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Revision 1.233 by root, Thu Apr 5 06:14:10 2012 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = '0.04';
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
57		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
61	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
62		83
63	=over 4	84	=over 4
64		85
65	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		87
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		89
69	=over 4	90	=over 4
70		91
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		93
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		97	that mode.
77		98
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
79		100
80	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
81		104
82	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
83	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
84	waiting for data.
85		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
86	=item on_error => $cb->($handle)	116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
87		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	It is not allowed to use the read or write queues while the handle object
		138	is connecting.
		139
		140	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		141	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		142	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		143	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		144	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		145	handshake fails.
		146
		147	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		148
		149	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		150
		151	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		152	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		153	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		156	fatal error instead.
		157
		158	=back
		159
		160	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		161
88	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	162	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	163	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90	or a read error.	164	connect, or a read error.
91		165
92	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	166	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93	called.	167	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		168	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		169	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		170	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		171	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		172	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
94		173
		174	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		175	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		176
		177	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		178	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		179	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		180
		181	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		182	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		183	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		184
		185	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		186	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		187	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		188	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		189
95	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	190	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
96	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	191	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
97		192	C<EPROTO>).
98	The callback should throw an exception. If it returns, then
99	AnyEvent::Handle will C<croak> for you.
100		193
101	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	194	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
102	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	195	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
103	die.	196	C<croak>.
104		197
105	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	198	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
106		199
107	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	200	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
108	and no read request is in the queue.	201	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		202	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		203	read buffer).
109		204
110	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	205	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
111	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	206	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		207	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		208	the beginning from it.
112		209
		210	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		211	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		212
113	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	213	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
114	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	214	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
115	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	215	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
116	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	216	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
117		217
		218	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		219	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		220	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		221	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		222
		223	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		224
		225	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		226	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		227	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		228	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		229	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		230
		231	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		232	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		233	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		234	down.
		235
		236	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		237	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		238
118	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	239	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
119		240
120	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	241	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
121	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	242	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
122		243
123	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	244	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
124		245
		246	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		247	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		248	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		249	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		250	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		251
125	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	252	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
126		253
		254	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		255
		256	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		257
127	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	258	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
128	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	259	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
129	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	260	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
130	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	261	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		262	error will be raised).
131		263
		264	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		265	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		266	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		267	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		268	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		269	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		270
132	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	271	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
133	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	272	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
134	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	273	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
135	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	274	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
		275	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
136		276
137	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	277	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
138		278
139	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	279	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		280
		281	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		282
		283	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
140		284
141	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this	285	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
142	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,	286	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
143	so this condition is not fatal in any way.	287	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
144		288
145	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	289	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
146		290
147	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	291	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
148	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	292	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
149	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	293	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
150		294
151	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	295	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
152	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	296	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
153	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	297	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
154	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	298	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
155	isn't finished).	299	isn't finished).
156		300
		301	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		302
		303	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		304	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		305	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		306
		307	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		308	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		309	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		310	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		311
		312	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		313	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		314	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		315
		316	=item autocork => <boolean>
		317
		318	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
		319	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
		320	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		321	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		322	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		323	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		324
		325	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		326	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		327	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		328	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		329
		330	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		331
		332	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		333	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		334	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		335
		336	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		337	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		338
		339	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
		340	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		341
		342	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		343
		344	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		345	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		346	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		347	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		348	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		349	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		350	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		351	to 15 minutes later.
		352
		353	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		354	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		355	is usually a good idea.
		356
		357	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		358
		359	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		360	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		361	implements it slightly differently.
		362
		363	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		364	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		365	putting it into the stream.
		366
		367	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		368	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		369	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		370	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		371	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		372	from most attacks.
		373
157	=item read_size => <bytes>	374	=item read_size => <bytes>
158		375
159	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	376	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
160	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	377	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
		378	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		379	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		380	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		381
		382	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		383
		384	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		385	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		386	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		387	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
161		388
162	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	389	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
163		390
164	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	391	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
165	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	392	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
166	considered empty.	393	considered empty.
167		394
		395	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		396	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		397	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		398	is good in almost all cases.
		399
		400	=item linger => <seconds>
		401
		402	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
		403	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		404	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		405	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		406	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		407
		408	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		409	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		410	help.
		411
		412	=item peername => $string
		413
		414	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		415	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		416
		417	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		418	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		419	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		420	C<undef>.
		421
168	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	422	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
169		423
170	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	424	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
171	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	425	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
172	data.	426	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		427
		428	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		429	appropriate error message.
173		430
174	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	431	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
175	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	432	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		433	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		434	to add the dependency yourself.
176		435
177	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	436	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
178	connection, use C<connect> mode.	437	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		438	mode.
179		439
180	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	440	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
181	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	441	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
182	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	442	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
183	AnyEvent::Handle.	443	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		444	object.
184		445
		446	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		447	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		448	away.
		449
		450	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		451	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		452	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		453	segmentation fault.
		454
185	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	455	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
186		456
187	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	457	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
188		458
189	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	459	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
190	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	460	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
191	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	461	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		462	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		463
		464	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		465	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		466	new TLS context object.
		467
		468	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		469
		470	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		471	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		472	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		473
		474	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		475	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		476
		477	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		478	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		479
		480	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		481	called as usual.
		482
		483	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		484	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		485	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		486
		487	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		488
		489	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		490	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		491	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		492	on the handle.
