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Revision 1.85 by root, Thu Aug 21 19:53:19 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.172 by root, Wed Aug 5 20:50:27 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;	16	our $VERSION = 4.901;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		50
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		53
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	62	argument.
63		63
64	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
65		65
66	=over 4	66	=over 4
67		67
68	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		69
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		71
72	=over 4	72	=over 4
73		73
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		75
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	79	that mode.
81		80
		81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		82
		83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
		86
		87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		99
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
87		105
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	108	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		109
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		111
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		137
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
105		141
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		154
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		159
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
119		163
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	166	C<croak>.
123		167
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	173	read buffer).
130		174
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
133		179
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		205
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		207
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		220
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
158		225
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
163		231
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		233
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		235
…		…
171		239
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		241
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		245
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
183		251
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	252	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		253
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		260
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		265
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		267
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		271
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		274
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207		277
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		279
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		283
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		285
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
218		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
219	=item linger => <seconds>	295	=item linger => <seconds>
220		296
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		302
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
229		316
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		318
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
234	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
235		325
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
238		330
239	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241	mode.	333	mode.
242		334
243	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
244	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
245	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
246	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
247		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
248	See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
249		351
250	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
251		353
252	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
253	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
254	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
255		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
256	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
257		395
258	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
259		397
260	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
261	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
262		401
263	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
264	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
265		404
266	=item filter_r => $cb
267
268	=item filter_w => $cb
269
270	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
271
272	=back	405	=back
273		406
274	=cut	407	=cut
275		408
276	sub new {	409	sub new {
277	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
278
279	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
280		412
281	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
282		476
283	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
284
285	if ($self->{tls}) {
286	require Net::SSLeay;
287	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
288	}
289		478
290	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
291	$self->_timeout;	480	$self->_timeout;
292		481
293	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
294	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
295		483
		484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		485	if $self->{tls};
		486
		487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		488
296	$self->start_read	489	$self->start_read
297	if $self->{on_read};	490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
298		491
299	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
300	}	493	}
301		494
302	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
303	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
304		497	#
305	delete $self->{_tw};	498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
306	delete $self->{_rw};	499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
307	delete $self->{_ww};	500	#
308	delete $self->{fh};	501	# &_freetls;
309		502	#}
310	$self->stoptls;
311
312	delete $self->{on_read};
313	delete $self->{_queue};
314	}
315		503
316	sub _error {	504	sub _error {
317	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
318
319	$self->_shutdown
320	if $fatal;
321		506
322	$! = $errno;	507	$! = $errno;
		508	$message ||= "$!";
323		509
324	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
325	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
326	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
327	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
328	}	516	}
329	}	517	}
330		518
331	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
332		520
333	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
334		522
335	=cut	523	=cut
336		524
337	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
338		526
…		…
356	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
357	}	545	}
358		546
359	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
360		548
361	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
362	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
363	argument.	551	argument and method.
364		552
365	=cut	553	=cut
366		554
367	sub on_timeout {	555	sub on_timeout {
368	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
369	}	557	}
370		558
371	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
372		560
373	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
374	constructor argument).	562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
375		563
376	=cut	564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
377		569
378	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
379		571
380	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
381	the same name for details).	573	the same name for details).
…		…
385	sub no_delay {	577	sub no_delay {
386	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
387		579
388	eval {	580	eval {
389	local $SIG{__DIE__};	581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
390	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
391	};	584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		608
		609	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub rbuf_max {
		614	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
392	}	615	}
393		616
394	#############################################################################	617	#############################################################################
395		618
396	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	619	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
409	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	632	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
410	# also check for time-outs	633	# also check for time-outs
411	sub _timeout {	634	sub _timeout {
412	my ($self) = @_;	635	my ($self) = @_;
413		636
414	if ($self->{timeout}) {	637	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
415	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	638	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
416		639
417	# when would the timeout trigger?	640	# when would the timeout trigger?
