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Revision 1.64 by root, Fri Jun 6 11:01:17 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.150 by root, Thu Jul 16 04:16:25 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
…		…
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = 4.15;	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	warn "got error $_[2]\n";
33	},	32	$cv->send;
34	);	33	);
35		34
36	# send some request line	35	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	36	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		37
39	# read the response line	38	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	39	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	40	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	41	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	42	$cv->send;
44	});	43	});
45		44
46	$cv->recv;	45	$cv->recv;
47		46
…		…
49		48
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		52
		53	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		54	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		55
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	56	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	57	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	58	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		59
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	60	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		62
61	=head1 METHODS	63	=head1 METHODS
62		64
63	=over 4	65	=over 4
64		66
65	=item B<new (%args)>	67	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		68
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	69	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		70
69	=over 4	71	=over 4
70		72
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	73	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		74
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	75	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		76
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	81	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		82
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	83	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	84	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	85	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		86	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		87	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
83		88
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	89	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	90	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
86	waiting for data.	91	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		92	down.
87		93
		94	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		95	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		96
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	97	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		98
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	99	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	100	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	101	connect or a read error.
93		102
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	103	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	104	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		105	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		106	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		107	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		108
		109	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		110	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		111	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		112	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		113
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	114	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	115	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	116	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		117	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		118
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	119	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	120	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		121	C<EPROTO>).
102		122
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	123	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	124	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	125	C<croak>.
106		126
…		…
110	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	130	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
111	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	131	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
112	read buffer).	132	read buffer).
113		133
114	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	134	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
115	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	135	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		136	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		137	the beginning from it.
116		138
117	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	139	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
118	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	140	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
119	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	141	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
120	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	142	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
121		143
		144	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		145	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		146	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		147	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		148
122	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	149	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
123		150
124	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	151	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
125	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	152	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
126		153
127	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	154	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		155
		156	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		157	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		158	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		159	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		160	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
128		161
129	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	162	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
130		163
131	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	164	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
132	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	165	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
133	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	166	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
134	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	167	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
135		168
136	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	169	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
137	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	170	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
138	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	171	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
139	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	172	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		173	restart the timeout.
140		174
141	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	175	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
142		176
143	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	177	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
144		178
…		…
148		182
149	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	183	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
150		184
151	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	185	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
152	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	186	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
153	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	187	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
154		188
155	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	189	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
156	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	190	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
157	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	191	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
158	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	192	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
159	isn't finished).	193	isn't finished).
160		194
		195	=item autocork => <boolean>
		196
		197	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		198	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		199	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		200	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		201	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		202	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		203
		204	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		205	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		206	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		207	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		208
		209	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		210
		211	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		212	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		213	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		214
		215	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		216	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		217
		218	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		219	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		220
161	=item read_size => <bytes>	221	=item read_size => <bytes>
162		222
163	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	223	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
164	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	224	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		225	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
165		226
166	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	227	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
167		228
168	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	229	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
169	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	230	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
170	considered empty.	231	considered empty.
171		232
		233	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		234	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		235	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		236	is good in almost all cases.
		237
172	=item linger => <seconds>	238	=item linger => <seconds>
173		239
174	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	240	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
175	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	241	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
176	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	242	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
177	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	243	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
178	outstanding data at socket close time).	244	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
179		245
180	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	246	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
181	encoded. This data will be lost.	247	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		248	help.
		249
		250	=item peername => $string
		251
		252	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		253	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		254
		255	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		256	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		257	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		258	C<undef>.
182		259
183	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	260	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
184		261
185	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	262	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
186	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	263	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
187	data.	264	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		265
		266	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		267	appropriate error message.
188		268
189	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	269	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
190	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	270	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		271	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		272	to add the dependency yourself.
191		273
192	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	274	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
193	connection, use C<connect> mode.	275	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		276	mode.
194		277
195	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	278	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
196	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	279	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
197	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	280	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
198	AnyEvent::Handle.	281	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		282	object.
199		283
		284	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		285	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		286	away.
		287
		288	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		289	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		290	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		291	segmentation fault.