		493
		494	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		495	callback.
		496
		497	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		498	underlying handle signals EOF.
192		499
193	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	500	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
194		501
195	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	502	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
196		503
197	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	504	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
198	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	505	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		506	texts.
199		507
200	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	508	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
201	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	509	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
202		510
203	=item filter_r => $cb
204
205	=item filter_w => $cb
206
207	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
208
209	=back	511	=back
210		512
211	=cut	513	=cut
212		514
213	sub new {	515	sub new {
214	my $class = shift;	516	my $class = shift;
215
216	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	517	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
217		518
218	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	519	if ($self->{fh}) {
		520	$self->_start;
		521	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		522
		523	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		524	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		525
		526	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		527	unless exists $self->{peername};
		528
		529	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		530
		531	{
		532	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		533
		534	$self->{_connect} =
		535	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		536	$self->{connect}[0],
		537	$self->{connect}[1],
		538	sub {
		539	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		540
		541	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		542
		543	if ($fh) {
		544	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		545
		546	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		547	$self->_start;
		548
		549	$self->{on_connect}
		550	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		551	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		552	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		553	&$retry;
		554	});
		555
		556	} else {
		557	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		558	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		559	$self->destroy if $self;
		560	} else {
		561	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		562	}
		563	}
		564	},
		565	sub {
		566	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		567
		568	$self->{on_prepare}
		569	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		570	: ()
		571	}
		572	);
		573	}
		574
		575	} else {
		576	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		577	}
		578
		579	$self
		580	}
		581
		582	sub _start {
		583	my ($self) = @_;
		584
		585	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		586	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		587	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		588	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		589	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
219		590
220	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	591	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
221		592
222	if ($self->{tls}) {	593	$self->{_activity} =
223	require Net::SSLeay;	594	$self->{_ractivity} =
		595	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		596
		597	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		598	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		599	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		600
		601	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		602	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		603	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		604
		605	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		606	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		607
		608	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		609
224	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	610	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
225	}	611	if $self->{tls};
226		612
227	# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
228	# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
229	# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
230	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	613	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
231		614
232	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
233	$self->_timeout;
234
235	$self->start_read;	615	$self->start_read
		616	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
236		617
237	$self	618	$self->_drain_wbuf;
238	}	619	}
239		620
240	sub _shutdown {
241	my ($self) = @_;
242
243	delete $self->{_rw};
244	delete $self->{_ww};
245	delete $self->{fh};
246	}
247
248	sub error {	621	sub _error {
249	my ($self) = @_;	622	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
250		623
251	{	624	$! = $errno;
252	local $!;	625	$message ||= "$!";
253	$self->_shutdown;
254	}
255		626
256	$self->{on_error}($self)
257	if $self->{on_error};	627	if ($self->{on_error}) {
258		628	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
		629	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		630	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		631	$self->destroy;
259	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	632	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
		633	}
260	}	634	}
261		635
262	=item $fh = $handle->fh	636	=item $fh = $handle->fh
263		637
264	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	638	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
265		639
266	=cut	640	=cut
267		641
268	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	642	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
269		643
…		…
287	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	661	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
288	}	662	}
289		663
290	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	664	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
291		665
292	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	666	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
293	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
294	argument.
295		667
296	=cut	668	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
297		669
		670	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		671	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		672	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		673
		674	=cut
		675
		676	# see below
		677
		678	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		679
		680	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		681	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		682
		683	=cut
		684
		685	sub autocork {
		686	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		687	}
		688
		689	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		690
		691	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		692	the same name for details).
		693
		694	=cut
		695
		696	sub no_delay {
		697	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		698
		699	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		700	if $_[0]{fh};
		701	}
		702
		703	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		704
		705	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		706	the same name for details).
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub keepalive {
		711	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		712
		713	eval {
		714	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		715	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		716	if $_[0]{fh};
		717	};
		718	}
		719
		720	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		721
		722	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		723	the same name for details).
		724
		725	=cut
		726
		727	sub oobinline {
		728	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		729
		730	eval {
		731	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		732	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		733	if $_[0]{fh};
		734	};
		735	}
		736
		737	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		738
		739	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		740	the same name for details).
		741
		742	=cut
		743
		744	sub keepalive {
		745	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		746
		747	eval {
		748	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		749	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		750	if $_[0]{fh};
		751	};
		752	}
		753
		754	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		755
		756	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		757
		758	=cut
		759
		760	sub on_starttls {
		761	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		762	}
		763
		764	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		765
		766	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		767
		768	=cut
		769
298	sub on_timeout {	770	sub on_stoptls {
299	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	771	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		772	}
		773
		774	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		775
		776	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		777
		778	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		779
		780	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		781
		782	=cut
		783
		784	sub rbuf_max {
		785	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		786	}
		787
		788	sub wbuf_max {
		789	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
300	}	790	}
301		791
302	#############################################################################	792	#############################################################################
303		793
304	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	794	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
305		795
		796	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		797
		798	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		799
306	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	800	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
307		801
308	=cut	802	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		803	handle before it returns.