418	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	641	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
419		642
…		…
422	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	645	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
423		646
424	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	647	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
425	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	648	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
426	} else {	649	} else {
427	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	650	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
428	}	651	}
429		652
430	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	653	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
431	return unless $self->{timeout};	654	return unless $self->{timeout};
432		655
…		…
474	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	697	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
475		698
476	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	699	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
477		700
478	$cb->($self)	701	$cb->($self)
479	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	702	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
480	}	703	}
481		704
482	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	705	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
483		706
484	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	707	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
495	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	718	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
496		719
497	my $cb = sub {	720	my $cb = sub {
498	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	721	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
499		722
500	if ($len >= 0) {	723	if (defined $len) {
501	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	724	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
502		725
503	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	726	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
504		727
505	$self->{on_drain}($self)	728	$self->{on_drain}($self)
506	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	729	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
507	&& $self->{on_drain};	730	&& $self->{on_drain};
508		731
509	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	732	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
510	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	733	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
511	$self->_error ($!, 1);	734	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
535		758
536	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	759	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
537	->($self, @_);	760	->($self, @_);
538	}	761	}
539		762
540	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	763	if ($self->{tls}) {
541	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	764	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		765	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
542	} else {	766	} else {
543	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	767	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
544	$self->_drain_wbuf;	768	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
545	}	769	}
546	}	770	}
547		771
548	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	772	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
549		773
…		…
563	=cut	787	=cut
564		788
565	register_write_type netstring => sub {	789	register_write_type netstring => sub {
566	my ($self, $string) = @_;	790	my ($self, $string) = @_;
567		791
568	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	792	(length $string) . ":$string,"
569	};	793	};
570		794
571	=item packstring => $format, $data	795	=item packstring => $format, $data
572		796
573	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	797	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
638		862
639	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	863	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
640	};	864	};
641		865
642	=back	866	=back
		867
		868	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		869
		870	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		871	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		872	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		873	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		874	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		875
		876	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		877
		878	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		879	the peer.
		880
		881	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		882	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		883
		884	=cut
		885
		886	sub push_shutdown {
		887	my ($self) = @_;
		888
		889	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		890	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		891	}
643		892
644	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	893	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
645		894
646	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	895	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
647	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	896	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
741	=cut	990	=cut
742		991
743	sub _drain_rbuf {	992	sub _drain_rbuf {
744	my ($self) = @_;	993	my ($self) = @_;
745		994
		995	# avoid recursion
		996	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
746	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	997	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
747
748	if (
749	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
750	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
751	) {
752	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
753	}
754		998
755	while () {	999	while () {
		1000	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1001	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1002	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1003	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1004
756	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1005	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
757		1006
758	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1007	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
759	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1008	unless ($cb->($self)) {
760	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1009	# no progress can be made
761	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1010	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
762	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1011	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
763	}	1012	if $self->{_eof};
764		1013
765	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1014	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
766	last;	1015	last;
767	}	1016	}
768	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1017	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
775	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1024	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
776	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1025	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
777	) {	1026	) {
778	# no further data will arrive	1027	# no further data will arrive
779	# so no progress can be made	1028	# so no progress can be made
780	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1029	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
781	if $self->{_eof};	1030	if $self->{_eof};
782		1031
783	last; # more data might arrive	1032	last; # more data might arrive
784	}	1033	}
785	} else {	1034	} else {
786	# read side becomes idle	1035	# read side becomes idle
787	delete $self->{_rw};	1036	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
788	last;	1037	last;
789	}	1038	}
790	}	1039	}
791		1040
792	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1041	if ($self->{_eof}) {
793	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1042	$self->{on_eof}
794	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1043	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
795	} else {	1044	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
796	$self->_error (0, 1);	1045
797	}	1046	return;
		1047	}
		1048
		1049	if (
		1050	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1051	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1052	) {
		1053	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
798	}	1054	}
799		1055
800	# may need to restart read watcher	1056	# may need to restart read watcher
801	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1057	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
802	$self->start_read	1058	$self->start_read
…		…
814		1070
815	sub on_read {	1071	sub on_read {
816	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1072	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
817		1073
818	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1074	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
819	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1075	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
820	}	1076	}
821		1077
822	=item $handle->rbuf	1078	=item $handle->rbuf
823		1079
824	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1080	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
825		1081
826	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1082	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
827	you want.	1083	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1084	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1085	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1086	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
828		1087
829	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1088	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
830	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1089	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
831	automatically manage the read buffer.	1090	automatically manage the read buffer.