		292
200	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	293	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
201		294
202	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	295	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
203		296
204	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	297	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
205	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	298	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
206	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	299	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
207		300
		301	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		302	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		303	new TLS context object.
		304
		305	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		306
		307	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		308	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		309	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		310
		311	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		312	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		313
		314	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		315	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		316
		317	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		318	called, as normal.
		319
		320	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		321	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		322	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		323
		324	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		325
		326	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		327	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		328	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		329	on the handle.
		330
		331	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		332	callback.
		333
		334	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		335	underlying handle signals EOF.
		336
208	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	337	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
209		338
210	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	339	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
211		340
212	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	341	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
213	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	342	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		343	texts.
214		344
215	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	345	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
216	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	346	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
217		347
218	=item filter_r => $cb
219
220	=item filter_w => $cb
221
222	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
223
224	=back	348	=back
225		349
226	=cut	350	=cut
227		351
228	sub new {	352	sub new {
229	my $class = shift;	353	my $class = shift;
230
231	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	354	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
232		355
233	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	356	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
234		357
235	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	358	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
236
237	if ($self->{tls}) {
238	require Net::SSLeay;
239	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
240	}
241		359
242	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	360	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
243	$self->_timeout;	361	$self->_timeout;
244		362
		363	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		364
		365	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		366	if $self->{tls};
		367
245	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	368	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
246		369
247	$self	370	$self->start_read
248	}	371	if $self->{on_read};
249		372
		373	$self->{fh} && $self
		374	}
		375
250	sub _shutdown {	376	#sub _shutdown {
251	my ($self) = @_;	377	# my ($self) = @_;
252		378	#
253	delete $self->{_tw};	379	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
254	delete $self->{_rw};	380	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
255	delete $self->{_ww};	381	#
256	delete $self->{fh};	382	# &_freetls;
257		383	#}
258	$self->stoptls;
259	}
260		384
261	sub _error {	385	sub _error {
262	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	386	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
263
264	$self->_shutdown
265	if $fatal;
266		387
267	$! = $errno;	388	$! = $errno;
		389	$message ||= "$!";
268		390
269	if ($self->{on_error}) {	391	if ($self->{on_error}) {
270	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	392	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
271	} else {	393	$self->destroy;
		394	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		395	$self->destroy;
272	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	396	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
273	}	397	}
274	}	398	}
275		399
276	=item $fh = $handle->fh	400	=item $fh = $handle->fh
277		401
278	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	402	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
279		403
280	=cut	404	=cut
281		405
282	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	406	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
283		407
…		…
301	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	425	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
302	}	426	}
303		427
304	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	428	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
305		429
306	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	430	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
307	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	431	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
308	argument.	432	argument and method.
309		433
310	=cut	434	=cut
311		435
312	sub on_timeout {	436	sub on_timeout {
313	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	437	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		438	}
		439
		440	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		441
		442	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		443	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		444
		445	=cut
		446
		447	sub autocork {
		448	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		449	}
		450
		451	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		452
		453	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		454	the same name for details).