309		804
310	sub timeout {	805	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		806
		807	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		808
		809	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		810
		811	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		812
		813	These methods are cheap to call.
		814
		815	=cut
		816
		817	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		818	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		819	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		820	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		821	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		822	my $cb;
		823
		824	*$on_timeout = sub {
		825	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		826	};
		827
		828	*$timeout = sub {
311	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	829	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
312		830
		831	$new_value >= 0
		832	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		833
313	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	834	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
314	$self->_timeout;	835	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
315	}	836	};
316		837
		838	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		839	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		840	};
		841
		842	# main workhorse:
317	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	843	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
318	# also check for time-outs	844	# also check for time-outs
319	sub _timeout {	845	$cb = sub {
320	my ($self) = @_;	846	my ($self) = @_;
321		847
322	if ($self->{timeout}) {	848	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
323	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	849	my $NOW = AE::now;
324		850
325	# when would the timeout trigger?	851	# when would the timeout trigger?
326	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	852	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
327		853
328	# now or in the past already?	854	# now or in the past already?
329	if ($after <= 0) {	855	if ($after <= 0) {
330	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	856	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
331		857
332	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	858	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
333	$self->{on_timeout}->($self);	859	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
334	} else {	860	} else {
335	$! = Errno::ETIMEDOUT;	861	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
336	$self->error;	862	}
		863
		864	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		865	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		866
		867	# calculate new after
		868	$after = $self->{$timeout};
337	}	869	}
338		870
339	# callbakx could have changed timeout value, optimise	871	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
340	return unless $self->{timeout};	872	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
341		873
342	# calculate new after	874	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
343	$after = $self->{timeout};	875	delete $self->{$tw};
		876	$cb->($self);
		877	};
		878	} else {
		879	delete $self->{$tw};
344	}	880	}
345
346	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
347
348	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
349	delete $self->{_tw};
350	$self->_timeout;
351	});
352	} else {
353	delete $self->{_tw};
354	}	881	}
355	}	882	}
356		883
357	#############################################################################	884	#############################################################################
358		885
…		…
365		892
366	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	893	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
367	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	894	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
368		895
369	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	896	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
370	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	897	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
371		898
372	=over 4	899	=over 4
373		900
374	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	901	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
375		902
376	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	903	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
377	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	904	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
378		905
		906	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		907	destroyed after it returns).
		908
379	=cut	909	=cut
380		910
381	sub on_drain {	911	sub on_drain {
382	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	912	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
383		913
384	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	914	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
385		915
386	$cb->($self)	916	$cb->($self)
387	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	917	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
388	}	918	}
389		919
390	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	920	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
391		921
392	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	922	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
393	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	923	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
394	buffers it independently of the kernel.	924	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		925
		926	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		927	destroyed after it returns).
395		928
396	=cut	929	=cut
397		930
398	sub _drain_wbuf {	931	sub _drain_wbuf {
399	my ($self) = @_;	932	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
403	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	936	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
404		937
405	my $cb = sub {	938	my $cb = sub {
406	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	939	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
407		940
408	if ($len >= 0) {	941	if (defined $len) {
409	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	942	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
410		943
411	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	944	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
412		945
413	$self->{on_drain}($self)	946	$self->{on_drain}($self)
414	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	947	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
415	&& $self->{on_drain};	948	&& $self->{on_drain};
416		949
417	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	950	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
418	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	951	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
419	$self->error;	952	$self->_error ($!, 1);
420	}	953	}
421	};	954	};
422		955
423	# try to write data immediately	956	# try to write data immediately
424	$cb->();	957	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
425		958
426	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	959	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
427	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	960	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
428	if length $self->{wbuf};	961	if length $self->{wbuf};
		962
		963	if (
		964	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		965	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		966	) {
		967	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		968	}
429	};	969	};
430	}	970	}
431		971
432	our %WH;	972	our %WH;
433		973
		974	# deprecated
434	sub register_write_type($$) {	975	sub register_write_type($$) {
435	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	976	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
436	}	977	}
437		978
438	sub push_write {	979	sub push_write {
439	my $self = shift;	980	my $self = shift;
440		981
441	if (@_ > 1) {	982	if (@_ > 1) {
442	my $type = shift;	983	my $type = shift;
443		984
		985	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
444	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	986	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
445	->($self, @_);	987	->($self, @_);
446	}	988	}
447		989
		990	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		991	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		992
448	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	993	if ($self->{tls}) {
449	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	994	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		995	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
450	} else {	996	} else {
451	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	997	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
452	$self->_drain_wbuf;	998	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
453	}	999	}
454	}	1000	}
455		1001
456	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1002	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
457		1003
458	=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
459
460	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1004	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
461	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1005	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1006	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1007	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1008	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
462		1009
463	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1010	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
464	drop by and tell us):	1011	drop by and tell us):
465		1012
466	=over 4	1013	=over 4
…		…
468	=item netstring => $string	1015	=item netstring => $string
469		1016
470	Formats the given value as netstring	1017	Formats the given value as netstring
471	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).	1018	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
472		1019
473	=back
474
475	=cut	1020	=cut
476		1021
477	register_write_type netstring => sub {	1022	register_write_type netstring => sub {
478	my ($self, $string) = @_;	1023	my ($self, $string) = @_;
479		1024
480	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	1025	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		1026	};
		1027
		1028	=item packstring => $format, $data
		1029
		1030	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1031	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1032	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1033	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1034
		1035	=cut
		1036
		1037	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		1038	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		1039
		1040	pack "$format/a*", $string
481	};	1041	};
482		1042
483	=item json => $array_or_hashref	1043	=item json => $array_or_hashref
484		1044
485	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1045	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
510	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1070	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
511	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1071	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
512		1072
513	=cut	1073	=cut
514		1074
		1075	sub json_coder() {
		1076	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1077	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1078	}
		1079
515	register_write_type json => sub {	1080	register_write_type json => sub {
516	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1081	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
517		1082
518	require JSON;	1083	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
519		1084
520	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1085	$json->encode ($ref)
521	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
522	};	1086	};
523		1087
524	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1088	=item storable => $reference
525		1089
526	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1090	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1091	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1092
		1093	=cut
		1094
		1095	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1096	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1097
		1098	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1099
		1100	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1101	};
		1102
		1103	=back
		1104
		1105	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		1106
		1107	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1108	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1109	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1110	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1111	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1112
		1113	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1114
		1115	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1116	the peer.
