448	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1449
		1450	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1451	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1452
		1453	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1454	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1455	&_freetls;
		1456	} else {
		1457	&_freetls;
		1458	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1459	}
		1460	}
		1461
		1462	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1463	# also decode read data if possible
		1464	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1465	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1466	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
799	sub _dotls {	1467	sub _dotls {
800	my ($self) = @_;	1468	my ($self) = @_;
801		1469
		1470	my $tmp;
		1471
802	if (length $self->{tls_wbuf}) {	1472	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
803	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1473	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
804	substr $self->{tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1474	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
805	}	1475	}
806	}
807		1476
		1477	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1478	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1479	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1480	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1481	}
		1482
808	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{tls_wbio}))) {	1483	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1484	unless (length $tmp) {
		1485	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1486	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1487	&_freetls;
		1488
		1489	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1490	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1491	return;
		1492	} else {
		1493	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1494	delete $self->{_rw};
		1495	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1496	}
		1497	}
		1498
		1499	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1500	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1501	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1502	}
		1503
		1504	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1505	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1506	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1507	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1508
		1509	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
809	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1510	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
810	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1511	$self->_drain_wbuf;
811	}	1512	}
812		1513
813	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1514	$self->{_on_starttls}
814	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1515	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
815	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1516	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
816	}
817
818	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
819
820	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
821	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
822	$self->error;
823	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
824	$! = &Errno::EIO;
825	$self->error;
826	}
827
828	# all others are fine for our purposes
829	}
830	}	1517	}
831		1518
832	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1519	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
833		1520
834	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1521	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
836	C<starttls>.	1523	C<starttls>.
837		1524
838	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1525	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
839	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1526	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
840		1527
841	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1528	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
842	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1529	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1530	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1531	construct a new context.
843		1532
844	=cut	1533	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
		1534	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
		1535	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1536	when this function returns.
845		1537
846	# TODO: maybe document...	1538	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1539	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1540
		1541	=cut
		1542
		1543	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1544
847	sub starttls {	1545	sub starttls {
848	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1546	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
849		1547
850	$self->stoptls;	1548	require Net::SSLeay;
851		1549
852	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1550	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
853	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1551	if $self->{tls};
854	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1552
855	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1553	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
856	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1554	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
857	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1555
		1556	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1557
		1558	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1559	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1560
		1561	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1562
		1563	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1564	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1565	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1566	} else {
		1567	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1568	}
		1569	}
858	}	1570
859		1571	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
860	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1572	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
861		1573
862	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1574	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
863	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1575	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
864	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1576	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
865	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1577	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
866	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1578	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1579	#
		1580	# in short: this is a mess.
		1581	#
		1582	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1583	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1584	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1585	# have identity issues in that area.
867	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1586	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
868	(eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1587	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
869	| (eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1588	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1589	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
870		1590
871	$self->{tls_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1591	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
872	$self->{tls_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1592	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
873		1593
874	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{tls_rbio}, $self->{tls_wbio});	1594	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
875		1595
876	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1596	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
877	$_[0]{tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1597	if $self->{on_starttls};
878	&_dotls;	1598
879	};	1599	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
880	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1600	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
881	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{tls_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
882	&_dotls;
883	};
884	}	1601	}
885		1602
886	=item $handle->stoptls	1603	=item $handle->stoptls
887		1604
888	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1605	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
889	lost.	1606	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1607	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1608	afterwards.
890		1609
891	=cut	1610	=cut
892		1611
893	sub stoptls {	1612	sub stoptls {
894	my ($self) = @_;	1613	my ($self) = @_;
895		1614
896	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1615	if ($self->{tls}) {
897	delete $self->{tls_rbio};	1616	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
898	delete $self->{tls_wbio};	1617
899	delete $self->{tls_wbuf};	1618	&_dotls;
900	delete $self->{filter_r};	1619
901	delete $self->{filter_w};	1620	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
		1621	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
		1622	# &_freetls;#d#
		1623	}
		1624	}
		1625
		1626	sub _freetls {
		1627	my ($self) = @_;
		1628
		1629	return unless $self->{tls};
		1630
		1631	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1632
		1633	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
902	}	1634	}
903		1635
904	sub DESTROY {	1636	sub DESTROY {
905	my $self = shift;	1637	my ($self) = @_;
906		1638
907	$self->stoptls;	1639	&_freetls;
		1640
		1641	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1642
		1643	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		1644	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1645	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1646
		1647	my @linger;
		1648
		1649	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1650	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1651
		1652	if ($len > 0) {
		1653	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1654	} else {
		1655	@linger = (); # end
		1656	}
		1657	});
		1658	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1659	@linger = ();
		1660	});
		1661	}
		1662	}
		1663
		1664	=item $handle->destroy
		1665
		1666	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1667	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1668	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1669
		1670	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1671	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1672	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1673	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1674	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1675	that case.