		455
		456	=cut
		457
		458	sub no_delay {
		459	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		460
		461	eval {
		462	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		463	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		464	};
		465	}
		466
		467	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		468
		469	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		470
		471	=cut
		472
		473	sub on_starttls {
		474	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		475	}
		476
		477	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		478
		479	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		480
		481	=cut
		482
		483	sub on_starttls {
		484	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
314	}	485	}
315		486
316	#############################################################################	487	#############################################################################
317		488
318	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	489	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
344	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	515	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
345		516
346	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	517	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
347	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	518	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
348	} else {	519	} else {
349	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	520	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
350	}	521	}
351		522
352	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	523	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
353	return unless $self->{timeout};	524	return unless $self->{timeout};
354		525
…		…
396	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	567	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
397		568
398	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	569	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
399		570
400	$cb->($self)	571	$cb->($self)
401	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	572	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
402	}	573	}
403		574
404	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	575	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
405		576
406	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	577	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
417	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	588	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
418		589
419	my $cb = sub {	590	my $cb = sub {
420	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	591	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
421		592
422	if ($len >= 0) {	593	if (defined $len) {
423	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	594	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
424		595
425	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	596	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
426		597
427	$self->{on_drain}($self)	598	$self->{on_drain}($self)
428	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	599	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
429	&& $self->{on_drain};	600	&& $self->{on_drain};
430		601
431	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	602	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
432	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	603	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
433	$self->_error ($!, 1);	604	$self->_error ($!, 1);
434	}	605	}
435	};	606	};
436		607
437	# try to write data immediately	608	# try to write data immediately
438	$cb->();	609	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
439		610
440	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	611	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
441	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	612	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
442	if length $self->{wbuf};	613	if length $self->{wbuf};
443	};	614	};
…		…
457		628
458	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	629	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
459	->($self, @_);	630	->($self, @_);
460	}	631	}
461		632
462	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	633	if ($self->{tls}) {
463	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	634	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		635
		636	&_dotls ($self);
464	} else {	637	} else {
465	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	638	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
466	$self->_drain_wbuf;	639	$self->_drain_wbuf;
467	}	640	}
468	}	641	}
…		…
485	=cut	658	=cut
486		659
487	register_write_type netstring => sub {	660	register_write_type netstring => sub {
488	my ($self, $string) = @_;	661	my ($self, $string) = @_;
489		662
490	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	663	(length $string) . ":$string,"
491	};	664	};
492		665
493	=item packstring => $format, $data	666	=item packstring => $format, $data
494		667
495	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	668	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
500	=cut	673	=cut
501		674
502	register_write_type packstring => sub {	675	register_write_type packstring => sub {
503	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;	676	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
504		677
505	pack "$format/a", $string	678	pack "$format/a*", $string
506	};	679	};
507		680
508	=item json => $array_or_hashref	681	=item json => $array_or_hashref
509		682
510	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	683	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
556	register_write_type storable => sub {	729	register_write_type storable => sub {
557	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	730	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
558		731
559	require Storable;	732	require Storable;
560		733
561	pack "w/a", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	734	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
562	};	735	};
563		736
564	=back	737	=back
		738
		739	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		740
		741	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		742	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		743	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		744	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		745	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		746
		747	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		748
		749	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		750	the peer.
		751
		752	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		753	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		754
		755	=cut
		756
		757	sub push_shutdown {
		758	my ($self) = @_;
		759
		760	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		761	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		762	}
565		763
566	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	764	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
567		765
568	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	766	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
569	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	767	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
590	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	788	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
591	a queue.	789	a queue.
592		790
593	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	791	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
594	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	792	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
595	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	793	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
596	or not.	794	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		795	partial message has been received so far).
597		796
598	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	797	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
599	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	798	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
600	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	799	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
601	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	800	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
…		…
619	# handle xml	818	# handle xml
620	});	819	});
621	});	820	});
622	});	821	});
623		822
624	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	823	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
625	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	824	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
626	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	825	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
627	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	826	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
628	the callbacks:	827	in the callbacks.
629		828
630	# request one	829	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		830	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		831	64-byte chunk callback.
		832
		833	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
631	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	834	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
632		835
633	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	836	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
634	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	837	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
635	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	838	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
642	...	845	...