		1117
		1118	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1119	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1120
		1121	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1122	destroyed after it returns).
		1123
		1124	=cut
		1125
		1126	sub push_shutdown {
		1127	my ($self) = @_;
		1128
		1129	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1130	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1131	}
		1132
		1133	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1134
		1135	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1136	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1137	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1138	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1139	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1140
527	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1141	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
528	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1142	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
529		1143
530	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1144	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
531	be appended to the write buffer.	1145	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1146	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
532		1147
533	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1148	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
534	global, so try to use unique names.	1149	arguments using the first one.
		1150
		1151	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1152
		1153	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1154	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1155	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1156
		1157	package My::Type;
		1158
		1159	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1160	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1161
		1162	join $delim, @args
		1163	}
535		1164
536	=cut	1165	=cut
537		1166
538	#############################################################################	1167	#############################################################################
539		1168
…		…
548	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1177	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
549	a queue.	1178	a queue.
550		1179
551	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1180	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
552	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1181	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
553	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1182	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
554	or not.	1183	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1184	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1185	e.g. C<push_read>.
555		1186
556	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1187	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
557	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1188	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
558	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	1189	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
559	below).	1190	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
560		1191
561	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1192	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
562	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1193	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
563		1194
564	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	1195	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
565	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	1196	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
566		1197
567	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	1198	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
568	$handle->on_read (sub {	1199	$handle->on_read (sub {
569	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	1200	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
570	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	1201	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
571	# header arrived, decode	1202	# header arrived, decode
572	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	1203	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
573		1204
574	# now read the payload	1205	# now read the payload
575	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	1206	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
576	my $xml = $_[1];	1207	my $xml = $_[1];
577	# handle xml	1208	# handle xml
578	});	1209	});
579	});	1210	});
580	});	1211	});
581		1212
582	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1213	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
583	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1214	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
584	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1215	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
585	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1216	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
586	the callbacks:	1217	in the callbacks.
587		1218
588	# request one	1219	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1220	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1221	64-byte chunk callback.
		1222
		1223	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
589	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1224	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
590		1225
591	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1226	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
592	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	1227	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
593	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1228	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
594	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	1229	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
595	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	1230	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
596	# we don't do this in case we got an error	1231	# we don't do this in case we got an error
597	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	1232	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
598	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	1233	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
599	my $response = $_[1];	1234	my $response = $_[1];
600	...	1235	...
601	});	1236	});
602	}	1237	}
603	});	1238	});
604		1239
605	# request two	1240	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
606	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1241	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
607		1242
608	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1243	# simply read 64 bytes, always
609	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	1244	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
610	my $response = $_[1];	1245	my $response = $_[1];
611	...	1246	...
612	});	1247	});
613		1248
614	=over 4	1249	=over 4
615		1250
616	=cut	1251	=cut
617		1252
618	sub _drain_rbuf {	1253	sub _drain_rbuf {
619	my ($self) = @_;	1254	my ($self) = @_;
		1255
		1256	# avoid recursion
		1257	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1258	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1259
		1260	while () {
		1261	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1262	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1263	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1264	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1265
		1266	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1267
		1268	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1269	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1270	# no progress can be made
		1271	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1272	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1273	if $self->{_eof};
		1274
		1275	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1276	last;
		1277	}
		1278	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1279	last unless $len;
		1280
		1281	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1282
		1283	if (
		1284	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1285	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1286	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1287	) {
		1288	# no further data will arrive
		1289	# so no progress can be made
		1290	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1291	if $self->{_eof};
		1292
		1293	last; # more data might arrive
		1294	}
		1295	} else {
		1296	# read side becomes idle
		1297	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1298	last;
		1299	}
		1300	}
		1301
		1302	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1303	$self->{on_eof}
		1304	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1305	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1306
		1307	return;
		1308	}
620		1309
621	if (	1310	if (
622	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1311	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
623	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1312	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
624	) {	1313	) {
625	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC;	1314	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
626	$self->error;
627	}	1315	}
628		1316
629	return if $self->{in_drain};	1317	# may need to restart read watcher
630	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1318	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
631		1319	$self->start_read
632	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1320	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
633	no strict 'refs';
634	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
635	unless ($cb->($self)) {
636	if ($self->{_eof}) {
637	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
638	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
639	$self->error;
640	}
641
642	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
643	return;
644	}
645	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
646	$self->{on_read}($self);
647
648	if (
649	$self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
650	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
651	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
652	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
653	) {
654	# then no progress can be made
655	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
656	$self->error;
657	}
658	} else {
659	# read side becomes idle
660	delete $self->{_rw};
661	return;
662	}
663	}
664
665	if ($self->{_eof}) {
666	$self->_shutdown;
667	$self->{on_eof}($self)
668	if $self->{on_eof};
669	}	1321	}
670	}	1322	}
671		1323
672	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1324	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
673		1325
674	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1326	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
675	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1327	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
676	constructor.	1328	constructor.