832		1091
…		…
873	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1132	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
874	->($self, $cb, @_);	1133	->($self, $cb, @_);
875	}	1134	}
876		1135
877	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1136	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
878	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1137	$self->_drain_rbuf;
879	}	1138	}
880		1139
881	sub unshift_read {	1140	sub unshift_read {
882	my $self = shift;	1141	my $self = shift;
883	my $cb = pop;	1142	my $cb = pop;
…		…
889	->($self, $cb, @_);	1148	->($self, $cb, @_);
890	}	1149	}
891		1150
892		1151
893	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1152	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
894	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1153	$self->_drain_rbuf;
895	}	1154	}
896		1155
897	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1156	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
898		1157
899	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1158	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1032	return 1;	1291	return 1;
1033	}	1292	}
1034		1293
1035	# reject	1294	# reject
1036	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1295	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1037	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1296	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1038	}	1297	}
1039		1298
1040	# skip	1299	# skip
1041	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1300	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1042	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1301	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1058	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1317	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1059		1318
1060	sub {	1319	sub {
1061	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1320	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1062	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1321	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1063	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1322	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1064	}	1323	}
1065	return;	1324	return;
1066	}	1325	}
1067		1326
1068	my $len = $1;	1327	my $len = $1;
…		…
1071	my $string = $_[1];	1330	my $string = $_[1];
1072	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1331	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1073	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1332	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1074	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1333	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1075	} else {	1334	} else {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1335	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1336	}
1078	});	1337	});
1079	});	1338	});
1080		1339
1081	1	1340	1
…		…
1087	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1346	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1088	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1347	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1089	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1348	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1090	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1349	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1091		1350
1092	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1351	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1352	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1093		1353
1094	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1354	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1095	format (very efficient).	1355	format (very efficient).
1096		1356
1097	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1357	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1127	}	1387	}
1128	};	1388	};
1129		1389
1130	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1390	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1131		1391
1132	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1392	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1393	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1133		1394
1134	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1395	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1135	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1396	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1136		1397
1137	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1398	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1146	=cut	1407	=cut
1147		1408
1148	register_read_type json => sub {	1409	register_read_type json => sub {
1149	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1410	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1150		1411
1151	require JSON;	1412	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1413	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1414	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1152		1415
1153	my $data;	1416	my $data;
1154	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1417	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1155		1418
1156	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1157
1158	sub {	1419	sub {
1159	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1420	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1160		1421
1161	if ($ref) {	1422	if ($ref) {
1162	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1423	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1163	$json->incr_text = "";	1424	$json->incr_text = "";
1164	$cb->($self, $ref);	1425	$cb->($self, $ref);
1165		1426
1166	1	1427	1
		1428	} elsif ($@) {
		1429	# error case
		1430	$json->incr_skip;
		1431
		1432	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1433	$json->incr_text = "";
		1434
		1435	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1436
		1437	()
1167	} else {	1438	} else {
1168	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1439	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1440
1169	()	1441	()
1170	}	1442	}
1171	}	1443	}
1172	};	1444	};
1173		1445
…		…
1205	# read remaining chunk	1477	# read remaining chunk
1206	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1478	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1207	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1479	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1208	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1480	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1209	} else {	1481	} else {
1210	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1482	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1211	}	1483	}
1212	});	1484	});
1213	}	1485	}
1214		1486
1215	1	1487	1
…		…
1250	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1522	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1251	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1523	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1252	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1524	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1253	there are any read requests in the queue.	1525	there are any read requests in the queue.
1254		1526
		1527	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1528	half-duplex connections).