643	});	846	});
644	}	847	}
645	});	848	});
646		849
647	# request two	850	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
648	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	851	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
649		852
650	# simply read 64 bytes, always	853	# simply read 64 bytes, always
651	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	854	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
652	my $response = $_[1];	855	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
664		867
665	if (	868	if (
666	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	869	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
667	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	870	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
668	) {	871	) {
669	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	872	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
670	}	873	}
671		874
672	while () {	875	while () {
673	no strict 'refs';	876	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		877	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		878	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
674		879
675	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	880	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
676		881
677	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	882	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
678	unless ($cb->($self)) {	883	unless ($cb->($self)) {
679	if ($self->{_eof}) {	884	if ($self->{_eof}) {
680	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	885	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
681	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;	886	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
682	}	887	}
683		888
684	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	889	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
685	last;	890	last;
686	}	891	}
…		…
694	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	899	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
695	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	900	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
696	) {	901	) {
697	# no further data will arrive	902	# no further data will arrive
698	# so no progress can be made	903	# so no progress can be made
699	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last	904	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
700	if $self->{_eof};	905	if $self->{_eof};
701		906
702	last; # more data might arrive	907	last; # more data might arrive
703	}	908	}
704	} else {	909	} else {
705	# read side becomes idle	910	# read side becomes idle
706	delete $self->{_rw};	911	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
707	last;	912	last;
708	}	913	}
709	}	914	}
710		915
		916	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		917	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
711	$self->{on_eof}($self)	918	$self->{on_eof}($self)
712	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	919	} else {
		920	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		921	}
		922	}
713		923
714	# may need to restart read watcher	924	# may need to restart read watcher
715	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	925	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
716	$self->start_read	926	$self->start_read
717	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	927	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
735		945
736	=item $handle->rbuf	946	=item $handle->rbuf
737		947
738	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	948	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
739		949
740	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	950	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
741	you want.	951	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		952	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		953	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		954	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
742		955
743	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	956	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
744	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	957	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
745	automatically manage the read buffer.	958	automatically manage the read buffer.
746		959
…		…
843	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1056	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
844	1	1057	1
845	}	1058	}
846	};	1059	};
847		1060
848	# compatibility with older API
849	sub push_read_chunk {
850	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
851	}
852
853	sub unshift_read_chunk {
854	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
855	}
856
857	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1061	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
858		1062
859	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1063	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
860	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1064	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
861	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1065	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
876	=cut	1080	=cut
877		1081
878	register_read_type line => sub {	1082	register_read_type line => sub {
879	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1083	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
880		1084
881	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1085	if (@_ < 3) {
		1086	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1087	sub {
		1088	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1089
		1090	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1091	1
		1092	}
		1093	} else {
882	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1094	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
883	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1095	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
884		1096
885	sub {	1097	sub {
886	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1098	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
887		1099
888	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1100	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1101	1
889	1	1102	}
890	}	1103	}
891	};	1104	};
892
893	# compatibility with older API
894	sub push_read_line {
895	my $self = shift;
896	$self->push_read (line => @_);
897	}
898
899	sub unshift_read_line {
900	my $self = shift;
901	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
902	}
903		1105
904	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1106	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
905		1107
906	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1108	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
907	everything up to and including the match.	1109	everything up to and including the match.
…		…
957	return 1;	1159	return 1;
958	}	1160	}
959		1161
960	# reject	1162	# reject
961	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1163	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
962	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1164	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
963	}	1165	}
964		1166
965	# skip	1167	# skip
966	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1168	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
967	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1169	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
983	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1185	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
984		1186
985	sub {	1187	sub {
986	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1188	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
987	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1189	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
988	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1190	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
989	}	1191	}
990	return;	1192	return;
991	}	1193	}
992		1194
993	my $len = $1;	1195	my $len = $1;
…		…
996	my $string = $_[1];	1198	my $string = $_[1];
997	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1199	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
998	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1200	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
999	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1201	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1000	} else {	1202	} else {
1001	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1203	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1002	}	1204	}
1003	});	1205	});
1004	});	1206	});
1005		1207
1006	1	1208	1
…		…
1012	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1214	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1013	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1215	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1014	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1216	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1015	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1217	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1016		1218
1017	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1219	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1220	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1018		1221
1019	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1222	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1020	format (very efficient).	1223	format (very efficient).