677		1329
		1330	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1331	destroyed after it returns).
		1332
678	=cut	1333	=cut
679		1334
680	sub on_read {	1335	sub on_read {
681	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1336	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
682		1337
683	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1338	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1339	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
684	}	1340	}
685		1341
686	=item $handle->rbuf	1342	=item $handle->rbuf
687		1343
688	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1344	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1345	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1346	much faster, and no less clean).
689		1347
690	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1348	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
691	you want.	1349	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1350	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
692		1351
693	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1352	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
694	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1353	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
695	automatically manage the read buffer.	1354	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1355	will manage the read buffer on their own.
696		1356
697	=cut	1357	=cut
698		1358
699	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1359	sub rbuf : lvalue {
700	$_[0]{rbuf}	1360	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
717		1377
718	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1378	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
719	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1379	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
720	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1380	true, it will be removed from the queue.
721		1381
		1382	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1383	destroyed after it returns).
		1384
722	=cut	1385	=cut
723		1386
724	our %RH;	1387	our %RH;
725		1388
726	sub register_read_type($$) {	1389	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
732	my $cb = pop;	1395	my $cb = pop;
733		1396
734	if (@_) {	1397	if (@_) {
735	my $type = shift;	1398	my $type = shift;
736		1399
		1400	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
737	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1401	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
738	->($self, $cb, @_);	1402	->($self, $cb, @_);
739	}	1403	}
740		1404
741	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1405	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
742	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1406	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
747	my $cb = pop;	1411	my $cb = pop;
748		1412
749	if (@_) {	1413	if (@_) {
750	my $type = shift;	1414	my $type = shift;
751		1415
		1416	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
752	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1417	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
753	->($self, $cb, @_);	1418	->($self, $cb, @_);
754	}	1419	}
755
756		1420
757	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1421	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
758	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1422	$self->_drain_rbuf;
759	}	1423	}
760		1424
…		…
762		1426
763	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1427	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
764		1428
765	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1429	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
766	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1430	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
767	etc.	1431	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1432	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1433	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
768		1434
769	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1435	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
770	drop by and tell us):	1436	drop by and tell us):
771		1437
772	=over 4	1438	=over 4
…		…
778	data.	1444	data.
779		1445
780	Example: read 2 bytes.	1446	Example: read 2 bytes.
781		1447
782	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1448	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
783	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1449	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
784	});	1450	});
785		1451
786	=cut	1452	=cut
787		1453
788	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1454	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
793	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1459	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
794	1	1460	1
795	}	1461	}
796	};	1462	};
797		1463
798	# compatibility with older API
799	sub push_read_chunk {
800	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
801	}
802
803	sub unshift_read_chunk {
804	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
805	}
806
807	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1464	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
808		1465
809	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1466	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
810	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1467	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
811	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1468	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
826	=cut	1483	=cut
827		1484
828	register_read_type line => sub {	1485	register_read_type line => sub {
829	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1486	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
830		1487
831	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1488	if (@_ < 3) {
832	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1489	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
833	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
834
835	sub {	1490	sub {
836	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1491	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
837		1492
838	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1493	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
839	1
840	}
841	};
842
843	# compatibility with older API
844	sub push_read_line {
845	my $self = shift;
846	$self->push_read (line => @_);
847	}
848
849	sub unshift_read_line {
850	my $self = shift;
851	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
852	}
853
854	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
855
856	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
857
858	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
859
860	=cut
861
862	register_read_type netstring => sub {
863	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
864
865	sub {
866	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
867	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
868	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
869	$self->error;
870	}	1494	1
871	return;
872	}	1495	}
		1496	} else {
		1497	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1498	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
873		1499
874	my $len = $1;	1500	sub {
		1501	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
875		1502
876	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1503	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
877	my $string = $_[1];
878	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
879	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
880	$cb->($_[0], $string);
881	} else {
882	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
883	$self->error;
884	}
885	});	1504	1
886	});	1505	}
887
888	1
889	}	1506	}
890	};	1507	};
891		1508
892	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1509	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
893		1510
…		…
913	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1530	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
914	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1531	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
915	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1532	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
916	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1533	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
917	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1534	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
918	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1535	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
919		1536
920	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1537	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
921	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1538	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
922	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1539	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
923	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1540	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
924	required for the accept regex.	1541	required for the accept regex.
925		1542
926	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1543	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
939		1556
940	sub {	1557	sub {
941	# accept	1558	# accept
942	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1559	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
943	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1560	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
944	$cb->($self, $data);	1561	$cb->($_[0], $data);
945	return 1;	1562	return 1;
946	}	1563	}
947		1564
948	# reject	1565	# reject
949	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1566	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
950	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;	1567	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
951	$self->error;
952	}	1568	}
953		1569
954	# skip	1570	# skip
955	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1571	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
956	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1572	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
958		1574
959	()	1575	()
960	}	1576	}
961	};	1577	};
962		1578
		1579	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1580
		1581	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1582
		1583	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1584
		1585	=cut
		1586
		1587	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1588	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1589
		1590	sub {
		1591	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1592	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1593	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1594	}
		1595	return;
		1596	}
		1597
		1598	my $len = $1;
		1599
		1600	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1601	my $string = $_[1];
		1602	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1603	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1604	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1605	} else {
		1606	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1607	}
		1608	});
		1609	});
		1610
		1611	1
		1612	}
		1613	};
		1614
		1615	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1616
		1617	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1618	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1619	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1620	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1621
		1622	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1623	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1624
		1625	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1626	format (very efficient).