		1529
1255	=cut	1530	=cut
1256		1531
1257	sub stop_read {	1532	sub stop_read {
1258	my ($self) = @_;	1533	my ($self) = @_;
1259		1534
1260	delete $self->{_rw};	1535	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1261	}	1536	}
1262		1537
1263	sub start_read {	1538	sub start_read {
1264	my ($self) = @_;	1539	my ($self) = @_;
1265		1540
1266	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1541	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1267	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1542	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1268		1543
1269	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1544	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1270	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1545	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1271	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1546	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1272		1547
1273	if ($len > 0) {	1548	if ($len > 0) {
1274	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1549	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1275		1550
1276	$self->{filter_r}	1551	if ($self->{tls}) {
1277	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1552	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1278	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1553
		1554	&_dotls ($self);
		1555	} else {
		1556	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1557	}
1279		1558
1280	} elsif (defined $len) {	1559	} elsif (defined $len) {
1281	delete $self->{_rw};	1560	delete $self->{_rw};
1282	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1561	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1283	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1562	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1284		1563
1285	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1564	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1286	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1565	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1287	}	1566	}
1288	});	1567	});
1289	}	1568	}
1290	}	1569	}
1291		1570
		1571	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1572	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1573
		1574	sub _tls_error {
		1575	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1576
		1577	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1578	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1579
		1580	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1581
		1582	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1583	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1584
		1585	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1586	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1587	&_freetls;
		1588	} else {
		1589	&_freetls;
		1590	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1591	}
		1592	}
		1593
		1594	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1595	# also decode read data if possible
		1596	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1597	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1598	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1292	sub _dotls {	1599	sub _dotls {
1293	my ($self) = @_;	1600	my ($self) = @_;
1294		1601
1295	my $buf;	1602	my $tmp;
1296		1603
1297	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1604	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1298	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1605	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1299	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1606	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1300	}	1607	}
1301	}
1302		1608
		1609	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1610	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1611	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1612	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1613	}
		1614
		1615	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1616	unless (length $tmp) {
		1617	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1618	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1619	&_freetls;
		1620
		1621	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1622	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1623	return;
		1624	} else {
		1625	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1626	delete $self->{_rw};
		1627	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1628	}
		1629	}
		1630
		1631	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1632	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1633	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1634	}
		1635
		1636	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1637	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1638	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1639	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1640
1303	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1641	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1304	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1642	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1305	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1643	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1306	}	1644	}
1307		1645
1308	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1646	$self->{_on_starttls}
1309	if (length $buf) {	1647	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1310	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1648	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1311	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1312	} else {
1313	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1314	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1315	$self->_shutdown;
1316	return;
1317	}
1318	}
1319
1320	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1321
1322	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1323	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1324	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1325	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1326	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1327	}
1328
1329	# all others are fine for our purposes
1330	}
1331	}	1649	}
1332		1650
1333	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1651	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1334		1652
1335	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1653	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1336	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1654	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1337	C<starttls>.	1655	C<starttls>.
1338		1656
		1657	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1658	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1659	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1660
1339	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1661	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1340	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1662	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1341		1663
1342	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1664	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1343	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1665	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1666	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1667	construct a new context.
1344		1668
1345	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1669	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1346	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1670	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1347	might have already started when this function returns.	1671	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1672	when this function returns.
1348		1673
		1674	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1675	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1676	stopping TLS.
		1677
1349	=cut	1678	=cut
		1679
		1680	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1350		1681
1351	sub starttls {	1682	sub starttls {
1352	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1683	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1353		1684
1354	$self->stoptls;	1685	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1686	if $self->{tls};
1355		1687
1356	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1688	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1357	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1689	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1358	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1690
1359	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1691	return unless $self->{fh};
1360	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1692
1361	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1693	require Net::SSLeay;
		1694
		1695	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1696	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1697
		1698	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1699	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1700
		1701	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1702
		1703	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1704	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1705
		1706	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1707	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1708	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1709	} else {
		1710	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1711	}
		1712	}
1362	}	1713
1363		1714	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1364	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1715	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1365		1716
1366	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1717	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1367	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1718	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1368	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1719	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1369	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1720	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1370	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1721	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1722	#
		1723	# in short: this is a mess.
		1724	#
		1725	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1726	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1727	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1728	# have identity issues in that area.
1371	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1729	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1372	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1730	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1373	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1731	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1732	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1374		1733
1375	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1734	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1376	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1735	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1377		1736
		1737	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1738
1378	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1739	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1379		1740
1380	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1741	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1381	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1742	if $self->{on_starttls};
1382	&_dotls;	1743
1383	};	1744	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1384	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1745	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1385	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1386	&_dotls;
1387	};
1388	}	1746	}
1389		1747
1390	=item $handle->stoptls	1748	=item $handle->stoptls
1391		1749
1392	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1750	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1393	lost.	1751	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1752	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1753	the stream afterwards.