1021		1224
1022	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1225	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1028	register_read_type packstring => sub {	1231	register_read_type packstring => sub {
1029	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;	1232	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1030		1233
1031	sub {	1234	sub {
1032	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1235	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1033	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1236	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1034	or return;	1237	or return;
1035		1238
		1239	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1240
		1241	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1242	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1243	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1244	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1245	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1246	} else {
1036	# remove prefix	1247	# remove prefix
1037	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack $format, $len), "";	1248	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1038		1249
1039	# read rest	1250	# read remaining chunk
1040	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);	1251	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1252	}
1041		1253
1042	1	1254	1
1043	}	1255	}
1044	};	1256	};
1045		1257
1046	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1258	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1047		1259
1048	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1260	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1261	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1049		1262
1050	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1263	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1051	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1264	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1052		1265
1053	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1266	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1062	=cut	1275	=cut
1063		1276
1064	register_read_type json => sub {	1277	register_read_type json => sub {
1065	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1278	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1066		1279
1067	require JSON;	1280	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1281	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1282	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1068		1283
1069	my $data;	1284	my $data;
1070	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1285	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1071		1286
1072	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1073
1074	sub {	1287	sub {
1075	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1288	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1076		1289
1077	if ($ref) {	1290	if ($ref) {
1078	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1291	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1079	$json->incr_text = "";	1292	$json->incr_text = "";
1080	$cb->($self, $ref);	1293	$cb->($self, $ref);
1081		1294
1082	1	1295	1
		1296	} elsif ($@) {
		1297	# error case
		1298	$json->incr_skip;
		1299
		1300	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1301	$json->incr_text = "";
		1302
		1303	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1304
		1305	()
1083	} else {	1306	} else {
1084	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1307	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1308
1085	()	1309	()
1086	}	1310	}
1087	}	1311	}
1088	};	1312	};
1089		1313
…		…
1102		1326
1103	require Storable;	1327	require Storable;
1104		1328
1105	sub {	1329	sub {
1106	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1330	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1107	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1331	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1108	or return;	1332	or return;
1109		1333
		1334	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1335
		1336	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1337	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1338	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1339	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1340	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1341	} else {
1110	# remove prefix	1342	# remove prefix
1111	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack "w", $len), "";	1343	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1112		1344
1113	# read rest	1345	# read remaining chunk
1114	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1346	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1115	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1347	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1116	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1348	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1117	} else {	1349	} else {
1118	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1350	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1351	}
1119	}	1352	});
1120	});	1353	}
		1354
		1355	1
1121	}	1356	}
1122	};	1357	};
1123		1358
1124	=back	1359	=back
1125		1360
…		…
1155	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1390	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1156	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1391	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1157	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1392	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1158	there are any read requests in the queue.	1393	there are any read requests in the queue.
1159		1394
		1395	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1396	half-duplex connections).
		1397
1160	=cut	1398	=cut
1161		1399
1162	sub stop_read {	1400	sub stop_read {
1163	my ($self) = @_;	1401	my ($self) = @_;
1164		1402
1165	delete $self->{_rw};	1403	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1166	}	1404	}
1167		1405
1168	sub start_read {	1406	sub start_read {
1169	my ($self) = @_;	1407	my ($self) = @_;
1170		1408
1171	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1409	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1172	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1410	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1173		1411
1174	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1412	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1175	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1413	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1176	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1414	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1177		1415
1178	if ($len > 0) {	1416	if ($len > 0) {
1179	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1417	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1180		1418
1181	$self->{filter_r}	1419	if ($self->{tls}) {
1182	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1420	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1183	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1421
		1422	&_dotls ($self);
		1423	} else {
		1424	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1425	}
1184		1426
1185	} elsif (defined $len) {	1427	} elsif (defined $len) {
1186	delete $self->{_rw};	1428	delete $self->{_rw};
1187	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1429	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1188	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1430	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
…		…
1192	}	1434	}
1193	});	1435	});
1194	}	1436	}
1195	}	1437	}
1196		1438
		1439	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1440	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1441
		1442	sub _tls_error {
		1443	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1444
		1445	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1446	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1447
		1448	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1449
		1450	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1451	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1452
		1453	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1454	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1455	&_freetls;
		1456	} else {
		1457	&_freetls;
		1458	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1459	}
		1460	}
		1461
		1462	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1463	# also decode read data if possible
		1464	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1465	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1466	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1197	sub _dotls {	1467	sub _dotls {
1198	my ($self) = @_;	1468	my ($self) = @_;
1199		1469
1200	my $buf;	1470	my $tmp;
1201		1471
1202	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1472	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1203	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1473	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1204	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1474	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1205	}	1475	}
1206	}
1207		1476
		1477	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1478	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1479	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1480	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1481	}
		1482
		1483	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1484	unless (length $tmp) {
		1485	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1486	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1487	&_freetls;