		1627
		1628	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1629	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1630	});
		1631
		1632	=cut
		1633
		1634	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1635	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1636
		1637	sub {
		1638	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1639	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1640	or return;
		1641
		1642	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1643
		1644	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1645	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1646	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1647	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1648	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1649	} else {
		1650	# remove prefix
		1651	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1652
		1653	# read remaining chunk
		1654	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1655	}
		1656
		1657	1
		1658	}
		1659	};
		1660
963	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1661	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
964		1662
965	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1663	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1664	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
966		1665
967	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1666	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
968	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1667	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
969		1668
970	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1669	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
977	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1676	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
978		1677
979	=cut	1678	=cut
980		1679
981	register_read_type json => sub {	1680	register_read_type json => sub {
982	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1681	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
983		1682
984	require JSON;	1683	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
985		1684
986	my $data;	1685	my $data;
987	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1686	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
988		1687
989	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
990
991	sub {	1688	sub {
992	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1689	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
993		1690
994	if ($ref) {	1691	if ($ref) {
995	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1692	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
996	$json->incr_text = "";	1693	$json->incr_text = "";
997	$cb->($self, $ref);	1694	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
998		1695
999	1	1696	1
		1697	} elsif ($@) {
		1698	# error case
		1699	$json->incr_skip;
		1700
		1701	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1702	$json->incr_text = "";
		1703
		1704	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1705
		1706	()
1000	} else {	1707	} else {
1001	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1708	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
		1709
1002	()	1710	()
1003	}	1711	}
1004	}	1712	}
1005	};	1713	};
1006		1714
		1715	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1716
		1717	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1718	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1719	data).
		1720
		1721	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1722
		1723	=cut
		1724
		1725	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1726	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1727
		1728	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1729
		1730	sub {
		1731	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1732	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1733	or return;
		1734
		1735	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1736
		1737	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1738	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1739	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1740	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1741
		1742	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1743	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1744	} else {
		1745	# remove prefix
		1746	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1747
		1748	# read remaining chunk
		1749	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1750	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
		1751	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1752	});
		1753	}
		1754
		1755	1
		1756	}
		1757	};
		1758
1007	=back	1759	=back
1008		1760
1009	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1761	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1010		1762
1011	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1763	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1764	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1765	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1766	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1767	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1012		1768
1013	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1769	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1014	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1770	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1015	arguments.
1016		1771
1017	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1772	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1018	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1773	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1774	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1775	converter.
1019		1776
1020	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1777	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1021	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1778	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1779	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1022		1780
1023	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1024	global, so try to use unique names.
1025
1026	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1781	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1027	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1782	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1028		1783
1029	=item $handle->stop_read	1784	=item $handle->stop_read
1030		1785
1031	=item $handle->start_read	1786	=item $handle->start_read
1032		1787
1033	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1788	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1034	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1789	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1035	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1790	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1036	C<start_read>.	1791	C<start_read>.
1037		1792
		1793	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1794	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1795	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1796	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1797
		1798	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
		1799	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1800	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1801	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1802	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1803	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1804	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1805	during a rehandshake.
		1806
		1807	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		1808	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
		1809
1038	=cut	1810	=cut
1039		1811
1040	sub stop_read {	1812	sub stop_read {
1041	my ($self) = @_;	1813	my ($self) = @_;
1042		1814
…		…
1044	}	1816	}
1045		1817
1046	sub start_read {	1818	sub start_read {
1047	my ($self) = @_;	1819	my ($self) = @_;
1048		1820
1049	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1821	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1050	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1822	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1051		1823
1052	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1824	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1053	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1825	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1054	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1826	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1055		1827
1056	if ($len > 0) {	1828	if ($len > 0) {
1057	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1829	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1058		1830
1059	$self->{filter_r}	1831	if ($self->{tls}) {
1060	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1832	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1833
		1834	&_dotls ($self);
		1835	} else {
1061	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1836	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1837	}
		1838
		1839	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1840	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1841	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1842	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		1843	}
1062		1844
1063	} elsif (defined $len) {	1845	} elsif (defined $len) {
1064	delete $self->{_rw};	1846	delete $self->{_rw};
1065	delete $self->{_ww};
1066	delete $self->{_tw};
1067	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1847	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1068	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1848	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1069		1849
1070	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1850	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1071	return $self->error;	1851	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1072	}	1852	}
1073	});	1853	};
1074	}	1854	}
1075	}	1855	}
1076		1856
		1857	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1858	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1859
		1860	sub _tls_error {
		1861	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1862
		1863	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1864	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1865
		1866	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1867
		1868	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1869	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1870
		1871	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1872	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1873	&_freetls;
		1874	} else {
		1875	&_freetls;
		1876	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1877	}
		1878	}
		1879
		1880	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1881	# also decode read data if possible
		1882	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1883	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1884	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1077	sub _dotls {	1885	sub _dotls {
1078	my ($self) = @_;	1886	my ($self) = @_;
1079		1887
		1888	my $tmp;
		1889
1080	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1890	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1081	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1891	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1082	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1892	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1083	}	1893	}
1084	}
1085		1894
		1895	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1896	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1897	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1898	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1899	}
		1900
		1901	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1902	unless (length $tmp) {
		1903	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1904	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1905	&_freetls;
		1906
		1907	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1908	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1909	return;
		1910	} else {
		1911	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1912	delete $self->{_rw};
		1913	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1914	}
		1915	}
		1916
		1917	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1918	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1919	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1920	}
		1921
		1922	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1923	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1924	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1925	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1926
1086	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1927	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1087	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1928	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1088	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1929	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1930	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1089	}	1931	}
1090		1932
1091	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1933	$self->{_on_starttls}
1092	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1934	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1093	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1935	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1094	}
1095
1096	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1097
1098	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1099	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1100	$self->error;
1101	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1102	$! = &Errno::EIO;
1103	$self->error;
1104	}
1105
1106	# all others are fine for our purposes
1107	}
1108	}	1936	}
1109		1937
1110	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1938	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1111		1939
1112	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1940	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1113	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1941	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1114	C<starttls>.	1942	C<starttls>.