		1676
		1677	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1678	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1679	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1680	reference cycles.
		1681
		1682	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1683	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1684
		1685	=cut
		1686
		1687	sub destroy {
		1688	my ($self) = @_;
		1689
		1690	$self->DESTROY;
		1691	%$self = ();
908	}	1692	}
909		1693
910	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1694	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
911		1695
912	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1696	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
913	default for TLS mode.	1697	for TLS mode.
914		1698
915	The context is created like this:	1699	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
916
917	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
918	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
919	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
920
921	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
922
923	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
924		1700
925	=cut	1701	=cut
926		1702
927	our $TLS_CTX;	1703	our $TLS_CTX;
928		1704
929	sub TLS_CTX() {	1705	sub TLS_CTX() {
930	$TLS_CTX || do {	1706	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
931	require Net::SSLeay;	1707	require AnyEvent::TLS;
932		1708
933	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1709	new AnyEvent::TLS
934	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
935	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
936
937	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
938
939	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
940
941	$TLS_CTX
942	}	1710	}
943	}	1711	}
944		1712
945	=back	1713	=back
946		1714
		1715
		1716	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1717
		1718	=over 4
		1719
		1720	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1721	still get further invocations!
		1722
		1723	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1724	read or write callbacks.
		1725
		1726	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1727	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1728	->destroy >> method.
		1729
		1730	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1731	reading?
		1732
		1733	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1734	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1735	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1736	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1737
		1738	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1739	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1740	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1741
		1742	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1743	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1744	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1745	C<destroy> method.
		1746
		1747	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1748
		1749	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1750	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1751	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1752	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1753
		1754	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1755	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1756	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1757	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1758	});
		1759
		1760	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1761	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1762	fact, all data has been received.
		1763
		1764	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1765	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1766	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1767	explicit QUIT command.
		1768
		1769	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1770	all data has been written?
		1771
		1772	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1773	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1774	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1775	written to the socket:
		1776
		1777	$handle->push_write (...);
		1778	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1779	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1780	undef $handle;
		1781	});
		1782
		1783	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1784	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1785
		1786	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1787
		1788	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1789	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1790	parameter:
		1791
		1792	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1793	my ($fh) = @_;
		1794
		1795	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1796	fh => $fh,
		1797	tls => "connect",
		1798	on_error => sub { ... };
		1799
		1800	$handle->push_write (...);
		1801	};
		1802
		1803	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1804
		1805	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1806	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1807	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1808
		1809	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1810
		1811	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1812	my ($fh) = @_;
		1813
		1814	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1815	fh => $fh,
		1816	peername => $host,
		1817	tls => "connect",
		1818	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1819	...
		1820
		1821	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1822	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1823	peername verification will be done.
		1824
		1825	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1826	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1827	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1828
		1829	tls_ctx => {
		1830	verify => 1,
		1831	verify_peername => "https",
		1832	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1833	},
		1834
		1835	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1836
		1837	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1838	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1839	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1840	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1841	nice program for that purpose).
		1842
		1843	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1844	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1845	file should then look like this:
		1846
		1847	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1848	...header data
		1849	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1850	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1851
		1852	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1853	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1854	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1855
		1856	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1857	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1858
		1859	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1860	my ($fh) = @_;
		1861
		1862	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1863	fh => $fh,
		1864	tls => "accept",
		1865	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1866	...
		1867
		1868	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1869	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1870
		1871	=back
		1872
		1873
		1874	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
		1875
		1876	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
		1877
		1878	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
		1879	conventions:
		1880
		1881	=over 4
		1882
		1883	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
		1884
		1885	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
		1886	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
		1887	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
		1888
		1889	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
		1890
		1891	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
		1892	with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
		1893	for use for subclasses.
		1894
		1895	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
		1896	are free to use in subclasses.
		1897
		1898	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
		1899	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.
		1900
		1901	=back
		1902
947	=head1 AUTHOR	1903	=head1 AUTHOR
948		1904
949	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	1905	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
950		1906
951	=cut	1907	=cut

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