1394		1754
1395	=cut	1755	=cut
1396		1756
1397	sub stoptls {	1757	sub stoptls {
1398	my ($self) = @_;	1758	my ($self) = @_;
1399		1759
1400	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1760	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1761	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1401		1762
1402	delete $self->{_rbio};	1763	&_dotls;
1403	delete $self->{_wbio};	1764
1404	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1765	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1405	delete $self->{filter_r};	1766	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1406	delete $self->{filter_w};	1767	# &_freetls;#d#
		1768	}
		1769	}
		1770
		1771	sub _freetls {
		1772	my ($self) = @_;
		1773
		1774	return unless $self->{tls};
		1775
		1776	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1777	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1778
		1779	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1407	}	1780	}
1408		1781
1409	sub DESTROY {	1782	sub DESTROY {
1410	my $self = shift;	1783	my ($self) = @_;
1411		1784
1412	$self->stoptls;	1785	&_freetls;
1413		1786
1414	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1787	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1415		1788
1416	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1789	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1417	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1790	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1418	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1791	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1419		1792
1420	my @linger;	1793	my @linger;
1421		1794
…		…
1432	@linger = ();	1805	@linger = ();
1433	});	1806	});
1434	}	1807	}
1435	}	1808	}
1436		1809
		1810	=item $handle->destroy
		1811
		1812	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1813	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1814	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1815	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1816	empty list).
		1817
		1818	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1819	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1820	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1821	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1822	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1823	that case.
		1824
		1825	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1826	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1827	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1828	reference cycles.
		1829
		1830	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1831	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1832
		1833	=cut
		1834
		1835	sub destroy {
		1836	my ($self) = @_;
		1837
		1838	$self->DESTROY;
		1839	%$self = ();
		1840	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1841	}
		1842
		1843	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1844	#nop
		1845	}
		1846
1437	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1847	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1438		1848
1439	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1849	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1440	default for TLS mode.	1850	for TLS mode.
1441		1851
1442	The context is created like this:	1852	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1443
1444	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1445	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1446	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1447
1448	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1449
1450	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1451		1853
1452	=cut	1854	=cut
1453		1855
1454	our $TLS_CTX;	1856	our $TLS_CTX;
1455		1857
1456	sub TLS_CTX() {	1858	sub TLS_CTX() {
1457	$TLS_CTX || do {	1859	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1458	require Net::SSLeay;	1860	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1459		1861
1460	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1862	new AnyEvent::TLS
1461	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1462	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1463
1464	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1465
1466	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1467
1468	$TLS_CTX
1469	}	1863	}
1470	}	1864	}
1471		1865
1472	=back	1866	=back
		1867
		1868
		1869	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1870
		1871	=over 4
		1872
		1873	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1874	still get further invocations!
		1875
		1876	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1877	read or write callbacks.
		1878
		1879	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1880	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1881	->destroy >> method.
		1882
		1883	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1884	reading?
		1885
		1886	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1887	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1888	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1889	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1890
		1891	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1892	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1893	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1894
		1895	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1896	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1897	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1898	C<destroy> method.
		1899
		1900	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1901
		1902	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1903	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1904	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1905	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1906
		1907	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1908	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1909	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1910	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1911	});
		1912
		1913	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1914	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1915	fact, all data has been received.
		1916
		1917	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1918	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1919	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1920	explicit QUIT command.
		1921
		1922	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1923	all data has been written?
		1924
		1925	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1926	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1927	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1928	written to the socket:
		1929
		1930	$handle->push_write (...);
		1931	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1932	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1933	undef $handle;
		1934	});
		1935
		1936	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1937	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1938
		1939	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1940
		1941	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1942	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1943	parameter:
		1944
		1945	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1946	my ($fh) = @_;
		1947
		1948	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1949	fh => $fh,
		1950	tls => "connect",
		1951	on_error => sub { ... };
		1952
		1953	$handle->push_write (...);
		1954	};
		1955
		1956	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1957
		1958	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1959	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1960	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1961
		1962	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1963
		1964	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1965	my ($fh) = @_;
		1966
		1967	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1968	fh => $fh,
		1969	peername => $host,
		1970	tls => "connect",
		1971	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1972	...
		1973
		1974	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1975	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1976	peername verification will be done.
		1977
		1978	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1979	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1980	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1981
		1982	tls_ctx => {
		1983	verify => 1,
		1984	verify_peername => "https",
		1985	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1986	},
		1987
		1988	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1989
		1990	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1991	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1992	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1993	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1994	nice program for that purpose).
		1995
		1996	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1997	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1998	file should then look like this:
		1999
		2000	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2001	...header data
		2002	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2003	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2004
		2005	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2006	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2007	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2008
		2009	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2010	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2011
		2012	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2013	my ($fh) = @_;
		2014
		2015	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2016	fh => $fh,
		2017	tls => "accept",
		2018	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2019	...
		2020
		2021	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2022	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2023
		2024	=back
		2025
1473		2026
1474	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2027	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1475		2028
1476	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2029	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1477		2030

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