1115		1943
		1944	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1945	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1946	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1947
1116	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1948	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1117	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1949	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1118		1950
1119	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1951	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1120	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1952	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1953	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1954	construct a new context.
1121		1955
1122	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1956	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1123	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1957	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1124	might have already started when this function returns.	1958	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1959	when this function returns.
1125		1960
1126	=cut	1961	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1962	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1963	stream after stopping TLS.
1127		1964
1128	# TODO: maybe document...	1965	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1966	destroyed after it returns).
		1967
		1968	=cut
		1969
		1970	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1971
1129	sub starttls {	1972	sub starttls {
1130	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1973	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1131		1974
1132	$self->stoptls;	1975	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1976	if $self->{tls};
1133		1977
1134	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1978	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1135	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1979	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1136	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1980
1137	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1981	return unless $self->{fh};
1138	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1982
1139	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1983	require Net::SSLeay;
		1984
		1985	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1986	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1987
		1988	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1989	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1990
		1991	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1992
		1993	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1994	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1995
		1996	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1997	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1998	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1999	} else {
		2000	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2001	}
		2002	}
1140	}	2003
1141		2004	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1142	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	2005	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1143		2006
1144	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2007	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1145	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2008	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1146	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2009	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1147	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2010	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1148	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	2011	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		2012	#
		2013	# in short: this is a mess.
		2014	#
		2015	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		2016	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		2017	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		2018	# have identity issues in that area.
1149	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2019	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1150	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2020	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1151	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2021	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2022	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1152		2023
1153	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2024	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1154	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2025	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1155		2026
		2027	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2028	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2029
1156	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2030	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1157		2031
1158	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	2032	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1159	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	2033	if $self->{on_starttls};
1160	&_dotls;	2034
1161	};	2035	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1162	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	2036	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1163	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1164	&_dotls;
1165	};
1166	}	2037	}
1167		2038
1168	=item $handle->stoptls	2039	=item $handle->stoptls
1169		2040
1170	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	2041	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1171	lost.	2042	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		2043	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		2044	the stream afterwards.
		2045
		2046	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2047	destroyed after it returns).
1172		2048
1173	=cut	2049	=cut
1174		2050
1175	sub stoptls {	2051	sub stoptls {
1176	my ($self) = @_;	2052	my ($self) = @_;
1177		2053
1178	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2054	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		2055	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1179		2056
1180	delete $self->{_rbio};	2057	&_dotls;
1181	delete $self->{_wbio};	2058
1182	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	2059	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1183	delete $self->{filter_r};	2060	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1184	delete $self->{filter_w};	2061	# &_freetls;#d#
		2062	}
1185	}	2063	}
		2064
		2065	sub _freetls {
		2066	my ($self) = @_;
		2067
		2068	return unless $self->{tls};
		2069
		2070	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2071	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		2072
		2073	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		2074	}
		2075
		2076	=item $handle->resettls
		2077
		2078	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2079	causing data loss.
		2080
		2081	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2082	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2083	no concern.
		2084
		2085	=cut
		2086
		2087	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1186		2088
1187	sub DESTROY {	2089	sub DESTROY {
1188	my $self = shift;	2090	my ($self) = @_;
1189		2091
1190	$self->stoptls;	2092	&_freetls;
		2093
		2094	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		2095
		2096	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		2097	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		2098	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		2099
		2100	my @linger;
		2101
		2102	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		2103	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		2104
		2105	if ($len > 0) {
		2106	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		2107	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
		2108	@linger = (); # end
		2109	}
		2110	};
		2111	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2112	@linger = ();
		2113	};
		2114	}
1191	}	2115	}
		2116
		2117	=item $handle->destroy
		2118
		2119	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2120	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2121	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2122	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2123	empty list).
		2124
		2125	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2126	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2127	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2128	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2129	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2130	that case.
		2131
		2132	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2133	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2134	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2135	reference cycles.