		1488
		1489	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1490	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1491	return;
		1492	} else {
		1493	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1494	delete $self->{_rw};
		1495	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1496	}
		1497	}
		1498
		1499	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1500	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1501	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1502	}
		1503
		1504	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1505	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1506	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1507	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1508
1208	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1509	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1209	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1510	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1210	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1511	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1211	}	1512	}
1212		1513
1213	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1514	$self->{_on_starttls}
1214	if (length $buf) {	1515	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1215	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1516	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1216	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1217	} else {
1218	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1219	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1220	$self->_shutdown;
1221	return;
1222	}
1223	}
1224
1225	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1226
1227	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1228	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1229	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1230	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1231	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1232	}
1233
1234	# all others are fine for our purposes
1235	}
1236	}	1517	}
1237		1518
1238	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1519	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1239		1520
1240	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1521	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
1242	C<starttls>.	1523	C<starttls>.
1243		1524
1244	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1525	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1245	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1526	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1246		1527
1247	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1528	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1248	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1529	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1530	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1531	construct a new context.
1249		1532
1250	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1533	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1251	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1534	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1252	might have already started when this function returns.	1535	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1536	when this function returns.
1253		1537
		1538	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1539	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1540
1254	=cut	1541	=cut
		1542
		1543	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1255		1544
1256	sub starttls {	1545	sub starttls {
1257	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1546	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1258		1547
1259	$self->stoptls;	1548	require Net::SSLeay;
1260		1549
1261	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1550	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1262	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1551	if $self->{tls};
1263	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1552
1264	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1553	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1265	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1554	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1266	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1555
		1556	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1557
		1558	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1559	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1560
		1561	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1562
		1563	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1564	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1565	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1566	} else {
		1567	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1568	}
		1569	}
1267	}	1570
1268		1571	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1269	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1572	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1270		1573
1271	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1574	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1272	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1575	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1273	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1576	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1274	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1577	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1275	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1578	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1579	#
		1580	# in short: this is a mess.
		1581	#
		1582	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1583	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1584	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1585	# have identity issues in that area.
1276	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1586	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1277	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1587	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1278	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1588	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1589	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1279		1590
1280	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1591	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1281	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1592	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1282		1593
1283	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1594	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1284		1595
1285	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1596	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1286	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1597	if $self->{on_starttls};
1287	&_dotls;	1598
1288	};	1599	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1289	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1600	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1290	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1291	&_dotls;
1292	};
1293	}	1601	}
1294		1602
1295	=item $handle->stoptls	1603	=item $handle->stoptls
1296		1604
1297	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1605	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1298	lost.	1606	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1607	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1608	afterwards.
1299		1609
1300	=cut	1610	=cut
1301		1611
1302	sub stoptls {	1612	sub stoptls {
1303	my ($self) = @_;	1613	my ($self) = @_;
1304		1614
1305	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1615	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1616	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1306		1617
1307	delete $self->{_rbio};	1618	&_dotls;
1308	delete $self->{_wbio};	1619
1309	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1620	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1310	delete $self->{filter_r};	1621	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1311	delete $self->{filter_w};	1622	# &_freetls;#d#
		1623	}
		1624	}
		1625
		1626	sub _freetls {
		1627	my ($self) = @_;
		1628
		1629	return unless $self->{tls};
		1630
		1631	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1632
		1633	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1312	}	1634	}
1313		1635
1314	sub DESTROY {	1636	sub DESTROY {
1315	my $self = shift;	1637	my ($self) = @_;
1316		1638
1317	$self->stoptls;	1639	&_freetls;
1318		1640
1319	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1641	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1320		1642
1321	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1643	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
1322	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1644	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
…		…
1337	@linger = ();	1659	@linger = ();
1338	});	1660	});
1339	}	1661	}
1340	}	1662	}
1341		1663
		1664	=item $handle->destroy
		1665
		1666	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1667	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1668	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1669
		1670	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1671	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1672	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1673	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1674	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1675	that case.