		2136
		2137	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2138	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2139
		2140	=cut
		2141
		2142	sub destroy {
		2143	my ($self) = @_;
		2144
		2145	$self->DESTROY;
		2146	%$self = ();
		2147	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2148	}
		2149
		2150	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2151	#nop
		2152	}
		2153
		2154	=item $handle->destroyed
		2155
		2156	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2157	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2158
		2159	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2160	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2161	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2162	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2163
		2164	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2165	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2166	$hdl->push_write (...
		2167
		2168	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2169	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2170	handle being destroyed.
		2171
		2172	=cut
		2173
		2174	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2175	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1192		2176
1193	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2177	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1194		2178
1195	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2179	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1196	default for TLS mode.	2180	for TLS mode.
1197		2181
1198	The context is created like this:	2182	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1199
1200	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1201	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1202	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1203
1204	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1205
1206	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1207		2183
1208	=cut	2184	=cut
1209		2185
1210	our $TLS_CTX;	2186	our $TLS_CTX;
1211		2187
1212	sub TLS_CTX() {	2188	sub TLS_CTX() {
1213	$TLS_CTX || do {	2189	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1214	require Net::SSLeay;	2190	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1215		2191
1216	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2192	new AnyEvent::TLS
1217	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2193	}
1218	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2194	}
1219		2195
1220	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2196	=back
1221		2197
1222	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1223		2198
1224	$TLS_CTX	2199	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2200
		2201	=over 4
		2202
		2203	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2204	still get further invocations!
		2205
		2206	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2207	read or write callbacks.
		2208
		2209	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2210	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2211	->destroy >> method.
		2212
		2213	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2214
		2215	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2216	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2217	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2218
		2219	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2220	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2221	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2222	queue.
		2223
		2224	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2225
		2226	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2227
		2228	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2229	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2230	and handles them, in a loop.
		2231
		2232	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2233	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2234	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2235	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2236	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2237
		2238	To handle this case, always make sure you have a on-empty read queue, by
		2239	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2240
		2241	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2242	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2243	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2244
		2245	... handle request
		2246
		2247	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2248	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2249	});
		2250
		2251	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2252	# now push the first @start_request
		2253	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2254
		2255	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2256	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2257	unexpectedly.
		2258
		2259	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2260	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2261	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2262	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2263	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2264	problem).
		2265
		2266	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2267	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2268	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2269
		2270	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2271	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2272	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2273	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2274	and simpler:
		2275
		2276	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2277	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2278	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2279
		2280	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2281	# simply start read the request
		2282
		2283	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2284	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2285
		2286	... handle request
		2287
		2288	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2289	# let the request queue go empty.
		2290	});
		2291	});
		2292
		2293	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2294	reading?
		2295
		2296	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2297	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2298	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2299	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2300
		2301	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2302	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2303	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2304
		2305	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2306	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2307	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2308	C<destroy> method.
		2309
		2310	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2311
		2312	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2313	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2314	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2315	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2316
		2317	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2318	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2319	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2320	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2321	});
		2322
		2323	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2324	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2325	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2326
		2327	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2328	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2329	fact all data has been received.
		2330
		2331	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2332	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2333	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2334	explicit QUIT command.
		2335
		2336	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2337	all data has been written?
		2338
		2339	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2340	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2341	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2342	written to the socket:
		2343
		2344	$handle->push_write (...);
		2345	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2346	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
		2347	undef $handle;
		2348	});
		2349
		2350	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2351	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2352
		2353	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2354
		2355	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2356	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2357	parameter:
		2358
		2359	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2360	my ($fh) = @_;
		2361
		2362	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2363	fh => $fh,
		2364	tls => "connect",
		2365	on_error => sub { ... };
		2366
		2367	$handle->push_write (...);
1225	}	2368	};
1226	}	2369
		2370	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2371
		2372	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2373	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2374	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2375
		2376	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2377
		2378	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2379	my ($fh) = @_;
		2380
		2381	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2382	fh => $fh,
		2383	peername => $host,
		2384	tls => "connect",
		2385	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2386	...
		2387
		2388	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2389	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2390	peername verification will be done.
		2391
		2392	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2393	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2394	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2395
		2396	tls_ctx => {
		2397	verify => 1,
		2398	verify_peername => "https",
		2399	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2400	},
		2401
		2402	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2403
		2404	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2405	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2406	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2407	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2408	nice program for that purpose).
		2409
		2410	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2411	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2412	file should then look like this:
		2413
		2414	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2415	...header data
		2416	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2417	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2418
		2419	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2420	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2421	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2422
		2423	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2424	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2425
		2426	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2427	my ($fh) = @_;
		2428
		2429	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2430	fh => $fh,
		2431	tls => "accept",
		2432	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2433	...
		2434
		2435	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2436	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1227		2437
1228	=back	2438	=back
1229		2439
1230	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2440	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1231		2441
…		…
1237	=over 4	2447	=over 4
1238		2448
1239	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2449	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1240		2450
1241	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2451	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1242	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2452	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1243	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2453	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1244		2454
1245	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2455	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1246		2456
1247	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2457	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
…		…
1250		2460
1251	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2461	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1252	are free to use in subclasses.	2462	are free to use in subclasses.
1253		2463
1254	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2464	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1255	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2465	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1256		2466
1257	=back	2467	=back
1258		2468
1259	=head1 AUTHOR	2469	=head1 AUTHOR
1260		2470
1261	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2471	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1262		2472
1263	=cut	2473	=cut
1264		2474
1265	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2475	1
		2476

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