		1676
		1677	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1678	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1679	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1680	reference cycles.
		1681
		1682	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1683	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1684
		1685	=cut
		1686
		1687	sub destroy {
		1688	my ($self) = @_;
		1689
		1690	$self->DESTROY;
		1691	%$self = ();
		1692	}
		1693
1342	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1694	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1343		1695
1344	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1696	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1345	default for TLS mode.	1697	for TLS mode.
1346		1698
1347	The context is created like this:	1699	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1348
1349	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1350	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1351	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1352
1353	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1354
1355	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1356		1700
1357	=cut	1701	=cut
1358		1702
1359	our $TLS_CTX;	1703	our $TLS_CTX;
1360		1704
1361	sub TLS_CTX() {	1705	sub TLS_CTX() {
1362	$TLS_CTX || do {	1706	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1363	require Net::SSLeay;	1707	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1364		1708
1365	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1709	new AnyEvent::TLS
1366	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1367	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1368
1369	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1370
1371	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1372
1373	$TLS_CTX
1374	}	1710	}
1375	}	1711	}
1376		1712
1377	=back	1713	=back
		1714
		1715
		1716	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1717
		1718	=over 4
		1719
		1720	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1721	still get further invocations!
		1722
		1723	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1724	read or write callbacks.
		1725
		1726	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1727	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1728	->destroy >> method.
		1729
		1730	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1731	reading?
		1732
		1733	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1734	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1735	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1736	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1737
		1738	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1739	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1740	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1741
		1742	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1743	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1744	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1745	C<destroy> method.
		1746
		1747	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1748
		1749	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1750	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1751	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1752	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1753
		1754	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1755	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1756	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1757	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1758	});
		1759
		1760	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1761	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1762	fact, all data has been received.
		1763
		1764	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1765	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1766	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1767	explicit QUIT command.
		1768
		1769	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1770	all data has been written?
		1771
		1772	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1773	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1774	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1775	written to the socket:
		1776
		1777	$handle->push_write (...);
		1778	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1779	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1780	undef $handle;
		1781	});
		1782
		1783	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1784	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1785
		1786	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1787
		1788	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1789	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1790	parameter:
		1791
		1792	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1793	my ($fh) = @_;
		1794
		1795	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1796	fh => $fh,
		1797	tls => "connect",
		1798	on_error => sub { ... };
		1799
		1800	$handle->push_write (...);
		1801	};
		1802
		1803	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1804
		1805	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1806	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1807	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1808
		1809	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1810
		1811	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1812	my ($fh) = @_;
		1813
		1814	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1815	fh => $fh,
		1816	peername => $host,
		1817	tls => "connect",
		1818	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1819	...
		1820
		1821	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1822	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1823	peername verification will be done.
		1824
		1825	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1826	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1827	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1828
		1829	tls_ctx => {
		1830	verify => 1,
		1831	verify_peername => "https",
		1832	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1833	},
		1834
		1835	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1836
		1837	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1838	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1839	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1840	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1841	nice program for that purpose).
		1842
		1843	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1844	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1845	file should then look like this:
		1846
		1847	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1848	...header data
		1849	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1850	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1851
		1852	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1853	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1854	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1855
		1856	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1857	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1858
		1859	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1860	my ($fh) = @_;
		1861
		1862	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1863	fh => $fh,
		1864	tls => "accept",
		1865	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1866	...
		1867
		1868	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1869	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1870
		1871	=back
		1872
1378		1873
1379	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1874	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1380		1875
1381	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1876	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1382		1877
…		…
1386	=over 4	1881	=over 4
1387		1882
1388	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1883	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1389		1884
1390	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1885	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1391	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1886	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1392	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1887	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1393		1888
1394	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1889	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1395		1890
1396	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1891	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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